Laboratory and Diagnostic Examination Results DATE July 9, 2011 PROCEDUE NORMS Complete Blood Count Hemoglobin 140-175

g/L RESULT 84.0 g/L Interpretation/Analysis Below Normal Low hemoglobin can be caused by a low red blood cell count and by a lack of hemoglobin . the lack of hemoglobin on o erythrocyte is often due to lack of iron. It is an indication for anemia. Ref.: Saunders Nursing Guide to laboratory and Diagnostic Tests p 375 by Malerkey Below Normal It occurs because fewer RBC are made (as evidenced by below normal RBC) The hct decrease because of fluid retention (as evidenced by edema on extremities) that creates a greater plasma volume. Ref.: Saunders Nursing Guide to laboratory and Diagnostic Tests p 372 by Malerkey Below Normal Decreased RBC value occurs in Anemia, a condition in which there is a reduction in the number of circulating erythrocytes, the amount of Hb, or the volume of packed cells (hct). Ref.: A Manual of Laboratory Diagnostic Tests, p71 by Fischback Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Above Normal An elevated value occurs in response to bacterial infection ( as evidenced by antibiotic drugs being administered to the patient) Saunders Nursing Guide to laboratory and Diagnostic Tests p 679 by Malerkey Below normal Decrease is possibly caused by ceftriaxone and furosemide (A

Hematocrit

0.415-0.504

0.24

RBC

4.5-5.9x1012/L

3.02x1012/L

MCV MCH MCHC RDW-CV WBC COUNT Neutrophils

80-96 fL 26-34 g/L 32-36g/dL 11.5-14.5% 4.4-11x109/L 50%

80 fL 28 g/L 35 g/dL 14 % 9.17X109/L 84.2%

Lymphocytes

25-40%

9.2%

Basophils 0-1.0% Monocytes 3-7% Eosinophils 0-3% Paletelet Count 150-450x109/L MPV 7.4-10.4 fL JULY 6, 2011 Complete Blood Count Hemoglobin 140-175 g/L

0.2% 4.9% 1.5% 196X109/L 10.2fL 32.2 g/L

Manual of Laboratory Diagnostic Tests, p1222-1223 by Fischback) Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Below Normal Low hemoglobin can be caused by a low red blood cell count and by a lack of hemoglobin . the lack of hemoglobin on o erythrocyte is often due to lack of iron. It is an indication for anemia. Ref.: Saunders Nursing Guide to laboratory and Diagnostic Tests p 375 by Malerkey Below Normal It occurs because fewer RBC are made (as evidenced by below normal RBC) The hct decrease because of fluid retention (as evidenced by edema on extremities) that creates a greater plasma volume. Ref.: Saunders Nursing Guide to laboratory and Diagnostic Tests p 372 by Malerkey Below Normal Decreased RBC value occurs in Anemia, a condition in which there is a reduction in the number of circulating erythrocytes, the amount of Hb, or the volume of packed cells (hct). Ref.: A Manual of Laboratory Diagnostic Tests, p71 by Fischback Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Above Normal An elevated value occurs in response to bacterial infection

Hematocrit

0.415-0.504

0.10

RBC

4.5-5.9x1012/L

1.19x1012/L

MCV MCH MCHC RDW-CV WBC COUNT Neutrophils

80-96 fL 26-34g/L 32-36g/dL 11.5-14.5% 4.4-11x109/L 56%

82fL 27 g/L 33 g/dL 17.3 % 8.99x109/L 78.4%

Lymphocytes

25-40%

17.0%

Basophils Monocytes Eosinophils Paletelet Count MPV

0-1.0% 3-7% 0-3% 150-450x109/L 7.4-10.4 fL

0.1% 4.1% 0.4% 186x109/L 10.7fL

( as evidenced by antibiotic drugs being administered to the patient) Saunders Nursing Guide to laboratory and Diagnostic Tests p 679 by Malerkey Below normal Decrease is possibly caused by ceftriaxone and furosemide (A Manual of Laboratory Diagnostic Tests, p1222-1223 by Fischback) Normal Normal Normal Normal Above normal Abnormally increased number of platelets occur in acute infections and inflammations. A Manual of Laboratory Diagnostic Tests, p134 by Fischback Below Normal Low hemoglobin can be caused by a low red blood cell count and by a lack of hemoglobin . the lack of hemoglobin on o erythrocyte is often due to lack of iron. It is an indication for anemia. Ref.: Saunders Nursing Guide to laboratory and Diagnostic Tests p 375 by Malerkey Below Normal It occurs because fewer RBC are made (as evidenced by below normal RBC) The hct decrease because of fluid retention (as evidenced by edema on extremities) that creates a greater plasma volume. Ref.: Saunders Nursing Guide to laboratory and Diagnostic Tests p 372 by Malerkey Below Normal Decreased RBC value occurs in Anemia, a condition in which there is a reduction in the number of circulating erythrocytes, the amount of Hb, or the volume of packed cells (hct). Ref.: A Manual of Laboratory Diagnostic Tests, p71 by

June 29, 2011

Complete Blood Count Hemoglobin 140-175 g/L

70.2g/L

Hematocrit

0.415-0.504

0.21

RBC

4.5-5.9x1012/L

2.62x1012/L

MCV MCH MCHC RDW-CV WBC COUNT Neutrophils

80-96 fL 26-34g/L 32-36g/dL 11.5-14.5% 4.4-11x109/L 50%

81fL 27 g/L 33 g/dL 15.0 % 7.36X109/L 80.4%

Fischback Normal Normal Normal Normal Above Normal An elevated value occurs in response to bacterial infection ( as evidenced by antibiotic drugs being administered to the patient) Saunders Nursing Guide to laboratory and Diagnostic Tests p 679 by Malerkey Below normal Decrease is possibly caused by ceftriaxone and furosemide (A Manual of Laboratory Diagnostic Tests, p1222-1223 by Fischback) Normal Normal Normal Normal Above Normal Increased blood creatinine level occurs in Congestive Heart Failure ( as seen on x-ray the heart is enlarged) and in dehydration ( as evidenced by the dryness of the lips and skin). Ref.: A Manual of Laboratory Diagnostic Tests, p351 by Fischback Below normal A low level of serum sodium is called hyponatremia. The cause is usually an excessive loss of sodium or excessive water retention (as evidenced by edema on extremities). Ref.: Saunders Nursing Guide to laboratory and Diagnostic Tests p 592 by Malerkey

Lymphocytes

25-40%

10.3%

July 9, 2011

Basophils 0-1.0% Monocytes 3-7% Eosinophils 0-3% Paletelet Count 150-450x109/L MPV 7.4-10.4 fL Clinical Chemistry Creatinine 62-115 umol/L

0.1% 5.8% 3.4% 167X109/L 9.5 fL 2848 umol/L

Na+

136-145 mmol/L

128.6mmol/L

K+ July 6, 2011

3.5-5.2 mmol/L

3.84mmol/L 2755.49 umol/L

Normal Above Normal Increased blood creatinine level occurs in Congestive Heart Failure ( as seen on x-ray the heart is enlarged) and in dehydration ( as evidenced by the dryness of the lips and skin). Ref.: A Manual of Laboratory Diagnostic Tests, p351 by Fischback Below normal A low level of serum sodium is called hyponatremia. The cause is usually an excessive loss of sodium or excessive water retention (as evidenced by edema on extremities). Ref.: Saunders Nursing Guide to laboratory and Diagnostic Tests p 592 by Malerkey Normal Above Normal Increased blood creatinine level occurs in Congestive Heart Failure ( as seen on x-ray the heart is enlarged) and in dehydration ( as evidenced by the dryness of the lips and skin). Ref.: A Manual of Laboratory Diagnostic Tests, p351 by Fischback Below normal A low level of serum sodium is called hyponatremia. The cause is usually an excessive loss of sodium or excessive water retention (as evidenced by edema on extremities). Ref.: Saunders Nursing Guide to laboratory and Diagnostic Tests p 592 by Malerkey Normal

Clinical Chemistry Creatinine 62-115 umol/L

Na+

136-145 mmol/L

132.80 maol/L

K+ June 29, 2011

3.5-5.2 mmol/L

4.31mmol/L 2118.75 umol/L

Clinical Chemistry Creatinine 62-115 umol/L

Na+

136-145 mmol/L

130.40 maol/L

K+

3.5-5.2 mmol/L

3.58mmol/L

June 24,2011

Clinical Chemistry Calcium 2.20-2.60 mmol/L

1.25mmol/L

Total Protein

60-80 g/L

45.42 g/L

Albumin

32-45 g/L

22.00 g/L

Below normal A decreased level of calcium in the blood is called hypocalcemia. Total serum calcium is lowered in conditions that decrease plasma proteins (as evidenced by below normal count on total protein below). Ref.: Saunders Nursing Guide to laboratory and Diagnostic Tests p 164 by Malerkey Decreased by amlopidine and furosemide (A Manual of Laboratory Diagnostic Tests, p1206by Fischback ) Below normal A low total serum protein value, together with low albumin value causes edema to occur (as evidenced by edema on the extremities of the patient). (Ref.: Saunders Nursing Guide to laboratory and Diagnostic Tests p 550 by Malerkey) It decreases in patients with heart failure (enlargement of the heart and prolonged immobilization ( hospital admission) Ref.: A Manual of Laboratory Diagnostic Tests, p577 by Fischback Pulmonary edema results from hypoproteinemia due to kidney or liver disease, in which serum albumin levels are low. (Ref. :Pathophysiology for the health professions p.403 by Gould) Below normal Serum albumin decreases with infection (as evidenced by below normal lymphocytes) Edema results from a low serum albumin level. (Ref.: Saunders Nursing Guide to laboratory and Diagnostic Tests p 550 by Malerkey) Normal Normal Normal Normal

Globulin A/G ratio Cholesterol Lipid Profile Triglyceride

23-35 g/L >1 3.11-5.18 mmol/L 0.52-3.57 mmol/L

23.00 g/L 1.78 3.14mmol/L 1.39mmol/L

HDL

0.91-1.68 mmol/L <3.4 mmol/L Negative

0.73 mmol/L

LDL Serology HBsAG July 6, 2011 Urinalysis Color Characteristic

1.78 mmol/L Non-reactive Absorbance reading: 0.316 Yellow Turbid

Below normal Decreased HDL levels are associated with certain drugs (antihypertensive drug, amlopidine). A Manual of Laboratory Diagnostic Tests, p424 by Fischback Normal Normal

Yellow-clear Clear to slightly hazy

Reaction (pH) Sp. Gravity Microscopic RBC WBC Crystals Epithelial Cells Bacteria

4.8-7.8 1.003-1.029 0-3/hpf 0-5/hpf Few Few Negative

6.5 1.025 2-4/hpf Over 100 /hpf Amorphous urates, few Rare Few

Normal Not normal. Urine turbidity may result from urinary tract infection. On the other hand this may be not abnormal because a change in urine pH can cause precipitation, within the bladder, of normal urinary components. A Manual of Laboratory Diagnostic Tests, p183 by Fischback Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Not normal The presence of a few bacteria suggests a UTI. Untreated bacteriauria can lead to serious kidney disease. A Manual of Laboratory Diagnostic Tests, p202 by Fischback Normal

Casts

(Occasional) 0-4 hyaline casts per low power field

None

(LPF) Chemical Sugar Protein Negative Negative Negative +1 Normal Not normal. The presence of increased amounts of protein in the urine can be an important indicator of renal disease. Proteinuria can occur in other renal disease, e.g. vascular disease (hypertension, bp of 140/90 of patient), cardiac disease (enlargement of the heart) A Manual of Laboratory Diagnostic Tests, p191,193 by Fischback Normal Normal Normal Normal Not done Normal Not normal. Urine turbidity may result from urinary tract infection. On the other hand this may be not abnormal because a change in urine pH can cause precipitation, within the bladder, of normal urinary components. A Manual of Laboratory Diagnostic Tests, p183 by Fischback Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal

June 22, 2011

Bilirubin Ketone Urobilinogen Nitrite Ascorbic Acid Urinalysis Color Characteristic

Negative Negative Negative Negative Negative Yellow-clear Clear to slightly hazy

Negative Negative Negative Negative Not Done Yellow Turbid

Reaction (pH) Sp. Gravity Microscopic RBC WBC Crystals Epithelial Cells Bacteria Casts

4.8-7.8 1.003-1.029 0-3/hpf 0-5/hpf Few Few Negative (Occasional)

6 1.025 2-4/hpf Over 100/hpf None Few None None

0-4 hyaline casts /lpf Chemical Sugar Protein Negative Negative Negative +2 Normal Not normal. The presence of increased amounts of protein in the urine can be an important indicator of renal disease. Proteinuria can occur in other renal disease, e.g. vascular disease (hypertension, bp of 140/90), cardiac disease (enlargement of the heart) A Manual of Laboratory Diagnostic Tests, p191,193 by Fischback Normal Normal Normal Normal

Bilirubin Ketone Urobilinogen Nitrite

Negative Negative Negative Negative

Negative Negative Negative Negative