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ENGLISH FOR
SPORT SCIENCE
учебное пособие для магистрантов и аспирантов
с элементами рабочей тетради
Составитель:
К. Ю. Симонова
Ю. С. Елисеева
Омск 2019
Министерство спорта Российской Федерации
Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение
высшего образования
Сибирский государственный университет физической культуры и спорта
Омск 2019
Рецензенты:
ВВЕДЕНИЕ 7
SECTION I 9
SECTION II 44
Section III 64
MY RESEARCH 64
3.7. Conference 88
Appеndix 1 105
Appendix 2 115
Appendix 3 117
Appendix 4 118
8
SECTION I
Р
азвитие науки в России и за рубежом неизбежно ставит
на повестку дня вопрос об информационном обмене
в сфере научных достижений. В условиях «информационного
взрыва» способность ориентироваться в огромном потоке
сведений и своевременно их использовать приобретает
первостепенное значение. Неслучайно поэтому умение
работать с литературой на иностранных языках является одной
из квалификационных характеристик дипломированного
специалиста, а обучение практическому применению иностранного
языка становится основным требованием вузовских программ.
Возросшее внимание к теории и практике перевода во многом
объясняется расширением международных экономических
и научно-культурных связей, а также распространением различных
форм международного сотрудничества (совместное осуществление
научных разработок, сотрудничество в области информационных
услуг, подготовка и обмен специалистами для работы в странах-
партнерах и др.). Перевод как один из видов человеческой
деятельности возникает, таким образом, из конкретной потребности
общения между людьми, не владеющими общим языком,
т.е. разделенными лингвистическим барьером.
Перевод – это особый вид языкового посредничества, которое
также включает пересказ, реферирование (сокращенный перевод),
аннотирование и др., как правило, характеризуестя отсутствием
элементов субъективной интерпретации (комментариев,
перегруппировок содержания, сокращений, добавлений и т.д.).
В условиях, когда переводом научной спортивной литературы
занимаются люди, не имеющие лингвистического образования
(студенты спортивных вузов и естественных факультетов, тренеры),
проблемы стилистико-композиционной адекватности перевода
не возникает, поскольку смысловая текстовая адекватность
9
в сочетании с терминологической точностью вполне отвечает
целям и задачам работы с такими переводами.
Под адекватностью перевода понимается соответствие
смысловых структур исходного текста (ИТ) и переводного текста
(ПТ) в сочетании с терминологической точностью основных понятий.
Текст как целое (макроструктура) – это синтез
микроструктур (форм, оборотов, конструкций), где целое
не является простым синтезом частностей. При осмыслении
целостного содержания текста переводчик имеет дело
с процессами анализа (расчленением, делением ИТ на более
простые части и выявлением логических связей между ними)
для более полного понимания структуры текста и синтеза этих
частей в ПТ.
Смысловая структура текста может различаться в зависимости
от того, с каким видом технической литературы работает переводчик.
Существуют следующие виды текстов:
• собственно научная литература (монографии, сборники, статьи
по различным проблемам);
• научно-популярная литература;
• товаросопроводительная документация;
• реклама;
• патенты.
Указанные виды текстов имеют как общие, так и специфические
особенности.
14
1.4. Интернациональные слова и
«ложные друзья» переводчика
ЗАДАНИЕ 1.
16
Словарь «Ложных друзей переводчика»
Слово Мой перевод Перевод по
словарю
accord
accurate
agitator
alley
amber
ammunition
angina
artist
ball
balloon
band
brilliant
cabinet
camera
cataract
(to) champion
chef
circulation
conductor
data
decade
decoration
Dutch
engineer
figure
film
gallant
genial
gymnasium
honor
17
instruments
intelligence
lily of the valley
(to) liquidize
list
magazine
mayor
monitor
number
officer
prospect
(to) pretend
production
professor
(to) realize
(to) rationalize
record
replica
resin
satin
spectacles
speculation
stool
tax
tender
tent
terminus
trap
trek
turkey
utilize
velvet
venerable
18
vice
vine
virtual
virtuous
Проверьте перевод слов по словарю и впишите в третью колонку
таблицы из предыдущего упражнения.
ЗАДАНИЕ 2.
ЗАДАНИЕ 3.
ЗАДАНИЕ 4.
ЗАДАНИЕ 5.
ЗАДАНИЕ 6.
ПРЕФИКСЫ
ЗАДАНИЕ 1.
ЗАДАНИЕ 2.
ЗАДАНИЕ 4.
ЗАДАНИЕ 5.
ЗАДАНИЕ 6.
ЗАДАНИЕ 7.
35
ЗАДАНИЕ 8.
ЗАДАНИЕ 9.
ЗАДАНИЕ 10.
ЗАДАНИЕ 11.
37
to vary изменять variable
to change изменять(ся) changeable
to fuse плавить fusible
to adjust приспосабливать adjustable
to move двигать movable
to break разбивать breakable
to cure вылечивать curable
to expand тянуться expansible
to achieve достигать achievable
to divide делить divisible
ЗАДАНИЕ 12.
38
ЗАДАНИЕ 13.
ЗАДАНИЕ 14.
ЗАДАНИЕ 15.
ЗАДАНИЕ 16.
40
9. athlete – athletical (атлет)
10. practice – practical (практика)
ЗАДАНИЕ 17.
ЗАДАНИЕ 18.
41
1. extramolecular a) intra- b) inter-
ЗАДАНИЕ 19.
Сложные термины.
Translate from English into Russian compound terms:
sportsman, warm-up, puck-handler, backhand, high-sticking, butt-
ending, mountaineering, aerobics, baseball, wrestling, ten-pin bowling,
windsurfing, canoeing, inline skating или rollerblading, weightlifting,
skateboarding, snowboarding, penalty spot, to kick the ball, to head the
ball, linesman, swimming pool, cricket ground.
ЗАДАНИЕ 20.
Терминологическая конверсия
Find in the dictionary rows of terms, belonging to various parts
of speech
42
ЗАДАНИЕ 21.
Аббревиация.
Translate the following abbreviated terms.
B/E < Bill of Exchange;
L/C < Letter of Credit;
GNP < Gross National Product;
ASA < American Standards Association;
BSS < British Standard Specifications;
f.c. < football club;
UEFA < United European Football Assosiations;
FT < free transfer;
CAM < Central attacking midfielder;
FGA < Field Goals Attempts;
FTSARR < «Federation of dance sports and acrobatic rock and roll».
ЗАДАНИЕ 22.
44
SECTION II
UNIT 1.
1. Прочитайте текст
Pure and Applied Science
AS students of science you are probably sometimes puzzled by
the terms “pure” and “applied” science. Are these two totally different
activities, having little or no interconnection? Let us begin by examining
what is done by each.
Pure science is primarily concerned with the development of theories
(or, as they are frequently called, models establishing relationships
between the phenomena of the universe. When they are sufficiently
validated these theories (hypotheses, models) become the working
laws or principles of science. In carrying out this work, the pure scientist
usually disregards its application to practical affairs, confining his
attention to explanations of how and why events occur.
UNIT 2.
1. Прочитайте текст
Sports Science and Technology
The discipline of sports science in medicine and technology is a
combination of biomechanics, kinesiology, and anatomy. Within these
parts, sports science dates back to Aristotle and Archimedes, when
sport was an integral part of Roman and Greek life and inspired a
fascination with the mechanics of the human body. By the twentieth
century, sports science also began to include varying disciplines such
as engineering, polymer science, psychology, and psychiatry, and
performance-enhancing pharmaceuticals inspired by high-stakes
competition. Today, the business of sports equipment – from running
shoes to stair machines – is a multibillion dollar industry based on
the continuing evolution of sports science. As a regular to Gladiator
competitions and a physician to the athletes, the second century AD
Greek Galen laid out the basic motor functions of the human body. He
identified the processes of muscle contraction and the influence of the
mind – or ‘‘animal spirits’’ as he called it – on the performance of the
body. Isaac Newton’s basic theories of scientific reasoning, specifically
the study of modern dynamics, laid the groundwork for understanding
the relationship between forces and their effects, based on his laws of
rest and movement published in Principia Mathematica Philosophiae
Naturalis. Not until Leonardo da Vinci studied the structure of the
full human body were the specific mechanics necessary for simple
movements grasped – from walking and sitting to jumping and sprinting.
From that time, interested physicians, engineers, and scientists have
46
pursued elements of biomechanics and kinesiology.
UNIT 3.
UNIT 4.
10. Read the whole text again. Write an abstract of the text in three
sentences.
……………………………...................................................................
...............…………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
…………........................................................................…………
……………………………………………………………………………
UNIT 5.
UNIT 6.
57
.............................................................................…………………
……………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………….
2) Why do we say that a successful scientist is full of curiosity?
.............................................................................…………………
……………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………….
3) Why is it difficult to see the underlying relationships?
.............................................................................…………………
……………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………….
4) Why is he critical of his own work?
.............................................................................…………………
……………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………….
5) Why is it necessary for him to be highly imaginative?
.............................................................................…………………
……………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………….
6) Give a Russian equivalent
Scientific Attitude –
………………………………………………………………
the data analyzed –
………………………………………………………………
the data to be analyzed –
……………………………………………………………...
UNIT 7.
UNIT 8.
UNIT 9.
65
Section III
MY RESEARCH
68
.................................................…………………………………
to contribute to/to make a contribution to –
.................................................…………………………………
to influence/to affect / to have an effect on/upon –
.................................................…………………………………
to study/to make studies/to investigate/to explore –
.................................................…………………………………
to put forward an idea –
.................................................…………………………………
to suggest an idea/a theory/a hypothesis –
.................................................…………………………………
to advance/to develop/to modify a theory –
.................................................…………………………………
to predict/to forecast/to foresee –
.................................................…………………………………
to accumulate knowledge –
.................................................…………………………………
field of science/research –
.................................................…………………………………
a new area of research –
.................................................…………………………………
current branch/field of research –
.................................................…………………………………
latest/recent achievements/ developments/advances –
.................................................…………………………………
a(an) outstanding/prominent/world-known scientist/researcher –
.................................................…………………………………
to do/to carry on/to carry out/to conduct research –
69
.................................................…………………………………
to contribute to/to make a contribution to –
.................................................…………………………………
to influence/to affect / to have an effect on/upon –
.................................................…………………………………
to study/to make studies/to investigate/to explore –
.................................................…………………………………
to put forward an idea –
.................................................…………………………………
to suggest an idea/a theory/a hypothesis –
.................................................…………………………………
to advance/to develop/to modify a theory –
.................................................…………………………………
to predict/to forecast/to foresee –
.................................................…………………………………
to accumulate knowledge –
.................................................…………………………………
field of science/research –
.................................................…………………………………
a new area of research –
.................................................…………………………………
current branch/field of research –
.................................................…………………………………
latest/recent achievements/developments/advances –
.................................................…………………………………
a(an) outstanding/prominent/world-known scientist/researcher –
.................................................…………………………………
Tasks
70
1. Answer the questions, using the active vocabulary:
1. What is your field of science/research?
.............................................................................……………………
……………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………..
2. What are the current issues in your field of science/research?
.............................................................................……………………
……………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………..
3. Have new areas of research appeared in recent years?
.............................................................................……………………
……………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………..
4. What is your particular area of research?
.............................................................................……………………
……………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………..
5. What are the latest achievements in your field of science/
research?
.............................................................................……………………
……………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………..
6. Have many fundamental discoveries been made in your field of
science/research?
.............................................................................……………………
……………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………..
7. Can you name some outstanding researchers in your field of
science? What contribution have they made?
.............................................................................……………………
……………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………..
8. Do achievements in your branch of science/research influence
71
everyday life? In what way?
.............................................................................……………………
……………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………..
9. What further developments can you predict in your field of science/
research?
.............................................................................……………………
……………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………..
72
……………………………………………………………………………….
75
8. Is there much literature available on your research problem?
……………………………………………………………………………….
9. Is your research problem described comprehensively/ thoroughly/
extensively in literature?
……………………………………………………………………………….
10. Is the problem only outlined or mentioned in passing?
……………………………………………………………………………….
11. What are the main aspects of the problem that have been
considered?
……………………………………………………………………………….
to stimulate interest in
……………………………………………………………………………….
to add greatly to our knowledge of
……………………………………………………………………………….
tо lay the foundation for
……………………………………………………………………………….
80
3. During the last 20 years interest in ………………….. has
considerably …………………………………………………………
…………………………...................................................................
4. X. was the first to ……………….... the problem of.........................
.......................................................................................................
5. The first studies/ observations/ experiments ………………………
…........................................................................................……....
6. At present, research is concentrated on .....................................
.......................................................................................................
7. Many aspects of the problem still remain ................................
..................................................................................................
8. It is difficult to point out …………................ and ……………….............
of the problem ………………………………………………......…
………………............................................................................
4. Work in pairs Ask for and give information about your current
research, namely its purpose and the methods you employ. Make
notes if needed.
…………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………
…………………………................................................................
..............................................................................................…..
85
5. Act out the situation
Two students/colleagues meet at a conference. They talk about their
current research, expressing interest in its purpose, and describe the
methods used.
………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………................................................................
..............................................................………………………………..
3.7. Conference
92
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
…………………….............................................................................
8. What problem did it deal with?
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
…………………….............................................................................
9. Did you read/present a paper at the conference?
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
…………………….............................................................................
10. Were you given the floor?
……………………………………………………………………………….
11. Was the time limit fixed?
……………………………………………………………………………….
12. Did you find your English sufficient/adequate to participate in the
international conference?
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
…………………….............................................................................
13. Do you think you have a good/poor knowledge of English?
……………………………………………………………………………….
14. Did you find the speaker’s English hard to follow?
……………………………………………………………………………….
15. Why is it necessary/important for a scientist to know foreign
languages?
……………………………………………………………………………….
Introducing a speaker
I have the great pleasure to introduce
……………………………………………
Now I’d like to call upon ………..... who is going to speak about/ on
…………..
And now I ask ……….. to make his contribution on ..........................
.................
Now I’m giving the floor to …………. who will speak about/ on
……………...
Stimulating a discussion
Please feel free to ask questions and make comments.
Any questions or comments?
Are there any questions on X’s paper?
96
Does anyone want to put questions to ……………………….?
Any other questions?
Do you have questions to ask?
Who would like to comment on X’s paper?
Does anyone else want to ask a question or make a comment?
Are there any comments on the paper?
Are there any more comments?
There are no more questions ... Thank you.
Ending a meeting
I’d like to thank you all for a stimulating discussion.
Well, I think that covers everything.
All the topics seem to have been exhausted.
I think it’s time we close the discussion.
Our time is up. The discussion is closed.
I declare the session closed.
I think we have done a good job. Thank you all.
99
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
…………………….............................................................................
5. Which ones do you always follow?
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
…………………….............................................................................
100
Speech Patterns for the According to this theory...
Body of the Paper After this, I need/ it remains only to say that...
Again, I want to emphasize that...
It should be emphasized that...
It should be pointed out that...
Let me give you my explanation of...
Let me now turn to...
Let us consider what happens if...
Let us have a closer look at...
Let us imagine that...
Let us suppose that...
Now I come to...
On the contrary...
On the one hand ..., on the other hand...
Primarily...
This is indeed the case when...
This in turn implies...
This is particularly true for...
Closing Paper Speech Since I am running out of time..
Patterns As my time is running out...
Before I close I would like to emphasize the importance
of...
Finally, I want to say a few words about...
I end this paper with a description of...
I leave it to you to judge...
In closing, I want to mention very briefly...
In conclusion, let me say...
In conclusion, may I repeat..?
Summing up, I would like to....
The last part of my talk will be devoted to...
To all this must be added that...
101
Formulas of Scientific Communication
Establishing contacts I’m glad you’ve asked me that question
Agreeing Yes, indeed.
I think you are entirely right.
It appears to me to be true.
I agree that....
That’s just what I think.
Disagreeing I am arguing against....
I would object just a little....
I object to....
I wish I could agree with you but....
Expressing surprise It is rather surprising....
It is unbelievable....
I am puzzled by....
I wonder about... .
I find it hard to believe that...
Expressing uncertainty It seems unlikely that....
I have doubts about....
I am not at all sure about....
I am not yet certain....
I am doubtful whether....
I have been rather puzzled by....
I doubt it.
Making contribution In connection with ... I would like to add....
Let me add that... .
In addition. I would like to mention ....
I would add that....
Calling attention I want to point out that....
I would like to note ....
I would like to stress the importance of... .
It is worth pointing out that....
I would like to draw your attention to .. .
I would like to call attention to ....
102
Making assessment The paper raises an important question This method is
particularly important because ....
The paper demonstrates how important it is to....
These results/data are of principal interest.
Starting a conversation As far as I know ....
What I have in mind is that....
Making remarks I’d like to make a comment on ....
I would like to comment on ....
I have a point to make.
Provoking arguments Would you agree with ... ?
There seems to be some contradiction between your
points of view. Does that mean you think ... ?
Asking for details Could you be more specific about... ?
classification I am not clear about....
Could you give us/me some more facts to back that up,
please?
Introducing opinions/ Well, I’d like to say that...
attitudes What I think is ... .
Delaying an answer Well, let me see ... .
Well, now....
That’s a good question ....
Oh, let me think for a moment
It is rather difficult to answer this question ....
It’s difficult to give you an exact answer, but....
I’m not too sure, but... .
I’ve no idea, I’m afraid.
Avoiding answering I have no particular theory for this fact, but....
I’m terribly sorry, I really don’t know.
Actually, I don’t know ....
I’d rather not answer that, if you don’t mind.
104
Контрольные вопросы итоговой аттестации
по иностранному языку
106
Appеndix 1
Appendix 2
118
clud/ clus закрывать conclude, exclude,
include
cres/ cret рост increase
cur бег, движение occur, course
dict говорить; речь contradict, predict
due вести, проводить conduct, induce,
produce, introduce
fec/ fac делать facility, affect,
perfect, factor
fer нести; движение differ, refer, transfer,
prefer, offer
fin конец confine, final, infinite
ject бросать reject, inject,
eject, object
lat перенос relate, translate
lect собирать collect, select,
neglect
lid/ lis удар collide, collision
magn большой magnify, magnitude
mit/ mis посылать permit, admission
pend/ pens весить; вес compensate, depend,
suspension
pli складывать apply, imply
pon/ pos класть, ставить compose, expose,
component,
oppose, propose
press давление pressure, impression,
expression
put думать compute, dispute
sist стоять consist, resist, assist
spec смотреть inspection, prospect
stat стоять state, static, station
str строить construct, destroy,
destruction
119
strict сжимать restrict, district
sum брать assume, presume
tend/ tens протяжение extend, tend,
extention
tain держать attain, contain, detain,
maintain, retain
tect покрывать detect, protect
tract тянуть attract, extract,
subtract
vid/ vis видеть visual
vers/ vert поворачивать convert, reverse
volv/ volu вращать, вить involve, evolve,
revolve, revolution
120
Appendix 3
Форма Значение
аb удаление
ас/о, ad, af/ f, ag/ g, al/ 1 приближение, добавление
ap/ p, аr/ r, as/ s, at/ t
ex, e, ef/ f удаление, лишение; движение
наружу
col/ 1, com/ m, con, cor/ r вместе с; усиление
ob, oc/ c, op/ p, per по направлению к; напротив
per переворот; через
pro вперед; будущее
121
Appendix 4
125
Библиографический список