IntroductiontotheInternet

LevelsI&II
Justaspeoplecantalktoeachotherbytelephone,computerscantalkto othercomputersoveranetwork.TheInternetisthelargestcomputer networkintheworld.TheInternetoffersvariousservices,butthetwo mostpopularservicesareEmailandtheWorldWideWeb.

Contents
Level1.................................................................................................................................1 SigningintoLibraryComputers..........................................................................................2 BasicInternetVocabulary...................................................................................................2 NavigatingtheInternet.......................................................................................................4 ExerciseIOpening&UnderstandingtheBrowser.........................................................4 ExerciseIITypinginaNewWebsite...............................................................................8 ExerciseIIIPerformingaSearchwithYahoo..................................................................8 UsingGoogle.......................................................................................................................9 ExerciseISearchingforNewspapers..............................................................................9 ExerciseIIMaps............................................................................................................10 ExerciseIIIImageSearch..............................................................................................10 Level2...............................................................................................................................11 FunandHelpfulWebsites.................................................................................................11 Printing..............................................................................................................................12 Blogs..................................................................................................................................14 InternetSecurity...............................................................................................................14 ExerciseIProtectingYourComputer ...........................................................................15 . ExerciseIISafeCommunication...................................................................................15

Level1
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SigningintoLibraryComputers
KingCountyLibrarySystemprovidescomputersforpublicuseforactivities suchassurfingtheweb,requestinglibrarymaterials,communicatingby email,andperformingwordprocessing. Computeruseinthelibrarydoesrequirealibrarycard.Forpersonaluse, signinusingyourlibrarycardbarcodeandPIN(personalidentification number). Inacomputerclass,usethefollowingcodes: 627837 1212 Makesuretousenumeralkeyswhentypingthenumbers.Thatis,dontuse theletterowhenyouwantazero(0)anddontusetheletterlwhenyou wantanumeralone(1). DontpressEnteraftertypingthefirstcode.Togettothesecondbox, eitherclickthemouseintheboxorpresstheTabkey.Alsonotethatyou cantreadthepasswordasyoutypeitinthesecondbox.Youseeasterisks (****)onthescreensosomeonereadingoveryourshouldercantsee whatyoutyped.Afteryouhavefilledinbothboxes,clickOKorpressthe Enterkeytomovetothenextstep.

BasicInternetVocabulary

BrowserAbrowserisasoftwareprogramthatallowsyoutoviewand navigatethroughInternetpages.InternetExplorerandMozillaFirefoxare popularexamplesandsomeInternetServiceProvidersoffertheirown browsers(e.g.,AOL). EmailElectronicmail.

InternetServiceProvider(ISP)IfyouwanttoaccesstheInternetfrom homeyoumusthaveanISP.AnISPisanInternetServiceProvider,a
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companythatyoupaytoprovideyouwithaconnectiontotheInternet. AOL,NetZero,Comcast,andVerizonareallexamplesofISPs.Theyprovide youwithproprietarysoftwaretodownloadtoyourcomputerandthenthey allowyouawaytoaccesstotheInternet.Allmoderncomputersalready havethesoftwarenecessarytoaccesstheInternet.Ifyouwouldlikealist ofInternetServiceProvidersyoucanvisitwww.thelist.comorlookinthe yellowpagesunderInternet. ThereareseveralwaystoconnecttotheInternet.Allrequireamodem: Dialupconnectionusesastandardphoneline.Thisistheslowest connection.Itisalsotheeasiestbecauseitdoesntrequire installationofexpensiveserviceslikeDSL. DSLaDigitalServiceLoopconnectsyourcomputertotheInternet viaafastermethodofdialup. Cablecablecompaniesoftenofferhighspeedaccessalongwith cableTV.CableInternetisasharedconnectiontotheInternetwith therestofyourneighborhood.ThemorepeoplethathaveCable Internet,themorepotentialforsloweraccess. Wireless/WiFiusesareceivertoconnectyourcomputertothe Internetwithoutanywires.Amongotherplaces,libraries,some hotelsandcoffeeshops,andmostferriesofferwirelessaccessto peoplewhowishtobringintheirlaptopcomputers. LinkShortforhyperlink,whichisareferenceornavigationelement withinadocumentorwebpagethatleadsyoutoanotherdocument (visualizelinksonachainconnectingeachother). SearchEngineAprogramthatindexesmillionsofwebsitestohelpusers findrelevantinformationbysearchingwithkeywordsorphrases.Popular searchenginesincludeAsk,Google,Yahoo,Bing,andDogpile. WebpageAsingledocumentfoundwithinawebsite.Justlikeabookwith pages,awebsitehaswebpages.
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 WebsiteaddressesYoumaytypeinawebsiteaddresstosearchthe Internet.Likeyourhomeaddress,aWebsiteaddressisunique.For example,justasthereisonlyone440088thAveSEMercerIsland,WA 98040,justasthereisonlyonewww.google.com. WorldWideWebAsystemofinterlinkedhypertextdocumentsaccessed viatheInternet.

NavigatingtheInternet

ExerciseIOpening&UnderstandingtheBrowser

Onahomecomputer,youusuallystartthebrowser(programfor connectingtotheInternet)byclickingordoubleclickinganicononthe desktoportaskbar,orbyopeningtheStartMenuandchoosingPrograms andthenchoosingInternetExplorer(orotherbrowser).InaKCLSlibrary, youmustloginwithalibrarycardorcomputerclasscode,andchoose InternetExplorerfromthelistofprogramsintheLibrariesOnlineprogram. ThefollowingexercisesstartfromtheKCLShomepage.Ifyouareinthe library,thebrowserautomaticallybeginsonthatpage.Ifyouaredoing theseexercisesfromhome,youwillneedtotypewww.kcls.orginthe addressboxandthenpresstheEnterkey.

TheWorldWideWebcanbethoughtofasaformofpublishing.Insteadof publishingdocumentsinabook,magazine,ornewspaper,theweb publishesdocumentsonacomputerscreen.Computersthatpublish

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informationareknowsasserversandwebdocumentsareknownasweb pages. AnatomyofaWebsiteaddress Lookingatthewebsiteaddresscangiveyoumanycluesastothetypeof websiteyoumightbevisiting.Forexample,www.kcls.orgistheWebsite forKingCountyLibrarySystem,anonprofitorganization. .comacommercialwebsite .net anetworkwebsite(canalsobeacommercialsite) .gov agovernmentwebsite .org anonprofitorganizationwebsite .mil amilitarywebsite .edu aneducationalwebsitefromaschooloruniversity Thehttp://partindicatesthatyouaredealingwithwebpagesinsteadof otherInternetservices(usuallyyoudonthavetotypeit).Httpstandsfor HypertextTransferProtocol.ThewwwindicatesWorldWideWeb.The kclsistheorganizationoperatingtheserver,andtheorgoften(thoughnot always)indicatesanonprofitorganization. Eachwebdocumentisknownasawebpage.Oftenyoucantseethe wholepageatonetimeonyourscreen.Scrollingletsyoumoveupand downtoseetherestofyourpage.

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Scrollingallowsyoutoseepartsofyour documentthatmaybeoffthescreen. Thescrollbarresemblesandelevator shaftontherightsideofyourscreen, withthescrollboxasanelevatorinside thescrollbar.

Scrolluppointat arrow&leftclick tomoveup

Scrollbarhold downleftclick andguide mouseupor down

Scrolldownpointat arrow&leftclickto movedown Pageup/Pagedownleftclickon arrowtomoveupordownin biggerjumps

Youcanalsogettoanotherwebpagebyclickingalink(indicatedwiththe mousebyapointinghand).Forexample,underUsingtheLibrary,clickthe LocationsandHourslinktoseeamapofthelibraries.Clickonalibrary nameonthemapforotheroptions,suchashoursanddrivingdirections. TIP:Thismanualiswrittenfor InternetExplorer7,butthe conceptscanbeappliedtoother versionsandbrowsers.Tofind outwhichversionandbrowser youareusing,clickHelponthe menubarandselectAbout InternetExplorer.
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The title bar appears at the top of the browser (in blue), displaying the nameoftheprogramandthenameofthecurrentwebpage. Belowthetitlebar,youwillfindtheaddressbox.Thisiswherewebsite addressescanbytyped.Justleftclickonetimeinsidethelongboxand pressbackspacetodeletethecurrentaddress.Whenyouseetheflashing cursoryoucantypethere.Oncetheaddressisentered,hittheenterkeyon thekeyboard.

Menusappearbelowtheaddressline.Eachmenuprovidesalistof commandstomodifythebrowsersoperation. Tool buttons appear in various places. Some buttons are dim, indicatingthebuttonsarenotavailablebecausetheconditions arenotrightforthemtooperate.Onyourscreen,itspossible that the Back button is dim. If so, why do you think its not available for clicking?Sometimesyougetasfarasyouwantbyclickinglinksandwantto returntothepageyoustartedfrom.ClicktheBackbuttonasmanytimesas it takes to get back to the King County Library System home page where youbegan. Tofindoutwhatatoolbuttondoes,youcanplaceyourmousecursor (withoutclickinganybuttons)andletithoveroveraparticularbutton.Ina matterofseconds,asmalltextboxwillappeartellingyouthefunctionof thebutton.
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ExerciseIITypinginaNewWebsite Youcanvisitawebsitebytypingtheaddress.Forexample,youcanread manynewspapersonline.TheSeattlePIisavailableinonlineformatonly. Toviewthepaper,beginbyclickingtheaddresslinenearthetopofthe screen.Theaddressturnsdarktoindicateithasbeenselected,oncethe currentaddressisselected(orhighlighted),youcantypeoverit.Now,type www.seattlepi.comandthenpressenter.Ifyoudontknowanaddress, youcanuseasearchenginelikeGoogleorYahoo. ClickontheViewmenu.SlidethemousepointerdownoverthewordsText Size.Abluebarleadstoasubmenudisplayingachoiceoftextsizes.Think ofthebluebarasabridge.Slideyourmousealongthebluebartochoosea newsize.Becarefultokeepyourmousesteadyonthebluebar.(Youdont wanttofalloffthebridge!)Adjustthetextsizeuntilyoufindthesizemost comfortableforyoutoread(thismaynothelpforeverywebsite). Textsizecanalsosometimesbechangedinthebottom,right cornerneartheclock. OnceyouhavereachedtheSeattlePI website,notethesubjectsnearthe top(e.g.,Local,US/World,Sports). Manynewspapershaveasimilar setup.FindtheRealEstatepagesby clickingLocal. ExerciseIIIPerformingaSearchwithYahoo SearchengineslikeYahooandGooglecanhelpyoufindwebsiteswhenyou dontknowtheaddress.Clickontheaddressboxsothatitisselectedand typewww.yahoo.comthenpressenter.Inthesearchbox,typeSeattle MarinersandpressenterorclicktheWebSearchbox.Theresultsinblue

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arelinksthatyoucanclick,butyoumaynoticethatthefirstoftheresults aresponsorresults.SkipthoseandtrytofindtheMarinershomepage.

Title(in blue)click hereto entersite Description (inblack)

Web address(in green)not alink

Sponsor results most often trying tosell you stuff

UsingGoogle
Google,muchlikeYahoo,isanothersearchenginethatisusedasatoolfor findingresourcesontheWorldWideWeb.Googlescanswebpagestofind instancesofthekeywordsyouhaveenteredinthesearchbox.Itisalsothe mostpopularsearchengineandindexesthemostwebpages,whichmeans youwillgetmoreresultswhenyouperformasearch. ExerciseISearchingforNewspapers Gotowww.google.comandtrytofindotheronlinenewspapers(e.g.New YorkTimesorWallStreetJournal).Onceyouhaveenteredakeywordor words,clickonGoogleSearchtofindyourresults.Googlealsooffersthe

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ImFeelingLuckyoptionthatautomaticallytakesyoutothewebsiteit thinksyouwantwithoutreturningalistofresults.

ExerciseIIMaps TherearemanydifferentmapservicesavailableontheInternet,including MapQuest,YahooMaps,andGoogleMaps.Returntothegoogle.com homepage.ClickontheMapslinkatthetopleftcorner,justunderthe menusandclickGetDirections.

Enterthestart address

Enteryour destination(end address)

Clickfor results

TIP:YoucansearchfordirectionsBycar,Bypublictransit,orBy walking.

ExerciseIIIImageSearch Googlecanalsobeusedtosearchfor images.ReturntotheGooglehome page.ClickontheImageslinkatthe topleftcorner(totheleftofMaps).In thesearchbox,typepuggleasasamplesearchandclicktheSearch Imagesbox. Toviewtheimagesinfullsize,clickthethumbnailoftheimageandthen thelinkthatsaysSeefullsizeimage.

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Level2
ReviewVocabularyandAnatomyofWebsiteAddressfromprevious sections.

FunandHelpfulWebsites
Nowwewillexplorevariouswebsitestopracticenavigationskills. NationalWeatherServicewww.weather.gov Thiswebsiteisthestartingpointforofficialgovernmentweatherforecasts, warnings,andmeteorologicalproductsforforecastingtheweather,and informationaboutmeteorologyacrossthecountry.Entercity,stateand clickGobutton.Ifmorethanonematchisfound,choosetheappropriate link(highlightedinblue)tonarrowyoursearch. CNETwww.cnet.com CNEToffersreviewsandadvicethatcanhelpyoudecidewhattechnology tobuyandhowtogetthemostforyourmoney. Wikipediawww.wikipedia.org AccordingtotheWikipediaintroductionpage:Wikipediaisan encyclopediacollaborativelywrittenbymanyofitsreaders.Itisaspecial typeofwebsite,calledawiki,whichmakescollaborationeasy.Manypeople areconstantlyimprovingWikipedia,makingthousandsofchangesanhour, allofwhicharerecordedonarticlehistoriesandrecentchanges. Inappropriatechangesareusuallyremovedquickly,andrepeatoffenders canbeblockedfromediting.IfyouaddnewmaterialtoWikipedia,please providereferences.Factsthatareunreferencedareroutinelyremovedfrom theencyclopedia. Ifyouwanttofindbasicinformationaboutsomething,Wikipediaisagreat placetostart.Themainpagehasanewfeaturedarticleeachdayandalist ofcurrentnewsitems.Thereisasearchboxthatallowsyoutotypeinyour itemofinterest.Inthesearchbox,typeOlympicgames,thenclickGoto seetheentry.
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 Craigslistwww.craigslist.org Craigslistisamostlyfree,communitymoderatedserviceofclassifiedadsin over500cities.Tolookorpostadsinyourarea,clickthelinkforyourcity andyouwillbetakentoyourlocalCraigslist. YouTubewww.youtube.com YouTubeisavideosharingwebsitewhereuserscanuploadtheirown videosand/orviewvideospostedbyothers.Tofindvideos,performa keywordsearchandexaminetheresults.

Eachvideohasaplaybutton toclickon(alsopauses) Volume Viewinfullscreen

5.

Printing
First,gotowww.seattletimes.comandopenanarticlebyclickingonthe headline. PrintingfromtheInternetcanbedifficult,buttherearemanywaysyoucan avoidprintingunnecessarypages:
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Usetheprinter friendlybutton(foundon somewebpages) Or,Highlightandusetheprintselectionfunction 1. Highlight(orselect)thetextyouwantbydraggingthemouse acrosstheinformationwhileholdingdowntheleftmouse button 2. GotoFileandchoosePrint

3. ClicktheSelectionboxandPrint
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 Or,CopyandpastetoMicrosoftWord,thenprint

Blogs
Ablog,shortforweblog,isawebsitewithrunningcommentaryandentries publishedbyindividualsorgroups.TherearemanyblogsontheInternet somearepublishedbycorporationsornewsgroups,somearewrittenby individuals,music,media,andmoviecriticsandmore.Atypicalbloghas entriesthatarearrangedwiththemostrecentonesfirst.Tobetter understandblogs,wewilllookatafewinclass: KCLSLibraryTalkwww.blogs.kcls.org/librarytalk Notethecategoriesontheleftsideof thescreen.Youcanclicktheselinksto lookatdifferententries.Manyblogs willhaveasimilarfeature;somewillbe listedbymonthoryear. DigginFood www.digginfood.com WordPress www.wordpress.com Usethesearchboxtolookforblogs youmightbeinterestedin!Youcan alsocreateafreeaccountandcreate yourownblogusingWordPress(the stepstocreateablogwillnotbecoveredinthisclass).

InternetSecurity
Onlinecommunicationoffersbenefitsbutalsocreatesproblemsinareas suchasprivacy,security,andchildsafety.Thissectiondiscussessomeof
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thehazardsandinconveniencesoftheInternetandsomeprecautionsyou cantaketoprotectyourself. ExerciseIProtectingYourComputer

UsingemailandtheWorldWideWebexposesyourcomputertohazards suchasviruses.Avirusisadestructiveprogramthatcandamageyour computersoperationandinformation.Virusesmostcommonlyarrivefrom downloadedsoftwareorfromemailattachments.Downloadingmeans transferringaprogramfromanothercomputertoyourown.Emailusually arrivesintheformofplaintext(whichcantcontainavirus),butprograms canbeattachedtothetextandsuchattachmentscancarryviruses.Viruses canalsoarrivefromputtinganinfecteddiskintoyourcomputer. ItsagoodideaforanyoneusingtheInternetathometopurchaseand installantivirussoftwareforhisorhercomputer.Herearesomepopular brands: McAfee:www.mcafee.com NortonAntivirus:www.symantec.com AVGSoftware:www.grisoft.com Zone Alarm Free Basic Firewall: www.zonelabs.com

ExerciseIISafeCommunication

WhenyoucommunicateovertheInternet,itsimportanttoprotectthe securityofvitalinformationsuchassocialsecuritynumbersorcreditcard numbers.Tobeginwith,onlysendsuchinformationwhenyouhaveagood reasontodosotoanorganizationyouknow.Second,onlysendsuch informationwhenusinganencryptedconnection.Encryptedmeansthe informationtransferringfromyourcomputertotheserverisencodedina waythatonlytheservercandecodeandunderstand.

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IfyouaresendingvitalinformationovertheInternet,makesurethatthe serverisusingsecureservertechnology.Thismeansthattheinformationis sentinencrypted(secretcode)form. Herearetwoindicatorstowatchfor:firstnotetheextraswhen, theURLshows:https.Second,ifyouareusingInternetExploreras yourbrowser,alockappearsontherightoftheaddressoratthe statusbarnearthebottomofyourscreen. Toseeanexampleofwhatasecuresitelookslike,gobacktowww.kcls.org andclickLOGINTOYOURACCOUNT.

***Practice and Have Fun!!!***

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