Chapter All Ob Key Term

Chapter 1 Key Terms
Analysis the interpretation of a variety of data to recognize the commonalities differences and interrelationships among present ideas the act of putting knowledge to use in a new situation understanding the meaning translation and interpretation of instructions and problems the recall of information Click here to go to the top of the page
Application Comprehension Knowledge
Chapter 2 Key Terms

Client a person who engages the advice or services of someone who is qualified to provide the service an individual a group of people or a community that uses a service or commodity the highly individualized response a person has to a disease the National Council Licensure Examination for Practical Nursing which a nurse must take in order to practice as an LPN or LVN
Consumer Illness NCLEX-PN
laws in each state instrumental in defining the scope of nursing Nurse practice acts practice to protect public health safety and welfare a person who is waiting for or undergoing medical treatment and care a vocation requiring knowledge of some department of learning or science a state of well-being; engaging in attitudes and behaviors that enhance the quality of life and maximize personal potential Click here to go to the top of the page
Patient
Profession
Wellness
Chapter 3 Key Terms

Acculturation Biocultural ecology Cultural awareness the modification of a group's or individual's culture as a result of contact with another group the assessment of skin color and biologic variations knowledge about the similarities and differences among cultures a set of skills knowledge and attitudes that must encompass the following elements: (1) awareness and acceptance of cultural differences (2) awareness of one's own cultural values (3) understanding of the dynamics of difference (4) development of cultural knowledge and (5) ability to adapt practice skills to fit the cultural context of the client the intellectual identification with or vicarious experiencing of the feelings thoughts or attitudes of another culture
Cultural competence
Cultural empathy
an awareness of the needs and feelings of your own and others' Cultural sensitivity cultures unfair and unequal treatment or access to services based on race culture or other bias elements that describe a variable in scientific research interpretation of the beliefs and behaviors of others from the perspective of one's own cultural values and traditions the exchange of messages by members of two or more cultures that is influenced by their different cultural perceptions prejudgment or bias based on characteristics such as race age or gender physical separation of housing and services based on race oversimplified conceptions opinions or beliefs about some aspect of a group of people Click here to go to the top of the page
Discrimination
Domains Ethnocentrism Intercultural communication Prejudice Segregation
Stereotypes
Chapter 4 Key Terms

Advocate Arbitration Assault Attitudes Autonomy one who expresses and defends the cause of another an agreement negotiated by a designated impartial person an attempt or threat to touch another person unjustifiably mental positions or feelings toward a person object or idea (e.g. acceptance compassion openness) the right and ability to make one's own decisions the willful touching of a person (including the person's clothes or even something the person is carrying) that may or may not cause harm something believed or accepted as true especially a particular tenet or a body of tenets accepted by a group of persons the ethics and philosophical implications of certain biological and medical procedures technologies and treatments a formal statement of nursing's ideals and values the way in which the nursing profession maintains standards of practice and accountability for the educational preparation of its members an act committed in violation of public (criminal) law and punishable by a fine or imprisonment communication that is false or made with a careless disregard for the truth and that results in injury to the reputation of a person (1) a method of inquiry that helps people to understand the morality of human behavior (i.e. the study of morality) (2) the practices or beliefs of a certain group (e.g. medical ethics nursing ethics) and (3) the expected standards of moral behavior of a particular group as described in the group's formal code of professional ethics
Battery
Beliefs
Bioethics Code of ethics
Credentialing
Crime
Defamation
Ethics
unlawful restraint or detention of another person against his or her False imprisonment wishes Impaired nurse a nurse whose practice has been negatively affected because of
chemical abuse specifically the use of alcohol and drugs a direct wrong of a personal nature that injures the feelings of the person and does not take into account the effect of revealed Invasion of privacy information on the standing of the person in the community those rules made by humans that regulate social conduct in a formally prescribed and legally binding manner being legally responsible for one's acts and omissions defamation by means of print writing or pictures negligence that occurred while a person was performing as a professional misconduct or practice that is below the standard expected of an ordinary reasonable and prudent practitioner which places another person at risk for harm a document developed by the board of nursing that governs practice within each state a violation of the individual's rights and a form of discrimination defamation by the spoken word stating information or false words that can cause damage to a person's reputation a limit to the amount of time that can pass between recognition of harm and the bringing of a suit a civil wrong committed against a person or a person's property freely chosen enduring beliefs or attitudes about the worth of a person object idea or action Click here to go to the top of the page
Law Liability Libel Malpractice
Negligence
Scope of practice Sexual harassment Slander
Statute of limitations Tort
Values
Chapter 5 Key Terms

Critical thinking Deductive reasoning the art of thinking about thinking; examining thought processes in order to achieve goals broaden understanding and do problem solving a process of moving logically from a general statement or concept
to related specifics Environments Inductive reasoning Objective data Subjective data Theories circumstances objects or conditions by which one is surrounded a process of forming generalizations from individual pieces of data information detectable by an observer information apparent only to the person being affected ways of looking at a discipline such as nursing in clear explicit terms that can be communicated to others Click here to go to the top of the page
Chapter 6 Key Terms

Assessment Care plan Collaborative interventions the systematic collection organization validation (proving or supporting) and documentation of data product of the planning phase of the nursing process nursing activities that reflect the overlapping responsibilities among healthcare personnel all information known about the client from the nursing assessment physician's history and the family; it is used to gauge changes in client status activities carried out under the physician's orders or supervision or according to specified routines the broader goals of a client in relation to a nursing diagnosis (such as "The client will have adequate gas exchange.") analyzing and synthesizing data in order to provide a statement of condition or need a planned ongoing purposeful activity in which client and healthcare professionals determine the client's progress toward goal achievement and the effectiveness of the nursing care plan a systematic data collection method the particular aspects of a desired outcome for a client (such as
Database
Dependent interventions Desired/expected outcomes Diagnosing
Evaluation
Examination Goals
"The client will increase use of the incentive spirometer by 30 seconds at each use.") phase of the nursing process in which selected nursing interventions and activities occur activities that nurses are licensed to do on the basis of their knowledge and skills the actions initiated by the nurse to achieve client goals a planned communication or a conversation with a purpose signs and symptoms a statement about an alteration in the client's health status; referring to a condition that nurses are licensed to treat a systematic rational method of planning and providing individualized nursing care for individuals families groups and communities information detectable by an observer gathering data by using the senses the process of designing nursing activities required to prevent reduce or eliminate a client's health problems physical skills such as manipulating equipment giving injections doing dressing changes and moving lifting and repositioning clients the scientific principle given as the reason for selecting a particular nursing intervention or action data that are detectable by an observer or can be tested against an accepted standard information apparent only to the person being affected information about a condition that is apparent only to the person involved Click here to go to the top of the page
Implementation Independent interventions Interventions Interview Manifestations Nursing diagnosis
Nursing process
Objective data Observation Planning
Procedures
Rationale
Signs
Subjective data Symptoms
Chapter 7 Key Terms
Case management
a range of models for integrating healthcare services for individuals or groups also referred to as total care; a situation in which one nurse is assigned to and responsible for the comprehensive care of a group of clients during an 8- or 12-hour shift
Case method
a delivery model that brings all services and care providers to the Client-focused care client (also called critical pathways) an expected path of client needs care teaching and progress for specific diagnoses prospective payment or billing is formulated before the client is even admitted to the hospital; thus the record of admission rather than the record of treatment now governs payment
Clinical pathways
Diagnostic-related groups
method that focuses on the jobs to be completed (e.g. bed making Functional method temperature measurement) Health maintenance organization Healthcare system Independent practice associations a group healthcare agency that provides basic and supplemental health maintenance and treatment services to voluntary enrollees who pay a preset fee the totality of services offered by all health disciplines a group healthcare agency in which clients pay a fixed prospective payment to the IPA and the IPA pays the provider; the provider receives a fixed fee for services given
a system that incorporates acute care services home healthcare Integrated delivery extended and skilled care facilities and outpatient services system a healthcare system whose goals are to provide cost-effective quality care that focuses on improved outcomes for groups of clients a federal public assistance program paid out of general taxes to people who require financial assistance for medical care a federal program to assist people age 65 years and over with medical care law passed to improve nursing homes and extended-care facilities
Managed care
Medicaid
Medicare Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) Preferred provider arrangements
individual healthcare providers that provide an insurance company
or employer with health services at a discounted rate a group of physicians and perhaps a healthcare agency (often a hospital) that provide an insurance company or employer with health services at a discounted rate total nursing responsibility for a group of clients 24 hours a day 7 days a week a system that limits the amount paid to hospitals that are reimbursed by Medicare special payments to people who are blind or have a disability; SSI benefits are not restricted to people who are eligible for Social Security and payments are not restricted to healthcare costs the delivery of individualized nursing care to clients by a nursing team led by a professional nurse Click here to go to the top of the page
Preferred provider organization
Primary nursing Prospective payment system Supplemental Security Income
Team nursing
Chapter 8 Key Terms

Alternative medicine Complementary Complementary and alternative medicine Conventional medicine a medical treatment used in place of conventional medicine used together with a standard approach to provide added benefit healing philosophies approaches and therapies that exist largely outside the main frame of conventional treatment medicine practiced by holders of a medical doctor (M.D.) or doctor of osteopathy (D.O.) degree and by other health professionals such as nurses physical therapists and psychologists a practice that integrates treatments and therapies from conventional medicine with complementary and alternative medicines that have been deemed safe and effective alternative care system that uses a wide range of approaches to healing such as nutrition herbs exercise and stress reduction Click here to go to the top of the page
Integrative medicine Naturopathic medicine
Chapter 9 Key Terms

Bagging a disposal technique recommended by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) for removing contaminated or potentially infectious materials from a client's room term used to describe safe efficient use of one's body to move objects and carry out activities of daily living events outside the hospital that produce a large number of victims (e.g. fires plane or train crashes earthquakes or violent civil disturbances) fixed point about which a lever moves impenetrable events within the hospital that interrupt services and produce victims (e.g. utility interruption or chemical spill) a technique in which the body is turned in such a way as to avoid twisting of the spine protective devices used to limit the physical activity of the client or a part of the body a burn from a hot liquid or vapor such as steam lack of oxygen due to interrupted breathing system of prioritizing victims' care needs from most severe to least injured or ill rotation of the thoracolumbar spine Click here to go to the top of the page
Body mechanics
External disasters
Fulcrum Impervious Internal disasters
Pivoting
Restraints
Scald Suffocation
Triage
Twisting
Chapter 10 Key Terms

Antigen substance that identifies foreign substances and induces sensitivity or immune response
Antimicrobial Antiseptics Asepsis Aseptic technique Bacteria Bactericidal agent Bacteriostatic agent Carrier Communicable disease Disease
microbe-destroying agents that inhibit the growth of some microorganisms the absence of disease-causing microorganisms technique used to prevent the possibility of transferring microorganisms from one place or person to another most common type of disease-causing microorganisms solution or chemical that destroys bacteria agent that prevents growth and reproduction of only some bacteria a potential source of infection for others disease that is spread or transmitted by direct or indirect contact a process that causes a detectable impairment in the way the body functions agents that destroy pathogens other than spores source of the infection an inanimate object such as a toy cooking or eating utensil or contaminated instrument which can transmit infection from one area or person to another either yeasts or molds
Disinfectants Etiologic agent
Fomite
Fungi
an infection directly caused by any diagnostic or therapeutic source Iatrogenic infection (healthcare provider) Immunity Infection Infectious disease Inflammatory response Local infection the resistance of the body to infection an invasion of the body by a disease-causing organism disease that can be transmitted from one person to another by direct or indirect contact a local nonspecific defense reaction of tissues when they are exposed to infection or injury an infection in which microorganisms are only in a specific part of the body
Medical asepsis Nonspecific defenses Nosocomial infections Opportunistic pathogen Parasites Pathogens Portal of entry Portal of exit Reservoir Resident flora Sepsis
all practices used to confine a specific microorganism to a specific area or to limit the number of microorganisms their growth and their transmission anatomic and physiological barriers and the inflammatory response infections that occur after hospital admission and for which the client had no symptoms at the time of admission an agent that causes a disease only in a susceptible person (someone whose immune system is not functioning as a defense system) organisms that live on other living organisms microorganisms that cause disease fifth link in the chain of infection; a means of entry into the body for pathogenic microorganisms a way of leaving the reservoir the source of the microorganism harmless microorganisms found in and on the body the presence of infection spread of bacteria from a local infection into the bloodstream; also known as blood poisoning changes in the immune system that provide protection to the body guidelines for special care to be used with all body fluids especially those associated with bloodborne pathogens (e.g. hepatitis B and C and HIV infections) a microorganism-free area practice that keeps an object or an area completely free of microorganisms and spores the sixth link in the chain of infection; the extent to which a person is likely to contract an infection individual with impaired immune response who is at risk for developing infection
Septicemia
Specific defenses Standard precautions Sterile field Surgical asepsis Susceptibility of the host Susceptible host
Systemic infection Transmission
state that exists when microorganisms spread from one area to other body areas the manner in which a microorganism gets to the host guidelines used in addition to Standard Precautions for any client with known or suspected infections that are spread by airborne or droplet transmission or by physical contact vehicle a living means of transport for infection an organism's ability to produce disease and survive both inside and outside the body the smallest known disease-causing agents; they must enter living cells in order to reproduce Click here to go to the top of the page
Transmissionbased precautions Vector
Virulence
Viruses

Closed-ended questions questions that require only "yes" or "no" or short factual answers giving specific information a critical nursing skill used to gather information to teach and persuade and to express caring and comfort; the exchange of information or thoughts between two or more people hand and body motions that may emphasize and clarify the spoken word or that may be used instead of words to indicate a particular feeling or to give a sign more than two people who have shared needs and goals who take each other into account in their actions and who thus are held together and set apart from others because of their interactions interaction that encourages a sharing of information thoughts or feelings between two or more people a planned communication or a conversation with a purpose exchange of ideas using other forms of expression such as gestures facial expressions or touch questions that invite clients to discover and explore their thoughts or feelings and that allow clients the freedom to talk about what
Communication
Gestures
Group
Helpful communication Interview Nonverbal communication Open-ended questions
they wish Personal space Therapeutic communication Unhelpful communication the distance people prefer in interactions with others client-centered goal-directed and time-limited communication used by nurses to determine client concerns problems and feelings interaction that hinders or blocks the transfer of information and feelings a form of feedback that provides confirmation that both parties have the same basic understanding of the message and the feedback Click here to go to the top of the page
Validation

Affective domain Behavior modification Behaviorism area of learning that includes feelings emotions interests attitudes and appreciations a system of positive reinforcement in which desirable behavior is rewarded and undesirable behavior is ignored the belief that environment influences behavior which is the essential factor determining human action a dynamic integrated and multifaceted teaching-learning process in which the nurse and client work together to change client behaviors area of learning that includes knowing comprehending and applying the belief that defines learning largely as a complex thinking process; the learner constantly structures and processes information from many sources shared information that relates a person's performance to the desired goal system of thought that focuses on both cognitive and affective qualities of the learner a lifelong process of acquiring knowledge or skills that cannot be solely accounted for by human growth
Client education Cognitive domain
Cognitivism
Feedback
Humanism
Learning
Motivation Psychomotor domain Readiness
desire to act area of learning that includes motor skills behaviors or cues that reflect the learner's motivation to learn at a specific time importance or applicability ability to remember what is learned a system of activities intended to produce specific learning Click here to go to the top of the page
Relevance Retention Teaching

APIE type of charting; acronym stands for: assessment problem intervention and evaluation; based on the nursing process this method incorporates an ongoing care plan into the progress notes the process of making an entry on a client record a documentation system in which only significant findings or exceptions to norms are recorded; incorporates (1) unique flow sheets that highlight significant findings and define assessment parameters and findings (2) documentation by reference to the agency's printed standards of nursing practice and (3) documentation forms at the bedside the formal legal document that provides evidence of a client's care to consult another person or persons for advice information ideas or instructions a documentation system that focuses on the nursing process and consists of a database plans of care flow sheets progress notes and discharge summary a method of charting by which progress notes are organized: data action and response all information known about the client from the nursing assessment physician's history and the family; it is used to gauge changes in client status
Charting
Charting by exception
Clinical record Confer
CORE
DAR
Database
Discussion
an informal conversation between two or more healthcare personnel to identify a problem or establish strategies to resolve a problem the process of making an entry on a client record system of documentation that focuses on four elements: flow sheets that are individualized; assessment sheet that is standardized with baseline parameters; concise integrated progress notes and flow sheets that are used to document the client's condition and response; and timely entries that are recorded after care is given abbreviated progress notes a type of record intended to make the client along with client concerns and strengths the focus of care any unexpected event a widely used concise method of organizing and recording data about a client making information quickly accessible to all health professionals record of the date of the medication order the expiration date the medication name and dose the frequency of administration and route and the nurse's signature a meeting of a group of nurses to discuss possible solutions to certain client problems such as inability to cope with an event or lack of progress toward reaching goals a group of nurses who visit selected clients at each client's bedside to (1) obtain information that will help plan nursing care (2) provide clients the opportunity to discuss their care and (3) evaluate the nursing care the client has received information detectable by an observer charting method; stands for problem intervention and evaluation; based on the nursing process; consists mainly of assessment flow sheets and progress notes charting method in which the data are arranged according to the individual problems the client has rather than the source of the information a written or computer-based collection of data
Documenting
FACT
Flow sheets Focus charting Incident
Kardex
Medication administration record Nursing care conference
Nursing rounds
Objective data
PIE
Problem-oriented medical record Record
Report
an oral written or computer-based communication intended to convey information to others an acronym for subjective data objective data assessment and planning charting method segmented into sections such as physician's orders nurse's notes radiology and lab; each person or department makes notations in a separate section or sections of the client's chart information apparent only to the person being affected Click here to go to the top of the page
SOAP
Source-oriented record Subjective data

Admission Against medical advice (AMA) Coping behaviors entry into the hospital against the recommendation of the primary care provider behaviors such as crying acting angry sexual "acting out" overeating or smoking which people perform in times of crisis or stress in an attempt to deal with their feelings removal of unique human qualities the official procedure by which the client leaves the healthcare facility and returns home or to another setting a move Click here to go to the top of the page
Dehumanization
Discharge
Transfer

Actualization Ego Esteem to turn an idea into fact or action concept that connects the psyche with reality and promotes wellbeing and survival also called ego internal esteem that includes self-respect autonomy and achievement; external esteem that includes status recognition
and attention the biological and psychological drives with which an individual enters this world; part of the unconscious concerned with immediate gratification relating to judgments of right or wrong needs having to do with physical processes in the human body needs having to do with relationships within oneself and others doing things of one's choice bringing ideas into action having to do with the divine or a higher power also known as the conscience it is concerned with moral behavior and takes into account the rules of society and the individual's personal values Click here to go to the top of the page
Id
Moral Physiologic needs Psychosocial needs Self-actualization Spiritual
Superego

Blended family a situation in which one or both spouses have had a previous marriage and children from that marriage having to do with awareness of and interaction between oneself and the environment a result of interaction between an individual and the environment a family that includes adults and children who may or may not be related and where family decisions and responsibilities are shared the expectations that parents have of their children for mature behavior the discipline and supervision parents provide and the parents' willingness to confront behavioral problems an increase in the complexity of function and skill progression an egocentric network of relatives (e.g. grandparents aunt uncles and cousins) two or more individuals who come together for the purpose of
Cognitive Cognitive development Communal family
Demandingness
Development Extended family Family
nurturing Family-centered care Fontanels Grieving Growth Moral Moral development Motor development Nuclear family Physiological Psychosocial Puberty Reflexes treatment to a designated client with recognition that the family system or unit may also need intervention soft spots; membranous gaps in the bone structure of the skull process of mourning and resolving a loss physical change and increase in size relating to judgments of right or wrong the increase in the ability to distinguish right from wrong the increase in the ability to move and to control the body a family consisting of parents and biological offspring relating to physical processes in the human body pertaining to the relationship between oneself and others age when the reproductive organs become functional and secondary sex characteristics develop rapid predictable and involuntary responses to stimuli how much parents foster individuality selfassertion and selfregulation and how responsive they are to special needs and demands having to do with the divine or a higher power the increase in the ability to discern meaning or purpose in life Click here to go to the top of the page
Responsiveness
Spiritual Spiritual development

Affect Anxiety outward appearance of emotional state (e.g. tense angry happy flat blunted labile or changeable) a state of mental uneasiness apprehension dread or foreboding
Bipolar affective disorder Caregiver burden
a condition characterized by both "high" and "low" swings of mood along with changes in thoughts emotions and physical health long-term stress developed by family members who undertake the care of a person in the home for a long period
major depressive disorder is diagnosed when a person loses interest in life and displays signs of severe sadness that last more Clinical depression than 2 weeks covering up weaknesses by emphasizing a more desirable trait or by overachievement in a more comfortable area dealing with problems and situations a form of therapy in which trained professionals help people think about the problems they are experiencing in their lives and find new ways of coping unconscious attempts to manage anxiety an attempt to ignore unacceptable realities by refusing to acknowledge them the transferring of emotional reactions from one person to another presence of substance abuse along with a concurrent psychiatric disorder a generalized response to an emergency situation
Compensation Coping
Counseling Defense mechanisms Denial
Displacement
Dual diagnosis Fight-or-flight response
physiologic responses to stress that result from prolonged General adaptation excessive stress and that lead to exhaustion of the body's resources syndrome ICU psychosis a form of delirium or acute brain failure that may result from alcohol withdrawal in psychiatry an attempt to manage anxiety by imitating the behavior of someone feared or respected a mechanism by which an emotional response that normally would accompany an uncomfortable or painful incident is evaded by the use of rational explanation that removes from the incident any personal significance and feelings a form of identification that allows for acceptance of others' norms and values into oneself even when contrary to one's previous assumptions
Identification
Intellectualization
Introjection
Labile Obsessivecompulsive disorder Panic attack Phobia Postnatal depression
quickly springing from one emotion to another an anxiety disorder characterized by patterned behaviors that are focused on some topic of fixation (or obsession) and that are repeated in order to relieve the anxiety a sudden and intense sensation of fear and impending doom a specific type of anxiety defined as out-of-proportion fear a condition experienced by about 1 in 10 women in the first year after having a baby; it involves an extended depressed state and sometimes psychotic behavior an anxiety disorder that can develop after exposure to one or more terrifying events in which grave physical harm occurred or was threatened a process in which blame is attached to others for unacceptable thoughts desires shortcomings and mistakes a physician who specializes in the branch of health science that deals with the study treatment and prevention of mental disorders a trained professional that provides counseling and testing for clients with mental health and or developmental issues the gathering of data about the emotional behavioral mental environmental spiritual and interactional processes of the client justification of certain behaviors by faulty logic and ascription of motives that are socially acceptable but did not in fact inspire the behavior
Posttraumatic stress disorder
Projection
Psychiatrist
Psychologist Psychosocial assessment
Rationalization
a mechanism that causes people to act exactly opposite to the way Reaction formation they feel return to an earlier more comfortable level of functioning that is characterized by fewer demands and responsibilities the act of keeping threatening thoughts feelings and desires from becoming conscious depression related to decreased sunlight the idea that as you begin to understand your personal levels of stress and anxiety you are able to develop more control over them and are therefore more likely to be able to cope with them in the
Regression
Repression Seasonal affective disorder Self-help
future Suicidal ideation thinking about ending one's own life an action or words designed to cancel some disapproved thoughts impulses or acts; a mechanism by which a person relieves guilt by making reparation Click here to go to the top of the page
Undoing

Acceptance Accidental loss last stage of grief in which the client comes to terms with loss absence of a body part or person due to an unexpected event or disease emotional state that includes feelings of animosity or strong displeasure state in which an individual or group experiences reactions in response to an expected significant loss third stage of grief in which the client promises a change in behavior to avoid loss and may express feelings of guilt or fear of punishment for past sins real or imagined the normal grieving period experienced by the surviving loved ones a condition that can occur when older adults have to deal with a succession of losses in overlapping time frames which can interfere with a normal grieving period an attempt to ignore unacceptable realities by refusing to acknowledge them a range of moods from the low spirits that we all experience to a severe problem that interferes with everyday life (17); fourth stage of grief grief that occurs when a mourner finds her/himself judged by a social norm that does not recognize the validity of the loss an unconscious response of professionals in which they hold back emotionally especially from dying clients
Anger Anticipatory grieving
Bargaining
Bereavement
Bereavement overload
Denial
Depression
Disenfranchised grief Distancing
Do not resuscitate
an order to prevent interventions the client does not wish to have performed when death approaches
(also called medical power of attorney) a written statement Durable power of appointing someone else to manage healthcare treatment decisions attorney for health when the client is unable to do so care Dysfunctional grieving grief that is characterized by an extended period of denial depression severe physiological symptoms or suicidal thoughts the whole range of feelings thoughts and behaviors related to loss and signifying emotional responses especially overwhelming distress and sorrow process of mourning and resolving a loss an adult who is appointed to make healthcare decisions in the event a client becomes incapacitated and has not executed a living will or medical power of attorney a technique designed to replace unpleasant thoughts and feelings with positive ones that encourage a change in attitudes behaviors or physiologic reactions a document that provides specific instructions about what medical treatment the client chooses to omit or refuse in the event that he or she is unable to make those decisions a real or potential situation in which something that is valued is gone is unavailable or is changed lessening of function or endurance or an increase in dependence due to aging (also called durable power of attorney for health care) a written statement appointing someone else to manage healthcare treatment decisions when the client is unable to do so the process and rituals through which grief is eventually resolved related to a specific occurrence such as loss of a job due to a job transfer the academic study of death and dying energy directed through the hands of the practitioner (usually held slightly away from the client's body) to activate the healing response of the recipient
Grief
Grieving
Healthcare surrogate
Imagery
Living will
Loss
Maturational loss
Medical power of attorney Mourning
Situational loss Thanatology
Therapeutic touch
Visualization
refers to picturing something in the mind's eye and "seeing" healing pain relief relaxation and so on Click here to go to the top of the page

Active range of motion full normal movement of the extremities and joints by the client through a systematic series of movements
abnormal breath sounds that occur when air passes through Adventitious breath narrowed airways or airways filled with fluid or mucus or when pleural linings are inflamed sounds the starting position (when collecting physical data) where the body is upright with the face front arms at the sides with palms facing forward and feet parallel toward the front of the body or the belly reduced ability or inability to speak or understand verbal or written language the process of listening to sounds produced within the body
Anatomic position
Anterior Aphasia Auscultation
the time the nail bed takes to return to its usual color after being Capillary refill time pressed Consensual response Crackles Cyanosis Diastole constriction of one pupil when a bright light is shown into the opposite pupil removed and shown a second time (also known as rales) fine short interrupted lung sounds best heard on inspiration a bluish tinge of skin that usually indicates poor oxygenation the period in which the ventricles relax constriction or tightening of a pupil when a bright light is shown into it farther from the origin of a structure toward the back of; the opposite of ventral
Direct response Distal Dorsal
Dysarthria Edema Erythema Friction rub
imperfect articulation of speech due to disturbances of muscular control the presence of excess interstitial fluid redness associated with a variety of rashes superficial grating or creaking sounds heard during inspiration and expiration a line running from one side of the body to the other; the front plane separates the body into front and back portions a point lower than or below a reference point an examination or assessment by using the sense of sight toward the side; the opposite of medial an alteration in a client's normal skin appearance a continuum that ranges from a state of alertness to coma close to the middle of the body pale appearance caused by lack of circulating blood or hemoglobin examination of the body using the sense of touch the client's extremities and joints are supported and moved by the nurse the act of striking a body part with short sharp blows (1) to help gather data about internal organs (2) to assist in massage or (3) to help a client to clear the respiratory tract blood supply to an area pupils equally round and react to light and accommodation one of three types of examination of the body: (1) complete assessment (2) focused assessment by body system (3) focused assessment by body part an imaginary flat surface
Frontal plane Inferior Inspection Lateral Lesion Level of consciousness (LOC) Medial Pallor Palpation Passive range of motion
Percussion
Perfusion PERRLA Physical assessment Plane
Posterior Proximal Pulse Rales
toward the back of; the opposite of ventral nearer the origin of a structure heartbeat (also known as crackles) fine short interrupted lung sounds best heard on inspiration a continuous musical sound heard with a stethoscope; occurring in asthma croup hay fever and can also result from tumor or obstruction separates the body into left and right above or in a higher position than a point of reference the period in which the ventricles contract defines a superior (higher) and inferior (lower) portion fullness toward the front of the body or the belly measurements of temperature pulse respirations and blood pressure continuous high-pitched squeaky musical sounds; best heard on expiration Click here to go to the top of the page
Rhonchi
Sagittal plane Superior Systole Transverse plane Turgor Ventral
Vital signs
Wheezing

Afternoon care type of hygienic care that often includes providing a bedpan or urinal washing the hands and face and assisting with oral care to refresh clients' mouths absence of hair on the head and/or body type of hygienic care provided as required by the client a device designed to keep the top bedclothes off the feet legs and
Alopecia As-needed (prn) care Bed cradle
even abdomen of a client Caries Cerumen Cleaning baths cavities; dental decay earwax baths given chiefly for hygiene purposes to remove accumulated oil perspiration dead skin cells and some bacteria thin curved disks of hard or soft plastic that fit on the cornea of the eye directly over the pupil diffuse scaling of the scalp a "plate" of artificial teeth for one jaw worn to replace upper or lower teeth or both
Contact lenses Dandruff
Dentures
type of hygienic care provided to clients as they awaken in the morning consisting of providing a urinal or bedpan to the client Early morning care confined to bed washing the face and hands and giving oral care Gingiva Halitosis gums of the mouth bad breath a battery-powered sound-amplifying device used by people with hearing impairments condition of excessive hair growth
Hearing aid Hirsutism
Hour of sleep (HS) hygienic care provided to clients before they retire for the night care Hygiene Lanugo the science of health and its maintenance soft downy hair present on the fetus's or newborn's face arms and back type of hygienic care provided after clients have breakfast usually including the provision of a urinal or bedpan (to clients who are not ambulatory) a bath or shower perineal care back massages and oral nail and hair care; also includes making the client's bed an infestation with lice a contagious skin infestation by the itch mite an oily substance secreted by the skin
Morning care
Pediculosis Scabies Sebum
Therapeutic baths
hygienic care given for physical effects such as to soothe irritated skin or to treat an area Click here to go to the top of the page

Afebrile Antipyretic Apical pulse Apical-radial pulse Apnea Arrhythmia Arteriosclerosis without fever helping to reduce an elevated temperature a measure of heart rate taken directly at the heart a measure of heart rate taken both at the heart and at the wrist cessation of breathing (dysrhythmia) pulse with an irregular rhythm condition in which the elastic and muscular tissues of the arteries are replaced with fibrous tissue the temporary disappearance of sounds normally heard over the brachial artery when the cuff pressure is high followed by the reappearance of the sounds at a lower level the pace at which the body utilizes food to maintain the energy requirements of a person who is awake and at rest the rubber bag piece of a blood pressure cuff a measure of the force exerted by the blood as it flows through the arteries quantity of circulating fluid in the blood vessels the balance between the heat produced and the heat lost from the body measured in heat units called degrees condition in which heartbeats become irregular and abnormally slow abnormally slow breathing gurgling sounds heard as air passes through moist secretions in the
Auscultatory gap
Basal metabolic rate Bladder
Blood pressure Blood volume Body temperature
Bradycardia
Bradypnea Bubbling
respiratory tract the amount of blood pumped by the ventricles in 1 minute; stroke volume X pulse rate temperature scale that normally extends from 34.0C to 42.0C for humans rhythmic waxing and waning of breath from very deep to very shallow breathing and temporary apnea; often associated with cardiac failure increased intracranial pressure or brain damage (diurnal variations) normal change of body temperatures throughout the day the extent to which a person's behavior aligns with medical or health advice (12); (in circulation) the blood vessels' ability to contract and expand transfer of heat by direct contact with a cooler object a fever in which the body temperature fluctuates minimally but always remains above normal the dispersion of heat by air currents the temperature of deep tissues of the body respiration involving external intercostal and accessory muscles (also known as rales) fine short interrupted lung sounds best heard on inspiration a sudden change of events of a pyrexic condition respiration involving contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm blood pressure when the ventricles are at rest (circadian rhythm) normal change of body temperatures throughout the day difficult and labored breathing during which the individual has a persistent unsatisfied need for air and feels distressed (arrhythmia) pulse with an irregular rhythm
Cardiac output
Celsius
Cheyne-Stokes respirations
Circadian rhythm
Compliance
Conduction Constant fever Convection Core temperature Costal breathing Crackles Crisis Diaphragmatic breathing Diastolic pressure Diurnal variations
Dyspnea
Dysrhythmia
Etiology Evaporation Exhalation
cause or origin Eupnea: normal respirations change of water to a gas or vapor which causes cooling (also known as expiration) the breathing out or the movement of gases from the lungs to the atmosphere Click here to go to the top of the page

Acute pain Analgesia Chronic pain Cutaneous pain Endogenous opioids discomfort that lasts only through the expected recovery period pain relievers discomfort that lasts beyond the typical healing time period; generally pain lasting longer than 3 to 6 months discomfort that originates in the skin or subcutaneous tissue substances bind to opiate receptor sites in the central and peripheral nervous system decreasing or blocking any pain impulse
analgesics (e.g. morphine) that bind to receptor sites to provide Exogenous opioids pain relief theory stating that peripheral nerve fibers carrying pain to the spinal cord can have their message modified at the spinal cord level Gate control theory (the "gate") before transmission to the brain Intractable pain Neuropathic pain Nociceptor Pain Pain reaction Pain threshold chronic discomfort that persists despite therapeutic interventions discomfort that is the result of a disturbance of the nerve pathways either from past or continuing tissue damage receptors that transmit pain sensation highly subjective and individual sensation that signals a problem in the body the autonomic nervous system and behavioral responses to pain the amount of pain stimulation a person requires in order to feel pain
Pain tolerance Phantom pain Preemptive analgesia Radiating pain
the maximum amount and duration of pain that an individual is willing to endure experience of pain sensation in an absent extremity the administration of analgesics prior to an invasive or operative procedure; also includes aroundthe- clock (ATC) analgesics discomfort that is perceived at the source of the pain and extends to nearby tissues discomfort felt in a part of the body that is considerably removed from the tissues causing the pain diffuse discomfort that arises from ligaments tendons bones blood vessels and nerves discomfort that results from stimulation of pain receptors in the abdominal cavity cranium and thorax Click here to go to the top of the page
Referred pain
Somatic pain
Visceral pain

Abduction Adduction Ambulation Ankylosed Atelectasis Atrophy movement of the bone away from the midline of the body movement of the bone toward the midline of the body the act of walking permanently immobile the collapse of a lobe or of an entire lung decrease in size the point at which all of the body's mass is centered and the base of support (the foundation on which the body rests) achieves balance movement of the distal part of the bone in a circle while the proximal end remains fixed stroking of the body
Center of gravity
Circumduction Effleurage
Emboli Equilibrium Hyperextension
(singular embolus) clots moved from their place of origin causing circulatory obstruction elsewhere the sense of balance farthest extension or straightening of a joint (e.g. bending the head backward) excessive daytime sleep (EDS) death of tissue the inability to obtain an adequate amount or quality of sleep increasing the angle of the joint (e.g. straightening the arm at the elbow) inner ear an imaginary vertical line drawn through the body's center of gravity a disorder believed to be genetic or autoimmune where sufferers experience regular REM-onset sleep attacks lasting from a few seconds to several hours a deep restful sleep with some decreased physiological functions a demineralization process of the bones causing them to become spongy deformed and easily fractured behavior that may interfere with sleep such as sleepwalking kneading or making large quick pinches of the skin subcutaneous tissue and muscle muscle contraction needed to maintain an upright position the maximum movement possible for a joint rapid eye movement sleep; period of sleep in which dreams occur movement of the bone around its central axis periodic cessation of breathing during sleep condition with inflammation and clot formation in a vein
Hypersomnia Infarction Insomnia Inversion Labyrinth Line of gravity
Narcolepsy
NREM sleep Osteoporosis Parasomnia Ptrissage Postural tonus Range of motion (ROM) REM sleep Rotation Sleep apnea Thrombophlebitis
Thrombus
blood clot attached to wall of a vein or artery (most commonly the leg veins) condition in which the urine does not move out of the urinary tract acute dizziness and lack of balance the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after maximum inhalation Click here to go to the top of the page
Urinary stasis Vertigo
Vital capacity

Abrasion Bandage Binder Contusion Debride surface scrape either unintentional (e.g. scraped knee from a fall) or intentional (e.g. dermal abrasion to remove pockmarks) a strip of cloth used to wrap some part of the body a type of bandage designed for a specific body part wound caused by a blow from a blunt instrument remove of necrotic tissue lesions caused by unrelieved pressure resulting in damage to underlying tissue the partial or total rupturing of a sutured wound dead matter that is sloughed off the surface of the skin the protrusion of the internal viscera through an incision material that has escaped from blood vessels during the inflammatory process and is deposited in tissue or on tissue surfaces an abnormal passage from a body cavity or tube to another cavity or surface a force acting parallel to the skin surface translucent red tissue that grows in a wound
Decubitus ulcer Dehiscence Eschar Evisceration
Exudate
Fistula
Friction Granulation tissue
Hematoma
accumulation of blood in the soft tissue under the skin that may appear as a reddish-blue swelling persistent bleeding cessation of bleeding wound caused by a sharp instrument (e.g. knife or scalpel) washing or flushing out of an area a deficiency in the blood supply to the tissue a progressively enlarging scar tissues torn apart often from accidents (e.g. with machinery) softening of tissue by prolonged wetting the use of subatmospheric pressure to promote or assist wound healing or to remove fluids from a wound site closing off from the air
Hemorrhage Hemostasis Incision Irrigation Ischemia Keloid Laceration Maceration Negative-pressure wound therapy Occlusive
penetration of the skin and the underlying tissues usually Penetrating wound unintentional (e.g. from a bullet or metal fragments) a process by white blood cells to ingest and digest bacteria and cellular debris lesions caused by unrelieved pressure resulting in damage to underlying tissue penetration of the skin and often the underlying tissues by a sharp instrument either intentional or unintentional pus-filled substance consisting of leukocytes liquefied dead tissue debris and dead and living bacteria
Phagocytosis
Pressure ulcers
Puncture Purulent Pus
bright red flush of the skin when excess pressure on the tissue is Reactive hyperemia relieved Sanguineous exudate a discharge of large amounts of red blood cells frequently seen in open wounds
Serosanguineous
watery blood-tinged type of discharge consisting of serum (the clear portion of the blood) a combination of friction and pressure treatment used to soak a client's pelvic area production of pus Click here to go to the top of the page
Serous exudate Shearing force Sitz bath Suppuration

Amino acids Anabolism Basal metabolic rate Calories Catabolism Complementary proteins Continuous feedings Enteral nutrition Gastrostomy Glycogen Glycogenesis the building blocks of proteins process of building tissue the pace at which the body utilizes food to maintain the energy requirements of a person who is awake and at rest units of heat energy process of breaking down tissue foods containing some essential amino acids that are combined with others so that together they contain all nine essential amino acids nourishment generally administered over a 24-hour period using an infusion pump that guarantees a constant flow nourishment given through a tube or stoma directly into the small intestine thus bypassing the upper digestive tract surgical creation of an artificial opening into the stomach the stored form of glucose process of glycogen formation a process where glycogen can be converted back to glucose when needed to maintain blood levels or to provide energy the administration of small amounts of formula several times per day
Glycogenolysis Intermittent feeding
Jejunostomy
surgical creation of a permanent opening through the abdominal wall into the jejunum organic substances that are greasy and insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol or ether a measure of the intake and loss of nitrogen the organic inorganic and energy-producing substances found in foods interaction between nutrients and the human body body weight that exceeds ideal body weight by more than 20%
Lipids Nitrogen balance Nutrients Nutrition Obesity
also referred to as total parenteral nutrition (TPN); provided when Parenteral nutrition the client is unable to ingest or absorb foods Protein-calorie malnutrition Triglycerides weight loss and visible muscle and fat wasting a compound containing three fatty acids condition occurring when nutrient intake is insufficient to meet daily energy requirements an organic compound that cannot be manufactured by the body and is needed in small quantities to catalyze (or trigger) metabolic processes Click here to go to the top of the page
Undernutrition
Vitamin

Active transport Alkaline Anions Buffers Cations movement that occurs when it is necessary for electrolytes to move from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration pH above 7 on a scale of 0 to 14 electrolytes with negative charge chemicals that prevent marked changes in hydrogen ion concentration electrolytes with positive charge
Electrolytes
(ions) electrically charged particles capable of conducting electricity made of oxygen nutrients carbon dioxide and salts dissolved in water fluid found outside the cells the transfer of water and dissolved substances from a region of high pressure to a region of low pressure the liquid components of the body processes by which body equilibrium is maintained having greater concentration of solutes than plasma; this type of solution moves water out of cells having lesser concentration of solutes than blood plasma; this type of solution moves water into cells the measurement and recording of all fluid taken in and excreted during a 24-hour period extracellular fluid that surrounds the cells and includes lymph body water found within cells only that fluid which is found within the blood having the same concentration of solutes as blood plasma greater than normal acid within the plasma less than normal acid within the plasma the concentration of a solute in a volume of solution the passage of water from an area of lower particle concentration toward an area of higher concentration of particles force that develops as solute particles collide against one another causing movement of fluid carbon dioxide measured in arterial blood the movement of molecules randomly in all directions from a region of high concentration to an area of low concentration movement of solutes through membranes without energy
Extracellular fluid Filtration
Fluid Homeostasis
Hypertonic
Hypotonic Intake and output (I&O) Interstitial fluid Intracellular fluid Intravascular fluid Isotonic Metabolic acidosis Metabolic alkalosis Osmolarity
Osmosis
Osmotic pressure PaCO2 Passive diffusion Passive transport
expenditure pH Respiratory acidosis Respiratory alkalosis Transcellular fluid hydrogen ion concentration drop in blood pH from carbonic acid build-up an elevated pH due to a decrease in PaCO2 liquid including cerebrospinal pleural peritoneal and synovial fluids found in the body's cavities Click here to go to the top of the page

Absorption Adverse effects Aerosol the process by which a drug passes into the bloodstream severe side effects or drug reactions a liquid powder or foam deposited in a thin layer on the skin; emitted by air pressure from the container system predating the metric system in which the basic unit of weight is the grain (gr) (like a grain of wheat) and the basic unit of volume is the minim a volume of water equal in weight to a grain of wheat the slanted part of the tip of needle of a syringe shaft of a needle of a syringe buildup of the drug in the blood an immunologic reaction to a drug problem that occurs when the administration of one drug alters the effect of another drug occurs when a person requires increases in dosage to maintain the therapeutic effect deleterious effects of a drug on an organism or tissue family name of a drug
Apothecaries' system
Bevel Cannula Cumulative effect Drug allergy Drug interaction
Drug tolerance Drug toxicity Generic
Half-life
the time interval required for the body's elimination processes to reduce the concentration of the drug in the body by one-half measures that may be used when more accurate systems of measure are not required; such as drops teaspoons tablespoons cups and glasses part of the needle that fits into the syringe a disease caused unintentionally by medical therapy an unexpected and individual response to a drug a substance administered for the diagnosis cure treatment relief or prevention of disease a decimal system based on units of 10 a graph used to prescribe medications based on client size the written direction for the preparation and administration of a drug as-needed order that permits the nurse to give a medication when in the nurse's judgment the client requires it unintended drug actions one-time order to be given once at a specified time routine order for administering medication indefinitely instructions for medication to be given immediately and only once unless subsequent doses are ordered injectable equipment used to administer parenteral medications the desired result; the drug did what it was prescribed to do Click here to go to the top of the page
Household system
Hub Iatrogenic disease Idiosyncratic effect Medication
Metric system Nomogram Prescription
PRN order Side effects Single order Standing order Stat order Syringes Therapeutic effect

Air embolism the entry of gas into the peripheral or central vasculature
Autologous
provided from the client for the client (e.g. blood drawn prior to surgery) virulent microorganisms in the blood stream from a localized source of infection; bacteria in the blood stream; blood poisoning excess fluid in the vasculature a mechanism to regulate IV flow rate by gravity rather than by exertion or pressure donated by friends and relatives for a particular client rates at which IV solution passes through the drip chamber and into the tubing severe infiltration of a solution into surrounding tissue accumulation of blood in the soft tissue under the skin that may appear as a reddish-blue swelling donated by someone other than the client but compatible with the client passage of the IV solution out of the vein and into the surrounding tissue the solution being administered by IV route a positive-pressure pump programmed to provide fluid more accurately than the controller the concentration of a solute in a volume of solution inflammation of the vein spread of bacteria from a local infection into the bloodstream; also known as blood poisoning reaction to rapid induction of foreign substance or medication into the vascular system point of the needle condition with inflammation and clot formation in a vein clot formation in the vein
Bacteremia Circulatory overload Controller Designated
Drip factors Extravasation Hematoma
Homologous
Infiltration Infusate Infusion pump Osmolarity Phlebitis Septicemia
Speed shock Stylet Thrombophlebitis Thrombosis
Vasovagal response Venospasm
a response characterized by tachycardia and hypertension prior to IV needle insertion and by bradycardia pallor diaphoresis syncope and a drop in blood pressure after needle insertion constriction of the inner lining of the vein Click here to go to the top of the page

Ablative Anesthesia Antiemboli stockings Aspiration pneumonia Atelectasis Closed wound drainage system describing a procedure involving removal of a tissue or body part or destruction of its function the alteration in the level of sensation and consciousness firm elastic hose that compress the veins of the legs and facilitate the return of venous blood to the heart inflammatory process caused by irritation of lung tissue by aspirated material particularly hydrochloric acid (HCl) from the stomach the collapse of a lobe or of an entire lung system consisting of a drain connected to an electric or portable drainage suction which removes exudate while reducing the possible entry of microorganisms into the wound
moderate sedation in which a client is able to respond to questions Conscious sedation and has an increased pain threshold during surgery Dehiscence Diagnostic Elective surgery the partial or total rupturing of a sutured wound serving to confirm or establish a particular disease or characteristic surgery performed when a condition is not immediately life threatening or to improve the client's life (singular embolus) clots moved from their place of origin causing circulatory obstruction elsewhere performed immediately to preserve function or the life of the client the protrusion of the internal viscera through an incision
Emboli Emergency surgery Evisceration
General anesthesia Palliative Paralytic ileus Perioperative period
sedation that causes the loss of all sensation and consciousness relieving or reducing pain or symptoms of a disease; not curative intestinal obstruction characterized by lack of peristaltic activity time surrounding a surgery consisting of the preoperative phase prior to surgery the intraoperative phase during surgery and the postoperative phase following surgery artificial body parts such as partial or complete dentures contact lenses artificial eyes and artificial limbs blood clot that has moved to the lungs to block a pulmonary artery thus obstructing blood flow to a portion the lung restoring function or appearance that has been lost or reduced the temporary interruption of the transmission of nerve impulses to and from a specific area or region of the body
Prostheses Pulmonary embolism Reconstructive Regional anesthesia
device that inflates and deflates plastic sleeves wrapped around the Sequential legs to promote venous flow compression device Surgery unique experience of a planned physical alteration by manual or operative methods threads used to sew body tissues together condition with inflammation and clot formation in a vein blood clot attached to wall of a vein or artery (most commonly the leg veins) passage of blood through the vessels surgical replacement of malfunctioning structures swelling of the abdomen from retention of gases within the intestines Click here to go to the top of the page
Sutures Thrombophlebitis
Thrombus
Tissue perfusion Transplant
Tympanites
Albinism Alopecia Bulla
condition that occurs when melanin is absent or unable to function absence of hair on the head and/or body a small circumscribed elevation of the skin containing fluid; bullae are larger than 0.5 cm an overgrowth of capillary blood vessels that resembles a strawberry in size shape and color; usually disappears in early childhood an extension of a furuncle earwax blood pus or serum that has dried on the surface of the skin after injury a fluid-filled or semisolid sac originating in the subcutaneous tissue or dermis used to treat acne scars and gives a smooth appearance to the face the inner thicker layer of skin called the true skin; contains most of the skin appendages (such as hair and nails) blood vessels and nerve endings purplish patch caused by extravasation (leaking) of blood into the skin the tough outer external layer of the skin a wearing away of the superficial epidermis by friction or pressure a deep furrow or slit extending into the dermis an acute inflammation caused by Staphylococcus; starting deep in one or more hair follicles and spreading into the surrounding dermis accumulation of blood in the soft tissue under the skin that may appear as a reddish-blue swelling also known as shingles; caused by the varicella zoster virus; very similar to the chickenpox virus condition of excessive hair growth
Capillary hemangioma Carbuncle Cerumen Crust
Cyst Dermabrasion
Dermis
Ecchymosis Epidermis Erosion Fissure
Furuncle
Hematoma
Herpes zoster Hirsutism
Jaundice Keloid Lichenification Liposuction Macule
a condition caused by excess bilirubin in the blood a progressively enlarging scar leathery hardening and thickening of the skin caused by scratching or rubbing a technique used to remove subcutaneous tissue a discolored spot that is even with the skin's surface; macules are <1 cm a circumscribed elevated mass of tissue extending deeper into the dermis than a papule; nodules are 0.5 to 2 cm capable of causing disease only in a host whose resistance is lowered a circumscribed solid elevation of the skin (e.g. elevated mole warts) pinpoint hemorrhages a large congenital vascular nevus with a purplish color; usually found on the head and neck presence of constant pain caused by herpes zoster even after the blisters have healed a warning sign condition characterized by hemorrhaging into the skin a small circumscribed elevation of the skin containing purulent matter pus in the blood a small thin plate of epidermis that is shed from skin tissue fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue after injury dilated arteriole in the skin with radiating capillary branches that look like the legs of a spider superficial loss of tissue usually with inflammation on the surface of the skin or mucous membrane
Nodule
Opportunistic
Papule Petechiae Port-wine stain Postherpetic neuralgia Prodrome Purpura Pustule Pyemia Scale Scar
Spider angioma
Ulcer
Venous star Vesicle
a small varicose vein that occurs secondary to prolonged venous pressure a small circumscribed elevation of the skin containing fluid; blister a circumscribed slightly reddened papule or irregular plaque of edema of the skin usually accompanied by intense itching Click here to go to the top of the page
Wheal

Cast Compartment syndrome a nonflexible encasement of a fractured extremity condition that occurs when increased pressure in a limited space compromises circulation and nerve function leading to possible necrosis the property that causes the shortening of the muscle in response to a stimulus an event that occurs when the end of the bone is no longer articulated in the joint capsule the property that causes the muscle to return to its normal shape and form after contracting or extending the property that allows the muscle to receive a stimulus and act on that stimulus property that enables the muscle to lengthen or "extend" in response to a stimulus a surgical procedure that cuts away the fascia to relieve tension or pressure any disruption in the bone itself necrosis or tissue death an inflammatory disorder that causes uric acid crystals to form in a joint a forward rounding of the thoracic spine
Contractibility
Dislocation
Elasticity
Excitability
Extensibility
Fasciotomy
Fracture Gangrene
Gout Kyphosis
Lordosis Osteoarthritis
an exaggeration of the lumbar curve of the spine degenerative joint disease; a "wear-and-tear" disease caused by overuse and/or injury to the joint a demineralization process of the bones causing them to become spongy deformed and easily fractured experience of pain sensation in an absent extremity a lateral deviation of the spine a condition that occurs when a ligament (dense connective tissue that connects one bone to another) is twisted in an unusual fashion a condition that occurs when a ligament (dense connective tissue that connects one bone to another) has been extended through more than the normal range of motion production of pus a method of providing a steady and continuous pull that maintains the fractured bone in good alignment Click here to go to the top of the page
Osteoporosis Phantom pain Scoliosis
Sprain
Strain
Suppuration
Traction

Asphyxiation Atelectasis Bronchitis oxygen deprivation or suffocation the collapse of a lobe or of an entire lung the inflammation of one or more bronchi; also may include the trachea
Chronic obstructive a lung disorder characterized by airway obstruction caused by pulmonary disease chronic bronchitis or emphysema (COPD) Clubbing condition caused by long-term lack of oxygen in which the base of the nail becomes swollen and the ends of the fingers and toes increase in size right ventricular heart failure due to prolonged pulmonary hypertension
Cor pulmonale
Diffusion
the movement of gases or other particles from an area of greater pressure or concentration to an area of lower pressure or concentration a pulmonary condition characterized by overinflation and destruction of the alveolar walls exhalation a measurement of the percentage of erythrocytes an oxygen-carrying red pigment an accumulation of blood in the pleural space that causes partial or complete collapse of the lung on the affected side excess of carbon dioxide in the blood; hypercarbia excess of carbon dioxide in the blood; hypercapnia an increased rate and depth of respirations reduced oxygen in the blood condition of insufficient oxygen anywhere in the body positive sign of Mantoux test; a raised reddened area that may become hard inhalation a particular type of hyperventilation that accompanies metabolic acidosis a necrotic area in the lung that forms as a result of consolidation a rare tumor of the pleura or peritoneum membranes that may develop as a result of asbestos exposure or other inhaled irritants excess fluid accumulated in the pleural space chronic lung diseases caused when the client has long-term exposure to inorganic dusts such as asbestos or coal (black lung disease) an accumulation of air or gas in the pleural space that causes partial or complete collapse of the lung on the affected side
emphysema Expiration Hematocrit Hemoglobin
Hemothorax
Hypercapnia Hypercarbia Hyperventilation Hypoxemia Hypoxia Induration Inspiration Kussmaul respiration Lung abscess Mesothelioma Pleural effusion
Pneumoconioses
Pneumothorax
Pulmonary function methods to measure lung volume and capacity tests (PFT) inward movement of the tissues over the chest Retractions Sputum Status asthmaticus Suctioning the mucus secreted by the lungs bronchi and trachea a severe prolonged asthma attack that is unresponsive to treatment aspirating secretions usually through a catheter a surgical incision in the trachea just below the larynx through which a tracheostomy tube is inserted lesion that develops in the primary stage of tuberculosis breathing Click here to go to the top of the page
Tracheostomy
Tubercle Ventilation

Aneurysm Angina pectoris Arteriosclerosis Aschoff's nodules Atherosclerosis a weakening and dilation in the wall of a blood vessel chest pain caused by reduced oxygen supply to the heart condition in which the elastic and muscular tissues of the arteries are replaced with fibrous tissue vegetative growth on the leaflets of the valves a buildup of fatty plaque on the inside of the arteries that causes narrowing of the lumen to the point of blockage chambers on either side of the heart which receive blood from the pulmonary veins (left a.) or venae cavae (right a.) and deliver it to the ventricle on the same side condition in which heartbeats become irregular and abnormally slow contraction and relaxation of the heart the amount of blood pumped by the ventricles in 1 minute; stroke volume X pulse rate
Atrium
Bradycardia Cardiac cycle Cardiac output
condition that occurs when fluid accumulates in the pericardial sac Cardiac tamponade impairing the diastolic filling of the heart Cardiomyopathy Cardioversion Commissurotomy Compression sclerotherapy Congestive heart failure (CHF) Dysrhythmia Ejection fraction Embolectomy Endarterectomy Endocarditis Fibrinolytics Inotropics Intermittent claudication Ischemia Malignant hypertension Myocardial infarction Myocarditis Necrosis Occlusion Pacemaker a group of diseases that affect the heart muscle a noninvasive therapy that attempts to restore the heart's natural pacemaker the sinoatrial node surgical separation of valve leaflets procedure that obliterates unwanted veins by injection of a hardening agent inability of the heart to function effectively as a pump (arrhythmia) pulse with an irregular rhythm percentage of blood in the ventricle surgical removal of an embolism removal of the lining of the artery the inflammation of the valves and lining of the heart medications that dissolve blood clots drugs that increase the force of contraction of the heart a symptom of ischemia that causes cramping pains and weakness in the calves of the legs while walking a deficiency in the blood supply to the tissue condition in which the blood pressure elevates rapidly and progressively until the diastolic pressure is greater than 120 mm Hg condition that occurs when blood flow through one of the coronary arteries is completely blocked the inflammation of the heart muscle death of cells or tissues through injury or disease blockage a device used to restore an effective heart rate when the heart's
natural pacemakers fail Pericardiocentesis Pericarditis Pericardium surgical drainage of the pericardium an inflammation acute or chronic of the sac (pericardium) that encloses and protects the heart sac surrounding the heart
Peripheral vascular conditions of the arteries veins and lymph vessels outside the heart disease a circumscribed solid elevation of the skin (e.g. psoriasis actinic keratosis) (30); a fibrous fatty material Plaque Precordial Primary (or essential) hypertension Pulmonary edema Secondary hypertension Septum relating to the area over the heart and lower thorax a condition of abnormally high blood pressure in the arterial system a life-threatening complication of leftsided congestive heart failure; when fluids and blood accumulate in the lungs in large amounts the alveoli fill up and air exchange is nonexistent elevated blood pressure due to another medical diagnosis wall a regular heartbeat that originates in the sinoatrial node or pacemaker of the heart hardening of the cusps of the valves that prevents the valves from opening completely and slows blood flow into the next chamber amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction (about 70 mL) fainting condition that occurs when the heartbeats become irregular and abnormally fast remote monitoring failure of the valves to close completely forcing blood back into the previous chamber when the heart contracts swollen knotted and tortuous veins with poorly functioning valves
Sinus rhythm
Stenosis
Stroke volume Syncope
Tachycardia
Telemetry Valvular insufficiency Varicose veins
Vein stripping Venous stasis ulcers Ventricle
the surgical removal of the varicose veins open sores that appear on the lower legs due to poor circulation to the legs small cavity found on either side of the heart Click here to go to the top of the page

Agranulocytosis the absence of any white blood cells a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin caused by decreased production or increased destruction of red blood cells or by blood loss red blood cells a very serious complication of a bone marrow transplant where the client's own body attacks itself especially the liver the skin and the gastrointestinal tract cessation of bleeding white blood cells lower than normal number of white blood cells a fluid that resembles plasma but has less protein enlargement of lymph nodes inflammation of a lymphatic vessel the inability of the lymph system to remove all the lymph fluid from the interstitial tissues a decreased number of red blood cells white blood cells and platelets a clear yellow protein-rich fluid elements in the blood that are necessary for proper blood
Anemia
Erythrocytes Graft versus host disease Hemostasis Leukocytes Leukopenia Lymph Lymphadenopathy Lymphangitis Lymphedema
Pancytopenia Plasma Platelets
coagulation an inherited disorder that distorts red blood cells causing chronic anemia acutely painful condition that occurs when sickled red blood cells become lodged in capillaries occluding blood flow to the affected area an inherited defect in the formation of hemoglobin sickle hemoglobin (hemoglobin S) a factor that if inherited from both parents results in sickle cell anemia immature cells that have the ability to change into any of the blood cells depending on what the body needs at the time platelets a decrease in the platelet count to lower than 100000/mL of blood a protein manufactured by the liver the kidney the smooth muscle and the bone marrow that regulates the production of platelets occurs when the donor's red cells rupture or hemolyze and release their hemoglobin with dangerous or even lethal results Click here to go to the top of the page
Sickle cell anemia
Sickle cell crisis
Sickle cell disease Sickle cell trait
Stem cell Thrombocytes Thrombocytopenia
Thrombopoietin
Transfusion reaction

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) Active immunity Allograft Antibodies Antigen infection that affects the immune system; the final stage of disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protection that occurs when a person produces his or her own antibodies tissue and organ transplants that are from the same species large molecules of proteins produced in reaction to antigens substance that identifies foreign substances and induces sensitivity or immune response
Attenuated Autograft Autoimmune disease Autoimmune disorder
weakened the transplant of the client's own tissue disorder in which the body perceives a portion of itself as foreign and responds accordingly disorder in which the body is unable to recognize normal cells and perceives them as foreign initiating an immune response that targets normal cells to be destroyed provided from the client for the client (e.g. blood drawn prior to surgery) the formation of calcium deposits in the connective tissue; usually found in fingers hands face trunk and on the skin above the elbows and knees cells involved in the inflammatory response; they make up the largest number of normal blood leukocytes immunologic similarity that permits successful homograft transplantation a virus that damages and destroys cells of the body's immune system cell receptor sites and markers that are unique to each individual occurring in the plasma targeting the immune system opportunistic diseases that may signal the presence of HIV identical twin elevated WBCs lower than normal number of white blood cells cells found in the blood and lymph that are involved in the immune capability of the body cells involved in the inflammatory response; they are the largest in size
Autologous
Calcinosis
Granulocytes
Histocompatibility Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Human leukocyte antigens Humoral Immunotropic Indicator diseases Isograft Leukocytosis Leukopenia Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Neurotropic Passive immunity Ptosis Raynaud's phenomenon Retrovirus
targeting cognitive functioning condition that occurs when a person is given antibodies from another source eye drooping a condition that causes the small blood vessels of the hands and feet to contract in response to cold or anxiety results in the hands or feet turning white and cold and then turning blue living and replicating within the host a physician specializing in inflammatory disorders; is often the specialist treating immune system disorders results from deposits of excess collagen with the skin layers. The skin appears thick tight shiny and can be darkly pigmented the abnormal growth of connective tissue that supports the skin and internal organs detectable levels of antibodies against the virus in the blood a person's blood contains antibodies for HIV the development of small painless red spider- like spots on the hands and face caused by swelling of tiny capillaries a tumor in the thymus gland a process that determines the ability of the cells to be compatible and lessens the risk of rejection a toxin that has been treated so that its toxic property is destroyed but its ability to stimulate production of antibodies remains medications that cause a person to develop active immunity against a specific organism a transplant from an animal species to a human Click here to go to the top of the page
Rheumatologist
Sclerodactyly
Scleroderma
Seroconversion Seropositive
Telangiectasis
Thymoma
Tissue typing
Toxoid
Vaccines Xenograft
Acceleration Action potential Afferent Aura Autonomic dysreflexia
injuries that occur when a moving object hits the head stimulus that raises a potential response ascending a transient neurologic event lasting 5 to 30 minutes and consisting of a visual disturbance (e.g. flashing lights blind spots) an exaggerated sympathetic response in spinal cord injuries at or above the T6 level
body system that regulates automatic or involuntary control of Autonomic nervous organ systems (such as cardiac muscle and glands) system Axons Brain abscess single fibers that carry nerve impulses away from the cell body an infection that has extended into the cerebral tissue or that is caused by organisms carried from other sites in the body a sudden nonconvulsive focal neurologic deficit; the common clinical manifestation of cerebrovascular disease; newest term for CVA or stroke cavities; dental decay body system composed of the brain and the spinal cord which act as the command and integration centers of the nervous system the abnormal accumulation of fluid or water in the intracellular space extracellular space or both a sudden nonconvulsive focal neurologic deficit involuntary spasmodic movements of the limbs and face a prolonged or irreversible period of unconsciousness a cerebral injury that occurs opposite the point of impact a focal cerebral injury directly under the area of impact injury that occurs when the head hits an immovable object the progressive loss of cognitive and intellectual functions without impairment of perception or consciousness
Brain attack
Caries Central nervous system Cerebral edema Cerebrovascular accident Chorea Coma Contrecoup Coup Deceleration
Dementia
Dendrites
neuron processes that conduct electrical currents toward the cell body areas of skin innervated by branches of a single spinal nerve descending an inflammation of the gray and white matter of the brain and the spinal cord a general term for the primary condition that causes seizures involuntary contraction or twitching of muscle fibers relaxed small collections of cell bodies found outside the CNS in the PNS involve neurons bilaterally; they often do not have a focal onset and they usually originate from a subcortical or deeper brain focus consists mostly of unmyelinated fibers and cell bodies paralysis of one-half of the body when it is divided along the median sagittal plane the pressure normally exerted by the cerebrospinal fluid that circulates around the brain and spinal cord and within the cerebral ventricles protective membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord an inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord carrying impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles glands and effector organs the whitish fatty material that covers most long nerve fibers the part of the Schwann cell (cell cytoplasm that ends up beneath the outermost part of the plasma membrane) external to the myelin sheath the supporting cells in the central nervous system nerve cells that are specialized to transmit nerve impulses from one part of the body to another
Dermatomes Efferent Encephalitis Epilepsy Fasciculations Flaccid Ganglia Generalized seizures Gray matter Hemiplegia
Intracranial pressure Meninges Meningitis
Motor
Myelin
Neurilemma
Neuroglia Neurons
Neuropathy Nystagmus Parasympathetic nervous system Paresthesia Paroxysmal
any disease of the nerves involuntary movement of the eyes part of the nervous system that restores the body to normal balance after a "fight-orflight" reaction numbness burning prickling tingling pain intense sudden and repeating event that begins with focal or local discharges in one part of the brain unilaterally; usually originating from the cortical brain tissue thus having a superficial focus
Partial seizure
portion of the nervous system that includes the cranial nerves and Peripheral nervous the peripheral or spinal nerves system (PNS) Peripheral neuropathy Phonophobia Photophobia Plasmapheresis Proprioception syndrome causing muscle weakness paresthesias impaired reflexes and autonomic symptoms in the hands and feet sensitivity to sound sensitivity to light the complete exchange of plasma decreased sense of temperature depth and vibration
a condition that occurs from a pattern of taking headache medications too often or in excess in which the medications stop Rebound headache relieving pain and actually begin to cause headaches Reflexes rapid predictable and involuntary responses to stimuli sudden explosive disorderly discharge of cerebral neurons characterized by an abrupt transient alteration in brain function having to do with the senses; carrying impulses toward the CNS pathways that regulate voluntary control (such as that needed to lift this book) of skeletal muscles temporary loss of reflex activity below the level of spinal cord injury prolonged partial or generalized seizures without recovery between attacks while still in the postictal phase or a single seizure that lasts
Seizure
Sensory Somatic nervous system Spinal shock Status epilepticus
more than 30 minutes Stroke a sudden nonconvulsive focal neurologic deficit the onset of delirium during the evening or night with impairment or disappearance during the day most often seen in mid- or later stages of dementia responds that is activates the "fight-or-flight" response to get the body moving in emergency or exciting situations functional junction that "joins" one neuron to another trigeminal neuralgia; extreme pain in the area of the maxillary and/or mandibular division of the trigeminal sensory root ringing in the ears jerky alternately contracting and relaxing bundles of nerve fibers that run through the CNS
Sundowning
Sympathetic nervous system Synapse
Tic douloureux Tinnitus Tonic-clonic Tracts
Transient ischemic a temporary loss of blood supply (oxygen) to an area of the brain attack tic douloureux; extreme pain in the area of the maxillary and/or Trigeminal mandibular division of the trigeminal sensory root neuralgia Vertigo White matter acute dizziness and lack of balance composed of dense collections of myelinated tracts Click here to go to the top of the page

Achalasia Adhesions Anastomosis Ascites Asterixis condition that occurs when the cardiac sphincter of the stomach does not relax to allow food to pass into the stomach scar tissue that can cause a kinking of the intestine alignment and suturing fluid accumulations in the abdomen a unique flapping tremor of the hands with a rapid nonrhythmic
extension and flexion in the wrist and fingers Autodigestion inflammation of the pancreas; can be acute or chronic a greenish-brown liquid that consists of water bile salts bile pigment cholesterol and inorganic salts; needed to emulsify (break apart) lipids for digestion abnormally loud intense frequent bowel sounds usually caused by hunger drugs that induce defecation an inflammation of the gallbladder a hormone that causes the gallbladder to contract and release bile the formation of gallstones a chronic disease that leads to the development of scar tissue (fibrous connective tissue) in the liver an opening into the colon fewer than three bowel movements per week removal of stomach contents and gas from the stomach and intestines term used for liquid feces and increased frequency of defecation a condition characterized by an outpouching of bowel mucosa an outpouching or protrusion of inner tissue layers through a weakness in the muscle wall occurs when food passes rapidly into the intestines also known as indigestion; an upper gastrointestinal regurgitation of gastric contents difficulty swallowing fecal material vomit
Bile
Borborygmi Cathartics Cholecystitis Cholecystokinin Cholelithiasis Cirrhosis Colostomy Constipation Decompression
Diarrhea Diverticulosis
Diverticulum
Dumping syndrome Dyspepsia
Dysphagia Effluent Emesis
Enema Enteritis Eructation
a solution introduced into the rectum and large intestine inflammation of the intestines due to pathogenic organisms the expelling of gas from the stomach through the mouth commonly called belching a mass or collection of hardened putty-like feces in the folds of the rectum an abnormal passage from a body cavity or tube to another cavity or surface expelling of gas from the rectum consumption of contaminated foods or liquids that cause foodborne illness common GI surgery for weight loss that sutures off part of the stomach inflammation of the stomach caused by chemotherapy radiation therapy food contaminated with toxins significant alcohol intake or food allergies common disorder that results when gastric contents splash into the lower end of the esophagus the stomach is stapled creating a small pouch feeding through a tube inflamed gums test for occult blood vomiting blood which may be clotted and mixed with stomach contents condition that occurs when ammonia and nitrogen levels in the blood affect the central nervous system inflammation of the liver protuberance of an organ through a defect in the wall of the abdomen
Fecal impaction
Fistula
Flatulence
Food poisoning
Gastric bypass
Gastritis
Gastroesophageal reflux disease Gastroplasty Gavage Gingivitis Guaiac test Hematemesis
Hepatic encephalopathy Hepatitis
Hernia
Herniorrhaphy
surgical repair of a hernia condition that occurs when part of the stomach moves through an opening in the diaphragm into the chest cavity an opening into the ileum (small bowel) inability to control elimination a telescoping of the bowel into itself diminishing the lumen of the bowel washing out the stomach through a tube produces frequent soft or liquid stools sometimes accompanied by abdominal cramps smooth irregular white patches found on the tongue lips cheeks or oral mucosa blood in stools state of being 100 lb or more over normal weight for age height and build when the client is unable to take a deep breath while the physician applies pressure under the ribs on the right side the uncomfortable wavelike sensation that may or not lead to vomiting body weight that exceeds ideal body weight by more than 20% opening in the abdominal wall for the elimination of feces or urine inflammation of the pancreas; can be acute or chronic procedure involves the insertion of a needle through the abdominal wall to drain the fluid wavelike progressive movement infection of the peritoneal cavity sinus tract found at the upper end of the intragluteal cleft intense hunger and appetite
Hiatal hernia Ileostomy Incontinence Intussusception Lavage Laxative
Leukoplakia Melena
Morbid obesity
Murphy's sign
Nausea Obesity Ostomy Pancreatitis Paracentesis Peristalsis Peritonitis Pilonidal cyst Polyphagia
Pyloroplasty Pyrosis Rebound tenderness Retching
surgical enlargement of the pylorus or gastric outlet also known as heartburn; pain near the heart that results from reverse peristalsis of gastric acids pain on release of pressure over McBurney's point in a person with appendicitis action of vomiting without expelling gastric contents commonly called dry heaves increased pain on extension of the right hip in a client with appendicitis folds found in the stomach round muscles that allow food and digestive juices to pass through them when they are relaxed; when constricted they hold food and fluids in the stomach "fatty stools" that occur when there is inadequate breakdown of fats the inflammation of the oral cavity; caused by a bacteria virus or systemic disease painful straining to defecate an oral infection caused by the fungus Candida albicans that causes small white patches on the mouth and tongue
Rovsing's sign Rugae
Sphincters
Steatorrhea
Stomatitis
Tenesmus
Thrush
straining to have a bowel movement accompanied by holding the Valsalva maneuver breath Volvulus Vomiting twisted bowel causing restricted flow of bowel contents forceful expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth Click here to go to the top of the page

Acromegaly the secretion of too much growth hormone that occurs after the client is an adult
Addisonian crisis Cardiomegaly Chvostek's sign Cretinism
a severe form of Addison's disease that causes a life-threatening medical situation enlargement of the heart lip and facial spasm occurring when the facial nerve is tapped the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone in infancy
blood sugar elevation at approximately 3 A.M. possibly due to a Dawn phenomenon surge in growth hormone Diabetic ketoacidosis Dwarfism Endocrine glands Exocrine glands Exophthalmos Gigantism build-up of ketones in the blood signaling high blood sugar level and breakdown of fats for energy a condition in which the pituitary does not secrete enough growth hormone secrete hormones directly into the blood glands that secrete substances through ducts that reach the epithelial surface inside the body or on the skin bulging eyes resulting from enlarging tissue behind the eyes condition in which the pituitary secretes too much growth hormone prior to closure of the epiphyses in the bones painless enlargement of the thyroid gland hormones that stimulate the growth and maintenance of the gonads (ovaries and testes) enlargement of the liver processes by which body equilibrium is maintained chemical messengers that function individually high blood sugar caused by lack of an adequate amount of insulin or insufficient insulin action loss of consciousness that occurs when the client with Type 2 diabetes has extreme hyperglycemia low glucose levels
Goiter
Gonadotropins
Hepatomegaly Homeostasis Hormones
Hyperglycemia Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma Hypoglycemia
Insulin resistance Ketone bodies Myxedema
body's cells are affected by increased weight and are unable to use the insulin products of the breakdown of fatty acids the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone a severe form of hypothyroidism where lethargy progresses to hypothermia and coma a method by which hormone production is decreased
Myxedema coma Negative feedback
a benign tumor located in the adrenal medulla that causes excessive amounts of epinephrine and norepinephrine to be Pheochromocytoma produced Polydipsia Polyphagia Polyuria Somatotropin clients drink large amounts of fluid intense hunger and appetite diuresis; excessive urination a direct hormone that influences bone muscle and other tissues included in body growth a sudden drop in the blood sugar followed by a rebound hyperglycemic reaction cells found in organs that are influenced either by neurotransmitters or by hormones severe muscle spasms a severe form of hyperthyroidism that can occur when clients' hyperthyroidism is left untreated or after thyroid surgery; the manipulation of the thyroid gland during surgery causes it to dump a large amount of thyroid hormone into the bloodstream at one time a severe form of hyperthyroidism that can occur when clients' hyperthyroidism is left untreated or after thyroid surgery; the manipulation of the thyroid gland during surgery causes it to dump a large amount of thyroid hormone into the bloodstream at one time indirect-acting hormones that are secreted by one gland and target another endocrine gland stimulating growth and secretion carpal spasm occurring when the blood flow is constricted to the
Somogyi effect
Target cells Tetany
Thyroid storm
Thyrotoxicosis
Tropic hormones Trousseau's sign
lower arm Click here to go to the top of the page

Acute renal failure Anuria Azotemia Chronic renal failure Dialysis a sudden decrease in or total lack of kidney function; it can be reversed with prompt treatment low amounts of urine or no urine increased nitrogenous wastes in the blood including urea and creatinine a slow progressive deterioration in kidney function a process for eliminating nephrotoxins and retained fluid from the body pain on urination stage of failure in which the kidneys ultimately lose the ability to excrete waste products and regulate fluid and electrolytes urinary incontinence after voluntary control has normally been reached need to void more than usual
Dysuria End-stage renal disease Enuresis Frequency
an inflammatory disease of the glomerulus affecting kidney Glomerulonephritis function; can be acute or chronic Hematuria blood in the urine a process of removing waste products excess fluids and electrolytes from the blood distention of the renal pelvis caused by increased pressure due to urine backup inability to control elimination products of the breakdown of fatty acids an opening in the external body that serves as a passageway for
Hemodialysis
Hydronephrosis Incontinence Ketone bodies Meatus
the elimination of urine Micturition Nephrons Neurogenic bladder Nocturia Oliguria Peritoneal dialysis Polycystic kidney disease Polyuria Pyelonephritis Pyuria (voiding or urination) the process of emptying the urinary bladder functional units of the kidneys which filter the blood and remove metabolic wastes dysfunction of nerves supplying the bladder excessive nighttime urination low amounts of urine or no urine a process to remove extra fluid and waste products wherein the dialyzing solution is instilled directly into the abdomen a familial disease characterized by an enlarged kidney with multiple fluid-filled cysts diuresis; excessive urination an inflammation that affects the kidney pelvis and parenchyma pus in the urine a condition in which the kidneys are unable to carry out the normal functions necessary to eliminate waste products and maintain fluid and electrolyte balance urine remaining in the bladder following the voiding a toxic state marked by an accumulation of urea and other nitrogenous wastes in the blood an inflammation of the urethra and causes redness irritation edema of the mucosa and urethral discharge feeling that voiding must occur immediately the inability to empty the bladder completely Click here to go to the top of the page
Renal failure
Residual urine Uremia
Urethritis
Urgency Urinary retention
Amenorrhea Basal body temperature Cervical dysplasia Cervical os Cervix Climacteric Conization Contraception
absence of menstruation the lowest temperature reached in the female reproductive cycle indicative of ovulation abnormal changes in the tissue of the cervix the opening of the cervix lower portion of the uterus (also known as menopause) termination of the reproductive period in the female removal of a cone-shaped wedge of cervical tissue the prevention of pregnancy the ruptured follicle that produces estrogen and progesterone to support the endometrium until conception occurs or the cycle begins again a fluid-filled or semisolid sac originating in the subcutaneous tissue or dermis condition that occurs when the ligaments supporting the urinary bladder are damaged allowing the bladder to prolapse into the vagina opening of the cervix and scraping of the lining of the uterine walls painful menses painful intercourse pain on urination occurring outside of the uterus condition that occurs when endometrial tissue grows outside the uterine cavity an enclosed single coiled tube that serves as a duct through which the sperm passes from the testis to the outer surface the structures that allow passage of the ovum to the uterus
Corpus luteum
Cyst
Cystocele Dilatation and curettage (D&C) Dysmenorrhea Dyspareunia Dysuria Ectopic Endometriosis
Epididymis Fallopian tubes
Fertility awareness family planning based on the assumption that ovulation occurs at
the same time each month a freely movable rounded mass with well-defined borders and a solid rubbery texture fluid-filled mass caused by fibrosis in the breast the replacement of inflamed or damaged tissue with connective or scar tissue bottom or base of a hollow organ (such as the uterus) blood in the urine bloody sputum condition of excessive hair growth excessive proliferation of normal cells surgical removal of the uterus fertilization obtained through a laparoscopic procedure fertilized in the laboratory and then implanted into the uterus sexual intercourse between close blood relatives and may or may not be consensual the inability to achieve pregnancy after 1 year or more of unprotected intercourse tumors growing in a mammary duct
Fibroadenoma
Fibrocyst
Fibrosis
Fundus Hematuria Hemoptysis Hirsutism Hyperplasia Hysterectomy In-vitro fertilization Incest
Infertility Intraductal papillomas
a small T-shaped piece of metal covered with copper or Intrauterine device levonorgestrel placed in the uterus used for contraception (IUD) Lumpectomy Mammary glands Mammography Mammoplasty Mastectomy Menarche removal of the lump a network of ducts that carry the milk to the nipple diagnostic x-ray of the breast breast reconstruction removal of the breast the beginning of menstrual cycles during puberty
Menopause Menorrhagia Metrorrhagia Mittelschmerz Myomectomy Nocturia Oocyte Oophorectomy
permanent cessation of menstruation repetitive excessive or prolonged menstruation flow bleeding between periods abdominal pain with ovulation removal of tumor and surrounding myometrium excessive nighttime urination egg cell surgical removal of the ovaries flat almond-shaped glands located below the ends of the fallopian tubes release of the ovum
Ovaries
Ovulation
surgical removal of the bowel uterus ovaries fallopian tubes vagina Pelvic exenteration and bladder Pelvic inflammatory disease Penis Perineum Pessary an infection usually involving the fallopian tubes ovaries cervix uterus and peritoneum the cylindrical external structure in the male that encloses the urethra and contains erectile tissue area between the thighs extending from the pubis to the coccyx a plastic device shaped like a ring arch or ball that is placed in the vagina to support the uterus endocrine disorder resulting from numerous follicular cysts and characterized by higher than normal LH estrogen and androgen levels and low FSH levels a group of symptoms occurring 3 to 14 days prior to menstruation and relieved by the onset of menses the hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland stimulates milk production gland found in the male below the bladder and surrounding the urethra
Polycystic ovary syndrome Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) Prolactin
Prostate
Rape
forced sexual intercourse that involves vaginal anal or oral penetration hernial protrusion of part of the rectum into the vagina removal of the fallopian tubes pouch suspended from the perineal area of the male thick whitish secretion of reproductive organs in the male pouches along the lower posterior surface of the bladder male gametes or reproductive cells chemicals in the form of creams foams jellies or suppositories that are inserted into the vagina prior to sexual intercourse elasticity of cervical mucus which can be used to help determine the time of ovulation painful straining to defecate male gonads a condition in women caused by a bacterial toxin (usually staphylococcus aureus) entering the bloodstream the tissue between the vaginal opening and the anus the tying and cutting of the vas deferens or fallopian tubes the condition that occurs when the uterus descends into or out of the vaginal canal a hollow organ where the fertilized ovum is implanted and the embryo and fetus develop a tubular structure composed of muscle and membranous tissue connecting the vulva with the uterus the external opening of the vaginal canal dilated blood vessel in the testis surgical sterilization of male the collective term used for the external structures of the female
Rectocele Salpingectomy Scrotum Semen Seminal vesicles Sperm
Spermicides
Spinnbarkeit
Tenesmus Testes Toxic shock syndrome True perineum Tubal ligation Uterine prolapse
Uterus
Vagina
Vaginal introitus Varicocele Vasectomy Vulva
reproductive system surgical removal of the vulva labia majora and minora clitoris and prepuce Click here to go to the top of the page
Vulvectomy

Adenopathy Chancre Condylomata lata Gumma generalized lymph node swelling hard ulcer flat papules in the anal area or skin folds infectious granuloma
a transient immunologic reaction to antibiotic therapy of syphilis Jarisch-Herxheimer and certain other diseases characterized by fever headache myalgia reaction and significant chancre changes tertiary syphilis that can appear from 1 to 40 years following the onset of the infection; there is a high morbidity and mortality rate for clients warts inflammation of the uterine tube a small circumscribed elevation of the skin containing fluid; blister Click here to go to the top of the page
Neurosyphilis
Papillomata Salpingitis Vesicle

Arcus senilis Assisted living facilities a benign grayish haze of the outermost part of the cornea facilities that give residents independence to be in their own apartments or condominiums but that offer nursing or medical care on the grounds
Cataracts Gerontology Health conditions Macular degeneration Nocturnal myoclonus Osteopenia
a clouding of the lens in the eye that limits vision health specialty that focuses on care of the older adult the way a person has taken care of his or her body a disease that destroys sharp central vision sudden repetitive kicking or jerking movements of the lower extremities low bone mass atrophic changes to the muscles that support the tympanic membrane related to the aging process; the older adult's hearing becomes altered difficulty focusing on close objects foods or supplements containing live beneficial organisms an uncontrollable movement of the lower extremities ringing in the ears Click here to go to the top of the page
Presbycusis
Presbyopia Probiotics Restless leg syndrome Tinnitus

Bunions Bursitis Cardiomegaly Congestive heart failure (CHF) Diabetic retinopathy Diplopia Glaucoma a firm fluid-filled pad or bursa inflammation of the bursa sac and the adjoining fibrous tissue enlargement of the heart inability of the heart to function effectively as a pump condition in diabetics wherein circulatory changes in the blood vessels of the eye cause small blood vessels to hemorrhage into the vitreous humor of the eye double vision a disease progression in the eye characterized by increased
intraocular pressure an inflammatory disorder that causes uric acid crystals to form in a joint a deformity of the toe (usually the second toe) that causes the main toe joint to bend upward like a claw low glucose levels a generalized feeling of being unwell backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium displacement of the mitral valve usually due to benign proliferative changes of the valve leaflets hardening of the stapes to the oval window in the ear a condition which occurs when a client takes many different medications that interact with each other and create side effects persistent erection without any sexual desire backward flow as of urine a separation of the retina from the choroids an inflammation that appears as reddened dilated blood vessels and small eruptions or pimples on the nose and center of the face the onset of delirium during the evening or night with impairment or disappearance during the day most often seen in mid- or later stages of dementia Click here to go to the top of the page
Gout
Hammertoe
Hypoglycemia Malaise Mitral regurgitation Mitral valve prolapse Otosclerosis Polypharmacy Priapism Reflux Retinal detachment Rosacea
Sundowning

Algor mortis Autopsy Cerebral death the gradual decrease of the body's temperature after death an examination of the body after death irreversible damage to the cerebral cortex
Chronic illness
disease that produces symptoms and signs within a variable period of time that persists over a long and variable time and that allows only partial recovery due to the eventual presence of irreversible pathological changes a prolonged or irreversible period of unconsciousness an unconscious response of professionals in which they hold back emotionally especially from dying clients an order to prevent interventions the client does not wish to have performed when death approaches
Coma Distancing
Do not resuscitate
(also called medical power of attorney) a written statement Durable power of appointing someone else to manage healthcare treatment decisions attorney for health when the client is unable to do so care Exacerbation reactivation of a disease and recurrence of symptoms care that incorporates the holistic concepts of palliative care and is provided for terminally ill clients with a prognosis of 6 months or less survival time a document that provides specific instructions about what medical treatment the client chooses to omit or refuse in the event that he or she is unable to make those decisions Discoloration of surrounding tissues caused after blood circulation has ceased; the red blood cells break down releasing hemoglobin a shift in treatment goals from curing a disease to providing relief from suffering health promotion and specific protection against diseases the set of skills and activities applied to client care to assist the individual to return to his or her maximum level of functioning the period during which a disease is controlled and symptoms are not obvious the stiffening of the body that begins about 2 to 4 hours after death early detection of disease and prompt intervention to halt disease progression a large piece of plastic or cotton material used to enclose a body after death
Hospice
Living will
Livor mortis
Palliative care Primary prevention Rehabilitation
Remission
Rigor mortis Secondary prevention Shroud
Terminal illness
an illness from which there is no reasonable expectation of survival
rehabilitation (appropriate to the stage of disability) preventing further complications and restoring functioning to the highest Tertiary prevention possible level Vegetative state irreversible state of unconsciousness Click here to go to the top of the page

Adjuvant chemotherapy Adjuvant therapy Anaplastic chemotherapy used to enhance the result of another therapy a treatment used to enhance the result of another therapy lacking structural differentiation a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin caused by decreased production or increased destruction of red blood cells or by blood loss removal of components of the blood in this case the stem cells which produce mature blood cells
Anemia
Apheresis
soluble substances capable of stimulating or suppressing the Biological response immune system modifiers the surgical removal of living tissue from an organ or other part of the body for microscopic examination in order to establish a diagnosis or follow the course of a disease the manipulation of the immune system to restore augment or modulate its function physical wasting and weight loss malignant tumor capable of metastasis and invasion characterized by uncontrolled growth genes with the opposite function of oncogenes; they "turn off" cell division and inhibit malignant growth the production of cancer; carcinogenic substances increase the likelihood of developing cancer
Biopsy
Biotherapy Cachexia Cancer Cancer suppressor genes Carcinogenesis
Differentiation Leukopenia Limb salvage
the process by which cells become adapted for specific functions lower than normal number of white blood cells the surgeon's act of saving part of the limb but a significant portion of the limb is removed or some functionality is lost cancerous cells that have traveled from the primary site to a distant site the lowest point that the blood cell counts reach before they begin to rebound following chemotherapy any abnormal growth of new tissue that may be harmless (benign) or cancerous (malignant) a decrease in the number of a specific type of white blood cells called neutrophils genes found in the chromosomes of tumor cells the study of cancer original histologic site of tumor; tissue where tumor originated new histologically separate malignant neoplasm in a person with a primary tumor a run-through of the radiation procedure a decrease in the platelet count to lower than 100000/mL of blood mass of tissue that may be benign or malignant Click here to go to the top of the page
Metastasis
Nadir
Neoplasm
Neutropenia Oncogenes Oncology Primary tumor Second primary tumor Simulation Thrombocytopenia Tumor

Aphasia Custodial care Disability reduced ability or inability to speak or understand verbal or written language ongoing maintenance care the degree of observable and measurable impairment
Handicap
the total adjustment to disability that limits functioning at a normal level a disturbance in structure or function resulting from physiologic or psychological abnormalities law passed to improve nursing homes and extended-care facilities the set of skills and activities applied to client care to assist the individual to return to his or her maximum level of functioning facilities in which clients require specialized care Click here to go to the top of the page
Impairment Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) Rehabilitation Skilled-care facilities

ACLS (advanced cardiac life support) a specialized training course that prepares the healthcare professional to perform advanced lifesaving skills or techniques on the client (basic life support) a specialized training course that prepares the healthcare professional to perform basic lifesaving skills or techniques (CPR Heimlich maneuver defibrillation etc.) the insertion of an IV needle into the body
BLS
Cannulation
a combination of oral resuscitation and external cardiac massage Cardiopulmonary always performed on clients who have an absent pulse resuscitation (CPR) Cervical spine alignment Defibrillator a manual maneuver performed to maintain a client in proper spinal alignment an instrument that provides various voltages of electricity (measured in joules) to trigger the electrical impulses of the heart two-medication bronchodilator given via nebulizer for improved gas exchange in cases of respiratory insufficiency (also called ER for emergency room or ED for emergency department) a center where staffing is maintained around the clock to provide care for high acuity cases such as trauma characterized by normal easy respirations
DuoNeb
Emergency care
Eupneic
(also called third-degree burns) involvement of all layers of skin in Full-thickness burn a burn Hazmat High acuity hazardous material very urgent and possibly life threatening (pediatric advanced life support) a specialized training course that prepares the healthcare professional to perform advanced lifesaving skills or techniques on the pediatric client (second-degree burn) chemical or thermal damage that does not involve all the skin layers test that evaluates maximum airflow during forced expiration and monitors bronchospasm in asthmatic clients drawing and dispensing of blood life-threatening condition of inadequate tissue perfusion immediate (also called first-degree burns) burns that injure only the epidermis and may be caused by everyday events such as touching a hot element on the stove shunting of fluids into the extracellular space determination of the correct volume for administration system of prioritizing victims' care needs from most severe to least injured or ill care for minor injuries and acute illnesses (e.g. strep throat) when clients cannot see their primary care provider (PCP) or if they do not have a designated healthcare provider Click here to go to the top of the page
PALS
Partial-thickness burn Peak flow test Phlebotomy Shock Stat
Superficial burns
Third spacing Titration
Triage
Urgent care

Adult day care center that provides health and social services to the older adult who is still living at home
Ambulatory care nursing Assisted living facilities
facility that meets the needs of the ambulatory older adult; various degrees of personal care assistance may be provided facilities that give residents independence to be in their own apartments or condominiums but that offer nursing or medical care on the grounds walk-in medical facility where clients can obtain diagnostic testing or treatment before returning home the same day; also known as ambulatory care center nurse who provides for the health care of inmates in correctional facilities such as juvenile offender homes jails prisons and penitentiaries
Clinic
Correctional nurse
medical facilities whose focus is on psychosocial issues and mental Mental health clinic health status of its clients health facility in which the client arrives early in the day has a surgical procedure and returns home after he or she is fully recovered from anesthesia
Same-day surgery clinic
room or area within a school where medications and first aid School health office supplies are kept and distributed by qualified personnel ambulatory care centers located in a number of intercity school districts which perform a higher level of care than the typical school nurse office a device for measuring the amount of abnormal spinal curvature a daytime program for children where LPNs/LVNs may obtain work companion nurse; a licensed nurse who works for a company that contracts with healthcare agencies to provide them with staff walk-in medical facility where clients can obtain treatment for minor injuries and acute illnesses Click here to go to the top of the page
School-based health clinic Scoliometer Summer day camp Traveling nurse
Urgent care office

Alogia restriction in the fluency and productivity of speech
Anhedonia Avolition Catatonic behavior Delusions
lack of ability to feel pleasure a lack of motivation a marked decrease in response to the environment fixed false beliefs an oil-based medication form of the drug injected intramuscularly for the purpose of slow release of the drug over several weeks lack of goal orientation inability to sort and interpret incoming sensory information or respond appropriately abstract thinking and problem solving absence of facial expressions or other body language indicating feelings sensory perceptions that seem very real but occur without external stimulus self-understanding process of small seizure activity that builds into a major seizure or manic episode the relatively stable way that a person thinks feels and behaves an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior characterized by a lack of self-identity and maladaptive rigid thinking that lead to self-defeating behaviors fast and determined speech that is hard to interrupt warning phase of a condition or disease lack of activity a major feature of schizophrenia including abnormal interpretation of reality decreased ability to relate to self and others decreased ability to function and disorganized thoughts and behavior negative cultural attitude that marks people with disgrace
Depot injection Disorganized behavior Disorganized thinking Executive function Flat affect
Hallucinations Insight Kindling Personality Personality disorder Pressured speech Prodromal phase Psychomotor retardation Psychosis
Stigma
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Abstinence complete lack of drug use eating in a limited period of time (usually within 2 hours) an amount of food that is definitely larger than most individuals would eat under similar circumstances weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters filling in gaps in memory with imagined or made-up events tolerance to several drugs in the same classification an attempt to ignore unacceptable realities by refusing to acknowledge them an eating disorder in which clients with Type 1 diabetes deliberately give themselves less insulin for the purpose of weight loss thought process in which something is either all one way or all its opposite a reversible set of physical psychologic and behavioral symptoms caused by use of a substance a group of symptoms which include amnesia disorientation to time and place confabulation and severe peripheral neuropathy caused by a deficiency in the B vitamins including thiamine riboflavin and folic acid (metabolic syndrome) a group of related metabolic disorders including obesity insulin resistance and complications of Type 2 diabetes muscle cramps of sudden onset and later development of pain tenderness and edema of the skeletal muscles especially of the legs self-induced vomiting or abuse of laxatives or diuretics return to drug use after abstinence a maladaptive pattern of substance use despite adverse outcomes
Binge
Body mass index Confabulation Cross-tolerance Denial
Diabulimia
Dichotomous thinking Intoxication
Korsakoff's syndrome
Metabolic X syndrome
Myopathy Purging Relapse Substance abuse
Substance dependency Tolerance
involves tolerance withdrawal and compulsive use of substances a need for increased amounts of the substance to achieve the same effect or diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of the substance (alcoholic encephalopathy) the result of severe vitamin B1 deficiency caused by poor nutrition condition that occurs due to discontinuing or reducing use of a substance that has been heavy and prolonged and that results in significant distress or impairment in social or occupational functioning occurs Click here to go to the top of the page
Wernicke's syndrome
Withdrawal

Abortion expulsion from the uterus of an embryo or fetus prior to the stage of viability at about 20 weeks of gestation the withdrawal of amniotic fluid through a needle inserted into the abdomen and the uterus inner layer of the placenta absence of neural tissue in the cranium rebounding against the fingers by the fetus if the examiner puts two fingers into the vagina and pushes upward on the uterus used to assess five variables: fetal breathing fetal movement fetal tone fluid volume and fetal reaction painless contractions a bluish-purple discoloration of the cervix and vagina a darkening of the forehead cheeks and around the eyes remainder of the trophoblast becomes the outer layer of the membranes a yellowish fluid rich in antibodies secreted in the last trimester and the first few days following delivery
Amniocentesis Amnion Anencephaly Ballottement
Biophysical profile Braxton-Hicks contractions Chadwick's sign Chloasma Chorion
Colostrum
Conception Cotyledons Ductus arteriosus Ductus venosus Embryo Fertilization
the uniting of ovum and sperm irregular-sized sections of the maternal side of the placenta vessel that connects the main pulmonary artery to the aorta vessel that carries blood to the inferior vena cava the inner layer of the blastocyst (embryonic disk) the process of uniting a sperm and an ovum (egg) each containing 23 chromosomes to form one cell containing 46 chromosomes opening in the septum between the right atrium and left atrium the sound occurring at the fetal heart rate a softening of the cervix a pregnant woman softening of the lower uterine segment maintains the corpus luteum and stimulates it to continue producing estrogen and progesterone for another 11 to 12 weeks prolonged excessive vomiting the embedding of the blastocyst into the endometrium or decidua soft downy hair present on the fetus's or newborn's face arms and back release of milk after delivery a dark line on the abdomen from the umbilicus to the pubis newborn's first stool the zygote divides rapidly to form a many celled mulberry-shaped mass a woman who has been pregnant several times a woman who has had two or more pregnancies that resulted in viable fetuses whether or not the offspring were alive at birth
Foramen ovale Funic souffl Goodell's sign Gravida Hegar's sign Human chorionic gonadotropin Hyperemesis gravidarum Implantation Lanugo Let-down reflex Linea nigra Meconium
Morula
Multigravida
Multipara
Nonstress test Nulligravida Nullipara Para Postterm Pregnancy Presumptive signs Preterm Primigravida
used to assess fetal movement and fetal heart rate A woman who has never conceived A woman who has never borne a viable child A woman who has produced viable young whether the child was living at birth delivery after 42 weeks of pregnancy carrying the resulting offspring from fertilization in the uterus The subjective signs the mother experiences during pregnancy delivery after 24 weeks and before 38 weeks of pregnancy A woman pregnant for the first time A woman who has had one pregnancy that resulted in a viable child regardless of whether the child was living at birth and regardless of whether it was a single or multiple birth occurs when the nonpregnant woman so strongly wants to be pregnant that she experiences the presumptive signs first fetal movements felt by the mother a hormone produced by the placenta that causes softening in the collagen connective tissue of the symphysis pubis and sacroiliac joints inflammation of the uterine tube an incomplete closure of the vertebra and neural tube "stretch marks" occur when the underlying connective tissue separates during periods of rapid growth The period of pregnancy between 38 and 42 weeks gestation the progression of the pregnancy is described in 3-month blocks of time tube that connects the fetus to the placenta the sound occurring at the same rate as the maternal pulse
Primipara
Pseudopregnancy Quickening
Relaxin
Salpingitis Spina bifida Striae gravidarum Term
Trimesters
Umbilical cord Uterine souffl
Vernix caseosa Viability Wharton's jelly Zygote
white cheesy covering of the fetal or newborn skin the ability to live outside the uterus white gelatinous tissue fertilized egg Click here to go to the top of the page

Abruptio placentae Cerclage Eclampsia Ectopic pregnancy Gestational diabetes mellitus premature separation of the placenta surgical placement of sutures in the cervix to hold the cervix closed severe hypertensive disorder with pregnancy evidenced by grand mal seizures pregnancy in which a blastocyst implants outside the uterine cavity an abnormal glucose metabolism caused by the additional requirement for insulin during pregnancy
formerly called pregnancyinduced hypertension (PIH); hypertension Gestational occurring for the first time in midpregnancy and returning to hypertension (GH) normal levels by the 12th week after birth (hemolysis elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count) acronym for characteristics of severe preeclampsia with liver damage (molar pregnancy) a disease in which the trophoblast develops into hydropic vesicles instead of normal embryonic tissue (also called polyhydramnios) excessive amniotic fluid
HELLP syndrome
Hydatidiform mole Hydramnios
condition in which the cervix is weak dilates in the second trimester Incompetent cervix and expels the fetus pregnancy in which a blastocyst implants low in the uterus allowing the placenta to grow partially or totally across the cervical opening most common hypertensive disorder that occurs with pregnancy
Placenta previa Preeclampsia
Sequelae
a condition occurring because of another condition acronym for a group of infections that are particularly dangerous during pregnancy: toxoplasmosis rubella cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus type 2 Click here to go to the top of the page
TORCH group

Ballotable Breech Cephalic presentation Cephalopelvic disproportion Cesarean section Contractions Crowning able to be pushed away from the cervix buttocks-first position of the fetus head-down position of the fetus fetal head larger than the maternal pelvis surgical removal of the fetus from the mother the result of shortening of the uterine muscle fibers point when the largest part of the fetal head is past the vulva and remains visible between contractions first stage of labor beginning with regular contractions and ending with complete effacement and dilatation of the cervix a long difficult or abnormal labor pattern the shortening and thinning of the cervix entrance of the presenting part (usually the fetal head) into the true pelvis surgical cutting of the perineal tissue a spontaneous urge to push that occurs when the fetus touches the pelvic floor degree of flexion of the fetal head and limbs to the trunk relationship of the long axis (head to foot or cephalocaudal plane) of the fetus to the long axis of the mother
Dilatation stage Dystocia Effacement Engagement Episiotomy Ferguson's reflex Fetal attitude Fetal lie
Fetal position Fetal presentation
relationship of the presenting part to the four quadrants of the maternal pelvis body part of the fetus that is closest to the cervix passage (maternal structures through which the fetus must travel); passenger (fetus); power (strength needed to push the fetus through the passageway); position (of the mother during labor); psyche (mother's emotional status during labor) soft spots; membranous gaps in the bone structure of the skull a process or sequence of events that begins with uterine contractions and ends 1 hour after birth of the placenta descent of the fetus into the pelvis that may occur as early as 2 to 4 weeks prior to the onset of labor movements the fetus undergoes as it moves through the pelvis shaping of the fetal head to the bones of the maternal pelvis umbilical cord labor not beginning spontaneously by the 41st week of pregnancy a birth that occurs rapidly unexpectedly and without the attention of a physician or nurse midwife onset of regular contractions between the 20th and 37th week that cause changes in the cervix
Five Ps affecting labor
Fontanels Labor
Lightening Mechanisms of labor Molding Nuchal cord Post dates Precipitous birth
Preterm labor
Prolapsed umbilical umbilical cord positioned between the fetus and the cervix cord turning of the fetal head to be in normal alignment with the shoulders Restitution Station Tocolytic agents relationship between the fetus and the maternal ischial spines medications that inhibit contractions Click here to go to the top of the page
Afterpain Boggy Decidua Diastasis recti abdominis Engrossment Fundus Involution Kegel exercises Lochia
discomfort from uterine contractions after delivery soft and spongy tissue that lines the uterine wall during pregnancy a separation of the abdominal muscle a sense of interest and preoccupation bottom or base of a hollow organ (such as the uterus) a return to normal size tightening and lifting of the muscles that cross the pelvic floor discarded blood mucus and tissue the period beginning immediately after delivery of the placenta and ending when the body and reproductive organs return to a near prepregnant state a blood clot moving within the blood vessel clot formation in the vein Click here to go to the top of the page
Postpartum
Thromboembolism Thrombosis

Clonus a series of abnormal reflex movements of the foot in response to sudden dorsiflexion infection usually begins in the vagina and migrates upward into the uterus infection of the breast infection of the peritoneal cavity a rare infection of the uterus following childbirth
Endometritis Mastitis Peritonitis Postpartum (puerperal) infection Postpartum depression
a major mood disorder that most frequently appears 4 weeks post
delivery and upon weaning the child from the breast spread of bacteria from a local infection into the bloodstream; also known as blood poisoning failure of the uterus to return to its normal size failure of the uterus to contract following birth Click here to go to the top of the page
Septicemia
Subinvolution Uterine atony

Acrocyanosis Apneic spells Babinski's reflex Caput succedaneum Cephalhematoma Circumcision Cold stress Conduction Convection Ecchymosis a bluish discoloration of the hands and feet common for several hours after delivery periods without breathing dorsiflexion of the great toe and flaring of the other toes when the lateral side of the foot is stroked from heel to toe edema of the scalp an accumulation of blood between the periosteum and the skull bone the surgical removal of the foreskin (prepuce) of the penis increase in an infant's metabolism in response to excessive heat loss transfer of heat by direct contact with a cooler object the dispersion of heat by air currents purplish patch caused by extravasation (leaking) of blood into the skin small white cysts that may be present on the newborn's palate but disappear in a few weeks a benign raised pink papule with a light colored center resembling a mosquito bite which appears suddenly on the chest abdomen and back 24 to 48 hours after birth
Epstein's pearls
Erythema toxicum neonatorum
Evaporation Jaundice Lanugo Meconium
change of water to a gas or vapor which causes cooling a condition caused by excess bilirubin in the blood soft downy hair present on the fetus's or newborn's face arms and back newborn's first stool white pinpoint spots resembling whiteheads that appear on the neonate's face a few days after birth a dark discolored area found over the lower back and sacrum of infants of Black Hispanic south Asian or east Asian descent reaction that occurs when newborns have a sense of falling; they will quickly extend the arms (abduct) with fingers flared and thumb and first finger forming a "C"; the arms will then adduct in an embracing motion; the lower extremities may extend and then flex; a slight tremor may be noted inflammation of the eyes of the newborn resulting from contact with gonorrhea or chlamydia
Milia
Mongolian spot
Moro (or startle) reflex
Ophthalmia neonatorum
reaction that occurs when a finger or small object is placed in the newborn's hand; the finger will grasp tightly enough to be lifted Palmar grasp reflex from the bed Periodic breathing Petechiae irregular newborn respirations with brief (5 to 15 seconds) pauses pinpoint hemorrhages
reaction that occurs when the sole of the neonate's foot is touched the toes curl under as if newborns are trying to "grasp" with their Plantar grasp reflex feet Polydactyly presence of more than five fingers per hand or toes per foot
mucus or slightly bloody vaginal discharge which may be present in female newborns and disappears in a few days; related to the Pseudomenstruation influence of maternal hormones heat lost by transfer to cooler objects that are nearby but not in direct contact inward movement of the tissues over the chest reaction that occurs when the newborn's cheek is stroked the head
Radiation
Retractions Rooting reflex
will turn to the side that was stroked secretion consisting of epithelial cells found around the external genitalia reaction that occurs when newborns have a sense of falling; they will quickly extend the arms (abduct) with fingers flared and thumb and first finger forming a "C"; the arms will then adduct in an embracing motion; the lower extremities may extend and then flex; a slight tremor may be noted reaction in which newborns step as if walking when their feet touch a hard surface dark red spots on the eyelids forehead or nape of the neck an eye disorder in which the eyes cannot be directed to the same object reaction that is elicited when the newborn's lips are touched the fusion of two or more digits dark red spots on the eyelids forehead or nape of the neck maintenance of body heat reaction that occurs when the head is turned to one side newborns will extend the arm and leg on that side; the opposite arm and leg will flex white cheesy covering of the fetal or newborn skin skin between two or more digits whitish fluid that may be secreted by newborn's nipples Click here to go to the top of the page
Smegma
Startle reflex
Stepping reflex Stork bites Strabismus
Sucking reflex Syndactyly Telangiectatic nevi Thermoregulation
Tonic neck reflex
Vernix caseosa Webbing Witches' milk

Bronchopulmonary permanent lung disease resulting from damage to the alveoli dysplasia Circumoral around the mouth
Cleft lip
condition that results from failure of the upper lip to join medially condition that results from failure of the medial nasal and maxillary processes to join leaving an opening between the roof of the mouth and the floor of the nasal passage a condition that occurs when the abdominal contents protrude through a weakness in the diaphragm condition in which the urethral meatus opens onto the dorsal (upper) surface of the penis
Cleft palate
Diaphragmatic hernia Epispadias
condition in which the esophagus ends in a blind pouch before Esophageal atresia reaching the stomach Exstrophy of the bladder a rare condition in which the abdominal wall fails to fuse allowing the urinary bladder to protrude to the outside
an infant who is born prior to 38 weeks' gestation or after 42 weeks' gestation who has alterations in intrauterine growth or who High-risk newborn has a medical condition that requires frequent monitoring and treatment Hyperbilirubinemia an increase in bilirubin above normal limits condition in which the urinary meatus opens onto the ventral (lower) surface of the penis condition in infants whose intrauterine growth is below that expected for gestational age a metal bow taped to both sides of the suture line of a surgical closure as in closure of a cleft lip condition of a newborn whose birth weight is over the 90th percentile for gestational age inhalation by the newborn of amniotic fluid containing meconium herniation of the meninges through a vertebral defect herniation of the spinal nerves as well as the meninges through a vertebral defect distressed behavior of infants exposed to chemical substances in utero a rare congenital malformation of the abdominal wall that allows
Hypospadias Intrauterine growth restriction Logan clamp
Macrosomia Meconium aspiration Meningocele
Meningomyelocele Neonatal abstinence syndrome Omphalocele
the abdominal contents to herniate into the umbilical cord Spina bifida Talipes an incomplete closure of the vertebra and neural tube (also known as clubfoot) a unilateral or bilateral twisting of the foot usually inward
a condition in which there is a connection between the trachea and Tracheoesophageal esophagus fistula Trisomy 21 chromosomal abnormality (three chromosomes at position 21) resulting in Down syndrome Click here to go to the top of the page

Anticipatory guidance Appendicular skeleton Autonomy Epiphyseal plate Fontanels information that helps parents prepare for expected physical and behavioral changes during their child's or teen's current and approaching stages of development structure that consists of the bones of the arms and legs the right and ability to make one's own decisions a layer of cartilage in the metaphysis of the bone soft spots; membranous gaps in the bone structure of the skull ( pectus excavatum) condition in which the lower portion of the sternum is depressed movement to increase community service over institutional service in order to provide the developmentally disabled with the least restrictive environment (pectus carinatum) condition in which the sternum protrudes causing an increase in the anteroposterior diameter a lateral deviation of the spine Click here to go to the top of the page
Funnel chest
Mainstreaming
Pigeon chest Scoliosis

Allis's sign assessment for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) demonstrated by placing the infant supine on the examination table with the hips and knees flexed and feet flat on the table; dislocation of the hip is indicated if the knee on the affected side is lower complications of phimosis enlarged eyeball abdominal pain caused by periodic spasm of the intestines a term representing a group of respiratory illnesses that result from inflammation and swelling of the epiglottis larynx trachea and bronchi undescended testicles the process of administering small amounts of dilute allergen to stimulate the body's immune system an outpouching or protrusion of inner tissue layers through a weakness in the muscle wall a condition in which words are incessantly repeated increased tearing of the eye beyond normal limits condition in which the urethral meatus opens onto the dorsal (upper) surface of the penis a cast covering the upper thighs and lower torso an accumulation of fluid in the scrotal sac distention of the renal pelvis caused by increased pressure due to urine backup growth hormone deficiency from injury or disease of the hypothalamus or pituitary gland inheritance or genetic mutation condition in which the urinary meatus opens onto the ventral (lower) surface of the penis
Balanoposthitis Buphthalmos Colic
Croup
Cryptorchidism Desensitization
Diverticulum Echolalia Epiphora Epispadias Hip spica cast Hydrocele
Hydronephrosis
Hypopituitarism
Hypospadias
Inotropics Meconium ileus
drugs that increase the force of contraction of the heart retention of meconium in the GI tract (Hirschsprung's disease) disorder that occurs when the autonomic parasympathetic nerve ganglia that cause normal peristalsis are absent (cystic fibrosis) an inherited recessive disorder of the exocrine glands affecting predominantly Caucasian children (Wilms' tumor) a highly metastatic cancerous tumor of the kidney surgical procedure to reposition the testes in the scrotum assessment for developmental dysplasia of the hip in which the hip is manipulated with gentle lateral pressure abduction and rotation eliciting a click if DDH exists the inability to return the foreskin over the glans causing constriction of the penis the inability to retract the foreskin of the penis due to a tightened prepuce a craving to eat substances that are not food a familial disease characterized by an enlarged kidney with multiple fluid-filled cysts removal of the obstructed ureteral segment and replacement into the renal pelvis
Megacolon
Mucoviscidosis Nephroblastoma Orchiopexy
Ortolani-Barlow maneuver
Paraphimosis
Phimosis Pica Polycystic kidney disease Pyeloplasty
a state of extreme discomfort an infant or toddler experiences when Separation anxiety separated from loved ones Shaken baby syndrome closed head injury that is a result of head trauma either from an external force such as a fall or an internal force (celiac disease or gluten-sensitive enteropathy) a chronic malabsorption syndrome in which the child is unable to digest gluten pooling of urine or other body fluid in an organ excessive repetitive behaviors such as hand movements or rocking present in children with autism (also known as clubfoot) a unilateral or bilateral twisting of the foot
Sprue
Stasis
Stereotypy Talipes
usually inward Valve ablation Volvulus removal of a faulty valve twisted bowel causing restricted flow of bowel contents Click here to go to the top of the page

Circumoral Closed reduction Compartment syndrome around the mouth manually moving the bones into alignment condition that occurs when increased pressure in a limited space compromises circulation and nerve function leading to possible necrosis temporary neurologic impairment due to stretching compressing or tearing of nerve fibers near the brain an increased amount of blood in the conjunctiva Phthirus pubis or pubic lice condition in which the cartilage of the nose bulges or deviates to one side
Concussion Conjunctival hyperemia Crabs Deviated septum
degenerative muscle disorder; sex-linked recessive disorder carried Duchenne's by mothers and passed to their sons muscular dystrophy condition associated with constipation and fecal retention in which watery stools bypass the hard fecal mass and may be confused with diarrhea urinary incontinence after voluntary control has normally been reached nosebleed surgical repair of a hernia growth hormone excess
Encopresis
Enuresis Epistaxis Herniorrhaphy Hyperpituitarism
Hyphema Hypoalbuminemia Incarceration
hemorrhage into the anterior chamber of the eye low blood albumin levels condition in which a hernia cannot be reduced and circulation is impaired condition that occurs when abdominal tissue such as the bowel extends into the inguinal canal a deficiency in protein in the diet that results in muscle wasting surgically aligning the bone and stabilizing the ends with nails plates or screws rigid hyperextension of the entire body infection of the bone an infestation with lice protein in the urine a fatal infection of the central nervous system condition caused by a vitamin D deficiency term for some tinea infections condition caused by a lack of vitamin C in the diet surgical removal of the palatine and pharyngeal tonsils inflammation of the palatine tonsils condition resulting from a weakness in the umbilical ring; appearing as a soft swelling under the umbilical cord which is covered by skin Click here to go to the top of the page
Inguinal hernia Kwashiorkor Open reduction Opisthotonos Osteomyelitis Pediculosis Proteinuria Rabies Rickets Ringworm Scurvy Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T&A) Tonsillitis
Umbilical hernia

Amblyopia a reduction in vision in which there is no pathology in the eye
Astigmatism Chorea Erythema marginatum Ewing's sarcoma Glucosuria
visual disturbances that occur when light rays do not uniformly focus on the eye due to abnormal curvature of cornea or lens involuntary spasmodic movements of the limbs and face transient rash characterized by nonpruritic red macular lesions that blanch in the center a malignant tumor found most commonly in the femur pelvis tibia fibula ribs humerus scapula and clavicle glucose excreted in the urine condition characterized by increased total cholesterol low-density lipoproteins and triglycerides accompanied by decreased highdensity lipoproteins visual disturbance that occurs when light is focused behind the retina visual disturbance that occurs when light is focused in front of the retina
Hyperlipidemia
Hyperopia
Myopia
the presence of any secondary sex characteristics before the age of Precocious puberty 8 in girls and before the age of 9 in boys a malignant tumor originating in the muscle around the eye in the neck and less commonly in the abdomen genitourinary tract and Rhabdomyoscaroma extremities an eye disorder in which the eyes cannot be directed to the same object inflammation of the vagina Click here to go to the top of the page
Strabismus
Vaginitis

Adolescence the period of growth and development that begins with the appearance of secondary sex characteristics and ends with the cessation of physical growth and emotional maturity basic acne lesion random inflammation of the entire gastrointestinal tract that
Comedo Crohn's disease
involves all layers of the bowel wall (mononucleosis or "kissing disease") immune disorder caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) painless enlargement of the thyroid gland the beginning of menstrual cycles during puberty (metabolic syndrome) a group of related metabolic disorders including obesity insulin resistance and complications of Type 2 diabetes familial disorder marked by periodic unilateral pulsating headache that often begins during adolescence and continues into adulthood removal of one testis and spermatic cord with removal of the retroperitoneal lymph nodes surgical procedure to reposition the testes in the scrotum functional part of an organ age when the reproductive organs become functional and secondary sex characteristics develop a process of naming the extent of the spread of cancer inflammation with sloughing of the mucosa of the large intestine Click here to go to the top of the page
Glandular fever Goiter Menarche Metabolic X syndrome
Migraine
Orchiectomy
Orchiopexy Parenchymal Puberty Staging Ulcerative colitis

Accommodation alternating change in pupil size (constricts when looking at the near object dilates when looking at a distant one) (19); strategy in which one person or a group is willing to yield to the other making unilateral decisions while dominating team members strategy that is lose-lose; one side denies that a problem exists or withdraws so there is no active resolution situation in which the client's condition is predictable and the
Autocratic Avoidance Basic client situation
clinical condition requires only basic nursing care nursing care which is predictable and with which modifications are unnecessary based on the knowledge and skills obtained during an educational program and those which can be safely performed by an LPN/LVN also referred to as total care; a situation in which one nurse is assigned to and responsible for the comprehensive care of a group of clients during an 8- or 12-hour shift strategy in which both parties meet the problem on an even playing field with equal concern for the issues allowing everyone to win by identifying areas of agreement and differences strategy in which the winner takes all; results in a win-lose situation situation in which client's clinical condition is not predictable and requires frequent changes in medical or nursing orders or complex modifications strategy in which there is negotiation or tradeoffs; each person gets something and gives up something; win-lose/win-lose for both sides a disagreement or antagonism between groups individuals or ideas doctor's orders given to the RN or LPN/LVN nursing orders given to an RN or LPN/LVN by an RN the distribution of tasks in a way that prioritizes activities and available resource using decision making that allows input from all team members organization in which supervisor is continuously present to coordinate inspect or direct nursing care
Basic nursing care
Case method
Collaboration
Competition
Complex nursing situation
Compromise
Conflict Delegated medical act Delegated nursing act Delegation
Democratic
Direct supervision
nursing in which each team member is assigned specific tasks or Functional nursing functions observation by a supervisor who regularly coordinates inspects or directs nursing care and is available within the building or by telephone form completed when client care was not consistent with standards
General supervision Incident report
of expected care organizational structure in which the leader exercises little control over the group a process used to move a group toward setting and achievement of goals a process by which a government agency gives permission for an individual to engage in an occupation or profession
Laissez-faire
Leadership
Licensure
laws in each state instrumental in defining the scope of nursing Nurse practice acts practice to protect public health safety and welfare total nursing responsibility for a group of clients 24 hours a day 7 days a week passing of information from one shift to another guidelines used to determine what a nurse should or should not do a tape-recorded method of conveying information about clients from one shift to another the delivery of individualized nursing care to clients by a nursing team led by a professional nurse Click here to go to the top of the page
Primary nursing Shift report Standards
Taped report
Team nursing

method of examination that provides each student a unique Computer adaptive computerized examination selecting the test questions as the student takes the examination testing document that aids candidates in determining areas of relative strength and weakness based on the NCLEX-PN test plan and in focusing their study prior to retaking the exam techniques for developing memory
Diagnostic profile
Mnemonics
agreement among several states that a nurse can practice in another state that is part of the compact as long as he or she Multistate compact follows the nurse practice act and the rules and regulations pertaining to the act
Test anxiety
a level of concern about testing that ranges from a normal mild level of uneasiness that is motivating to a level of uneasiness and fear that immobilizes the test taker Click here to go to the top of the page

Career ladder progression from one level in a profession to another through educational pursuits and professional experience working jointly with other healthcare professionals including physicians in the performance of nursing roles within the scope of practice brief document containing essential information about oneself that is often provided with a rsum to a potential employer the deliberate attempt to make connections among people for a variety of interests including employment opportunities introduction of clients to the people and the facility into which they have been admitted (14); ability to remember city and state of residence time of day date day of the week duration of illness and names of family members (19); program or time for newly hired individuals to prepare themselves to take on responsibilities of a new job review of work attendance teamwork and skills by an employer an itemized visual account of skills and best practices that are related to the position being sought time during which an immediate supervisor evaluates the performance of a newly hired employee a vocation requiring knowledge of some department of learning or science behavior showing dedication to a vocation that requires knowledge of some department of learning or science concise systematic summary of professional experience and educational background
Collaborative
Cover letter
Networking
Orientation
Performance evaluation Portfolio Probationary period Profession
Professionalism
Rsum
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Chapter 1 Key Terms

Application Comprehension Knowledge

Chapter 2 Key Terms

Consumer Illness NCLEX-PN

Chapter 3 Key Terms

Domains Ethnocentrism Intercultural communication Prejudice Segregation

Chapter 4 Key Terms

Bioethics Code of ethics

Law Liability Libel Malpractice

Scope of practice Sexual harassment Slander

Statute of limitations Tort

Chapter 5 Key Terms

Chapter 6 Key Terms

Dependent interventions Desired/expected outcomes Diagnosing

Implementation Independent interventions Interventions Interview Manifestations Nursing diagnosis

Objective data Observation Planning

Subjective data Symptoms

Chapter 7 Key Terms

Medicare Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) Preferred provider arrangements

individual healthcare providers that provide an insurance company

Preferred provider organization

Primary nursing Prospective payment system Supplemental Security Income

Chapter 8 Key Terms

Integrative medicine Naturopathic medicine

Chapter 9 Key Terms

Fulcrum Impervious Internal disasters

Chapter 10 Key Terms

Disinfectants Etiologic agent

Systemic infection Transmission

Transmissionbased precautions Vector

Chapter 11 Key Terms

Helpful communication Interview Nonverbal communication Open-ended questions

Chapter 12 Key Terms

Client education Cognitive domain

Motivation Psychomotor domain Readiness

Relevance Retention Teaching

Chapter 13 Key Terms

Clinical record Confer

Flow sheets Focus charting Incident

Medication administration record Nursing care conference

Problem-oriented medical record Record

Source-oriented record Subjective data

Chapter 14 Key Terms

Chapter 15 Key Terms

Moral Physiologic needs Psychosocial needs Self-actualization Spiritual

Chapter 16 Key Terms

Cognitive Cognitive development Communal family

Development Extended family Family

Spiritual Spiritual development

Chapter 17 Key Terms

Bipolar affective disorder Caregiver burden

Counseling Defense mechanisms Denial

Dual diagnosis Fight-or-flight response

Labile Obsessivecompulsive disorder Panic attack Phobia Postnatal depression

Posttraumatic stress disorder

Psychologist Psychosocial assessment

Repression Seasonal affective disorder Self-help

Chapter 18 Key Terms

Anger Anticipatory grieving

Disenfranchised grief Distancing

Medical power of attorney Mourning

Situational loss Thanatology

Chapter 19 Key Terms