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Siemens AG, 2008

MAXUM II
Perfect on-line gasoline analysis using the MAXUM II process gas chromatograph Case Study September 2008
Gasoline is a petroleum-derived liquid and primarily used as fuel in combustion engines. The analysis of gasoline for its chemical composition is extremely important as e. g. the concentration of individual hydrocarbons determines the octane number as well as the emission characteristics of gasoline. Therefore, great efforts are made to serve producers of gasoline with an efficient tool for process suitable online gasoline analysis. Siemens Sensors and Communication, a leader in process analytics, has proven worldwide competence to manufacture, apply and service on-line gasoline analyzer systems. The MAXUM edition II process gas chromatograph is very likely the best suited process-suitable gasoline analyzer for this application on the market. This Case Study reports details. Gasoline analysis Gasoline is a petroleum-derived liquid mixture consisting mostly of aliphatic hydrocarbons and enhanced with aromatic hydrocarbons to increase octane number. It is primarily used as fuel in combustion engines. The analysis of gasoline for its chemical composition is essential to optimize gasoline quality, evaluate raw materials, control refining processes and ensure compliance with given specifications. The concentration of individual hydrocarbons is extremely important as they determine the octane number which needs to be between 86 and 100. Isooctane is considered to have an octane number of 100. Isoparaffines, olefins, naphtenes and aromnatics increase the octane number whereas paraffins reduce it. New gasoline blends can be more valuable by using innovative formulations which reduce vehicle emissions or increase mileage. For refineries and car manufacturers worried about stringent new restrictions on the amount of emissions, a formula leading to clean-burning gasoline would be of highest advantage. Gas chromatography is the ideal technique for gasoline analysis. It is this type of multicomponent mixtures containing very similar compounds, that need the high efficiencies available from a GC for a successful analysis.

Process Analytics
s

Siemens AG, 2008

Gasoline composition and analysis requirements


Challenges Gasoline composition and analysis Commercial gasoline typically consists of a complex mixture of at least 23 hydrocarbons (fig. 1) in varying concentration ranges from 1 to 70 %. The mixture comprises paraffines, isoparaffines, naphtenes and aromatics. Concentration analysis of the individual gasoline components is important for evaluating raw materials, optimizing production processes and ensuring product quality. Gasoline analysis is a very challenging task. Different types of gasoline analyzers are available at the market but they are restricted either to off-line (laboratory) operation or - in case of on-line analyzers - to a limited number of components that can be determined with one analyzer. User requirements Users increasingly demand a gasoline analyzer that overcomes the known restrictions offering the following features: On-line analysis performed directly at the process with short analysis times Analysis of all 23 components in just one analysis run and using only one analyzer High resolution performance to perform even the most ambitious separation of 2-Methylpentane and 2,3 Dimethylbutan Simple and clear arrangement of the analytical components Flexibility in analyzer configuration in order to adapt analyzer set-up (and thus investment costs) to the actual analysis requirements Representative and reproducible results, easy operation and low maintenance efforts Suitability of the analyzer to be used also for other than gasoline analysis Solution The solution to the ambitionous user requirements comes from the Siemens MAXUM edition II Process Gas Chromatograph. With its unique flexibility, modularity and analytical performance MAXUM II offers exactly what the market needs: a high performance gasoline analyzer in standard and advanced version, using standard components from liquid injection and double oven concept to valveless column switching and detection combined with the outstanding application know how of Siemens Process Analytics.
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 C7 C7 C7 C7 C7 C7 C7 C7 C7 C7
2,2-Dimethylpentane 2,4-Dimethylpentane 2,2,3-Trimethylbutane 3,3-Dimethylpentane 2-Methylhexane 2,3-Dimethylpentane 3-Methylhexane n-Heptane Methylcyclohexane Sum C7
Fig. 2: MAXUM II process GC

MAXUM edition II MAXUM edition II is a universal process gas chromatograph offering an outstanding broad variety of analytical possiblities. Main application field is process monitoring and control for gases and vaporable liquids in rough industrial environments. MAXUM II performs a wide range of duties in refineries and chemical/petrochemical industries. MAXUM II features e. g. a flexible, energy saving single or dual oven concept, valveless sampling and column switching, and parallel chromatography using muliple single trains as well as a wide range of detectors such as TCD, FID, FPD, PDH ID, PDECD and PDPID. Important user benefits include Flexible range of oven capabilities Multiple detector and valve options Local panel and remote workstation Powerful software Extensive local and remote I/Os and serial links Multiple network capabilities Large, experienced support team

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

C4 C4 C5 C5 C5 C6 C6 C6 C6 C6 C6 C6 C6

i-Butane n-Butane i-Pentane n-Pentane Cyclopentane 2,2-Dimethylbutane 2,3-Dimethylbutane 2-Methypentane 3-Methylpentane n-Hexane Methylcyclopentane Cyclohexane Benzene

Fig. 1: List of major components of gasoline

Gasoline composition and analysis requirements

Siemens AG, 2008

MAXUM II, the solution provider for gasoline analysis


MAXUM II based Gasoline Analyzers
Konfiguration A
Ein Airless-Ofen, 1 FDV, 8-fach WLD Trgergas C8+ Rcksplung C4 - C7 Trennung Ofen 1 Ofen 1 Ofen 2

Standard Gasoline Analyzer The Standard Gasoline Analyzer (fig. 3, setup A, and fig. 6) uses one airless oven, one liquid injection valve and an 8cell TCD for detection. A total of 22 C4C7 compnents are separated. The C8+ components are backflushed. Cycle time is 15 min. A typical Standard Gasoline Analyzer analysis detail is shown in fig. 5. The throughput of setup A may be doubled just by using oven 2 in parallel with identical analytical configuration. Advanced Gasoline Analyzer The Advanced Gasoline Analyzer (fig. 3, setup B) uses a split airbath oven, two liquid injection valves and two FIDs for detection. A total of 23 C4-C7 components is separated including 2,3-Dimethylbutane and 2-Methypentane, see fig. 4. The other components are backflushed. Cycle time is 15 min.

Probe Trgergas

WLD WLD Detektion

Flssigdosierventil (FDV)

Back-T

Der Durchsatz von Konfiguration A kann durch Parallelverwendung von Ofen 2 mit identischer analytischer Konfiguration verdoppelt werden

Ofen 2

Konfiguration B
Probe Trgergas

Split Airbath-Ofen (30/70 C), 2 FDV, 2 FID Trgergas Ofen 30 C C4 - C6 Trennung Ofen 70 C

C6 Naph, C7+ Rcksplung

FID

> Methylcyclo-C6 Rcksplung

C6 Naph, C7 Trennung

FID

Flssigdosierventil (FDV)

Back-T

Detektion

Fig. 3: MAXUM II set-ups for gasoline analysis, flow charts and oven front views

i-Pentane 19,20 vol-%

R_FID Stream 1 (25.04.2007 12:21:57)

0 , 45

R_ FI D S trea m 1 (25 . 04 . 2007 12:21 :57 )

0 , 45

Name ESTD concentration Units


1,0

0 , 40

Na m e ESTD co nce ntra ti o n Uni ts

0 , 40

1,0

0 , 35

0 , 35

0,8

Cyclopentane 1,50 vol-% 2.3-Dimethylbutane 1,91 vol-% 2-Methylpentane 12,88 vol-%

0,8

0 , 30

0 , 30

n-Hexane 16,99 vol-%

2,3 Dimethylbutan
0 , 25

2-Methylpentane
0 , 25

0,6

3-Methylpentane 7,50 vol-%

0,6

0,4

2.2-Dimethylbutane 0,55 vol-%

0,4
0 , 15

Cyclopenta ne 1,5 0 vol-%

0 , 20

2 .3 -Dim eth y lbuta ne 1 ,9 1 v ol-%

n-Butane 5,08 vol-%

0 , 20

0 , 15

i-Butane 0,48 vol-%

0 , 10

2-Me thy lp entan e 12,8 8 vol-%

0 , 10

n-Pentane 24,88 vol-%

0,2

0,2

0,00

0,00

0,00

0,00

0 , 05

0 , 05

0,0

0,0
0 , 00

0 , 00

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450 Seconds

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

655

660

665

6 70

6 75

6 80

685 S ec onds

690

695

700

7 05

7 10

715

Fig. 4: Gasoline analysis using the MAXUM Advanced Gasoline Analyzer with separation of 2,3 Dimethylbutan and 2-Methylpentan

MAXUM II, the solution provider for gasoline analysis

Siemens AG, 2008

User Benefits

User Benefits All of the 23 components of a typical total gasoline analysis, including 2,3Dimethylbutane and 2-Methylpentane, can be analysed using just one analyzer. This essentially improves analysis significance and ensures best possible process control. The Gasoline Analyzer is a standard process gas chromatograph (type MAXUM II) that is especially configured to meet the demanding requirements of gasoline analysis. Analysis is performed on-line directly at the process with short analysis times. No time consuming sample transport to the laboratory is needed. The Gasoline Analyzer requires a remarkable low number of analytical components and transitions. In case of a reduced number of analysis components, the analyzer configuration can be reduced even more. This will minimize the investment costs. The Gasoline Analyzer setups can be used for similar applications as well MAXUM edition II is able to control the sample conditioning system, which also allows for analysis of more than one sample stream.
RR2_TD Stream 1 (04.04.2007 14:55:51)

0,30

Name ESTD concentration Units

Methylcyclopentane
Cyclohexane 2,36 vol%

0,30

0,25

0,25

0,20

0,20

2.4-Dimethylpentane 0,35 vol%

(3.3-Dimethylpentane) 0,00 BDL vol%

2.2-Dimethylpentane 0,15 vol%

2.2.3-Trimethylbutane 0,03 vol%

2.3-Dimethylpentane 0,10 vol%

0,10

3-Methylhexane 0,21 vol%

n-Heptane 0,66 vol%

Methylcyclohexane n-Heptane
0,00

Methylcyclohexane 0,59 vol%

0,15

2-Methylhexane 0,87 vol%

0,15

0,10

0,05

Methylcyclopentane 5,66 vol%

0,05

0,00

0,00

0,00

480

500

520

540

560

580

600

620 Seconds

640

660

680

700

720

740

760

780

Fig. 5: Detail of a gasoline analysis using the Standard Gasoline Analyzer

Fig. 6: Standard Gasoline Analyzer, oven configuration

User Benefits

Siemens AG, 2008

Siemens Process Analytics - Answers for industry

If you have any questions, please contact your local sales representative or any of the contact addresses below:
Siemens AG A&D SC PA, Process Analytics stliche Rheinbrckenstr. 50 76187 Karlsruhe Germany Phone: +49 721 595 3829 Fax: +49 721 595 6375 E-mail:
processanalytics.automation@siemens.com

Siemens Energy & Automation Inc. 7101 Hollister Road Houston, TX 77040 USA

Siemens Pte. Limited A&D SC PS/PA CoC 60 MacPherson Road Singapore 348615

Phone: +1 713 939 7400 Fax: +1 713 939 9050 E-mail: saasales.sea@siemens.com www.siemens.com/processanalytics Siemens LLC A&D 2B. PO Box 2154, Dubai, U.A.E.

Phone: +65 6490 8728 Fax: +65 6490 8729 E-mail: splanalytics.sg@siemens.com www.siemens.com/processanalytics

www.siemens.com/prozessanalytics Siemens Ltd., China A&D SC, Process Analytics 7F, China Marine Tower No.1 Pu Dong Avenue Shanghai, 200120 P.R.China Phone: +86 21 3889 3602 Fax: +86 21 3889 3264 E-mail: xiao.liu1@siemens.com www.ad.siemens.com.cn

Phone: +971 4 366 0159 Fax: +971 4 3660019 E-mail: fairuz.yooseff@siemens.com www.siemens.com/processanalytics
The information provided in this brochure contains descriptions or characteristics of performance which in case of actual use do not always apply as described or which may change as a result of further development of the products. An obligation to provide the respective characteristics shall only exist if expressly agreed in the terms of contract. Availability and technical specifications are subject to change without notice. All product designations may be trademarks or product names of Siemens AG or supplier companies whose use by third parties for their own purposes could violate the rights of the owners.

Siemens AG Industry Sector Sensors and Communication Process Analytics 76181 KARLSRUHE GERMANY www.siemens.com/processanalytics

Subject to change Siemens AG 2008

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