Code No: R05221802 Set No.

1
II B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
FUELS FURNACES AND REFRACTORIES
(Metallurgy & Material Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) How do you classify fuels? Explain them.

(b) Explain how is calorific value of a solid fuel determined using a bomb. [8+8]

2. (a) What is the effect of temperature of carbonization on the quality products

formed during carborization of coal.
(b) Discuss in detail the physical and chemical properties of coke.
(c) What are the bye - products we come across in the Carbonization process?
Explain them in detail. [6+5+5]]

3. (a) Explain how coke oven gas is generated.

(b) Give the composition, properties and industrial uses of coke oven gas. [8+8]

4. (a) Distinguish between thermal resistance and thermal diffusivity

(b) What is Fourier’s law of heat conduction? Derive an equation for the rate of
heat transfer in case of cylindrical wall in a steady state. [6+10]

5. (a) Describe the characteristic features of open hearth furnace with a neat dia-
gram.
(b) Explain how an electric resistance tubular furnace works. [8+8]

6. (a) Explain peltier and Thomson effects.

(b) Give the composition and uses of various thermocouple materials
(c) What is a thermopile. [7+7+2]

7. (a) Explain the Principle, Construction and operation of a disappearing filament

optical pyrometer (Moarse type).
(b) What are the newer methods of measuring temperature that are available?
Explain them. [8+8]

8. What are the various failures of refractories we come across in service? What tests
are used to ascertain such failures? [16]

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Code No: R05221802 Set No. 2
II B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
FUELS FURNACES AND REFRACTORIES
(Metallurgy & Material Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) What is the significance of calorific value of a fuel? Give the calorific value of
any three fuels.
(b) Describe an experiment to find the calorific value of a solid fuel. [8+8]
2. Explain the following properties of coke in detail.
(a) Density and porosity
(b) Hardness and strength
(c) Reactivity of coke. [6+5+5]
3. (a) A Producer gas has the following composition by volume: CO =30%, H2 =12%,
CO2 =4%,CH4 =2% and N2 =52%. When 100 m3 of the gas is burnt with 50%
excess air, what will be the composition of the dryflue gas obtained.
(b) Give a flow diagram of recovery of various chemicals and fractions from coal
far. [10+6]
4. (a) Derive the relation for heat transfer by conduction under steady state for a
plane wall when there is a sudden change of surface temperature.
(b) Derive a relation for unsteady state heat conduction through a sphere assuming
there is no variations of temperature with angular position. [8+8]
5. (a) Discuss about Tube and muffle furnaces.
(b) Discuss a brief classification of various type of furnaces. [10+6]
6. (a) Explain peltier and Thomson effects.
(b) Give the composition and uses of various thermocouple materials
(c) What is a thermopile. [7+7+2]
7. Write informative notes on the following:
(a) Single oxide refractories
(b) Mixed oxide refractories
(c) Non-oxide refractories. [5+6+5]
8. (a) Explain what are the important properties that are required for a refractory
material.
(b) Explain how refractoriness under load is determined. [8+8]

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Code No: R05221802 Set No. 3
II B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
FUELS FURNACES AND REFRACTORIES
(Metallurgy & Material Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Why are coking coals are blended with non-coking coals. Explain in detail.
(b) A liquid hydrocarbon fuel contains 89.4% C and 10.6% H by weight. If l00 kg
of the fuel is burnt, calculate.
i. The theoretical amount of air required and
ii. The volumetric composition of the products of combusion if 20%. Excess
air was used. [6+10]
2. Explain the following with respect to coke making process.
(a) Washing of coal
(b) use of coal briquittes
(c) Blending of coal
(d) Preheating of coal charge. [4×4=16]
3. (a) Give a typical composition of Blast furnace gas.
(b) What are the important properties and characteristics of blast furnace gas?
Explain.
(c) Discuss the poisonous effects of blast furnace gas. [3+9+4]
4. (a) Derive an expression for conduction of heat through the walls of a hollow
cylinder under steady state conduction.
(b) Explain the effect of variable thermal conductivity in composite walls. [9+7]
5. (a) Define and explain ‘furnace’.
(b) Write a detailed notes on the classification of furnaces.
(c) Explain the advantages of hot combustion air in furnaces operation. [4+8+4]
6. (a) Explain the factors that affect the optical pyrometer readings.
(b) Distinguish between disappearing filament optical purometer and optical py-
rometer. [5+11]
7. (a) With the help of a sketch explain the working of a total radiation pyrometer
(b) What difficulties are encountered while taking temperature readings? Explain
[10+6]
8. What are the various tests that are carried out on refractories? Explain any two
important tests in detail. [16]

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Code No: R05221802 Set No. 3
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Code No: R05221802 Set No. 4
II B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
FUELS FURNACES AND REFRACTORIES
(Metallurgy & Material Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Explain the Insitu theory of origin and formation of coals.

(b) Give the calorific value of various types of coals and indicate their respective
uses. [8+8]

2. (a) Explain the manufacture of metallurgical coke by Retort process.

(b) How do you test the strength of coke? Explain any one method in detail.[8+8]

3. How are watergas and producer gas manufactured? Discuss the theoretical princi-
ples involved. [16]

4. (a) Define the steady state heat transfer.

(b) Derive an equation for conduction through a homogenous plane wall. [4+12]

5. Write notes on:

(a) Tube and Muffle furnaces

(b) Induction furnace and its advantages
(c) Continuous furnaces. [5+6+5]

6. (a) Explain how a thermoelectric pyrometer can be used to maintain the temper-
ature in a furnace.
(b) Explain the various methods of measuring e.m.f. [8+8]

7. (a) With a neat sketch explain the principle, Construction and operation of a
disappearing filament optical pyrometer.
(b) Explain a pyro - optical pyrometer. [9+7]

8. What are the modes of failures of refractories? What precautions to be taken to

prevent it. [16]

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