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e G g
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h u me
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mp R NA
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MeasurementandUncertainty
Random errors scatter of readings about mean Systematic error ALL above or ALL below the true value. Precision deviation of the reading from the mean value. Accuracy deviation of the reading from the actual true value.
Case 1 Y = 6 A + 3B Y = 6( A) + 3( B )
C a se 2 Y = 6 ( A )( B ) Y A B = + Y A B
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Dynamics Newton2nd Law
MeasurementandUncertainty NewtonLawofGravitation
Random errors scatter of readings about mean The force of attraction between two given Systematic error ALL above or ALL to the point masses is directly proportionalbelow the product value. their masses and inversely true of proportional deviation ofsquare of from the to the the reading their Precision distance apart. mean value. GravitationFieldStrength,g Accuracy deviation of the reading from gravitationalforceperunitmassactingonthe actual true value. mass. C a se 2 Case 1 GravitationPotentialEnergy,U) ( B ) Y = 6( A Y = 6 A + 3B Y A Externalworkdonetomovemassfrom B Y = 6( A) + 3( B ) = + Y A B infinitytopointconcerned GravitationPotential, Externalworkdoneperunitmasstomove massfrominfinity topointconcerned
Gravitation
dp p = Fdt dt p F = Impulse t Changein p p1 momentum F = 2 t AreaunderFt m v 2 m v1 graph F = t ConservationofMomentum Drawdiagrambeforeanafter collision. ApplyPCM F =
vo = xo a = 2 x
1 2 m 2 ( x o x 2 ) 2 1 2 TE = m 2 x o 2 1 PE = m 2 x 2 2 KE =
mAu A + mB uB = mAv A + mB vB
Elasticheadoncollision
FG =
RotationalEquilibrium
GMm r2
U =
Fs = kx , E =
= 0
u A u B = vB v A
Elasticheadonbetween2samemasses exchangevelocity Perfectlyinelasticcollision
GMm r
1 2 kx 2 GM
FG =
dU dr
ForcedOscillation system forced to oscillate by an external period force (driver). Driven oscillator will oscillate at the driver frequency Reasonance driver frequency = natural frequency energy and amplitude of oscillating system becomes maximum.
F GM g= = 2 m r
U = m r
d g = dr
v = f
2 = x
WaveMotion
I =
Keplers
3rd
Law
t T
P P = 4 r 2 A rea
2
I = k ( A m p litu d e )
mAu A + mB uB = ( mA + mB ) v
WorkEnergyPower
T 2 R3
CircularMotion
s = r d v =r dt v = r
d = dt 2 = T
= n , n = 0,1, 2
Kinematics
No s No v No t No a v = u + at s = ut + at2 v2 = u2 + 2as s = (u+v)t/2
a sin
DoubleSlit constructive
WaveInterference
2nodes/2antinodes
L = n , n = 1, 2 2 n , n = 1, 3 , 5 4
StationaryWave
destructive
2
P = Fv
v = r 2 ac = r
1 = n , n = 1, 2 2 a sin
y = D a
1node&1antinode
L =
DiffractionGrating
d s in = n , n = 0 , 1 , 2
1/ N
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e G g
= = =
h u me
= = =
mp R NA
= = =
o
0
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ThermalPhysics
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InternalResistance ElectromagneticInduction(EMI) MagneticFlux QuantumPhysics PhotoelectricEffect
E = hf = h c
pV = nRT
pV = NkT
IdealGases
1 p = c2 3
3 KE = kT 2
= B A cos
LenzsLaw Direction of the induced current in a loop is such that its magnetic effect will always oppose the magnetic flux change that causes it FaradaysLaw Magnitude of the induced EMF will be proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux linkage with the coil coil. d E in d u c e d = dt d (B A c o s ) E in d u c e d = N dt
K E m ax = h f
eVs = hf
f , E , K E o ,V s
dNe dN p In te n s it y , , , C u rr e n t dt dt
BasicsofThermodynamics
X XL T = TL + (TH TL ) XH XL
0
P =
V R
DirectCurrent
LineSpectra
Emission Brightlinesondarkbackground Absorption Darklinesonbrightbackground p g g
C +273.15 > K
Xrayproduction
eV = h
h p
Q = mcT
Pt
Q = mL
Pt
v
R V1 = 1 E R1 + R2
R3 I2 = I1 R2 + R3
FirstLawofThermodynamics
DeBrogliewavelength
=
u = q + w
ElectricField ElectricForceandElectricFieldStrength
Qq FE = ( ) 4 0 r 2 W= 1 Qq 4 0 r 1 F 1 Q E= =( ) q 4 0 r 2
E in d u c e d = B L v
AlternatingCurrent
I = I 0 sin t V = V0 sin t
UncertaintyPrinciple
( p x )( x )
PotentialEnergyandElectricPotential
1 Q V = 4 0 r
= 5 .2 7 6 1 0 -3 5
E =
RootMeanSquareRMS
RMS value of an AC (Irms ) is defined as the value of the steady direct current which would dissipate heat at the same rate in a given resistance as the alternating current.
2 Pac = IRMS R = 2 VRMS = IRMSVRMS R
1 p2 2 m
8 2 m (U E ) h2
QuantumTunneling
T = e x p ( 2 k d ), k =
ParallelPlate UniformField
FE = dW dr
E =
dV dr
F B = N B IL s in
MagneticForceonchargedparticles
Energy released = (m x my ) c 2
Energy released = (BE )Y (BE ) X
NuclearPhysics
V =
W Q
CurrentofElectricity OhmsLaw dQ l I = R = dt A
FB = B q v s in
Directionofmagneticforce lefthand
IRMS =
Io 2
RadioactiveDecay
dN A= dt A = N
MagneticForcebetweenParallelCurrent
LikeCurrentAttract,UnlikeCurrentRepel
Transformer
N s V s Ip = = N p V p Is
N No
1 t1/ 2 = 2
N = No e t
=
ln 2 t1/ 2