International Journal of Information Movement Vol.

5 Issue XII (April 2021)

Website: www.ijim.in ISSN: 2456-0553 (online) Pages 28-37

"kV~deehZ; mikns;rk o ewY;kadu fl)kUr

MkWΠjkds'k fxfj
çksQl
s j] ;ksx foKku foHkkx] xq#dqy dkaxM+h fo'ofo|ky;] gfj}kj
Email: rgiri1955@gmail.com

jkgqy dqekj
'kks/k Nk=] ;ksx foKku foHkkx] xq#dqy dkaxM+h fo'ofo|ky;] gfj}kj
Email: rahul30upadhyay@gmail.com

çkphu ;ksx mifu"knksa esa gB;ksx dk o.kZu "kV~deksZa ds :i esa fd;k x;k gSA ;g ,d
lqO;ofLFkr ,oa ;FkkFkZ foKku gSA gB;ksx dk vkSj lkFk gh "kV~deksZa dk mís'; gS& nks eq [;
çk.k&çokgks]a bM+k vkSj fiaxyk ds chp lkeatL; LFkkfir dj] buds }kjk 'kkjhfjd ,oa
ekufld 'kqf)dj.k ,oa larqyu çkIr djukA budk mi;ksx 'kjhj esa okr] fiÙk vkSj dQ
dks lUrqfyr djus ds fy, Hkh fd;k tkrk gSA vk;qosZn ,oa gB;ksx nksuksa ds vuqlkj bu
f=nks"kksa ds chp vlUrqyu gksus ls jksx mRiUu gksrk gSA 'kjhj dks fo"kkä rÙoksa ls eqä
djus ,oa v/;kRe&ekxZ ij lqjf{kr :i ls lQyrkiwoZd vkxs c<+us ds fy, Hkh çk.kk;ke
,oa mPp ;ksxkH;klksa ls iwoZ bu vH;klksa dk vko';d gSA1
1.0 "kV~deZ dk vFkZ] vo/kkj.kk ,oa ifjHkk"kk
^"kV~deZ* 'kCn esa nks 'kCnksa dk esy gS& "kV~+$deZ( "kV~ 'kCn dk vFkZ gS& N% rFkk deZ
dk vFkZ gS& fØ;k;sAa vr% N% fØ;kvksa ds leqnk; dks "kV~deZ dgk tkrk gSA ;s N% fØ;k,¡
;ksx esa 'kjhj vkUrfjd 'kks/ku gsrq ç;ksx esa ykbZ tkrh gSA ;s 'kks/ku fØ;k,¡ & /kkSfr] cfLr]
usfr] ukSfy] =kVd o dikyHkkfr gSA tSls vk;qosZn esa iapdeZ fpfdRlk dks 'kks/ku fpfdRlk
ds :i esa LFkku çkIr gS] mlh çdkj "kV~deZ dks ;ksx esa 'kks/kudeZ ds :i esa tkuk tkrk
gSA vr% 'kjhj 'kqf)dj.k dh og N% fØ;k;sa ftUgsa vklu o çk.kk;ke ls igys vkUrfjd
vaxksa dh 'kqf) gsrq ç;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gS rFkk ftlds QyLo:i 'kjhjLFk nks"k] /kkrq,¡ o
vfXu;k¡ lkE;oLFkk dks çkIr dj leUo; :i ls dk;Z djrs gSa] mUgsa "kV~deZ dgrs gSaA
çk—frd fpfdRlk i)fr ds fl)kUr ,oa n'kZu ds vuqlkj 'kjhj ds lQkbZ ds
ek/;eksa esa v;ksX; vkgkj&fogkj o vU; dkj.kksa ls fo—fr vk tkus ds dkj.k 'kjhj dh
/kkrqvksa ¼okr] fir o dQ½ esa vlarqyu iSnk gksdj foÑfr ¼çdks; bR;kfn½ dk :i cu
tkrk gS rFkk 'kjhj dh tSfod fØ;kvksa ls mRiUu nwf"kr o fo"kSys æO;ksa dk fu"dklu lqpk:
:i ls ugha gks ikrkA ;gh nwf"kr inkFkZ jä ds lkFk 'kjhj esa feydj vU; vo;oksa dks
fo—r dj nsrs gSa vkSj jksx dh voLFkk iSnk gks tkrh gSA ;kSfxd "kV~deksZa vFkkZr~ 'kks/ku ds
N% çdkjksa ls fo"kSys inkFkksZa dk fu"dklu gksrk gS vkSj /kkrqvksa ds chp larqyu cuk;s j[kk
tk ldrk gSA tc ;s /kkrq,¡ lUrqyu dh voLFkk esa jgrh gS] rks O;fä dk LokLF; mÙke

1
Lokeh lR;kuan ljLorh] vklu] çk.kk;ke eqæk ca/k] i`"B 501

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MkWΠjkds'k fxfj o jkgqy dqekj&"kV~deehZ; mikns;rk o ewY;kadu fl)kUr
International Journal of Information Movement Vol.5 Issue XII (April 2021)
Website: www.ijim.in ISSN: 2456-0553 (online) Pages 28-37
jgrk gSA blh dks ;ksx esa nks"kksa o /kkrqvksa dh lekoLFkk dks ^leRoa ;ksx mP;rs* dgk x;k
gSA leRo dh voLFkk ls gh deksZa esa dq'kyrk vkrh gSA bl çdkj ;kSfxd "kV~deksZa ds }kjk
'kjhj dk 'kks/ku gksrk gSA
mifu"knksa esa dgk x;k gS & cyghu 'kjhj ls vkRek lk{kkRdkj lEHko ugha gSA
blfy, 'kjhj esa O;kf/k;ksa dks mRiUu u gksus nsus vkSj ;fn O;kf/k mRiUu gks x;h gks rks mls
nwj djus ds fy, rFkk 'kjhj dks LoLFk o lk/kuk;ksX; cukus ds fy, gB;ksfx;ksa us "kV~deksZa
dk fo/kku fd;k gSA egf"kZ iratfy us ;ksx'kkL= esa budks 'kkSp ds vUrxZr j[kk gSA ijUrq
le; vkSj vuqHko us gB;ksfx;ksa dks fl[kk;k fd çk.kk;ke vkfn fØ;kvksa ls ftrus le; esa
'kjhj ds ey nwj fd;s tkrs gSa] mlls de le; esa "kV~deksZa }kjk 'kjhj ds ey nwj fd;s tk
ldrs gSaA blfy, bu deksZa dh vko';drk dks vuqHko djrs gq, budk fodkl fd;k x;kA
bu "kV~deksZa dk fo/kku bl çdkj fd;k x;k fd ;s lEiw.kZ 'kjhj dh 'kqf) djus esa leFkZ gks
ldsA
gB;ksx o ;ksx ds vU; lHkh vk/;kfRed xzaFkksa esa çk.kk;ke ds egÙo dks eqä d.B
ls Lohdkj fd;k x;k gSA gB;ksx çnhfidk esa çk.kk;ke dks eu dks fLFkj djus okyk ekuk
gSA euqLe`fr esa bfUæ;ksa ds lHkh nks"kksa dks nwj djus ds fy, çk.kk;ke dk funsZ'k fd;k x;k
gSA ;ksxofl"B esa çk.kk;ke dks eks{k rd dh lHkh lEink;sa çnku djus okyk crk;k x;k
gSA
çk.kk;ke ds ;s lHkh ykHk rHkh çkIr gks ldrs gSa] tc çk.kk;ke fl) dj fy;k x;k
gks vkSj çk.k 'kjhjxr lw{e ls lw{e ukfM+;ksa esa lapj.k djus yxs vkSj og rHkh lEHko gS]
tc 'kjhj dh LFkwy o lw[e ukfM+;k¡ eyksa ls jfgr gks x;h gks]a vU;Fkk çk.kk;ke cgqr le;
esa fl) gksxk rFkk 'kjhj esa fodkj mRiUu gks ldrs gSaA blhfy, gB;ksx ds xzaFkksa esa
çk.kk;ke lk/kuk ls iwoZ "kV~deksZa ds vH;kl dk fo/kku fd;k gS] ftlls 'kjhj eyksa ls jfgr
gks lds vkSj çk.kk;ke dk iwjk ykHk çkIr fd;k tk ldsA
lar pj.knkl th loZçFke "kV~deZ vH;kl djus ds lEcU/k esa dgrs gSa& lk/kuk esa
çFke "kV~deksZa dk vH;kl djuk pkfg,] D;ksfa d buds djus ls 'kjhj 'kq) gks tkrk gS] 'kjhj
esa dksbZ jksx ugha jg ikrk vFkkZr~ 'kjhj fujksx gks tkrk gS rFkk cqf) Hkh çdk'keku gks tkrh
gS] ftlls ;FkkFkZ Kku mRiUu gks tkrk gSA
ifgys ;s lc lkf/k;s] dk;k gksoS 'kqf)A
jksx u ykxS nsg dks] mTtoy gksoS cqf)AA2
bu "kVdeksZa ds lEcU/k esa ;ksxh LokRekjke th us Hkh dgk gS& 'kjhj dks 'kq) djus
okyh rFkk vk'p;Ztud Qy nsus okyh ;s N% fØ;k,¡ xksiuh; j[kuh pkfg,A blhfy;s
;ksfxjktksa }kjk bugsa cgqr egRo fn;k x;k gSA
deZ"kV~dfena xksI;a ?kV'kks/kudkjde~A
fofp=xq.kla/kkf;iwT;rs ;ksfxiq³~xoS%AA3

2
fulxksZipkj okrkZ] jk"Vªh; çk—frd laLFkku iq.ks] Qjojh 2009
3
v"Vkax ;ksx] 'yksd 155

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MkWΠjkds'k fxfj o jkgqy dqekj&"kV~deehZ; mikns;rk o ewY;kadu fl)kUr
International Journal of Information Movement Vol.5 Issue XII (April 2021)
Website: www.ijim.in ISSN: 2456-0553 (online) Pages 28-37
'kjhj dh 'kqf) ds i'pkr~ gh lk/kd vkUrfjd eyksa dh fuo`fÙk djus esa lQy gksrk
gSA çk.kk;ke ls iwoZ budh vko';drk blfy, Hkh dgh xbZ gS fd ey ls iwfjr ukfM+;ksa esa
çk.k&lapj.k u gksus ds dkj.k lk/kuk esa lQyrk gksuk lEHko ugha gSA
eykdqyklq ukMh"kq ek#rks uSo e/;x%A
dFka L;knqUeuhHkko% dk;Zflf)% dFka Hkosr~AA4
vkSj tc "kV~deksZa ds vH;kl ls ukfM+;k¡ 'kq) gks tkrh gSa] rks ;ksxh çk.kk;ke djus esa leFkZ
gks tkrk gSA
'kqf)esfr ;nk loaZ ukMhpØa eykdqye~A
rnSo tk;rs ;ksxh çk.klaxzg.ks {ke%AA5
blfy, LFkwy rFkk 'ys"ekf/kD; okys lk/kdksa dks "kV~deksZa dk vH;kl djds 'kjhj dks
'kq) dj ysuk pkfg,] vU; lk/kdksa ftuds f=nks"k lkE;koLFkk esa gS] mudks djus dh fo'ks"k
vko';drk ugha gSA
esn% 'ys"ekf/kd% iwoZ "kV~dekZf.k lekpjsr~A
vU;Lrq ukpjsÙkkfu nks"kk.kka leHkkor%AA6
bu "kV~deksZa dk ç;kstu dsoy 'kjhj dh 'kqf) gh ugha] oju~ vkRe'kqf) Hkh gS] D;ksfa d
'kjhj dh 'kqf) ds lkFk&lkFk tc gekjs Hkhrj ls fodkl nwj gksus yxrs gSa] rc LokLF; dh
çkfIr gksrh gSA fcuk 'kqf) ds 'kjhj ;ksx ds mPp vH;klksa ds fy, rS;kj Hkh ugha gksrk gSA
'kqf) ds i'pkr~ euq"; nh?kkZ;q gks tkrk gSA mifu"knksa vkSj osnksa esa ;g ppkZ dbZ LFkkuksa ij
dh x;h gS fd ge lkS o"kksZa rd th;sa& ^those~ 'kjna 'kre~*A ;g osn] mifu"knksa dh
fopkj/kkjk gh ugha] oju~ okLrfod lR; Hkh gSA euq"; ;fn fodkj jfgr jgs] LoLFk jgs] rks
lkS o"kksZa rd ;k blls vf/kd thuk LokHkfod gSA7
"kV~deksZa dk mís';
"kV~deksZa dk ewy mís'; iw.kZ LokLF; dh çkfIr gSA ;s 'kjhj dh 'kks/ku fØ;k,¡ gSa] tks
'kjhjLFk fo"kkä rÙoksa dks ckgj fudkyus rFkk okr&fiÙk&dQ rhuksa nks"kksa dks vko';d
vuqikr esa cuk;s j[kus esa lgk;d gksrh gSaA "kV~deZ dh fØ;kvksa esa /kkSfr] cfLr] usfr] ukSfy]
=kVd o dikyHkkfr vkrs gSaA /kkSfrfØ;k lHkh laLFkkuksa dk 'kks/ku djrh gSA 'okl jksx] dQ
jksx] xSl] dCt] vfXuek|] vEyfiÙk] jäfodkj] peZ jksx] ,ythZ] eksVkik vkfn jksxksa esa ;g
fØ;k fo'ks"k vR;Ur ykHkdkjh gSA cfLrfØ;k eyk'k; o cM+h vkar dk 'kks/ku djrh gSA
blls xqYe] Iyhgk] tyksnj] vfXueka|] dCt] okrjksx vkfn fodkj nwj gksrs gSaA usfrfØ;k
ukfldk ekxZ dh lQkbZ djrh gSA blls diky dk 'kks/ku gksrk gSA us= jksx utyk]
tqdke] ,ythZ] 'okl&ç'okl esa dfBukbZ] uklkadqj o`f)] Lej.k 'kfä dk gzkl vkfn jksxksa
esa ;g fØ;k ykHkdkjh gksrh gSA ukSfyfØ;k mnjLFk isf'k;ksa o vkarksa dks LoLFk cukus dh

4
g΍Π2@23
5
g΍Π2@4
6
g΍Π2@5
7
g΍Π2@21

30 | P a g e
MkWΠjkds'k fxfj o jkgqy dqekj&"kV~deehZ; mikns;rk o ewY;kadu fl)kUr
International Journal of Information Movement Vol.5 Issue XII (April 2021)
Website: www.ijim.in ISSN: 2456-0553 (online) Pages 28-37
fØ;k gS] ;g ikpu laLFkku o çtuu vaxksa dks fy, mÙke vH;kl gSA ;g efgykvksa ds
ekfld /keZ lEcU/kh fodkj rFkk tuukaxksa dh nqcZyrk nwj djus esa Hkh lgk;d gSA =kVd
deZ us= 'kks/ku dh fØ;k gS] tks us= jksxksa dk uk'k djds rUæk o vkyL; dks nwj djus esa
lgk;d gS] blds vH;kl ls ,dkxzrk c<+rh gSA dikyHkkfr QsQM+ksa dks LoLFk cukus dh
çfØ;k gS] ftlls dQ jksx] peZ jksx] jä fodkj vkfn nwj gksrs gSaA isV ds jksxksa tSl& s
dCt] xSl o e/kqesg esa Hkh bldk vH;kl mi;ksxh gSA
bl çdkj "kV~deZ dh fØ;k,¡ vusd jksxksa esa ykHkdkjh gSA ;fn bu fØ;kvksa dk
vH;kl euq"; vko';drkuqlkj djrk jgs] rks og LoLFk jg ldrk gSA
2.0 "kV~deksZa dk oxhZdj.k
'kjhj 'kks/ku ds fy, of.kZr "kV~deksZa ds ckjs esa gBçnhfidk esa dgk x;k gS fd /kkSf r]
cfLr] usfr] =kVd] ukSfy vkSj dikyHkkfr ;s N% deZ gSaA
/kkSfrcZfLrLrFkkusfr l=kVad rFkkA
dikyHkkfr'pkSrkfu "kV~dekZf.k çp{krsAA8
ftuds }kjk 'kjhj dh 'kqf) gksrh gSA blds vfrfjä gBçnhfidk esa xtdj.kh dk Hkh o.kZu
fd;k x;k gSA gBçnhfidk ds vuqlkj "kV~deksZa dk oxhZdj.k bl çdkj gS&
"kVdeZ ¼gBçnhfidk vuqlkj½

/kkSfr ¼oL= /kkSfr½ cfLr ¼ty cfLr½ usfr ¼lw= usfr½ ukSfy =kVd dikyHkkfr
3.0 "kV~deZ ds ewY;kadu fl)kUr

3.1- çkjfEHkd rS;kjh dk fl)kUr

"kVdeksZa dk ewY;kadu djrs le; fujh{kd dks pkfg, fd og tk¡ps fd ijh{kkFkhZ us
"kV~deZ dh ijh{kk gsrq çkjfEHkd rS;kjh dj yh gS ;k ughaA blls fujh{kd x.k dks viuk
le; cpkus esa o ruko jfgr ewY;kadu djus esa lgk;rk feyrh gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ& ty
usfr] lw= usfr] oeu n.M o oL= /kkSfr vkfn esa fujh{kd x.k dks ;g ns[kuk gksrk gS fd
ijh{kkFkhZ mi;qä iks"kd o [kkyh isV rFkk fofHkUu LoPNrkiw.kZ midj.kksa lfgr mifLFkr
gqvk gS ;k ughaA midj.kksa esa yksVk] lw= usfr] jcj usfr] rst xeZ ty ls ç{kkfyr gksus
pkfg;s( oL= /kkSfr] lw=] n.M /kkSfr mcyh gqbZ gksuh pkfg,A ty usfr gsrq yksVk vk/kk ty
dk Hkjk gksuk pkfg,A ;fn "kV~deksZa esa ty dk mi;ksx djrs le; xhtj ds xeZ ty dks
Lor% B.Mk gksus nsuk pkfg;s] uk fd B.Mk ikuh feykdj xquxquk cukuk pkfg;s( B.Mk ikuh
feykus ls ty dhVk.kq jfgr ugha gks ikrkA blls ty ds laØe.k gksus dk [krjk cuk
jgrk gSA
3.2 LoPNrk dk fl)kUr

8
Lokeh fujatukuUn ljLorh] ?ksj.M lafgrk] i`"B 24

31 | P a g e
MkWΠjkds'k fxfj o jkgqy dqekj&"kV~deehZ; mikns;rk o ewY;kadu fl)kUr
International Journal of Information Movement Vol.5 Issue XII (April 2021)
Website: www.ijim.in ISSN: 2456-0553 (online) Pages 28-37
fujh{kd dks pkfg;s fd ijh{kkFkhZ "kV~deZ dk vH;kl djrs le; LoPNrk dk iw.kZ
:i ls /;ku j[krk gS ;k ugha( D;ksfa d vLoPNrk ls 'kjhj ds laØe.k dk vkØe.k gks
ldrk gSA "kVdeksZa dk vH;kl dk mís'; laØe.k QSykuk ugha vfirq laØe.k jfgr fof/k
viukdj mldk iw.kZ ykHk ysuk gSA
mnkgj.kkFkZ& ty usfr] oeu /kkSfr] n.M /kkSfr] oL= /kkSfr bR;kfn esa ued dk
mi;ksx djrs gq, ued dks ued&ik= esa ls pqVdh ds lkFk ugha mBk;s vfirq pEep dk
ç;ksx djds ued fudkyuk gS( ;fn ued lHkh ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa ls pqVfd;ksa ls ued mBk;k
tk;sxk rks mlls laØe.k gksus dk [krjk cuk jgrk gSA blh çdkj dksbZ Hkh "kV~deZ djus
ls igys gkFkksa dks lkcqu ls vPNs ls /kks ysuk pkfg;s] oeu fØ;k djrs le; gkFkksa ds
uk[kqu dVs gksus pkfg;s bR;kfnA
3.3 'kkUr] fLFkj ,oa ,dkxzrk dk fl)kUr
fujh{kd dks pkfg, fd ijh{kkFkhZ dk fujh{k.k djs fd "kVdeZ tSlh Øwj fØ;k dks
djrs le; mldk eu 'kkUr o fLFkjrkiwoZd gS ;k ugha] D;ksfa d fLFkj] fo{ksfir] fpUrk vkfn
=qfV;k¡ djokdj gkfu igq¡pk ldrk gSA
mnkgj.kkFkZ& ty usfr djrs le; 'kh?kzrk ds dkj.k yksVs dh pksp a <hyh o =qfViw.kZ
gks ldrh gSA ijh{kkFkhZ lw= usfr djrs le; ,d ;k nks dksf'k'k djus ds lkFk gM+cMkgV
dj ldrk gS ;k v/kS;Zrk dj ldrk gSA
n.M /kkSfr o oL= /kkSfr djrs le; vuko';d mYVh dj ldrk gSA vr% ewY;kadu
gsrq ijh{kkFkhZ "kVdeZ ds le; fLFkj 'kkUr o ,dkxz fpÙk gksuk pkfg;sA
3.4 mi;qä fof/k o ljyrk dk fl)kUr
mi;qä fof/k vkSj ljyrk dk fujh{k.k djrs le; fujh{kd dks pkfg, fd ijh{kkFkhZ
"kV~deZ djrs le; mi;qä fof/kiw.kZ "kV~deksZa dks dj jgk gS ;k ugha ( D;ksfa d vxj mi;qä
fof/k dks /;ku esa j[kdj "kV~deZ ugha dj jgk gS rks =qfV;k¡ c<+ tk;sxh vkSj "kV~deksZa esa
ljyrk Hkh ugha vkrh gS( ftlls 'kjhj dks gkfu gksrh gSA
mnkgj.kkFkZ& ty usfr djrs le; yksVs dh pksap dks ukd ds fNæ esa vPNs ls ugha
Mkyrs gSa rks ty nksuksa fNæ ls fudyrk gS] mldk iw.kZ :i ls ç;ksx ugha gks ldrk gS]
ftlls ty usfr ugha gks ikrh gS vkSj mfpr ifj.kke ugha fey ikrs gSaA
mlh çdkj lw= usfr djrs le; lw= dks 'okl ds lkFk vUnj ugha ys tk;k x;k]
rks og lw= vUnj ugha igq¡prk gS vkSj vUnj igq¡pus ds ckn mldks gkFk dh maxfy;ksa dh
dSaph cukdj xys ls idM+uk pkfg;s] blhfy, mi;qä fof/k }kjk ;fn "kVdeZ fd;s tkrs gSa]
rks mlesa ljyrk vo'; gksrh gSA
vr% "kV~deksZa dks fof/kiwoZd djuk vo'; gksrk gS] ftlls ljyrkiwoZd "kVdeZ fd;s
tk ldrs gSaA
3.5 le;c)rk dk fl)kUr
fujh{kd dks pkfg;s fd ijh{kkFkhZ "kV~deksZa dks djrs le; ml "kV~deZ esa fdruk
le; yxk jgk gS ;fn "kV~deZ fØ;k esa vR;f/kd le; yxk jgk gS & rks mlls Kkr gksrk

32 | P a g e
MkWΠjkds'k fxfj o jkgqy dqekj&"kV~deehZ; mikns;rk o ewY;kadu fl)kUr
International Journal of Information Movement Vol.5 Issue XII (April 2021)
Website: www.ijim.in ISSN: 2456-0553 (online) Pages 28-37
gS fd ijh{kkFkhZ dh iwoZ rS;kjh ugha gS vkSj og le; dh cks/;rk dks /;ku ugha j[k jgk gSA
vr% "kV~deksZa dks djrs le; ;fn vH;kl Bhd çdkj dk gksxk] rks fuf'pr le; esa gh
vH;kl iw.kZ dj fy;k tk;sxkA
mnkgj.kkFkZ& oL= /kkSfr fØ;k djrs le; ;fn le; dk /;ku ugha j[kk tkrk gS ]
rks og isV esa vUnj gh vUnj fØ;k djus yxrh gS( ftlls vf/kd le; gksus ij og ckgj
ugha vkrh vkSj fQj vkijs'ku djds gh mldks ckgj fudkyuk iM+rk gS ftlls 'kkjhfjd
gkfu gksrh gSA "kV~deksZa dk 'kjhj ds nks"kksa dks 'kkUr djuk gS ] 'kjhj dks gkfu igq¡pkuk ughaA
vr% "kV~deksZa ds vH;kl esa le; dh ck/;rk dk /;ku vo'; j[kuk pkfg;sA
3.6 =qfV çfr'kr dk fl)kUr
=qfV çfr'kr ds fl)kUr dks /;ku esa j[krs le; ijh{kd dks pkfg, fd ijh{kkFkhZ
"kV~deksZa ds vH;kl fØ;k esa mfpr Mªsl dksM & Bhd çdkj dh iks"kd( mi;qä ty]
mi;qä oLrq( rkSfy;k] ;ksxkeSV] yksVk bR;kfn lHkh viuh gksa] ;fn og nwljs ds midj.k dk
mi;ksx djrk gS] rks mlls laØe.k QSyus dk Mj jgrk gSA ty usfr djrs le; yksVs dh
uksd
a Bhd çdkj ls yxkdj dj jgk gS ;k ugha( vk¡[kksa ls ikuh rks ugha vk jgk gS] Nhads]
[kkalh] mYVh rks ugha vk jgh bR;kfn dk /;ku j[kuk pkfg;s( blls lHkh =qfV;ksa dk /;ku
j[krs gq, ijh{kkFkhZ ds =qfV;ksa ds çfr'kr dk vUnktk yxk;k tk ldrk gSA
vr% =qfV;ksa ds çfr'kr dk gksuk "kV~deksZa dh fØ;kvksa ij çHkko Mkyrk gS ftlls
fuf'pr ifj.kke ugha fey ikrs gSaA
3.7 lko/kkuh ç;ksxkRed fl)kUr
"kV~deksZa ds ç;ksxkRed fØ;kvksa dks djrs le; ,dkxzrk ls ewY;kadu djrs gq, /;ku
j[kuk pkfg, fd ijh{kkFkhZ }kjk fd;s tk jgs "kV~deZ esa lko/kkuh;ksa dks cjrrs gq, fd;k tk
jgk gS ;k ugha( ;fn gS rks fdrus çfr'kr vFkkZr~ lko/kkuh ç;ksx çfr'krA
mnkgj.kkFkZ& tSls ty usfr djrs le; xeZ ty esa B.Mk ty rks ugha feyk;k
x;kA
ued Mkyrs le; gkFkksa ls pqVdh }kjk ued rks ugha MkykA
ty usfr ds i'pkr okrØe] diky Hkk¡fr rFkk 'k'kkadklu ds ek/;e ls djrs gq,
ikuh dks ckgj fudkyk gS ;k ughaA
cfLr fØ;k ds le; ç;ksx esa x;s ty dk rkieku vf/kd rks ugha gS bR;kfn
lko/kkfu;ksa dk fo'ks"k /;ku j[kuk pkfg;sA
3.8 iqujko`fÙk ds fl)kUr
ijh{kd dks pkfg;s fd ijh{kkFkhZ }kjk "kV~deZ fØ;k dks djrs le; ,d gh fØ;k dks
djrs gq, ckj&ckj vH;kl ;fn dj jgk gS] rks og iqujko`fÙk dgyk;sxh ftlls Kkr gksrk
gS fd ijh{kkFkhZ dh iwoZ rS;kjh ugha gS] ftlls og ckj&ckj iqujko`fÙk dj jgk gSA
mnkgj.kkFkZ& lw= usfr djrs gq;s ckj&ckj lw= Mkyrs gq;s Hkh lw= vUnj ugha tk
jgk gSA lw= usfr ugha gks ik jgh gS( ftlls ckj&ckj iqujko`fÙk dj jgk gS bR;kfnA "kV~deksZa

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MkWΠjkds'k fxfj o jkgqy dqekj&"kV~deehZ; mikns;rk o ewY;kadu fl)kUr
International Journal of Information Movement Vol.5 Issue XII (April 2021)
Website: www.ijim.in ISSN: 2456-0553 (online) Pages 28-37
esa ckj&ckj fd;s tkus okys ij Hkh fØ;k ugha gks jgh gSA og iqujko`fÙk dgykrh gS vr%
iqujko`fÙk ugha gksuh pkfg;sA ;fn gks] rks mls =qfV çfr'kr esa fxuuk pkfg;sA
4.0 "kV~deZ ds ykHk
"kV~deZ ds cgqr lkjs ykHk gSaA blds dqN egRoiw.kZ ykHk fuEufyf[kr gSa&
1- "kV~deZ ;k 'kks/ku dh ;ksx fØ;k ,d ,slh ;ksxkH;kl gS tks 'kjhj dks vkUrfjd :i
ls 'kq) djus esa vge~ Hkwedk fuHkkrh gSA gB;ksx ds vuqlkj 'kqf) fØ;k 'kjhj esa
,d= gq, fodkjks]a v'kqf);ksa ,oa fo"kSys rRoksa dks nwj dj 'kjhj dks Hkhrj ls LoPN
djrh gSA
2- mPprj ;ksx lk/kuk dh fn'kk esa "kV~deZ ,d igyk pj.k gSA 'kqf)dj.k ;ksx 'kjhj]
efLr"d ,oa psruk ij iw.kZ fu;a=.k dk vkHkkl nsrk gSA
3- 'kks/ku fØ;k,a LoPN djus dh fØ;kvksa vkSj rduhdksa dh ckr djrk gS] ftuls 'kjhj
Hkhrj ls LoPN gksrk gSA ;s çfØ;k,a euq"; dks çR;sd Lrj ij 'kfä'kkyh ,oa O;kid
:i jksxksa ls nwj j[krk gSA
4- jksxks]a fodkjksa rFkk v'kqf);ksa dks 'kjhj ls nwj djus ds fy, iwjs 'kjhj ds iw.kZ
'kqf)dj.k dh çfØ;k vko';d gSA tgk¡ "kV~deZ vge~ Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gSA tc 'kjhj
esa vR;f/kd fodkj gks vFkok 'kjhj esa okr] fiÙk rFkk dQ dk vlarqyu gks ] rks
çk.kk;ke vkSj ;ksxklu ls iwoZ "kV~deZ djuk pkfg,A çk.kk;ke lk/kuk vkjEHk djus
ls iw.kZ lcls igys ukM+h 'kq) gksuh pkfg,] tks "kV~deZ ds vH;klksa }kjk djuh
pkfg,A
5- tc 'kjhj 'kq) gksxk rks jklk;fud ?kVdksa dk vuqikr larqfyr jgsxk blls efLr"d
ds dkedkt ij ldkjkRed çHkko iM+sxk vkSj 'kjhj rFkk efLr"d dks LoLFk j[kus esa
lgk;rk feysxhA 'kqf)dj.k ls efLr"d dks 'kkar j[kus ,oa cspSuh] lqLrh] udkjkRed
fopkjksa rFkk Hkkoukvksa dks nwj djus esa lgk;rk feyrh gSA tc efLr"d 'kkar rFkk
lrdZ gksrk gS rks tkx#drk dk Lrj ljyrk ls c<+k;k tk ldrk gSA "kV~deZ ruko
ls yM+us ,oa LokLF; lq/kkjus esa lgk;rk djrs gSaA os foJke çnku dj ruko de
djus esa lgk;rk çnku djrs gSaA
5.0 "kV~deZ dh çeq[k N% fØ;kvksa esa&
1- /kkSfr ¼dqaty ,oa oL=/kkSfr½ fØ;k lEiw.kZ ikpu dk 'kks/ku djrh gS vkSj lkFk gh
lkFk ;g vfrfjä fiÙk] dQ] fo"k dks nwj djrh gS] rFkk 'kjhj ds çk—frd
larqyu dks lUrqfyr djrh gSA
2- ofLr] 'ka[kç{kkyu rFkk ewy'kks/ku ls vkarsa iwjh rjg LoPN gks tkrh gS] iqjkuk ey
,oa —fe nwj gks tkrs gSa] ikpu fodkjksa dk mipkj gksrk gSA
3- usfr fu;fer :i ls usfr fØ;k djus ij dku] ukfldk ,oa daB {ks= ls xanxh
fudkyus dh ç.kkyh Bhd ls dke djrh gS rFkk ;g lnhZ ,oa dQ] ,ythZd
fjãslkbZfVl] Toj] V‚fUlykbfVl vkfn nwj djus esa lgk;d gksrh gSA blls
volkn] ekbxzsu] fexhZ ,oa mUekn esa ;g ykHkçnk;d gksrh gSA

34 | P a g e
MkWΠjkds'k fxfj o jkgqy dqekj&"kV~deehZ; mikns;rk o ewY;kadu fl)kUr
International Journal of Information Movement Vol.5 Issue XII (April 2021)
Website: www.ijim.in ISSN: 2456-0553 (online) Pages 28-37
4- ukSyh fØ;k mnj dh isf'k;ks]a raf=dkvks]a vkarksa] çtuu] mRltZu ,oa ew= lac/a kh vaxksa
dks Bhd djrh gSA vip] vEyrk] ok;q fodkj] volkn ,oa HkkoukRed leL;kvksa
ls xzLr O;fä ds fy, ykHknk;d gSA
5- =kVd us=ksa dh isf'k;ksa] ,dkxzr rFkk eseksjh ds fy, ykHkçn gksrh gSA bldk lcls
egRoiw.kZ çHkko efLr"d ij gksrk gSA
6- dikyHkkfr& dikyHkkfr chekfj;ksa ls nwj j[kus ds fy, jkeck.k ekuk tkrk gSA ;g
cyxe] fiÙk ,oa ty tfur jksxksa dks u"V djrh gSA ;g flj dk 'kks/ku djrh gS
vkSj QsQM+ksa ,oa dksf'kdkvksa ls lkekU; 'olu fØ;k dh rqyuk esa vf/kd dkcZu
MkbZv‚DlkbM fudkyrh gSA vr% dgk tkrk gS fd "kV~deksZa esa dikyHkkfr çR;sd
jksxksa dk bykt gSA
1- "kV~deksZa ls 'kjhj dk 'kks/ku gksrk gSA
2- jä lapj.k Bhd çdkj ls gksrk gSA
3- jä lEcU/kh jksx nwj gksrs gSaA
4- Ropk lEcU/kh jksx nwj gksrs gSaA
5- dCt] coklhj] HkxUnj isV ds lHkh jksxksa dks nwj djrs gSaA
6- "kVdeZ dh N% fØ;k,¡ 'kjhj dks lEiw.kZ :i ls jksx eqä j[krh gSA
7- 'kjhj ds fo"kkä rRo 'kjhj ls ckgj fudkyrs gSaA
8- okr] fiÙk] dQ leku gksrs gSaA
9- ukMh;ksa dk 'kqf)dj.k gksrk gSA
10- ekufld o 'kkjhfjd jksx nwj gksrs gSaA
11- ;ksx dh mPpre ;ksx lk/kuk ij tkus okyh fn'kk esa "kVdeZ igyk pj.k gSA
12- efLr"d dks 'kkar j[kus o cspkSuh] lqLrh] udkjkRedrk dks nwj djus dk dk;Z djrk
gSA
13- cfLr] 'ka[kç{kkyu ls rFkk ewy'kks/ku ls vkars iwjh rjg ls LoPN dj] iqjkuk lM+k
gqvk ey nwj gks tkrk gSA ikpu rU= ds fodkjksa dk mipkj djrk gSA
14- ftl le; 'kjhj esa vR;f/kd fodkj gks vkSj okr] fiÙk rFkk dQ vlUrqfyr gks] rks
çk.kk;ke vkSj ;ksxkH;kl ls iw.kZ "kVdeZ djus ls ykHk çkIr gksrk gSA
6.0 "kV~deZ dh çklafxdrk
1- LokLF; ds {ks= esa
2- fpfdRlk ds {ks= esa
3- çfrjks/kkRed ds {ks= esa
4- ;ksx lk/kuk {ks= esa
5- çfr;ksfxrk {ks= esa
6.1 LokLF; ds {ks= esa
;ksx dh "kVdeZ fØ;kvksa ds vH;kl ls LoLFk O;fä;ksa ds LokLF; dks cuk;s j[kus esa
lgk;rk feyrh gSA LoLFk O;fä ;fn lIrkg esa ,d ;k nks ckj /kkSfr] ofLr] usfr] =kVd

35 | P a g e
MkWΠjkds'k fxfj o jkgqy dqekj&"kV~deehZ; mikns;rk o ewY;kadu fl)kUr
International Journal of Information Movement Vol.5 Issue XII (April 2021)
Website: www.ijim.in ISSN: 2456-0553 (online) Pages 28-37
,oa diky Hkk¡fr "kVdeZ fØ;kvksa dk vH;kl djrs jgs rks nks"k] /kkrq o vfXu;k¡ le jgsxh
ftlls mudk LokLF; vPNk jgsxkA
6.2 fpfdRlk ds {ks= esa
fpfdRlk ds {ks= esa "kVdeZ dh çklafxdrk egRoiw.kZ gSaA gB çnhfidk esa dgk x;k
gS fd ;fn 'kjhj esa esn /kkrq ;k 'ys"ek dh vf/kd ek=k gS rks çk.kk;ke ls iwoZ "kVdeZ
fØ;kvksa dk vH;kl vo'; djuk pkfg,A
esn% 'ys"ekf/kd% iwoaZ "kVdekZf.k lekpjsr~A9
Lokeh pj.knkl th "kVdeZ dh usfr fØ;k dh egÙkk crkrs gq, dgrs gSa fd&
dku ukd v: nk¡r dks] jksx u O;kiS dks;A
mTtoy gksos uSugh] fur usfr dfj lks;AA10
vFkkZr~ usfr fØ;k ds fuR; vH;kl djus ls dku] ukd rFkk nk¡r ds jksx dHkh ugha
gksrs gSa rFkk u;uksa esa rstfLork vkrh gSA
6.3 çfrjks/kkRed ds {ks= esa
"kVdeZ dh fØ;k,¡ 'kjhj esa jksx çfrjks/kkRed {kerk dk fodkl djrk gSA orZeku
le; esa dksjksuk egkekjh ls cpko esa usfr fØ;k ,oa oeu fØ;k dh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gSA
ftl çdkj ckj&ckj gkFk /kksus ls gkFkksa esa yxh xanxh o ok;jl /kqy tkrs gSa mlh çdkj
usfr fØ;k ls ukd o xys dh xanxh o ok;jl /kqydj lkQ gks tkrs gSa rFkk oeu /kkSfr ds
vH;kl ls eq¡g] xyk o isV dh xanxh lkQ gksrh gS ftlls 'kjhj dh çfrjks/kkRed 'kfä dk
fodkl gksrk gS rFkk jksxksa dk fuokj.k gksrk gSA ukSfy o vfXu lkj fØ;kvksa ls tBjkfXu
çnhIr gksrh gSA ukSfy o vfXulkj fØ;kvksa ls tBjkfXu çnhIr gksrh gSA /kkSfr o diky
Hkk¡fr ls dQ jksx ds çfr çfrjks/kkRed 'kfä c<+rh gSA
6.4 ;ksx lk/kuk {ks= esa
;ksfx;ksa dks viuh ;ksx lk/kuk esa vkxs c<+us ds fy, "kVdeZ fØ;kvksa dk fo'ks"k
;ksxnku gSA ;ksfx;ksa dks cU/k ds vH;kl ds fy, loZçFke cLrh fØ;k djds isV ¼cM+h vk¡r½
dh lQkbZ djuh iM+rh gSA isV dh lQkbZ gksus ls ewy cU/k rFkk mìh;kucU/k yxkus esa
lgk;rk feyrh gSA "kVdeZ dh =kVd o dikyHkk¡fr fØ;kvksa ds vH;kl ls vkKk pØ dh
'kqf) gksrh gS vkSj ;ksxh /;ku ds vH;kl ds fy, rS;kj gksrk gSA blls /;ku yxkus esa
ljyrk gksrh gSA ;ksx lk/kuk esa lQyrk ds fy, le;kuqlkj N% ekg esa ,d ckj 'kadk
ç{kkyu djuk vfuok;Z gSA ftlls 'kjhj dh 'kqf) gksrh gS ,oa ;ksx lk/kuk esa lQyrk
feyrh gSA
6.5 çfr;ksfxrk {ks= esa
çkUrh;] jk"Vªh; ,oa vUrjkZ"Vªh; ;ksx çfr;ksfxrkvksa esa "kV~deZ dh fØ;kvksa dk vH;kl
fo'ks"k :i ls djk;k tkrk gS] blls fo|ky;ksa] egkfo|ky;ksa rFkk fo'ofo|ky; Lrj ds

9
?ksŒlaŒ 1@54
10
g΍Π2@36

36 | P a g e
MkWΠjkds'k fxfj o jkgqy dqekj&"kV~deehZ; mikns;rk o ewY;kadu fl)kUr
International Journal of Information Movement Vol.5 Issue XII (April 2021)
Website: www.ijim.in ISSN: 2456-0553 (online) Pages 28-37
fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa "kV~deZ ds vH;kl esa :fp mRiUu djuk gksrk gSA ftlls fo|kFkhZ "kVdeksZa dk
fu;fer vH;kl djds vius vki dks LoLFk cukrs gSaA
7.0 lanHkZ xzUFk lwph
1 fnxEcj th] Lokeh ,oa >k] ihrkEcj ¼1980½ gBçnhfidk ¼LokRekjke] —r½(
dSoY;/kke JheUek/ko ;ksxfUnj lfefr] yksukokyk ¼iq.ks½A
2 }kfjdknkl 'kkL=h] Lokeh ¼2009½ gB;ksx çnhfidk( pkS[kEck fo|kHkou] okjk.klhA
3 ljLorh] fujatukuUn ¼1997½ ?ksj.M lafgrk( ;ksx ifCyds'ku VªLV] eqaxsj ¼fcgkj½A
4 frokjh] vkseçdk'k ¼1983½ v"Vkax;ksx ¼lar pj.knkl —r½( dSoY;/kke] yksukokyk
¼iq.ks½A
5 ljLorh] lR;kuUn ¼2006½ vklu çk.kk;ke eqækca/k( ;ksx ifCyds'ku VªLV] eqaxsj
¼fcgkj½

37 | P a g e
MkWΠjkds'k fxfj o jkgqy dqekj&"kV~deehZ; mikns;rk o ewY;kadu fl)kUr