Dinio, Krissa Pauline D.

BSMT-2D Chapter 6 In Sunny Spain (1882 1885) Jose Rizal -had finished his 4th year of Medical course in UST. - disgusted with the antiquated method of instruction in this university (UST), He decided to complete his studies in Spain. Spain -Constitutional Monarchy -Granted human rights, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and freedom of assembly. Another reason for going to spain: Secret Mission. Mission was to observe: *the life, culture, language & customs, industries & commerce and governments & laws of the european nations. Why? To prepare himself in the mighty task of liberating his people from spanish tyranny. Jose R. Made a letter which was delivered to his parents shortly after his departure for Spain. -Begged forgiveness for living Philippines without his parents permission and blessings. (Rizal s letter pp. 57 58) May 20, 1982 - The secret mission was disclosed by paciano and wrote a letter to Rizal. (Paciano s letter pp. 58) Secret Departure for Spain -Kept secret to avoid detection by the Spanish authorities and friars. People who knew: y Paciano y Antonio Rivera (Father of Leonor R.) y Neneng and Lucia (Sisters) y Valenzuela Family y Pedro A. Paterno y Mateo Evangelista y Ateneo Jesuit fathers y Some intimate friends (Jose M. Cecilio) He used the name Jose Mercado , a cousin from Binan. Jose also wrote a farewell letter for his sweetheart Leonor Rivera. May 3, 1882 Rizal departed on board the spanish steamer salvadora bound for singapore. Singapore (during the voyage) -He observed the people and things on board. -There were 16 passengers. 5 or 6 ladies, many children then the rest are gentlemen. -played chess with his fellow passengers. - he was the only filipino. Donato Lecha -Ship captain. -From Austria, Spain. May 8, 1882 Rizal saw and was fascinated by a beautiful island, he remembered Talim Island with the susong dalaga. May 9, 1882 the Salvadora docked at Singapore. -He registered at Hotel de la Paz. -Spent 2 days on sightseeing. - He saw the Botanical Garden, Buddhist temples, Shopping district, and the statue of Sir Thomas Stanford Raffles (founder of Singapore)

Singapore to Colombo -Rizal transferred to another ship Djemnah, Djemnah -a french steamer. - left Singapore for Europe on May 11, 1882 -Larger and cleaner vessel and carried more passengers. -Filipino passengers (Mr. and Mrs. Salazar, Mr. Vicente Pardo, and Jose Rizal) -Majority of the passengers were Frenchspeaking. May 17, 1882 Djemnah reached Point Galle. Point Galle - Rizal was unimpressed this town. -He wrote on his travel diary The general appearance of Point Galle is picturesque but lonely and quiet and at the same time sad. May 18, 1882 Djemnah reached colombo. -Rizal wrote on his diary Colombo is more beautiful, smart and elegant than Singapore, Point Galle, and Manila. Rizal sighted the barren coast of Africa, which he called inhospitable land but famous. Next stop over: Aden - where he saw camels. City of Suez -He was impressed by the beautiful moonlight. It took 5 days for Djemnah to transverse the Suez canal. Ferdinand de Lesseps -Built the Suez canal which was inaugurated on November 17, 1869. Port Said (Mediterranean terminal of suez) -Rizal landed to see interesting sights. He was fascinated to hear multi-racial inhabitants of speaking a babel tongues. June 11- Rizal reached Naples.

June 12 - Djemnah docked at Marseilles. -He visited Chateau d lf, where Dantes was imprisoned. ( The Count of Monte Cristo) He stayed 2 and a half days at Marseilles. June 16, 1882 Rizal reached Barcelona. Barcelona -Rizal thought that it was ugly, with dirtly little inns and inhospitable residents. -Later, he changed his bad impression and liked the city. He found it to be a great city with freedom and liberalism, and its people were open-hearted and hospitable. Rizal was welcomed by his school mates in ateneo. They gave him a party at their favorite caf in Plaza de Cataluna. Amor Patrio (Love of country) (pp. 62-63) -First article written in Spain. Basilio Teodoro Moran -Published Rizal s first article in Diariong tagalog (First manila bilingual newspaper) on August 20, 1882. -Requested more articles from Rizal. Los Viajes (Travels) - Second article. Revista de Madrid (Review of Madrid) -Third article which he wrote on Madrid dated November 29, 1882. -It was returned to him bec. Diariong Tagalog lacked funds for publication. Rizal received sad news about the cholera ravaging Manila and the provinces and the unhappiness of Leonor Rivera. May 26, 1882- Paciano advised Rizal to finish the Medical course in Madrid. Fall of 1882- Rizal left Barcelona and settled in Madrid (Capital of Spain)

November 3, 1882 -Rizal enrolled in Universidad Central de Madrid. -Medicine and Philiosophy and Letters. Aside from heavy studies in the university: -He also studied painting and sculpture in the Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando. -Took lessons in French, German and English under private instructors. -Practised fencing and shooting in the Hall of Arms of Sanz y Carbonell. Romance with Consuelo Ortiga y Perez -Rizal was attracted by her beauty and vivacity. -He even composed a poem A la senorita for her on August 22, 1883. Rizal backed out because: -He was still engaged to Leonor Rivera. -His friend and co-worker, Eduardo de Lete was madly in love with Consuelo. Circulo Hispano-Filipino( Hispano-Philippine circle) -A society of spaniards and Filipinos. Upon the request of the members of this society, he wrote a poem entitled Me Piden Versos which he declaimed on December 31, 1882. Reading is Rizal s favorite pastime. He purchased second hand books and he was able to build a fair-sized private library. June 17 to August 20, 1883 -During his summer vacation in Madrid, Rizal went to Spain. At first he stayed at the Hotel de Paris on 37 Rue de Maubange; later he moved to a cheaper hotel on 124 Rue de Rennes in the Latin Quarter. Rizal was mistaken by the Parisians as Japanese.

The cost of living in Paris for Rizal was too high. He commented in his letter that Paris is the costliest capital in Europe. Rizal as a Mason -his reason for becoming a mason was to secure Freemasonry s aid in his fight against the friars in the Philippines. November 15, 1890 -He became a master mason. Science, Virtue and Labor -His only Masonic writing. -Delivered in 1889 at Lodge Solidaridad, Madrid. Financial Worries -The monthly allowances of Rizal in Madrid were late in arrival and there were times when they never arrived. -At one time paciano forced to sell his younger brother s pony in order to send money in Madrid. June 24, 1884 -He was broke and was unable to take his breakfast. -He participated in the contest in Greek language and won the gold medal. -in the evening of the same day, he was able to eat dinner for he was a guest speaker in banquet held in honor of Juan Luna and Felix Resureccion. June 25, 1884 -Celebration of the double victory of the Filipino artist in the National Exposition of Fine Arts in Madrid. Luna- Spolarium (1st prize) Hidalgo- Christian virgins expose to the Populace. (2nd prize) November 20, 21, 22 -Madrid exploded in bloody riots by the students of the Central University. -Rizal and other students participated.

June 21, 1884 -He was conferred the degree of Licentiate in medicine by the Universidad Central de Madrid. June 19, 1885 -He was awarded the degree of licentiate in Philosophy and Letters by the Universidad Central de Madrid. Completed his studies in Spain, he became qualified to be a professor of humanities in any Spanish University. Also he became a full-pledged physician, qualified to practice medicine. He wrote a letter to his family dated November 26, 1884: My doctorate is not very of much value to me. Because although it is useful to a university professor, yet I believe they will never appoint me as such in College of Santo Tomas. I say the same thing of philosophy and letters which may serve also for a professorship, but I doubt if the Dominican fathers will grant it to me.