DAIRY FEEDING MANAGEMENT

Prof. Dr. Makhdoom Abdul Jabbar

Chairman Deptt. of Food and Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore. Ph. # 042-7236374 Mob. 0333-4568071 makhdoom861@hotmail.com

Bacteria and Protozoa present in the rumen

FODDERS:
1) 2) 3) Summer Fodders Winter Fodders Dry Fodders

Composition of Summer Fodders

Type of fodder

Production/a Dry matter cre (Ton) (%) 18-20 20-25 50-60 20-22 70-90 15-18 29.30 30.0 27.59 29.50 16.54 20.90

Protein (%) 7.04 6.20 6.98 6.08 7.52 17.35

Maize Sorghum Sadabahar Millet Mott Grass Guara

Composition of Winter Fodders

Type of fodder Berseem Lucerne Rye grass Oats Dry Matter (%) 15.62 24.26 14.21 22.10 Protein (%) 19.90 22.83 22.85 8.98 Yield (Tons/acre) 30-35 52-60 30-40 30-35

Composition of dry fodders

Type of fodder Wheat straw Rice straw Maize stovers Sorghum stovers Millet stovers Corn cobs Berseem hay Lucerne hay Dry Matter (%) Protein (%) 92.75 2.59 92.82 3.06 82.50 5.45 80.50 3.74 85.00 4.00 90.50 1.66 85.60 18.46 87.50 18.86

Daily allowance

Fodder @ 10% of body weight ~ 40-60 kg Ration ~ Half of milk production More ration during summer season Water should be available all the time Mineral mixture @ 2% in the ration

Silage

Silage is a method of preservation of fresh fodder by which high moisture fodder can be stored for longer period without any deterioration.

Types of silos

Bag Silos

COMMON FEED INGREDIENTS For FEED FORMULATION

COMPOSITION OF COMMON FEED INGREDIENTS

Name of feed ingredient Cotton seed cake Rape seed cake Sunflower cake Cotton seed meal Soybean meal Maize gluten feed 20% Maize gluten feed 30% Maize gluten feed 60% Urea Protein TDN (%) Est. Price (Rs. (%) Per Kg) 23.04 37.10 30.47 39.59 44 - 48 21.85 30.70 64.70 287.0 63.4 79.8 69.8 79.8 84.0 79.1 83.6 94.6 10.00 9.00 8.00 12.00 18.00 5.25 5.50-6.0 16-18 10.0

Name of feed ingredient Rice polishing Wheat bran Wheat grains Maize grains Sorghum Millet Oats Grams (black) Oil Molasses

Protein TDN (%) Est. Price (Rs. (%) Per Kg) 12.36 14.99 12.80 9.80 15.75 10.55 10.21 20.35 00.00 3.04 89.9 71.0 78.9 81.2 78.5 77.2 77.2 75.2 195.0 80.5 6.50-7.0 6.70 10.00 10.0-11.50 15.00 15.00 12.00 20.00 50.00 10.00

MAIN PARTS OF A RATION FORMULA

Vitamins sources Mineral Energy sources sources Protein sources Cotton seed cake Cotton seed meal Rape seed cake Rape seed meal Sunflower cake Sunflower meal Maize glutens, Urea etc.

Vitamins A, Salt, bone Wheat bran D and E, meal, DCP Maize bran and mineral Rice bran Rice mixtures polishing, etc. grains, molasses and oils etc.

Name of Ingredients

OPTIMUM LEVELS OF VARIOUS FEED INGREDIENTS IN THE RATION.

Safe Upper Reasons level in the Ration 20-25 10-13 10-13 15-20 15-20 15-20 20-25 20-25 5-10 10-15 1-2 %

Cotton seed cake Rape seed cake Sunflower cake Cotton seed meal Rape seed meal Canola meal Pea nut cake Maize gluten 20 & 30% Maize gluten 60% Soybean meal Urea

Price and Quality Bitter taste, glucosinates Less palatable Protein % & price Protein level Off flavor in milk Anti-nut. factors Quality & taste Price, protein % Price & Quality of Protein Toxicity, low productivity

OPTIMUM LEVELS OF VARIOUS FEED INGREDIENTS IN THE RATION Cont.

Rice polishing Wheat bran Molasses Wheat grains Maize grains Sorghum Oils Salt DCP Mineral mixture 20 % 25 % 15-20 15-20 40-50% 15-20% 2-3% 1-2% 1-2% 2% Rancidity, off flavor Laxative Diarrhea Acidosis/price Low in calcium Tannins/price Costly, indigestion Requirements -do-do-

DIFFERENT FORMULAE FOR DAIRY ANIMALS

RATION FORMULA FOR DAIRY ANIMALS-1 Sr. No. Feed Ingredients 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Protein TDN Cotton seed cake Maize gluten 30% Sunflower meal Wheat bran Rice polishing Maize ground Molasses Mineral mixture Total (%) (%) Percentage 15.0 20.0 5.0 18.0 15.0 10.0 15.0 2.0 100.0 = = 17.6 75.3

RATION FORMULA FOR DAIRY ANIMALS-2 (When cotton seed meal is not available)
Sr. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Feed Ingredients Soybean meal Canola meal Cotton seed cake Wheat bran Maize grain Molasses Mineral mixture Urea Total Percentage 13.0 9.0 12.0 28.0 20.0 15.0 2.5 0.5 100.0

Protein (%) TDN (%)

= =

16.90 73.66

RATION FORMULA FOR DAIRY ANIMALS-3 (When molasses is not Sr. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Feed Ingredients Rape seed cake Cotton seed cake Rice polishing Wheat bran Maize grain Mineral mixture Total
= = available)

Percentage 15.0 15.0 20.0 28.0 20.0 2.0 100.0

Protein (%) TDN (%)

16.17 73.43

RATION FORMULA FOR DAIRY ANIMALS-4 ( With Soybean ) Percentage Feed Ingredients
Soybean meal Sunflower meal Wheat bran Rice polishing Grains Molasses Mineral mixture Total Protein TDN = = = = = = = = = = 18.21% 77.81% 14 15 24 20 10 15 2.0 100.00

CALF STARTER RATION

Sr. No. Feed Ingredients 1 Cotton seed meal/soybean meal 2 Maize grains (ground) 3 4 5 6 7 8 Wheat bran Rice polish Molasses Mineral mixture Vitamins Calcium carbonate Total Protein (%) TDN (%) Price per Kg = = = 18.51 75.00 15.00

CALF STARTER RATION

Percentage 30.0 45.0 8.6 5.0 10.0 1.0 0.1 0.3 100

Mature low quality fodder

Urea molasses block

FEED SUPPLEMENTS urea molasses blocks

Sr. No. Feed Ingredients 1 Maize gluten 30% 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Urea Rice polishing/wheat bran Canola/Cotton seed meal Bentonite Calcium carbonate Molasses Mineral mixture Total = Rs. 7.75 Percentage 22.0 2.0 20.0 10.0 6.0 2.0 36.0 2.0 100

Price per Kg

MINERAL MIXTURE ?

MINERAL MIXTURE
Sr. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Feed Ingredients Di-calcium phosphate (DCP) Common salt Magnesium sulfate Ferrous sulfate Manganese sulfate Zinc sulfate Copper sulfate Potassium iodide Cobalt chloride Sodium selenate Total Percentage 70.81 kg 18.91 kg 8.64 kg 0.89 kg 0.49 kg 0.22 kg 0.03 kg 8.77 gm 0.89 gm 1.50 gm 100.0 kg

Price per Kg

Rs. 30.00

BALES OF MIXED

COMPLETE RATION

REDUCTION IN VOLUME DUE TO DENSIFICATION

BALED RATION FOR DRY ANIMALS Sr. No. Feed Ingredients Percentage
1 2 3 4 5 6 Wheat straw Sunflower cake Cotton seed meal Urea Molasses Mineral mixture Total
= = = = = 12.0 68.0 7.16 8.0 57.0

50.0 20.0 10.0 1.0 18.0 1.0 100.0

Crude protein (%) TDN (%) Price per kg (Rs.) Daily feed required (Kg) Daily feed cost (Rs.)

BALED RATION FOR LACTATING BUFFALOES WITH 10.0 LIT. DAILY MILK
Sr. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Feed Ingredients Wheat straw Rice polishing Cotton seed meal Canola meal Maize ground Molasses Mineral mixture Vitamins (A,D,E & K) Total Crude protein (%) TDN (%) Price per kg (Rs.) Daily feed required (Kg) Daily feed cost (Rs.) = = = = = 12.0 68.0 8.80 12.5 110.0 Percentage 43.0 10.0 10.0 15.0 9.0 10.0 2.0 0.1 100.0

BALED RATION FOR 15 lit PRODUCTION Sr. No. Feed Ingredients Percentage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Wheat straw Rice polishing Cotton seed meal Soybean meal Canola meal Maize ground Molasses Mineral mixture Vitamins (A,D,E & K) Total
Crude protein (%) TDN (%) Price per kg (Rs.) Daily feed required (Kg) Daily feed cost (Rs.) = = = = = 15.0 70.0 9.58 14.0 135.0

26.0 15.0 08.0 10.0 14.0 15.0 9.9 2.0 0.1 100.0

HEALTH IS WEALTH !

American Soybean Association & Nutrionists Association of Pakistan