решений, принятых в момент речи (quick decisions), для обещаний и желаний, в то время как going to –
для запланированных решений (planned decisions). Оборот с will используется также для предсказаний. Future I’m going to Future I will Simple Present Present Progressive
plan action in the future that cannot be influenced
intention prediction action set by a timetable or action already arranged schedule for the near future decision made for the future quick decision Категория "решения" для will, going to, Present Continuous Will Решение может быть спонтанным, то есть принятым в настоящий момент, в качестве мпровизации или вашей реакции на сложившуюся ситуацию. В этом случае используем Will (Future Simple). Let’s have a party tonight. Ok! I will buy some food! Когда мы имеем дело с планом на будущее, то есть с долгосрочным решением, принятым ранее, используются 2 конструкции going to и время Present Continuous. Going to Eсли вы уже приняли решение, однако к осуществлению плана еще не приступали, то есть вы не договаривались о встрече, не назначали дату, не покупали билеты, то такой план на будущее выражаем с помощью конструкции be going to. Например, вы решили купить машину, так как ваша старая уже вам не нравится. Вы скажете своим друзьям: My car is too old, I’m going to buy a new one. То есть данное решение было не спонтанным, хорошо обдуманным, вы вынашивали его некоторое время, однако еще не начали воплощать в жизнь. Present Continuous Время Present Continuous следует использовать уже в том случае, если вы уже начали осуществлять свой план на будущее, у вас есть договоренности с людьми, или запланированы даты предстоящего события. К примеру в случае I’m buying a new car next week – мы уже знаем когда осуществиться наш план. Сравним еще две ситуации: 1. Mom! Dad! We are going to get married! 2. We are getting married in June. В первом случае мы радостно сообщаем нашим родителям о принятом нами ранее решении без уточнений (going to). Во втором же – мы говорим о времени, когда наш план осуществится (Present Continuous). Предсказания с will и going to Как отличить решение от предсказания? Дело вот в чем, в случае решения, мы говорим о намерениях своих или другого человека, а в случае предсказания – об объективном или субъективном в нашем представлении варианте будущего, то есть о том, что может случится независимо от наших намерений и планов. Для выражения предсказания в английском используются только две конструкции: will и going to. Для предсказаний не может быть использован Present Continuous, так как его функционал затрагивает только запланированные действия. В чем же разница между предсказаниями will и going to Will В случае с will предсказания будут иметь субъективный характер. За их основу берется собственное, ничем не подтвержденное мнение. При таком предсказании отсутствуют какие-либо факты, указывающие на достоверность и вероятность свершения данного события в будущем. При этом вера в собственное предсказание может быть сильна. Рассмотрим на примере: You will have twins – может нагадать гадалка молодой девушке, которая еще даже не замужем. В обоих случаях нет достоверных фактов, указывающих на то, что предсказания сбудутся, а есть лишь ваши предсказания, основанные на собственном субъективном мнении. Going to Предсказания с going to – это скорее прогнозы, имеющие под собой твердое обоснование. Это может быть действие, которое вот-вот произойдет на ваших глазах или же прогноз на более отдаленное будущее, однако подтвержденный фактами, показанием приборов, рядом улик или доказательств. Например: You are going to have twins, – скажет врач ультразвуковой диагностики беременной женщине, опираясь на показания прибора. Или же ситуация: вы видите как сильный ветер раскачивает вывеску магазина с уже поврежденным креплением It’s going to fall! – она вот-вот упадет! Если вы видите, как темные грозовые тучи закрыли небо и ощущаете, как срываются первые капли дождя, вы скажете: It’s going to rain. Обещания и угрозы Если надумаете что-нибудь пообещать или кому-нибудь угрожать, делайте это правильно и используйте will. Примеры: Два друга не разлей вода в детском садике могут пообещать друг другу вечную дружбу: I will be your friend forever. Очередной самоубийца на крыше в типичном третьесортном американском фильме скажет полицейскому, уговаривающему его не прыгать и не делать глупостей: Stay away or I will jump! Shall Есть особое значение, в котором сейчас употребляется только shall – когда вы предлагаете свою помощь кому-нибудь. Причем это обязательно должен быть вопрос, и обязательно в контексте я и мы. Shall I close the window? You look cold. – Мне закрыть окно? Похоже, что ты замерз. Shall I read it? – Мне прочитать это? Упражнение 1. Раскройте скобки, используя Future Simple или be going to to. Choose between Future Simple and be going to to complete the conversation. — Can I speak to Fiona, please? — Speaking. Is that you, Pat? — It’s me. Hi. What you ______________ (1 – do) tonight? — I don’t know yet. I think, I _____________ (2 — read) the book Nora gave me yesterday. — How about going to the cinema? — Sounds good, but I’m looking after my little brother after eight, because my parents are going to their friend’s birthday party. — Poor you. Your brother is so naughty sometimes! — But I love him. He’s so funny! I think, he _______________ (3 — be) a good clown. He says he ______________ (4 — be) a pilot, nothing else. Well, what ______________ (5 — do) you tonight? — I don’t know either. I wanted to go somewhere nice with you, but you are baby-sitting tonight, so I __________ (6 — help) you to baby-sit, if you don’t mind. —Of course, I don’t. Come along and we___________ (7 — have) a nice cup of tea and _________ (8—play) with my brother.
Упражнение 2. Раскройте скобки, используя Future Simple или be going to to. Choose between Future Simple and be going to. 1. She is sure that he ___________ (not/manage) to catch the train. 2. Next year we _______________ (travel) together around Europe. 3. The athletes soon _________ (return) from the competition. 4. His parents think Jim __________ (become) a doctor one day. 5. They have bought new sports shoes. They ___________ (start) running next week. 6. It’s getting dark. I ___________ (turn) on the light. 7. They __________ (be) eighteen next month. 8. Scientists for sure _________ (find) a cure for this disease.
Упражнение 3. Соотнесите предложения с правилами использования will или be going to. 1. I'm going shopping now. OK, I'll come with you. 2. Many people think life will be easier in the future. 3. It's six o'clock now. It's going to be dark soon. 4. We're going to watch a football match tomorrow. a) a general prediction about the future b) an instant decision c) a plan or intention d) a prediction about the future based on present evidence. Упражнение 4. Подчеркните верный вариант. Choose and underline the correct form of the verb. 1) A: It's hot in here. В: I'm going to / I’ll open the window. A: Do you want tea or coffee? В: I'm going to / I'II have coffee, please. A: What are you going to / will you do next weekend? В: I don't know. 2) A: The phone's ringing. Shall I answer it? В: It's going to / It'II be Janet for me. Don't get up. 3) A: I'm going to / I 'II see a film at two o'clock. В: I'm going to / I'II come with you. 4) Robots are going to / will do everything for us in the future. 5) A: I'm hungry, Mum. B: The oven is hot now. Dinner will be / is going to be ready in twenty minutes
Упражнение 5. Раскройте скобки, используя Future Simple или be going to. Choose between Future Simple and be going to. Becky: What _________ (1 you do) this weekend? Liam: I _________ (2 help) my dad on Saturday. What about you? Becky: Well, I _________ (3 not help) my dad! My grandparents live in Wales. I _________ (4 visit) them. Liam: That sounds great! Have you got any plans for Sunday? Becky: I _________ (5 play) volleyball on Sunday at three o'clock. I play for a team. We've got some good players. I think we _________ (6 win). Would you like to come and watch? Liam: OK, great idea! I _________ (7 see) you at the sports centre at three. Helen: I _________ (8 go) to the shops this afternoon with my mum. Mark: Oh, really? (9 you buy) _________ a birthday present for Jackie? Helen: Yes, I am. I _________ (10 look) for a new skirt for her party too. Mark: Mmm. I'd like to go shopping. Can I come with you? Helen: Of course! I _________ (11 ask) my mum.
Упражнение 6. Complete the conversation. Use 'm going to, 're going to, ‘ll or won't. A: (1) I ___________ play tennis this afternoon. В: Great! (2) I ___________ come with you. A: But you haven't got a tennis racket. В: (3) I ___________ borrow my brother's racket. A: And you don't know how to play tennis. В: (4) I ___________ practise first. A: But (5) I ___________ play with Phil and after the match (6) we ___________ have lunch with his parents. В: Oh! Well, then (7) I ___________ come with you. (8) I ___________ do my homework.
Упражнение 7. Complete the conversation. Use the correct form of will or going to. Tom: (1 you watch) ____________TV tonight? Ann: No. I've just bought some new CDs. I _______________ (2 listen) to them. What about you? Tom: I ___________ (3 watch) the new Brad Pitt film. It's on at 7.30. Ann: Oh, really? I didn't know about that. I think I _____________ (4 watch) it, too. I _____________ (5 listen) to my CDs tomorrow. Tom: Let's watch the film together. I_______________ (6 buy) some drinks and snacks. Ann: Oh, thanks. That's a great idea.
Упражнение 8. Use the correct form of will or going to. 1. My friend is travelling to the airport. She 'll /'s going to catch a plane. 2. In the future we won't travel by plane. We're going to / 'll travel by spaceship. 3. It's raining outside so we 'll / 're going to get wet. 4. In 2050 every person in the world will/ is going to have a mobile phone. 5. We're going to / 'll discover life on other planets in the future.
Упражнение 9. Choose the correct form of will or going to. 1. My dad's got a new job in London. We'll / ‘re going to move there in July. 2. I’ll / I'm going to visit France next month Mum's already bought our tickets. 3. 'It's hot in here!' ‘ I’ll / I'm going to open the window.' 4. They booked their summer holiday last week. They will / 're going to stay with their uncle. 5. 'It's a secret.' 'OK. I won't / 'm not going to tell anyone.' 6. 'Would you like cola or orange juice?' 'I 'll / 'm going to have cola, please.'
Упражнение 10. Choose the correct form of will or going to. Pete: What (1 you do) ______________ this weekend? Sara: I (2 go) _____________ to Paul's house on Saturday to watch a video. What about you? Pete: Well, I (3 not go) ______________ to Paul's house because it's my mum's birthday. But I (4 play) __________ football on Sunday morning. Sara: Oh really? I (5 come) ______________ and watch! Pete: OK. I (6 see) ____________ you there. Will: I think I (7 go) ___________ swimming. Do you want to come? Sue: I can't. I (8 visit) ______________ my grandparents. What (9 you do) ___________ tomorrow? Will: I (10 see) ___________ a film with Andy and Jill. Do you want to come too? Sue: Yes, great! I (11 meet) _____________ you outside the cinema.
Упражнение 11. Choose the correct answer. 1 Don t touch that dog. It’s going to bite / It’ll bite you. 2 I'm going out for a walk now. - But it's raining. -Oh, is it? Well, I'm going/ I’ll go out later. 3 Why don't you change your hair style? You're going to look / You 'll look much better. 4 Why do you want to sell your flat? - I'll move / I'm going to move to Madrid.
Упражнение 12. Сделайте предложения вопросительными и отрицательными. Make the sentences into negatives and questions. You'll be at home tonight. I'm going to see you tomorrow. It'll rain tomorrow. She's going to be late tonight.
Упражнение 13. Исправьте ошибки в предложениях, если таковые имеются. 1. What are you going to doing in Summer? 2. Jane shall travel to Italy. 3. Ted and Bob is going to go camping. 4. My grandparents are going to visit Scotland. 5. Our teacher will swim in the sea yesterday. 6. The boy will have a lot of fun next Sunday, will not he? Упражнение 14. Put the verbs into the correct form (will, going to, simple present, present progressive) 1. I love London. I (probably / go) there next year.
2. Our train (leave) at 4.47.
3. What (wear / you) at the party tonight?
4. I haven’t made up my mind yet. But I think I (find) something nice in my mom’s wardrobe.
5. This is my last day here. I (go) back to England tomorrow.
6. Hurry up! The conference (begin) in 20 minutes.
7. My horoscope says that I (meet) an old friend this week.
8. Look at these big black clouds! It (rain).
9. Here is the weather forecast. Tomorrow be (dry) and sunny.
Ответы: Exercise 1 1 are you going to do, 2 will read, 3 will be, 4 will be, 5 are you going to do, 6 will help, 7 will have, 8 (will) play Exercise 2 1 won’t manage, 2 are going to travel, 3 will soon return, 4 will become, 5 are going to start running, 6 will turn, 7 will be, 8 will find Exercise 3 1- b, 2 — a, 3 — d, 4 – c. Exercise 4 1 I’ll open / I’ll have / are you going to 2 It’ll be 3 I’m going to / I’ll come 4 will do 5 is going to be Exercise 5 1 are you going to do, 2 am going to help, 3 am not going to help, 4 am going to visit. 5 am going to play, 6 will win, 7 will see, 8 am going, 9 Are you going to buy, 10 am going to look , 11 will ask Exercise 6 1 'm going to, 2 'll, 3 'll, 4 will, 5 'm going to, 6 're going to, 7 won't, 8 'll Exercise 7 1 are you going to watch, 2 am going to listen, 3 am going to watch, 4 will watch, 5 will listen, 6 will buy Exercise 8 1. 's going to, 2 'll travel, 3 're going to, 4 will, 5 'll Exercise 9 1 ‘re going to move, 2 I'm going to, 3 I’ll, 4 're going to, 5 won't, 6 'll Exercise 10 1 are you going to do, 2 am going, 3 am not going, 4 am going to play, 5 I'll come, 6 'll see, 7 will go, 8 am going to visit, 9 are you going to do, 10 am going to see, 11 will meet Exercise 11 1. It’ll bite, 2 I’ll go, 3 You 'll look, 4 I'm going to move Exercise 13 1 to doing -> to do, 2 shall travel -> is going to travel, 3 is going -> are going, 4 correct, 5 yesterday -> tomorrow, 6 will not he ->won't he. Ответ: 1. I will probably go 2. Our train leaves 3. What are you going to wear? 4. I’ll find 5. I’m going to go 6. The conference begins 7. I’m meeting 8. It’s going to rain 9. It is going to be