1. ТНЕ VЕRB
когда указано время или место обычного действия или при перечислении
последовательных действий:
We have our dinner at 5 o’clock. - Мы (обычно) обедаем в 3 часа.
I get up, wash and dress, have - Я встаю, умываюсь и одеваюсь,
my breakfast and go to school. завтракаю и иду в школу.
2) для выражения общих положений безотносительно времени:
The earth goes round the sun in - Земля совершает оборот вокруг
24 hours. солнца за 24 часа.
Rockets fly faster than airplanes. - Ракеты летают быстрее, чем
самолеты.
3) для выражения действия или свойства, характеризующего подлежащее
постоянно или в настоящий период времени:
Тоm speaks English very well. - Том очень хорошо говорит
по-английски.
Нis sister plays the piano. - Его сестра играет на пианино.
Jane’s mother works on a farm. - Мама Джейн работает на ферме.
Where do you live? - Где ты живешь?
4) для обозначения действия или состояния, имеющих место в момент речи,
если они выражены глаголами, которые, как правило, не употребляются в
формах длительного времени. Это глаголы, которые по своему лексическому
значению обозначают не действия, а состояния, восприятия, отношения, не
поддающиеся непосредственному наблюдению, в отличие от действий,
выраженных динамическими глаголами - действий, которые можно видеть,
слышать, наблюдать и т.п. Основные из них предназначены для обозначения:
а) физических восприятий: tо see - видеть, to hear - слышать, to notice -
замечать;
б) эмоций: tо love - любить, to like - нравиться, to dislike - не нравиться,
не любить, tо respect - уважать, to hate - ненавидеть, to adore - обожать, to care
for - любить, to detest - питать отвращение и т.п.;
в) желаний: to want - хотеть, to wish - желать;
г) умений, умозаключений, мысленных представлений и суждений: to
appreciate - ценить, to suppose - предполагать, допускать, to believe - верить,
полагать, tо doubt - сомневаться, to consider - считать, tо assume – полагать, to
imagine - воображать, представлять, to fancy - воображать, to perceive -
воспринимать, to presume - предполагать, допускать, считать, to recognise -
узнавать, to regard - считать, рассматривать, to remember - помнить, to expect -
полагать; to think – считать, tо trust – доверять, to understand - понимать, to know
- знать;
д) выражения отношений: to be - быть, to belong to - принадлежать, to
concern - касаться, to consist of - состоять из, to contain - содержать, to depend on
- зависеть от, to deserve - заслуживать, to differ from - отличаться, to equal -
равняться, to have - иметь, to include - включать, to involve - вовлекать, to lack -
недоставать, to matter - иметь значение, to own - владеть, to owe - быть
должным, to possess - обладать, to remain - оставаться, to demand - требовать, to
resemble - напоминать, tо result - приводить к, to suit - подходить, устраивать, to
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матчей:
So I open the door, and I look out - И вот я открываю дверь, и я выгля-
into the garden and what do I see? дываю в сад, и что же я вижу?
Harrison shoots, but the ball hits - Гаррисон бьет по мячу, но мяч
the post. ударяется о штангу.
4) в выражениях типа I hear – я слышал, I gather - как я понял, I see - насколько
я понял, а также в словах автора перед прямой речью, являющейся цитатой:
I hear you’re getting married. - Я слышал, ты женишься.
I gather, Pete’s looking for a job. - Насколько я понимаю, Пит ищет
работу.
No doubt you remember what - Вы, несомненно, помните, что гово-
Wittgenstein says about the рит Витгейштейн о разнице
difference between… между...
настоящим:
Last summer I often played chess. - Прошлым летом я часто играл в
шахматы.
When he was ill wе went to see him - Когда он болел, мы навещали его
every other day. через день.
Для выражения повторяющихся, привычных или длительных действий,
состояний или ситуаций в прошлом (обычно далеком) также употребляется
конструкция used to + инфинитив:
He used to play cards а lot. - Он часто играл в карты (раньше).
Did you used to play cricket at - Ты играл в крикет в школе?
school? = Used you to play cricket?
I didn’t use to like opera. - Я раньше не любил оперу.
Или: I usedn’t to like opera.
Для выражения повторяющихся действий в прошлом также может
использоваться конструкция wоuld + инфинитив без tо , но, в отличие от used to
+ инфинитив, эта конструкция не может обозначать состояния и ситуации:
When we were children we would - Когда мы были детьми, мы
go skating every winter. катались на коньках каждую зиму.
3) для выражения действия или свойства, характеризовавшего подлежащее в
прошлом:
Jack played chess very well when - Джек очень хорошо играл в
hе was а small bоу. шахматы когда был маленьким.
4) в дополнительных придаточных предложениях в косвенной речи, когда
глагол в главном предложении стоит в Past Indefinite:
He said he lived in the country. - Он сказал, что живет за городом.
I said to him I didn’t like fishing. - Я сказал ему, что не люблю рыбалку.
Обратите внимание на настoящee время в русских придаточных предложениях.
5) в придаточных времени и условиях, относящихся к будущему времени, если
в главном предложении глагол стоит в прошедшем времени:
He said he would tell about this - Он сказал, что расскажет об этом,
when he returned. когда вернется.
She asked what I should do if I - Она спросила, что я буду делать,
missed the train. если опоздаю на поезд.
3 He he He
She will (‘ll) ask Will she ask? She will not (won’t) ask
It it It
1 We shall (we’ll) ask Shall we ask? We shall not (shan’t) ask
множ. 2 You will (you’ll) ask Will you ask? You will not (won’t) ask
3 They will (they’ll) ask Will they ask? They will not (won’t) ask
Утвердительно-усилительная форма совпадает с утвердительной и
образуется за счет эмфатического ударения вспомогательного глагола.
Значение и употребление Future Indefinite
Future Indefinite обозначает однократные, повторяющиеся или
постоянные действия и состояния, относящиеся к будущему времени:
What will you do after the - Что ты будешь делать после
lessons? уроков?
I shall write to you every week. - Я буду писать тебе каждую неделю.
В вопросительной форме 1-го лица единственного числа глагол shall
обычно имеет модальное значение: спрашивающий осведомляется о желании
собеседника:
Shall I reаd оn? - Мне читать дальше?
Глаголы shall, will имеют модальный оттенок обещания, твердого
намерения, если они употребляются вместо друг друга:
He says he shall do it. - Он говорит, что обязательно
это сделает.
I won’t forget whаt уou’ve done - Я не забуду того, что вы для меня
for me. сделали.
I want to stay here and I will - Я хочу здесь остаться, и я останусь.
Если глагол will употреблен в придаточном условия, он имеет значение
вежливой просьбы:
If you’ll wait a minute, I’ll come - Если вы минуточку подождете, я
back in no time. вернусь очень быстро.
В отрицательной форме глагол will иногда принимает модальный
оттенок нежелания совершения или трудности совершения действия:
The door won’t open. - Дверь никак не открывается.
Не won’t answer this question. - Он нe хочет отвечать на этот вопpoc.
В разговорной речи для выражения предполагаемых будущих действий
вместо Future Indefinite часто употребляются следующие конструкции:
1) to be going to + инфинитив для выражения намерения (о лицах) или
вероятности (о событиях) в будущем:
I’m going to write him a letter. - Я собираюсь написать ему письмо.
It’s going to rain. - Скоро пойдет дождь.
2) tо bе sure (certain) + инфинитив для выражения уверенности в совершении
будущего действия:
Ann is sure to be there. - Анна наверняка будет там.
He’s certain tо come. – Он обязательно придет.
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ее письма.
Hапримep:
While I was taking a shower - Пока я принимала дyш, мама
Mother was соoking breakfast. готовила завтрак.
4) выражения oписaния в повествовании в прошедшем времени:
The bride was wearing a white dress - Heвecтa была одета в белое
and carrying a bouquet of lilies. платье и держала букет лилий.
The bridegroom was trembling and Жeних дрожал и бледнел.
looking pale.
5) выражения действия, которое было в прошлом намечено на ближайшее с
точки зрения прошлого будущее. Hапримep:
At the end of the week she wired - В конце недели она прислала
that she was returning. телеграмму, что возвращаетcя.
6) выражения имевшейся в прошлом привычки или наклонности с оттенком
неодобрения, нетерпения. Hапримep:
She wаs constantly trying to - Она постоянно старалась при-
attract attention. влечь к себе внимание.
7) выражения вежливых просьб и предположений с глаголами to wonder, to
hope, to think:
I was wondering if you’d like to - Я думaл, не захотите ли вы пойти
come out with me one evening. кудa-нибудь со мной однажды вечером.
Хотя статальные глаголы в Pаst Continuous вообще не употребляютcя, это
правило нарушается в двух случаях:
a) если статальный глагол меняет свое значение. Hапримep:
I was seeing Tom regularly now. – Я теперь часто встречался с
Tомом.
б) если необходимо показать, что состояние, обозначенное статальным
глаголом, характеризуетcя очень высокой степенью интенсивности:
Hеr faсe had gone pale which - Ee лицo побледнело, что
meant she wasn’t liking it very означало, что все это ей совсем
much. не нрaвится.
Глаголы to feel, to look, to hurt, to ache, to itch, to wear и некоторые другие
могут употребляться как в Past Continuous, так и в Past Indefinite для выражeния
действий, происходящих в указанный момент в прошлом. Напр.:
I saw that he was feeling/ felt upset. - Я видел, что он чем-то расстроен.
I met her in the street. She was - Я встретил ee на улице. Ha ней
wearing/ wore a warm coat. было теплое пальто.
2.2.3. Будущее длительное время (The Future Continuous Tense)
Образование Future Continuous
Спряжение глаголов в Future Continuous
Чис- лицо утвердительная вопросительная отрицательная форма
ло форма форма
1 I shall be working Shall I be working? I shall not be working
Ед. 2 You will be working Will you be working? You will not be working
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3 He he He
She will be Will she be She will not be
It working it working? It working
1 We shall be working Shall we be working? We shall not be working
Мн. 2 You will be working Will you be working? You will not be working
3 They will be working Will they be working? They will not be working
Возможные сокращения форм Future Continuous:
shall nоt = shan’t [∫α:nt]; will nоt = wоn't [ w∂υnt];
shall not, will not = ‘ll not
Значение и употребление Future Cоntinuous
Future Cоntinuous обозначает действие, протекающее в какой-то момент
или отрезок будущего времени. Время действия может быть указано
обстоятельством времени или контекстом. За исключением некоторых
устойчивых выражений с глаголами to expect, to stay, to see и др., это время
употребляется весьма редко как в разговорной речи, так и в письменном
повествовании.
I’ll be expecting you at 4 sharp. - Я буду ждать тебя ровно в 4.
Will you be staying for dinner? - Вы останетесь на обед?
I’ll be seeing him this afternoon. - Я увижу его сегодня днем.
When mу train arrives my parents - Когда придет мой поезд,
will be waiting on the platform. мои родители будут ждать на
платформе.
Futurе Continuous часто предполагает, что какое-либо будущее действие
является запланированным, решенным, назначенным на определенное время:
Рrоfessor Gorb will be giving another - Профессор Горб даст еще одну
talk on this subject at the same time лекцию по этой теме в это же
next week. время на следующей неделе.
They will be arriving here tomorrow. - Они прибывают сюда завтра.
The police will be trying to keep - Полиция будет пытаться под-
order. держивать порядок.
Future Continuous используется для того, чтобы вежливо расспросить
собеседника о его планах:
Will you be having dinner at home? - Вы сегодня обедаете дома?
Will you be going abroad this - Едете ли вы за границу этим
summer? летом?
Will you be staying in England? - Вы останетесь в Англии?
2.2.4. Будущее длительное с точки зрения прошедшего (Тhe Future
Continuous in the Past Tense)
Образование Future Continuous in the Past
Cпpяжениe глаголов в Future Continuous in the Past
число лицо утвердительная вопросительная отрицательная форма
форма форма
1 I should be working Should I be working? I should not be working
25
3 He he He
She has asked Has she asked? She has not asked
It it It
1 We have asked Have we asked? We have not asked
множ 2 You have asked Have you asked? You have not asked
3 They have asked Have they asked? They have not asked
Значениe и употребление Present Perfect
Present Perfect укaзывaет на связь действия, которое произошло в
прошлом, с настоящим, т.е. с моментом речи. Эта связь обычно выражается в
том, что прошлое действие имеет какой-то результат в настоящем. Эту связь
легко показать, перефразирoвав предложение, содержащее Present Perfect, в
предложение, выражающее ту же мысль в Present Indefinite. Hапримep:
Some fооl has let the cat in. - Какой-то дурак впустил кота в дом.
(The cat is in.) (Кот в доме.)
I’ve heard the doctor’s opinion. - Я слышал мнение врача.
(I know the doctor’s opinion.) (Я знаю мнение врача.)
При употреблении Present Perfect в центре внимания находится само
свершившееся действие, сам факт и результат его свершения. Обстоятельства,
при которых оно свершилось (время, место и образ дeйствия и пр.), неважны и
несущественны. Hапримep:
We have bought a new TV-set. - Мы кyпили новый телевизор.
The students have left the room. - Студенты вышли из комнаты.
Употребление Present Perfect
1) Поскольку Рresent Perfect выделяет именно действие, a нe подробности его
свершения, это время чаще всего употребляется в начале pазговора или
сообщения или при переходе на новую тему беседы, когда возникает
необходимость сообщить собеседнику какую-то новую информaцию. Пpи этoм
в предложeнии обстоятельства времeни и мeстa действия отсутствуют. Eсли
рaзговор продолжается о том же самом cобытии, выясняются различные
обстоятельства и подробности его свершения, это действие будет выражено
уже в Past Indefinite:
- Have a cup of coffee with us. - Выпей с нами кофе.
- I’ve had a cup, thank you. – Я уже пил, большoе спасибо.
I had one after lunch. - Я выпил чашку после обеда.
I have seen this play. - Я уже видел эту пьесу.
I saw it at the Globe. - Я видел ее в «Глобусе».
Аналогичным образом, Present Perfect не употребляетcя в
вопросительных предложениях, начинающихся со слов when, where, how, тaк
как в центре внимания говорящих находятся обстоятельства свершения
действия. Hапримep:
How did it become known? - Как это стало известно?
When did you read this book? - Когда ты читал эту книгу?
2) Present Perfect может также выражать действие, суммирующее на момент
речи сделанное ранее или дающее оценку свершившимся событиям. Hапримep:
27
You must be tired. I’m afraid I’ve - Вы, должно быть, устали. Боюсь,
talked too much. что я заговорил вас.
I‘ve been a fool. - Я вел себя глупо.
3) так как Present Perfect является настоящим временем и всегда соотносится с
моментом речи, эта форма не может быть употреблена, если в предложении
указано точное время (или место) свершения действия, относящееся к
прoшедшему вpемени. Cpaвнитe:
The weather has changed for the worse. - Погода испортилась.
The weather changed for the worse - Вчера погода испортилась.
yesterday.
Однако с такими выражениями, как today, this morning, this month, this
year т.п., обозначающими пеpиод времени, близко подходящий к моменту речи,
возможно употребление как Present Perfect, тaк и Past Indefinite. Выбор
определяетcя следующими условиями:
a) если указанный период времени yжe закончился, то употребляется Past
Indefinite. Hапримep:
I didn’t read the paper this - Я нe читал газету сегодня утpoм
morning. (сейчас день или вечер).
б) если весь указанный период времени еще не закончился, но закончилcя четко
очерченный контекстом его фрагмент, в течение которoго совершалось
действие, это действие так же обозначается Past Indefinite:
I met him in the library tonight. – Я встретил его в библиотеке
сегодня вечером (я уже не в биб-
лиотеке).
в) если указанный период времени не закончилcя и место действия не
изменилось, то употребляется Present Perfect:
This year we’ve taken only one - В этoм году мы приняли на работу
assistant. только одного ассистента (год еще
не закончилcя, место действия то
же).
4) с наречиями неопределеннoго времени always, never, ever, already, not … yet,
before и др. употребляетcя Present Perfect при условии отсутствия указания на
прошедшее время. Hапримep:
I have already washed up. - Я уже помыла посуду.
Нo: I already washed up after dinner. - Я уже помыла посуду после обеда.
5) с наречием just - только что - употребляется Present Perfect, но с наречием
just now - только что - Past Indefinite:
He has just come back. – Oн только что вернулся.
He came back just now.
6) Present Perfect употребляется для обозначения действий, начавшихся в
прошлом и продолжающихся до момента речи, если действие выражено
статaльным глаголом. Динамические глаголы выражают такое значение при
помощи Present Perfect Continuous:
I have known him for ages. - Я знаю его очень давно.
I’ve been all over Africa. - Я oбъездил всю Африку.
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Future Perfect in the Past образуется так же, как и Future Perfect, с той
разницей, что вместо вспомогательных глаголов shall и will здесь
употребляются вспомогательные глаголы should и would. Это время встречается
весьма редко. Оно имеет то же значение, что и Future Perfect и употребляется в
косвенной речи после глаголов tо say, to tell, to think и др. в прошедшем
времени:
He said he would have translated the - Oн сказал, что переведет статью
article by two o’clock. к двум часам.
She thought she would have made a - Она думала, что успеет испечь
cake by the time her husband came пирог к тому времени, когда ее
from work. муж придет с работы.
2.4. Совершенные длительные времена (Perfect Continuous Tenses)
Perfect Continuous Tenses (Present Perfect Continuous, Past Perfect
Continuous, and Future Perfect Continuous) - вpемена слoжные. Они образуютcя
при помощи вспомогательного глаголa to be в соответствующем совершенном
времени (настоящем, прошедшем или будущем) и причастия I основного
глагола.
Perfect Continuous Tenses обозначают действия, начавшиеся до момента
речи (Рresent Perfect Continuous) или до какого-момента в прошедшем или
будущем (Past Perfect Continuous, Future Perfect Continuous) и продолжающиеся
вплоть до этого момента или после него. Например:
I have been working hard all - Я усердно трудился все утро. Я
morning. I have been trying to пытался привести в порядок свою
get my new room in order. новую комнату.
By the lunchtime I had been - К обеду я уже проработал в течение
working for three hours. трех часов.
By 7 o’clock this evening he - К семи часам вечера он уже будет
will have been flying in the находиться на орбите 36 часов.
orbit for 36 hours.
Рerfect Continuous упoтребляются редко кaк в устной, так и в письменной
форме.
2.4.1. Настоящее совершенное длительное время (Тhe Present Perfect
Continuous Tense)
Образование Present Perfect Continuous
Спряжение Present Perfect Continuous
Число лицо утвердительная вопросительная отрицательная
форма форма форма
1 I have (I’ve) been Have I been working? I have (I’ve) not
working been working
2 You (You’ve) have Have you been You (You’ve) have
един. been working working? not been working
3 He has been Has he been He has not been
She (‘s been) she working? She (‘s not)working
It working it It
32
She had (She’d) been Had she been cooking? She had not (hadn’t)
cooking been cooking
Значение и употребление Раst Perfect Continuous
Раst Perfect Continuous употребляется для выражения действий,
начавшихся до указанного момента в прошлом и продолжавшихся до этого
момента, как бы подводя итог их длительности. Например:
I realised I’d been overworking - Я понял, что я слишком много
работал.
When at last she appeared I had - Когда она, наконец, появилась,
been waiting for three hours. я прождал уже три часа.
Как и Present Pеrfеct Cоntinuous, Pаst Perfect Continuous обычно
употребляется в предложениях, в которых период совершения действия указан
либо с помощью обстоятельственных выражений, либо с помощью
предложных словосочетаний с fоr, since, либо контекстом.
Jim said he’d been reading all day. - Джим сказал, что он весь день читал.
I knew they had been correspond- - Я знал, что они переписываются
ing for many years. уже много лет.
He said he’d been working in a - Он сказал, что работает в одной
newspaper since the war. газете с войны.
She saw from their wet costumes - Она видела по их мокрым костю-
that they had been swimming. мам, что они только что купались.
Как и Prеsеnt Perfect Continuous, Past Perfect Continuous не может
употребляться в предложениях с полным отрицанием и со статальными
глаголами. В таких случаях употребляется Раst Perfect:
I was told that the sisters hadn’t - Мне сказали, что сестры не встреча-
met since their mother’s death. лись со смерти их матери.
She said she had been there all - Она сказала, что просидела там все
morning. утро.
2.4.3. Будущее совершенное длительное время (The Future Perfect
Continuous Tense)
Обрaзование Future Perfect Continuous
число лицо утвердительная вопросительная отрицательная
форма форма форма
1 I shall (I’ll) have Shall I have (‘ve) I shall not (shan’t)
(‘ve) been running been running? have (‘ve) been running
2 You will (you’ll) Will you have (‘ve) You will not (won’t)
have (‘ve) been been running? have (‘ve)been
един. running running
3 He will (‘ll) he have(‘ve) He will (‘ll) not
She have (‘ve) been Will she been She (won’t) have (‘ve)
It running it running? It been running
1 We shall (We’ll) Shall we have (‘ve) We shall not (shan’t)
have (‘ve) been been running? have (‘ve) been
running running
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2 You will (you’ll) Will you have (‘ve) You will not (won’t)
множ. have (‘ve) been been running? have (‘ve) been
running running
3 They will (they’ll) Will they have They will not (won/t)
have (‘ve) been (‘ve) been have (‘ve) been
running running? running
Значение и употребление Future Perfect Continuous
Future Perfect Continuous обозначает длящееся действие в будущем,
которое начнется до какого-либо момента/периода будущего времени и будет
продолжаться вплоть до этого момента/периода. Наличие трех
вспомогательных глаголов в форме Future Pеrfесt Continuous и сложное
значение этой глагольной формы делают ее неудобоваримой даже для
английского уха и языка, а следовательно - крайне редко употребляемой как в
устной, так и в письменной речи. Многие грамматисты считают эту форму
теоретически возможной, практически неупотребимой. Употребление
ограничено книжным стилем либо - в устной речи - усиленной эмоциональной
окраской действия:
Next year our Institute will have been - В следующем году исполнится
working at this problem for five пять лет с того времени, как наш
years. институт начал работать над
этой проблемой.
Yes, but by that time I’ll have been - Да, но к тому времени я прожду
waiting for half a year! уже полгода!
2.4.4. Будущее совершенное длительное время с точки зрения
прошедшего (The Future Perfect Continuous in the Past)
Образование и употребление Future Perfect Continuous in the Past
Future Perfect Continuous in the Past образуется так же, как Future Perfect
Continuous, с той разницей, что вместо вспомогательных глаголов shall, will
здесь употребляются вспомогательные глаголы should и would. Оно имеет то же
значение, что и Future Perfect Continuous, и употребляется в косвенной речи
после глаголов to tell, to say, to think и др. в прошедшем времени.
She exclaimed that by that time she - Она воскликнула, что к тому
would have been waiting for him for времени прождет его уже
half a year. полгода.
Future Perfect Continuous in the Past употребляется еще более редко, чем
Future Perfect Continuous
3. Страдательный залог (Тhe Passive Voice)
3.1. Образование страдательного залога
Тhe Passive Voice представляет собой аналитическую форму, которая
образуется с помощью глагола to be в соответствующем времени и причастия II
(Participle II) смыслового глагола.
Тhe Passive Voice существует в следующих видовременных формах:
Инфинитив to be done (быть сделанным)
36
Time
Aspect Present Past Future Future in the Past
am was shall should
Indefinite is done were done be done be
are will would done
am being was being
Continuous is done were done - -
are
Perfect have been had been shall have been should have
has done done will done would been done
Как видно из таблицы, в страдательном залоге нет времен Perfect
Continuous, Future Continuous, Future Continuous in the Past.
Отрицательная и вопросительная формы страдательного залога
образуются по тем же правилам, что и соответствующе формы действительного
залога, а именно:
1) в отрицательной форме частица not ставится после первого
вспомогательного глагола - The bоok hаs not been written;
2) в вопросительной форме первый вспомогательный глагол ставится
перед подлежащим – Has the book been written?
Значение и употребление времен глагола в страдательном залоге такое
же, как и времен глагола в действительном залоге.
3.2. Значение и употребление страдательного залога
The Passive Voice устанавливает, что лица или предмет, обозначенные
подлежащим, являются объектами действия, выраженного сказуемым. В силу
своего значения пассивный залог может употребляться только с переходными
глаголами. Переходными называются глаголы (Тrаnsitive Verbs), которые
выражают действие, переходящее (непосредственно направленное) на какой-
либо предмет, лицо или явление. Они имеют при себе прямое дополнение,
соответствующее в русском языке дополнению в винительном падеже без
предлога, без которого значение самого глагола остается незавершенным.
Например: to tell (a story, the truth); to see (a dog, the sun); to show (a room, a
picture); to give (something, advice); to buy (things, goods) и т.п.
К непереходным относятся глаголы (Intransitive Verbs), выражающие
действие, которое не переходит непосредственно на предмет или лицо, которые
не могут иметь при себе прямое дополнение: to shine, to go, to walk, to sleep, to
remain, to live, to smile и т.д.
Многие английские глаголы могут использоваться как в переходном, так
и в непереходном значении без изменения формы. Такие глаголы
соответствуют в русском языке двум разным глаголам. Например:
He walked in the park every evening. - Он гулял по парку каждый вечер.
The parents walked him into his room. - Родители провели его в его
комнату.
He ran down the road towards the car.- Он бежал по дороге к машине.
We ran our boat into some quiet - Мы направили нашу лодку в
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you? хорошo?
Иногда just в начале повелительного предложения употребляется для
того, чтобы обратить особое внимание на что-либо:
Just look at him! - Вы только на него посмотрите!
Повелительное наклонение в 1-м и 3-м лице имеет значение побуждения;
формы его образуются при помощи глагола lеt и основы инфинитива
смыслового глагола. Лицо/лица, к которому обращено побуждение к действию,
в этом случае выражается личным местоимением в объектном падеже (реже -
существительным в общем падеже), которое ставится между lеt и основным
глаголом.
Let her go home at once. - Пусть она сейчас же идет домой.
Let me think. - Дай подумать.
В 1-м лице множественного числа вместо let us обычно употребляется
сокращение let’s:
Let’s go to the cinema. - Давай пойдем в кино.
Для придания подобной просьбе или приглашению более вежливого, но и
более настойчивого характера в 1-м лице употребляется краткий вопрос shall
we, который ставится в конце предложения:
Let’s go to the cinema, shall we? - Давай пойдем в кино, хорошо?
Отрицательная форма повелительного наклонения в 1-м и 3-м лице
образуется путем постановки dо nоt (dоn’t) перед let или при помощи not без
вспомогательного глагола do, которое ставится перед смысловым глаголом:
Don’t let us argue about it. = - Давайте не будем об этом
= Let us not argue about it. спорить.
41
TO BE
Exercise 1.
Choose the correct form of the verb to be.
We (am, is, are) happy.
1. Mary (am, is, are) busy.
2. They (am, is, are) hungry.
3. The students (am, is, are) in class.
4. You (am, is, are) from South America.
5. Mr. Lee and Mr. Wong (am, is, are) Chinese.
6. The teacher (am, is, are) busy.
7. Jane and John (am, is, are) sick today.
8. I (am, is, are) sleepy.
9. You and I (am, is, are) friends.
10.The girls (am, is, are) tired.
Exercise 2.
Write the correct form of the verb to be.
We are happy.
1. You _____tired now.
2. It _____ 10 a.m.
3. I _____fifteen years old.
4. Pedro _____ form Mexico.
5. Pedro _____ Mexican.
6. The watch _____ on the table.
7. John and I _____ students.
8. Pam _____ thirsty.
9. Mark _____ a student.
10.Paul and Mark _____ in class.
Exercise 3.
Write the correct form of the verb to be.
Are we happy?
1. _____ the boys sick?
2. _____ the pencil long?
3. _____ I wrong?
4. _____ you thirsty now?
5. _____ he cold?
6. _____ the grammar book green?
7. _____ Pat in class?
8. _____ Pat and Matt in class?
9. _____ the keys on the table?
10._____ you tired?
Exercise 4.
Correct the sentences.
42
PRESENT SIMPLE
Exercise 1.
Underline the correct form of the verb.
We (study, studies) in the library.
1. He (begin, begins) class at 8 o’clock.
2. They (drink, drinks) orange juice for breakfast.
3. You (have, has) two books and three pencils.
4. She (pronounce, pronounces) English well.
5. I (work, works) in writing class.
6. The bus (arrive, arrives) at 10.
7. The student (come, comes) late every morning.
8. Mary (eat, eats) soup for lunch.
9. Mary and Mark (leave, leaves) in the morning.
10.You and I (sing, sings) well.
11.The book (is, are) in the table.
12.The boys (go, goes) to school in the morning.
13.You and I (are, is) friends.
14.Mr. Lee (speak, speaks) Chinese.
15.The teacher (arrive, arrives) late every day.
Exercise 2.
Write the correct form of the verb.
(practice) He practices in the morning.
1. (arrive) I _________ late every day.
2. (begin) The students _________ their homework after dinner.
3. (come) Mary and Bill _________ to class at 8.
4. (drink) Mark _________ milk for lunch.
5. (eat) You _________ eggs and toasts for breakfast.
6. (have) Bill _________ three books for grammar class.
7. (leave) He _________ school at 3.30.
8. (pronounce) We _________ words in pronunciation class.
9. (sing) The girls _________ very well.
10.(work) The doctor _________ every day.
43
Exercise 3.
Circle the correct answer.
1. A lot of British people go/goes to the cinema.
2. They don’t smoke/doesn’t smoke in coffee bars.
3. We read/reads the newspaper on the train.
4. They doesn’t like/don’t like children in restaurants.
5. You live/lives in a house with a garden.
6. My father don’t/doesn’t cook.
7. In Britain, cars stop/stops at zebra crossings.
8. the women do/does the housework in my family.
9. My mother watch/watches a lot of TV.
10.Your children eat/eats a lot of chips.
Exercise 4.
Look at the chart and complete the YOU column.
Tom Susan You
drink tea no yes
eat curries yes no
watch TV in the evening yes yes
play the piano no no
Exercise 5.
Change the statements into questions.
We study English. Do we study English?
1. They sing well.
2. She comes late every evening.
3. They have a lot of books.
4. Paul has a new watch.
5. Mary arrives at 9 every morning.
6. He works for this company.
7. I drink ten cups of tea every day.
8. He usually watches horror films
9. They teach Spanish.
10.Bill eats a lot of apples.
44
Exercise 6.
Complete the questions with Do or Does.
1. Do you live in a flat?
2. _____ your parents work in an office?
3. _____ your sister have a dog?
4. _____ you speak Japanese?
5. _____ your mother drive a Mini?
6. _____ James play the piano?
7. _____ your father smoke?
8. _____ they have lunch at home?
9. _____ Ann do exercise at the weekend?
10._____ you go on holiday every year?
Exercise 7.
Order the words to make questions.
1. with / Do / live / your / you /mother – Do you live with your mother?
2. Where / have/ does / lunch / Kate - ____________________ ?
3. go / do / to / cinema / When / you / the - ____________________ ?
4. listen /you/ in/ the/ the/ Do/ to / radio/morning -____________________ ?
5. they / Where / football / do / play - ____________________ ?
6. she / Does / French / study - ____________________ ?
7. brother / the / work / his / Does / city / in / centre- ____________________?
8. friends / When / do / play / your / tennis - ____________________ ?
9. have / do / When / lunch / you - ____________________ ?
10.work / in / office / Do / an / they - ____________________ ?
Exercise 8.
Underline the correct form.
Mary ( usually comes, comes usually) to classes.
1. Mark (never is, is never) sad.
2. They (always eat, eat always) in the kitchen.
3. We (never study, study never) in the morning.
4. He (sometimes is, is sometimes) late.
5. Maria (seldom drinks, drinks seldom) coffee.
6. You (always arrive, arrive always) late for lunch.
7. My teacher (always is, is always) correct.
8. We (seldom speak, speak seldom) Spanish in class.
9. You and I (never go, go never) to the bookstore.
10.They (seldom are, are seldom) hungry at night.
Exercise 9.
Write the correct adverb of frequency.
1. Always – all of the time.
2. ______ - most of the time.
45
Exercise 10.
Write a new sentence. Use a word like always for the group of words that expresses
the same idea.
Mary is tired some of the time. Mary is sometimes tired.
1. The class is at 8 all of the time.
2. The letters are almost never long.
3. He is hungry most of the time.
4. We are almost never at home in the morning.
5. Bill is not absent at any time.
6. They almost never in class.
7. I’m busy all of the time.
8. Marry is happy much of the time.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Exercise 1.
Write the verbs in the present continuous tense.
(read) Mary is reading now.
1. (study) She _________ English now.
2. (teach) Mr. Miller _________ Spanish now.
3. (write) I _________ a letter right now.
4. (watch) We _________ TV now.
5. (eat) They _________ hamburgers now.
6. (use) I _________ his computer at the moment.
7. (walk) John _________ home now.
8. (build) They _________ a new house this year.
9. (cry) Listen! Somebody _________.
10. (rain) Look! It _________.
Exercise 2.
Write the expression in the present continuous tense. Put an X by the verbs that
cannot be changed.
I eat I am eating
You go You are going
I know X
5. he likes _________
6. you walk _________
7. they want _________
8. we need _________
9. we write _________
10. we hear _________
11.they understand __________
12.we believe _________
13.I drink __________
14.he has _________
15.she teaches _________.
Exercise 3.
Read the sentence and write the verb in the correct tense.
(read) He is reading a book now.
(read) He reads every day.
1. (have) They _________ lunch now.
2. (like) Mary _________ her new dress.
3. (have) We _________ a new house now.
4. (be) I _________ very sick today.
5. (understand) I _________ you now.
6. (write) She _________ a letter now.
7. (watch) They _________ TV now.
8. (go) He _________ to the cinema at the moment.
9. (use) He _________ my pen now.
10.(listen) I _________ to the radio now.
Exercise 4.
Complete the dialogue.
A What are you doing (you/do), Granny?
B I _________(look) at the neighbours.
A What _________ (they/do)? __________ (Mrs. Smith/watch TV)?
B No, she _________ (move) the furniture.
A And _________ (Mr. Smith/play) the piano?
B Yes, he is. Oh look! Some people _________ (arrive). I think they want to have a
party. Mr. Smith _________ (open) the door.
Exercise 5.
Put the verbs in brackets in the present continuous.
- Hello!
- Oh, hi Dad! Where are you?
- I’m in my hotel. I’m having a drink in the bar. It _________ a lot here. (rain) Is
Mum there?
- Yes, but she _________ to somebody on the mobile just now. (talk)
- Oh. What _____ you _____?(do)
47
Exercise 6.
Correct sentences if they are wrong.
It rains at the moment. It is raining at the moment.
1. Listen! The baby is crying.
2. My neighbours often argue.
3. John is on holiday. He has a great time.
4. My brother stays with us at the moment.
5. I am normally going to the gym after work.
6. Where are you going? – To the shops.
7. What are you doing? – I am a teacher.
8. He is usually being late.
9. Mary never studies hard
10. John talks to Kevin right now.
Exercise 7.
Underline the correct form
1. What do you do/ What are you doing here? – I’m waiting for a friend.
2. Do you walk/ Are you walking to work every day?
3. Jane isn’t here. She buys/’s buying a present for her daughter.
4. I go/ ‘m going to work now. See you later.
5. It rains/ ‘s raining a lot in this part of the country.
6. Where’s Laura? - She’s on the phone. She talks/ ‘s talking to Paul.
7. Does your baby cry/ Is your baby crying at night?
8. My husband watches/ ‘s watching football three times a week.
Exercise 8.
Put the verbs in brackets in the present simple or continuous.
Where are you going? (go) – To play football!
1. Hi, Sarah! What _____ you _____ here? (do) – I _____ for my boyfriend.
(wait)
2. What _____ your mother _____? (do) – She’s a nurse. She _____ at the local
hospital.
3. Listen! They _____ a party upstairs again. (have) They _____ a party at least
once a month!
4. I _____ to the supermarket. (go) _____ you _____ anything? (want)
48
Exercise 9.
Complete the sentences. Use the present continuous or present simple.
1. What time does he start (he/start)work every day?
2. David is in the bathroom. He _________ (have) a shower.
3. Where is Sally? – She _________ (do) her homework.
4. Peter and Clare _________ (not/like) their neighbours.
5. My parents _________ (look) for a new house at the moment.
6. Lisa usually _________ (cook) the dinner during the week.
7. I _________ (watch) a programme on TV. Can you phone me later?
8. My husband _________ (go) to bed very late – usually at midnight.
9. We _________ (not/want) to drive to Scotland. It’s 500 km!
10.Where _________ (you/go)?- To the bank - see you later.
Exercise 10.
Complete the dialogues with the verbs in the present continuous (note: in this
exercise the present continuous is used for future arrangements)
- _____ you _____ anything on Friday night?
- Yes, I __________ dinner with some friends and then we _________ to the
cinema.
- What about Saturday?
- I’m busy, I’m afraid. I _________ Jack at 6.00 and we _________ tennis from
7.00 to 9.00
PRESENT PERFECT
Exercise 1.
Write the correct form of the verbs. Use the present perfect tense.
1. Bob and Jane are old friends. They (know) _____ each other for a long time.
2. I don’t like this weather. It (be cold and windy for the last three days).
3. Paul (learn) _____ a lot since he came here.
4. She can go to bed now, she (finish) _____ her homework.
5. My brother is at home in bed. He (be) _____ sick for a week.
6. I (not/write) _____ to my sister for a long time.
7. We (meet) ____ never _____ famous people.
8. He (visit) _____ never _____ England.
9. We (not, hear) _____ from them lately.
10.My little cousin already _____(learn) to read.
49
Exercise 2.
Complete the dialogue.
A Have you ever been to the USA?
B No, _____ , but my wife has.
A Where_____ she been to in the USA?
B Only New York.
A Has she _____ to Canada?
B No, she _____. But we'd like to go there for a holiday.
A And _____ you been to Australia?
B No, _____ . Have you _____?
A Yes, I've been to Sydney and Canberra.
Exercise 3.
Write sentences with already or yet in the correct place.
1. I’ve washed the floor. I’ve already washed the floor.
2. Have you seen this film? yet
3. Daniel has made his bed. already
4. My parents haven’t learnt to use the Internet. yet
5. You’ve made a mistake. already
6. We’ve been to New York. already
7. Has the film started? yet
8. Edward has found a new job. already
Exercise 4.
Answer the questions.
1. Have you ever pretended to be ill to get off university or school?
2. Have you ever cheated in an exam?
3. Have you ever ridden a camel or an elephant?
4. Have you ever read your brother’s, sister’s or friend/s letters?
5. Have you ever travelled without a ticket on public transport?
6. Have you ever told lies or invented stories about yourself to impress other
people?
7. Have you ever visited foreign countries?
8. Have you ever won money in a lottery?
9. Have you ever found any money in the street?
10.Have you answered all the questions honestly?
Exercise 5.
a. Write past participles of these irregular verbs.
infinitive Past simple Past
participle
Break broke broken
buy bought
drive drove
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find found
give gave
lose lost
make made
run ran
write wrote
Exercise 6.
Underline the correct form.
1. I didn’t meet/ have never met anyone nice at the party.
2. Miko went / has been to the cinema last weekend.
3. Did you read / Have you read any books by John Irving?
4. Lucy's a journalist. She met / has met a lot of interesting people.
5. They started / have started to watch the film, but they fell asleep before the
end.
6. We didn't see / haven't seen the film yesterday because the cinema was full.
7. I didn't read / haven't read any Terry Pratchett books. I don't like science
fiction.
8. Did you go / Have you been to that new restaurant in the city centre last
Saturday?
Exercise 7.
Complete the dialogues with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
A Have you read (read) any of the Harry Potter books?
B Yes, I have. My brother __________(give) them to me for my last birthday.
A Which one __________ you (like) best?
B The first one. I __________ (read) it five times.
A __________ you (see) the new Almodovar film?
B Yes, I have. I__________ (take) my boyfriend to see it last night.
A __________ (be) it good?
B No, I __________(not / enjoy) it.
Exercise 8.
Circle the correct verb forms in this letter.
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I knew/ have known Teresa for ages, almost since we were/have been born. We
met/have met at the same nursery school when we were/have been only four years
old and we were/have been friends since then. We went/have been at the same class
at secondary school, and now we are at the same university.
At least we do not study the same subjects. She is doing Geography and I
chose/have chosen History. But I have always wanted to be a teacher, and yesterday
Teresa told/has told me that she wants to do the same thing!
We have been/were together for a long time, and we shared/ have shared a lot
of great experiences – maybe teaching together will be next!
Exercise 9.
Interview your partner beginning your questions with ‘Have you ever…?’. Use the
phrases below.
1. sit on a cactus
2. meet a famous person
3. win a lot of money
4. spend the whole day doing nothing
5. build sand castles
6. fly in a private plane
7. visit the Hawaii
8. sleep in a tent
9. catch a fish
10. lose the key.
Exercise 1.
Complete these sentences using you own ideas.
1. Little Mike is dirty as he _______________.
2. The sportsman is breathing hard, he ________________.
3. He can’t speak English, though he _______________.
4. Julia looks tired as _______________.
5. They are silent because ________________.
Exercise 2.
Write the present perfect continuous tense of the verbs in brackets.
1. She (study) English for two years. _____
2. We (live) in this house since last March. _____
3. I (try) to reach you by phone for the last hour. _____
4. He (drive) that same old car for at least ten years. _____
5. He (sit) on the bench for several hours. _____
6. Rose (work) on that same problem for several days. _____
7. He (work) in that office since I first met him. _____
8. They (talk) on the phone for over an hour. _____
9. She (study) music since she was a child. _____
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Exercise 3.
Read the first sentence. Change the verb from the first sentence to Present Perfect
Continuous tense in the second sentence.
She is studying grammar now. She has been studying grammar for an hour.
The boys are playing tennis right now. They have been playing since noon.
1. Joe is reading a book now. He _______________ a book since last week.
2. We are eating lunch. We _______________ lunch since noon.
3. Our class is studying the history of Greece. Our class _______________ the
history of Greece for two weeks.
4. That cat is making a lot of noise. That cat _______________ a lot of noise for
more than an hour.
5. Mike and Sue are writing letters. They ________________ letters every day
this week.
6. Jane is talking to her mother. Jane _______________ to her mother for a long
time now.
7. We aren’t studying now. We _______________ this semester.
8. My television is working very well. It _______________ very well since I
bought it.
9. The water is boiling. The water _______________ for almost five minutes.
10.Somebody is knocking on the door. Somebody _______________ on the door
for two minutes.
PRESENT TENSES
Exercise 1.
Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous.
Tim Bryant, a magazine journalist, is interviewing Margaret Rodwell, the founder of
a successful company.
ТВ: So why do you think your company has been (be) so successful?
MR: Well, our products _________ (fill) a large gap in the market and I think one of
the most important things is that we _________ (always /listen) to our clients and we
_________ (act) on their comments and suggestions.
ТВ: And what's a typical day for you?
MR: Well, take today for example. I _________ (interview) candidates for a
marketing executive post.
ТВ: And how many _________ (you/interview)?
MR: Er, I _________ (interview) four so far. And I _________ (talk) to clients on the
phone on and off all day. I seem to spend a lot of time on the phone. I _________
(discuss) some new ideas with them for the transportation and delivery of our
products.
ТВ: Mm, it sounds like a very busy day.
MR: Oh, that's only part of it. I _________ (have) two meetings, one with Union
representatives and one with departmental heads. And I _________ (also/work) on a
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Exercise 2.
Write the sentences below, putting the verbs into the Present Simple, Present
Continuous, Present Perfect, and Present Perfect Continuous.
He is running (run) now. He has been running (run) for ten minutes without any rest.
1. What they ____________ (do) now? — They ____________ (work) in the
reading-room. They ____________ (work) there for already three hours.
2. Where he ____________ (be) now? — He ____________ (be) in the garden.
He ____________ (play) volley-ball with his friends. They ____________
(play) since breakfast time.
3. I ____________ (live) in St. Petersburg. I ____________ (live) in St.
Petersburg since 1990.
4. She already ____________ (do) her homework for two hours; but she
____________ (not yet /do) half of it.
5. I ____________ (wait) for you since two o'clock.
6. What you ____________ (do)? — I ____________ (read). I ____________
(read) for already two hours. I already ____________ (read) sixty pages.
7. This man ____________ (be) a writer. He ____________ (write) books. He
____________ (write) books since he was a young man. He already
____________ (write) eight books.
8. What you ____________ (do) here since morning?
9. Lena is a very good girl. She always ____________ (help) her mother about
the house. Today she ____________ (help) her mother since morning.
10.They already ____________ (wash) the floor and ____________ (dust) the
furniture. Now they ____________ (cook) dinner together.
11.This is the factory where my father ____________ (work). He ____________
(work) here for fifteen years.
12.You ____________ (find) your note-book? — No! I still ____________ (look)
for it. I already ____________ (look) for it for two hours, but ____________
(not yet /find) it.
13.You ____________ (play) with a ball for already three hours. Go home and do
your homework. Wake up! You ____________ (sleep) for ten hours already.
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14.I ____________ (wait) for a letter from my cousin for a month already, but
____________ (not yet /receive) it. It is difficult for me to speak about this
opera as I ____________ (not /hear) it.
15.I just ____________ (receive) a letter from my granny, but I ____________
(not yet/ receive) any letters from my parents.
16.The weather ____________ (be) fine today. The sun ____________ (shine)
ever since we got up.
17.Every day I ____________ (wind) up my watch at 10 o'clock in the evening.
18.Come along, Henry, what you ____________ (do) now? – I ____________
(wait) for you a long time.
19.Where your gloves ____________ (be)? — I ____________ (put) them into
my pocket.
PAST SIMPLE
Exercise 1.
Write the forms of the verb to be in the past.
1. I _____ a student in 1970.
2. You _____ in class yesterday.
3. He _____ here last night.
4. She _____ sick last week.
5. It _____ cold yesterday.
6. We _____ students two years ago.
7. They _____ at home last night.
Exercise 2.
Complete the sentences with was, were, wasn’t, weren’t.
A Who’s that?
B It’s William Shakespeare.
A Why _____ he famous?
B He _____ a writer.
A _____ he Scottish?
B No, He _____. He _____ English. He _____ born in Stratford-upon-Avon.
A And _____ he married?
B Yes, he _____. His wife/s name _____ Anne.
A And _____ they happy?
B I don’t know.
Exercise 3.
Complete with present or past form of be
1. Today ___ Monday, so yesterday ___ Sunday.
2. Hi! ___ your sister at home? - No, she ___. She ___ here this morning, but
now she ___ at work.
3. My books ___ here on my desk this morning. Where ___ they now?
4. James ___ born in England, but his parents ___ born in the USA.
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5. My boss ___ angry today because I ___ very late for work yesterday, and this
morning too.
Exercise 4.
Make these sentences negative and interrogative (Past Simple).
Jane went to London.
Jane didn’t go to London. Did Jane go to London?
1. I found something in my pocket.
__________________________
2. Vince was ill yesterday.
__________________________
3. Terry forgot his homework.
__________________________
4. I could do the homework easily.
__________________________
5. I had a salad for lunch.
__________________________
6. We were late for the train.
__________________________
7. Casey and Terry went to the cinema.
__________________________
8. He put his passport in his pocket.
__________________________
9. Vince broke his watch.
__________________________
10.We went to the cinema yesterday.
__________________________
Exercise 5 .
Here is some information about Buddy Holly. Complete the sentences with the verbs
in brackets.
Buddy Holly was (be) a famous British singer.
1. Buddy Holly _________ (play) with a group called the Crickets.
2. The first Crickets _________ (be) his school friends.
3. They _________ (play) for a local radio station.
4. They _________ (make) their first record in Nashville, Tennessee.
5. Buddy Holly _________ (ride) a motorbike.
6. In November 1958 he _________ (leave) the Crickets.
7. He _________ (meet) his wife in New York.
8. She _________ (work) at a recording studio.
9. Buddy _________ (marry) Maria Elena in Lubbock.
10.They _________ (die) in the plane crash.
Exercise 6.
Complete the sentences with a verb, first in the positive and then in the negative.
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Exercise 7.
Complete the questions and answers.
1975 1985 2001 1969 1925 1945
1. When/Wall Street Crash/happen – When did the Wall Street Crash happen?- It
happened in 1929.
2. When/the Second World War/finish - ________________________________?
It finished in _____.
3. When/Neil Armstrong/land/on the moon -
_____________________________? He landed on the moon in _____.
4. When/mobile phones/first/appear - ______________________________?
They first appeared in _____.
5. When/John Logie Baird/invent the television -
_______________________________? He invented the television in _____.
6. When/George Harrison/die - ____________________________? He died in
_____.
7. When/Bill Gates/start Microsoft - ___________________________? He
started Microsoft in _____.
Exercise 8.
Write sentences in the past.
1. Robert wears a tie to work. (yesterday) – Robert wore a tie to work yesterday.
2. They do their homework together. (last night) ____________________ .
3. Helen doesn’t go to the shops. (last week) ____________________ .
4. We meet in the bar. (last night) ____________________ .
5. We don’t have dinner at home. (yesterday) ____________________ .
6. Jane gets up early. (yesterday morning) ____________________ .
7. He buys a newspaper at the station. (yesterday) ____________________ .
8. I leave home at 7.00 (yesterday morning) ____________________.
9. She sees her friends after work. (last night) ____________________ .
10. Bob can’t come to dinner. (last week) ____________________ .
Exercise 9.
Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs.
argue rent have not drive fly be get
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know married
Best Holiday.
Ten years ago, I went to the United States with my partner. We _____ to San
Francisco, _____ a car, and then _____ to Arizona to visit the Grand Canyon, and
then Las Vegas and Los Angeles. We_____ a fantastic time! We _____ each other
very well at the time, but we got on very well. We _____ together for 24 hours a day
for ten days, but we only _____ once – when we got lost! We _____ after that, and
still together!
Exercise 10.
Interview your partner using phrases below.
Did you clean your teeth yesterday? – Yes, I did. As usual, I cleaned my teeth
yesterday.
1. listen to music
2. go to the cinema
3. get an e-mail
4. vacuum your room
5. do morning exercises
6. get up early
7. water the flowers
8. eat some chocolate
9. have your hair cut
10.have a date
11.cook something delicious
12.have a shower
13.call your best friend
14.watch TV
15.buy something nice for yourself
Exercise 11.
Read the police report. Complete the sentences with the past simple form of the verbs in the box.
be (x2) arrive leave not want see can’t
go not run look open find take
Exercise 12.
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PAST CONTINUOUS
Exercise 1.
Write the past continuous form of the verbs in brackets.
1. I (sleep) _________ when you phoned.
2. We (sit) _________ in the park when it began to rain
3. The sun (shine) _________ brightly when I got up this morning.
4. I (walk) _________ down Broadway when I met him.
5. We (have) _________ lunch when she called.
6. Bruce (study) _________ when I went to see him last night.
7. He fell while he (play) _________ in the park.
8. They (drive) _________ to Chicago when the accident happened.
9. The teacher (write) _________ on the board when we entered the classroom.
10.She fell while she (get) _________ off the bus.
11.My mother (prepare) _________ dinner when I got home.
12.I (have) _________ lunch when I first felt sick.
13.It (rain) _________ hard when I left home.
14.But when I arrived at school, the sun (shine) _________ .
15.Molly (talk) with Jack when I passed them in the hall.
Exercise 2.
Complete the sentences. Use the past continuous.
1. I was sleeping (sleep) on my friend’s sofa when his mother came in.
2. What __________ (you/talk) about when I came in?
3. He didn’t call you because his mobile phone __________ (not/work).
4. They __________ (live) in Sydney when their first child was born.
5. I’m sorry, __________ (you/watch) that programme?
6. We __________ (walk) along the beach when we saw a snake.
7. She __________ (not/drive) when the car hit the tree. I was.
8. It __________ (snow) when they arrived in New York.
Exercise 3.
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Write sentences with when. Use the past simple and past continuous.
1. They/play tennis/start/rain. They were playing tennis when it started to rain.
2. He/break/his leg/ski. _________________________.
3. The boys/fight/their father/come home. _________________________.
4. A dog/eat/my sandwich/I/sleep/in the park.________________________.
5. We/study/in the library/the fire/start._________________________.
Exercise 4.
Write the correct form of the verb in the past simple or the past continuous for each
sentence below.
1. I (sleep) well last night. slept
2. I (sleep) when the fire started. _____
3. When I got up this morning, the wind (blow) hard. _____
4. It (rain) hard last night. _____
5. It (rain) cats and dogs when I left home. _____
6. The child fell while she (play) in the park. _____
7. We (have) dinner when she came. _____
8. I (read) two new books last week. _____
9. When we got there, Keith (read) the newspaper. _____
10.I (write) several letters last night. _____
11.I (write) a letter when you called me. _____
12.The sun (shine) brightly when I got up this morning. _____
13.Mr. Ryan (drive) to Chicago in his new car. _____
14.The accident happened while he (drive) to Chicago._____
15.The boys (play) baseball all afternoon yesterday. _____
16.We (see) Josie at the movie theater last night. _____
17.We met him just as he (leave) school._____
18.We (wait) an hour for you after class yesterday. _____
19.I broke the plate while I (wash) it. _____
20.While we (wait) for a taxi, Martha came along and took us home. _____
Exercise 5.
Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Last summer I went (go) to Los Angeles to stay with my cousin for a few weeks.
One afternoon we _____ (have) lunch in a nice restaurant in the centre of town when
my cousin _____ (get) a call on her mobile phone and _____ (go) outside to talk.
While she _____ (speak) to her friend, I suddenly _____ (notice) a man in a black hat
who _____ (sit) at the next table. It was the actor Johnny Depp! He was alone, and I
_____ (decide) to take my chance. So I _____ (get up) and _____ (go) to his table.
‘Excuse me, could I have my photo taken with you?’ I asked. He _____ (say) yes, so
I _____ (stop) a waitress who _____ (pass) by and _____ (give) her my camera. She
_____ (take) the photo of me and Johnny, I _____ (thank) them both, and then I
_____ (return) to my table. When my cousin _____ (come) back, I _____ (smile).
‘Why are you looking so pleased with yourself?’ she asked. ‘I had my photo taken
with Johnny Depp’. ‘Johnny Depp? Where is he?’ she asked. ‘He’s sitting over there.
60
Look!’ She _____ (turn) around to look and then _____ (start) to laugh. ‘That’s not
Johnny Depp!’ I _____ (look) at the man in the black hat – he _____ (laugh) too.
Exercise 6.
Put the verbs in the brackets into the Past Continuous.
He was writing (write) a letter.
1. I __________ (walk) along the street.
2. A man __________ (rob) a shop.
3. We __________ (come) home from school.
4. Vince and Terry __________ (play) football.
5. Sue __________ (wash) her hair.
6. I __________ (have) bath.
7. It __________(rain).
8. You __________ (wait) for a bus.
9. The woman in a coat__________ (take) the dog for a walk.
10.The two policemen __________ (cross) the street.
Exercise 7.
Disagree with the statement and ask questions (Past Continuous).
They were baking a cake.
They were not baking a cake. Were they baking a cake?
1. Terry was writing a letter at 6 o’clock.
__________________________
2. It was raining when we returned home.
__________________________
3. The wind was blowing from the west.
__________________________
4. We were sitting on the grass when they came up to us.
__________________________
5. They were playing football from 2 till 4 o’clock.
__________________________
6. It was snowing the whole day yesterday.
__________________________
7. The boys were fighting when we came up to them.
__________________________
8. Ann was waiting for Nick when we saw her.
__________________________
9. The rain was beating against the window when I shut the door.
__________________________
10.The trams were running along the street when we saw a child.
__________________________
Exercise 8.
Put the verbs in the brackets in the Past Simple or Past Continuous.
While I was flying (fly) to Spain, I talked (talk) to the pilot.
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PAST PERFECT
Exercise 1.
Write the verb forms that are not given.
Go Went Gone
Say Said Said
1. Read _____ _____
2. ______ _____ Slept
3. ______ Chose _____
4. ______ Left _____
5. Lend _____ _____
6. Speak _____ _____
7. Build _____ _____
8. Know _____ _____
9. ______ Sang _____
10. ______ _____ Flown
11. ______ _____ Made
12. ______ Understood _____
13. Give _____ _____
14. Come _____ _____
15. Fall _____ _____
16. ______ Met _____
17. ______ _____ Lost
18. Cost _____ _____
19. Drink _____ _____
20. ______ Took _____
21. ______ Cut _____
22. Begin _____ _____
23. ______ _____ Written
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Exercise 2.
Use the past perfect in the sentences below.
1. The builders _________ (finish) the work by the end of the day.
2. The train _________ (leave) by the time we reached the station.
3. She _________ (type) the text and was looking through files.
4. When the postman came, I _________ (not, finish) my lunch yet.
5. Mother _________ (cook) dinner and was watching TV.
6. The policeman asked me if I _________ (see) the accident.
7. The rain _________ (stop) and the sun was shining.
8. He explained that he couldn’t pay as he _________ (spend) all his money.
9. The teacher asked if we _________ (understand) everything.
10.The work was much difficult than we _________ (expect).
Exercise 3.
Make these two sentences into one according to the example.
Example: Helen finished the work. Then she went out. – Helen went out after she had
finished her work.
1. Mother did all the housework. Then she sat down.
2. The bell rang. Then the students entered the classroom.
3. Sally spent all her money. Then she left the shop.
4. The clock struck nine. Then Jack woke up.
5. Andrew saved some money. Then he got married.
6. He lost all his money. Then he stopped playing cards.
7. He read the newspaper. Then he went to bed.
8. The sun set. The farmers stopped working.
9. We answered all the questions. Then we left the examination room.
10.We discussed the programme. Then they left.
Exercise 4.
Complete the sentences with the past perfect form of the verbs in brackets.
1. My plants were dead because my neighbour _________ (not, water) them.
2. I couldn’t get into my flat because I _________ (forget) my key.
3. The teacher was angry because we _________ (not do) our homework.
4. The man lent me his newspaper after he _________ (read) it.
5. They got to the cinema after the film _________ (start).
Exercise 5.
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Exercise 6.
Match the two part of the sentences.
1. When the police stopped her, she realized _____
2. When James got back to his room, he saw that someone _____
3. Paula was surprised to see Oliver because nobody _____
4. While Pattie was looking for her old tennis racket she _____
5. Bill didn’t know what to do because it _____
6. Liz didn’t come with us to the restaurant because _____
7. We weren’t allowed in because _____
8. The restaurant was full, but luckily _____
Exercise 7.
Write the verb (work) in Past Perfect tense.
(work) Before I started to work here, I had worked in Miami.
1. You got more money because you ____________ many extra hours.
2. He was tired at noon because he ____________ all morning.
3. Before Ann went to college she ____________ in a grocery store.
4. John told me that his old stereo ____________ perfectly at his party.
5. I didn’t meet the man that they ____________ with.
Exercise 8.
Underline the correct tense – Past Simple or Past Perfect.
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John (did, had done) well on the test because he (studied, had studied) very hard.
1. We (worked, had worked) for two hours before John (called, had called).
2. John (called, had called) after we (worked, had worked) for two hours.
3. My friend (arrived, had arrived) late because he (had, had had) problems with
his car.
4. I (lived, had lived) in New York before I (moved, had moved) here.
5. Because George (saved, had saved) his money, he (was, had been) able to go to
South America.
6. The telephone (was, had been) ringing for two minutes before I (answered, had
answered) it.
7. The new student (understood, had understood) the lesson yesterday because the
teacher (explained, had explained) it to him two days ago.
8. Because it (was, had been) raining very hard all night, we (weren’t, hadn’t
been) able to go on our trip today.
9. Peter (said, had said) that his vacation (was, had been) very bad.
10.James (knew, had known) the answer because he (was, had been) studying.
PAST TENSES
Exercise 1.
Write the sentences below, putting the verbs into the Past Simple, Past Continuous
and Past Perfect.
By eight o'clock yesterday I had done (do) my homework and at eight I was playing
(play) the piano.
1. By six o'clock father _________ (come) home and at six he _________ (have)
dinner.
2. By nine o'clock yesterday grandmother _________ (wash) the dishes and at
nine she _________ (watch) TV.
3. When I _________ (meet) Tom, he _________ (eat) an ice-cream which he
_________ (buy) at the corner of the street.
4. When I _________ (come) home, my sister _________ (read) a book which
she _________ (bring) from the library.
5. When mother _________ (come) home, the children _________ (eat) the soup
which she _________ (cook) in the morning.
6. When I _________ (ring) up Mike, he still _________ (learn) the poem which
he _________ (begin) learning at school.
7. When I _________ (look) out of the window, the children _________ (play)
with a ball which Pete _________ (bring) from home.
8. By ten o'clock the children (settle) comfortably on the sofa and at ten they
_________ (watch) a TV film.
9. When father _________ (come) home, we _________ (cook) the mushrooms
which we _________ (gather) in the wood.
10.When I _________ (see) Ann, she _________ (sort) the flowers which she
_________ (pick) in the field.
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Exercise 2.
Supply the correct verb form.( Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect)
When I arrived (arrive) at the party, everybody was dancing (dance).
1. They were good friends. They _________ (know) each other for a long time.
2. While they _________ (start) work, they _________ (hear) a thunderstorm.
3. After the referee _________ (whistle) the players _________ (begin) playing.
4. He _________ (stand) in a queue when the robbers _________ (rush) in.
5. Before he _________ (polish) his shoes he _________ (clean) them thoroughly.
6. While the teacher _________ (dictate) the questions, the principal _________
(open) the class door.
7. After the orchestra _________ (finish) the concert, they _________ (get) a
standing ovation.
8. _________ (she/look) at you when I _________ (phone)?
9. There _________ (be) an accident before we _________ (get) there.
10.He _________ (weed) in the garden all day yesterday.
11.She _________ (press) while I _________ (sew).
12.His letter _________ (come) a few minutes after you _________ (leave).
13.Before we _________ (play) in the playground we _________ (do) our
homework.
14.When my sister _________ (call) _________ (do) my chores.
15.He _________ (rest) all day yesterday.
16.The mountaineers _________ (sleep) in the tent when their guide _________
(get) back.
17.The shepherd _________ (watch) the sheep when a wolf _________ (turn up).
18.The maid _________ (burst) into tears after she _________ (hear) bad news.
19.After the visitors _________ (eat) lunch, they _________ (get) ready to
start
20.travelling.
21.All the journalists _________ (read) newspapers when I _________ (enter).
22.She _________ (walk) along the bank when they _________ (see) her.
23.I _________ (can/ not) open the door because I _________ (forget) the keys.
24.By the time I _________ (meet) him he _________ (already/ finish) his
studies.
FUTURE SIMPLE
Exercise 1.
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Exercise 2.
Choose the correct helping verb.
We shall/will go swimming tomorrow.
1. I shall/will get up at 7 o’clock tomorrow.
2. The mechanic shall/will be back from town in the afternoon.
3. It shall/will rain at night.
4. I shall/will be in the 10th form next year.
5. All of us shall/will go to the theatre.
6. Pupils shall/will have holidays next month.
7. Shall/Will the doctor come to the farm?
8. Shall/Will our parents watch TV?
9. The driver shall/will take the boys.
10.We shall/will go to the cinema.
Exercise 3.
Disagree with the statement and ask questions.
He will read a book. Will he read a book? – He won’t read a book.
1. We shall have the meeting tomorrow.
2. The nurse will come at 2 o’clock.
3. Ann will sing an English song.
4. They will speak only Spanish at their Spanish lessons.
5. We shall be back at 5 o’clock.
6. The workers will finish this house next Friday.
7. The boys will go there by lorry.
8. We shall be late for the bus.
9. The girls will wear white dresses.
10.We shall travel next summer.
Exercise 4.
Write these sentences, putting the verbs into the Future Simple.
I'm sure he (not be) late. I'm sure he won't be late.
(I /open) the window for you? Shall I open the window for you?
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FUTURE CONTINUOUS
Exercise 1.
Write the verbs below as Future Continuous or Future Simple.
I (see) them tomorrow. – I (tell) them what you said.
I’ll be seeing them tomorrow. – I’ll tell them what you said.
1. ____________ (you /work) all tomorrow evening?
2. She ____________ (stay) in Leeds all weekend.
3. She ____________ (visit) our office next week. – I ___________ (ask) her
then.
4. I ____________ (see) the sales manager at the marketing meeting on Monday
and I'm sure she ____________ (give) me the figures then.
5. I ____________ (not be able) to lend you the car. – I _________ (use) it all
night.
6. Next year they ___________ (live) in Spain.
7. This time next week we ____________ (sit) on the beach.
8. The children ____________ (stay) with their grandparents for the summer
holidays.
9. At four o'clock on Tuesday afternoon we ____________ (fly) over Paris.
10.What ____________ (you do) early on Monday night?
11.They____________ (come) round for dinner tomorrow evening. – I
____________ (show) them the photographs then.
12. We ____________ (not hear) from him for some time. – He ____________
(be) in Panama.
FUTURE PERFECT
Exercise 1.
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FUTURE TENSES
Exercise 1.
Write the verbs below in the Future Simple, Future Continuous or Future Perfect.
I’ll do (do) my homework tomorrow. I’ll be doing (do) my homework at six o'clock
tomorrow. I’ll have done (do) my homework by six o'clock tomorrow.
1. When I come home tomorrow, my family _________ (have) supper.
2. When you come to my place tomorrow, I _________ (read) your book.
3. I _________ (do) my homework by the time you come.
4. Don't come to my place tomorrow. I _________ (write) a composition the
whole evening.
5. I _________ (not/ go) to the cinema tomorrow. I _________ (watch) TV the
whole evening.
6. What you _________ (do) tomorrow?
7. What you _________ (do) at eight o'clock tomorrow?
8. You _________ (play) volley-ball tomorrow?
9. You _________ (do) this work by next Sunday?
10.When you _________ (go) to see your friend next time?
11.How many pages you _________ (read) by five o'clock tomorrow?
12.Tomorrow I _________ (begin) doing my homework as soon as I come from
school. I _________ (do) my homework from three till six.
13.My father _________ (come) home at seven o'clock tomorrow. I _________
(do) all my homework by the time he comes, and we _________ (go) for a
walk together.
Exercise 2.
Write the verbs below in the Future Perfect or Future Perfect Continuous.
They'll probably be hungry because they won’t have eaten. (not/eat)
1. I'll be tired tonight because __________ all day. (work)
2. I _________ the entire committee by the time I leave England. (meet)
3. I _________ for seven years when I get my degree.(study)
4. We _________ here for six months by the time they find us a new flat. (live)
5. I _________ for forty-five years by 2005. (work)
6. They _________ in the cold for six hours by the time we pick them up. (stand)
7. Another million people _________ unemployed by this time next year.
(become)
8. She _________ Prime Minister for ten years by next year. (be)
9. They _________ for five hours by eight o'clock. (play)
10. We _________ for two days by the time we get there. (drive)
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11.They _________ for twenty-four hours by twelve o'clock tomorrow. (not eat)
12.She _________ a member of the committee for twenty-five years by the time
she retires. (be)
Exercise 3.
Write the following sentences in the correct form (Present Simple, Future
Continuous, Future Perfect or Future Perfect Continuous).
Next November we’ll have been married for fifteen years. (be)
1. What time ____________ (train/leave)
2. Just think! This time next week we ____________ on the beach! (lie)
3. I ____________ at the airport when your plane lands. (wait)
4. In two weeks' time she ____________ her exams. (finish)
5. ____________ Brian at the meeting? (you/see)
6. At ten o'clock I ____________ for sixteen hours. (drive)
7. Hurry up! The lecture ____________ in five minutes. (start)
8. By the end of the week we ____________ ten applicants for the job.
(interview)
9. Next time I write to you, I____________ in Australia. (live)
Exercise 1.
Choose between the simple and continuous aspects in the following sentences.
'Where's Stella?' - 'She is playing (play) tennis in the park.' (present)
1. They _________ (go) abroad three times last year. (past)
2. I _________ (see) you outside the cinema at eight o'clock. (future)
3. The telephone _________ (ring) but I _________ (watch) my favorite program
so I _________ (not answer) it. (past)
4. Simon _________ (work) really hard for his exams next month. (present)
5. He _________ (live) away from home when he starts college. (future)
6. Cats _________ (not like) water. (present)
7. I _________ (not understand) what she _________ (mean) at first, but then she
_________ (explain) more clearly. (past)
8. I think I _________ (make) a cup of tea. (future)
9. The bottle _________ (roll) off the table and _________ (smash) when it
_________ (hit) the floor. (past)
10.I _________ (call) at the office but they _________ (all work) so I _________
(not stay) long. (past)
11.I _________ (see) my parents tonight so I _________ (give) them your
message then. (future)
12.I _________ (not understand) a single word he _________ (say). (present)
13.Five or six people _________ (wait) to see Mrs. Blackstone. (present)
14.The bottle _________ (roll) off the table, but I _________ (catch) it before it
_________ (go) over the edge. (past)
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Exercise 2.
Read the sentence and then use the correct verb tense. Make the verb negative when
necessary.
(go) I went to class yesterday.
(make) She made some cookies last month, but she hasn’t made any since.
1. (work) They ____________ here since 1969.
2. (do) She ____________ the homework last night.
3. (write) He ____________ a letter last week, but he ___________ any this
week.
4. (watch) I ____________ some movies on television yesterday.
5. (move) We heard that the Smiths _____________ to another state.
6. (lose) She ____________ her keys a month ago, but she ____________ them
since then.
7. (eat) They ____________ all the hamburgers before we arrived.
8. (have) The student ____________ any more colds or fever since last month
when he ______________ to go to the doctor.
9. (tell) The teacher ____________ them to do their homework many times this
semester.
10.(begin) Our class ______________ late yesterday. It _____________ late
several times in this course.
11.(buy) I ______________ a new shirt last week, but it _____________ any
since.
12.(give) Susan ____________ me some paper a few minutes ago.
13.(speak) Paul ____________ to me several times this week.
14.(drink) He _____________ any tea at the meeting because he doesn’t like it.
15.(study) Brian passed all his exams this week because _____________ every
night last week.
Exercise 3.
Underline the correct verb form: Past Simple, Present Perfect, Past Perfect.
He (arrived, has arrived, had arrived) at night.
1. We ate the cake that she (baked, has baked, had baked).
2. Paul (lived, has lived, had lived) there since 1970.
3. Paul (lived, has lived, had lived) there in 1970.
4. Paul (lived, has lived, had lived) there before he came here.
5. She (told, has told, had told) me today that she wasn’t going to be in class
tomorrow.
6. This letter (came, has come, had come) for you yesterday.
7. Pat (wrote, has written, had written) me a letter a few days ago.
8. I (had, has had, had had) a cold since yesterday.
9. She (was, has been, had been) in Europe a few weeks ago.
10.They (saw, has seen, had seen) that movie twice so far.
Exercise 4.
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Write the sentences below, putting the verbs into the Present Perfect, Past Perfect or
Future Perfect, and using the simple or continuous forms.
(You/ see) that film yet? – Have you seen that film yet?
I (write) letters all day, and I'm tired. – I've been writing letters all day, and I'm
tired.
1. I _________ (not play) football since I was at school.
2. How long _________ (you wait) to see the doctor?
3. They _________ (talk) but they stopped when I came into the room.
4. By the end of this month, I _________ (work) here for ten years.
5. When I arrived, the party _________ (finish).
6. We've got two more hours. We _________ (do) all the housework by the time
your parents arrive.
7. I _________ (read) that book for two months but I _________ (not finish) it
yet.
8. They _________ (wait) for me for two hours when I finally arrived.
9. We _________ (know) each other since we were at school together.
10.They _________ (try) to solve the problem for some time now.
11.The machines _________ (work) continuously for two years when they get
their first service next month.
12.We _________ (work) on the car for two hours before it finally started.
13.By tomorrow, they _________ (get) permission to have the meeting at the
town hall, I'm sure.
14._________ (anyone /arrive) when you got to the office?
15.She looks very tired. – I think she _________ (do) too much overtime.
16.I _________ (not see) her for the last five years.
17._________ (you /say) goodnight to the children yet?
18.When I got there, I could see that they _________ (not expect) me.
Exercise 5.
Write the sentences below, putting the verbs into the necessary tense.
When I came (come) to Pete's house last Sunday, he was reading (read) a new book.
Today I have taken (take) it from him. Now I am reading (read) it. I shall have
finished (finish) it by Friday. If you like, I shall give (give) it to you on Saturday
when you come (come) to see me.
1. Where is your luggage? — I _________ (leave) it at the station. I _________
(take) it tomorrow when Nick _________ (come) to help me.
2. I _________ (read) about an hour when he _________ (come).
3. The play _________ (not yet/begin) and the people _________ (talk) in the
hall.
4. Yesterday I _________ (buy) a new pair of gloves, as I _________ (lose) the
old ones.
5. We _________ (walk) in silence. He already _________ (tell) me all that
_________ (be) interesting about himself, and I _________ (have) nothing to
tell him.
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6. The moon _________ (not/ rise) yet, and only two stars, like two distant
lighthouses, _________ (shine) in the dark blue sky.
7. One night a little swallow _________ (fly) over the city. His friends
_________ (fly) away to Egypt six weeks before, but he _________ (stay)
behind.
8. What you _________ (do) these three months?
9. Our train starts late in the evening, so if you _________ (come) at seven
o'clock, we still _________ (pack) our luggage.
10.When you _________ (see) him last?
11.I _________ (meet) him when he _________ (walk) across the park.
12.You ever _________ (act) on the stage? — Why, yes, that's what I _________
(do) for the last six years. Don't enter the bedroom! The child _________
(sleep) there, and he always _________ (wake) up when somebody _________
(open) the door.
13.What you (do) when I _________ (come) in?
14.When I _________ (come) to his house, they _________ (tell) me that he
_________ (leave) an hour before.
15.On checking up his answers he _________ (find) out that he _________
(make) several mistakes.
16.When I _________ (leave) home, the snow already _________ (stop), but a
strong wind _________ (blow).
17._________ (you/read) this book? — Yes, I _________ (read) it. I _________
(think) it _________ (be) very interesting.
18.What the children _________ (do) now? — Oh, they _________ (play) the
new table game which I _________ (buy) for them the day before yesterday.
19.They _________ (reach) the corner of the street by now and _________ (stand)
at the bus stop.
20.After we _________ (walk) about two hours, we arrived at a picturesque glade
covered with fresh grass.
21.We could not go out because it _________ (rain) hard since early morning.
22.She _________ (teach) at our school for twenty years now.
23.Ring me up as soon as you _________ (come) home.
24.He _________ (begin) to write his composition at three o'clock. It is already
eleven, and he still _________ (write) it. He says he _________ (finish) it by
twelve.
25.We _________ (help) our librarian to put the books in the right order for
already three days, but we _________ (arrange) only half the books.
26.The first person whom Andrew (see) as he _________ (enter) was his old
nurse. She _________ (sit) on the sofa. During the last five years she greatly
_________ (change) and now _________ (look) a very old woman.
27.She is going to read the letter she just _________ (receive).
28.How long you _________ (wait) for me? – I am really very sorry.
29.Yesterday I _________ (meet) a friend of mine whom I _________ (not/ see)
for a long time.
30.Ring me up at eleven o'clock, I _________ (not yet /sleep).
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31.You _________ (be) late for the concert if you _________ (not /take) a taxi.
32.The sun _________ (set) a long time ago, and it _________ (begin) to get
really cold.
33.When I _________ (come) home yesterday, my sister already _________ (re-
turn) and _________ (sit) at the fireplace looking through some old
photographs.
34.He _________ (smoke) three cigarettes and _________ (look) through all the
books on the shelf, when at last he _________ (hear) his friend's steps
approaching the door.
35.He just _________ (approach) the door, when she _________ (enter).
36.He _________ (write) the composition for three hours and he _________ (say)
he soon _________ (finish) it as he _________ (think) over the conclusion
now.
37.Hardly I _________ (go) out when I _________ (remember) that I _________
(forget) to take my umbrella.
38.Where is the baby? — The nurse _________ (put) it to bed.
39.He said he _________ (work) for a long time without achieving good results.
40.When will he come? We _________ (wait) for him for already half an hour.
41.On leaving the hall the students _________ (thank) the professor who
_________ (deliver) the lecture.
42.We already _________ (cover) about ten miles when Peter, who _________
(look) out of the window for the last five or ten minutes, suddenly exclaimed:
"Here is the station!"
43.When morning came, the storm already _________ (stop), but the snow still
_________ (fall).
44.Yesterday by eight o'clock he _________ (finish) all his homework, and when
I _________ (come) to his place at nine, he _________ (read).
45.I _________ (wait) for permission to go abroad for already three weeks, but I
_________ (not/ receive) the visa yet.
46.Everybody _________ (be) at the door of the museum, but my friend
_________ (not yet/come).
47.We _________ (drink) tea when the telephone _________ (ring).
48.Johnny noticed that everybody _________ (look) at him, and he _________
(feel) shy.
49.Light _________ (travel) more quickly than sound.
50.The day _________ (be) cold and it (rain). When I _________ (reach) home,
my raincoat _________ (be) all wet. I _________ (take) it off, _________
(shake) the water off it, _________ (hang) it up and _________ (go) into the
living-room.
PASSIVE VOICE
Exercise 1.
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Exercise 2.
Order the words to make sentences.
1. relieve pain/used/is/Aspirin/to. ___________________.
2. named/The sandwich/after/was/the Earl of Sandwich. _________________.
3. designed/Christopher Wren/St Paul’s cathedral/was/by. ________________.
4. based/The film/a true story/is/on.___________________.
5. published/The first crossword puzzle/in 1913/was.__________________.
Exercise 3.
Write sentences in the present or past passive.
1. President Kennedy/assassinate/1963.- President Kennedy was assassinated in
1963.
2. Champagne/made/France.- ____________________.
3. What/your dog/call? - ___________________?
4. Television/invent/John Logie Baird. - ____________________.
5. This room/clean/every morning. - ___________________.
6. Her flat/design/a famous architect. - ___________________.
7. Stamps/only sell/in the Post Office. - ___________________.
8. Where/those shoes/make? - ____________________.
Exercise 4.
Rewrite these sentences in the passive.
1. The police stopped me last night. I was stopped by the police last night.
2. Elton John sang Crocodile Rock.
3. My cousin took all the photographs at our wedding.
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Exercise 5.
Use the correct form of the verbs in passive in the sentences below.
1. Sniffer dogs (use) by police to detect drugs and explosives.
2. Huge pine trees (uproot) by the storm.
3. You (not allow) to buy cigarettes if you are under 16.
4. Toyotas (manufacture) in Japan.
5. This road never (clean).
6. Gold (discover) in Canada.
7. When I saw him he (chase) by a large dog.
8. Several towns (destroy) by the eruption of Vesuvius.
9. This coffee just (make). Help yourself!
10.You ever (cheat)?
11.The mirror (break) while it (move) into the hall.
12.How the word “society” (pronounce)?
13.For months, the baby kangaroo (protect), (feed) and (teach) to survive by its
mother.
14.I feel that I (follow) by somebody.
15.These shirts (iron, not) yet.
16.Love stories always (sell) well.
17.I just (tell) that my house (knock down) next month.
18.They left after the programme (discuss).
19.The house (build) at the moment.
20. Be careful! The wall just (paint).
Exercise 6.
Change these sentences according to the example.
A telephone call woke me up. – I was woken up by the telephone call.
1. My father built this cottage.
2. Beginners use this computer.
3. Somebody is opening the window now.
4. We sold our car last year.
5. People all over the world watch this programme.
6. Don’t worry, we’ll help you.
7. We have just sent for the doctor.
8. He has just repaired his car.
9. Somebody addressed the letter to the wrong person.
10.She is still writing the letter.
Exercise 7.
Write the verb in the passive voice.
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Exercise 8.
Write these sentences in the correct passive form.
1. The pizza base _____ (make) of flour and water. (Present Simple Passive)
2. The telephone _____ (invent) by Alexander Graham Bell. (Past Simple
Passive)
3. A time _____ (arrange). (Future Simple Passive)
4. Lucy Loy _____ (interview). (Future Simple Passive)
5. The Mona Lisa _____ (paint) by Leonardo da Vinci. (Past Simple Passive)
6. Crisps _____ (make) from potatoes. (Present Simple Passive)
7. The pizza _____ (cook) in the oven. (Present Simple Passive)
8. America _____ (discover) by Christopher Columbus. (Past Simple Passive)
9. The magazine _____ (print). (Future Simple Passive)
10.Macbeth and Othello _____ (write) by William Shakespeare. (Past Simple
Passive)
Exercise 9.
Rewrite these sentences in the passive. Keep the same tense.
1. Gibson made the Les Paul guitar.
The Les Paul guitar was made by Gibson.
2. Keyboards won’t replace the electric guitar.
_________________________
3. Many famous guitarists have chosen the Stratocaster.
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________________________
4. Leo Fender created the Stratocaster.
_________________________
5. Madonna recorded “Material Girl”.
_________________________
6. The recording company will release our new single next week.
_________________________
7. Some boys have stolen Terry’s bike.
_________________________
8. Shakespeare wrote “Romeo and Juliet”.
_________________________
9. Children eat most crisps.
_________________________
10.Main computer receives the information.
_________________________
Exercise 10.
Write a sentence with a verb in the passive voice. Keep the same tense.
That student wrote the story.
The story was written by that student.
1. Mary is making tonight's dinner.
_________________________
2. Mr. Smith will give the grammar and vocabulary tests.
_________________________
3. The president made many new laws.
_________________________
4. Susan washes the dishes every night.
_________________________
5. My brother bought that car a long time ago.
_________________________
6. All of the people must do the work.
_________________________
7. Susan has telephoned Mrs. Smith.
_________________________
8. The grammar teacher will grade our test papers.
_________________________
9. The secretary should write those letters immediately.
_________________________
10.Someone has to call the police immediately.
_________________________
Exercise 11.
Underline the correct verb form (Active/Passive voice).
He (writes, is written) long letters most of the time.
Most small cars (make, are made) in Japan.
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Exercise 12.
Write these sentences in the correct passive form. Present, Past or Future Simple
Passive.
Bread is eaten (eat) every day.
1. The letter ____________ (receive) yesterday.
2. Nick ____________ (send) to Moscow next week.
3. I ____________ (ask) at the lesson yesterday.
4. I ____________ (give) a very interesting book at the library last Friday.
5. Many houses ____________ (build) in our town every year.
6. This work ____________ (do) tomorrow.
7. This text ____________ (translate) at the last lesson.
8. These trees ____________ (plant) last autumn.
9. Many interesting games always ____________ (play) at our PT lessons.
10.This bone ____________ (give) to my dog tomorrow.
11.We ____________ (invite) to a concert last Saturday.
12.My question ____________ (answer) yesterday.
13.Hockey ____________ (play) in winter.
14.Mushrooms ____________ (gather) in autumn.
15.Many houses ____________ (burn) during the Great Fire of London.
16.His new book ____________ (finish) next year.
17.Flowers ____________ (sell) in shops and in the streets.
18.St. Petersburg ____________ (found) in 1703.
Exercise 13.
Rewrite the sentences, changing them into the Passive Voice (Present Simple Passive
or Past Simple Passive).
Not only English speaking countries celebrate Halloween.
Halloween is celebrated not only in English speaking countries
1. Frank Robinson gave the name Coca Cola to the drink.
The name Coca Cola ____________________ .
2. People eat thirty-five million hamburgers every day.
Thirty-five million hamburgers ____________________.
3. Previously women thought tobacco smelly.
Tobacco ___________________.
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It____________________.
27.When did Mr. Ramsey translate this book into English?
When ______________this book________________?
28.The government lifted some of the restrictions last year.
Some of the restrictions ____________________.
29.People in our country know Mrs. J.K.Rowling's books very well.
Mrs. J.K.Rowling's books____________________.
30.They allow the pupils to speak their language only during Polish lessons.
The pupils____________________.
31.They never help their mother with the housework.
Their mother____________________.
32.The Robinsons keep their huge Rottweiler dogs in the garden.
Huge Rottweiler dogs____________________.
33.Who won this match?
Who____________this match ______________?
34.This company sell their products all over the world.
This company's products ____________________.
35.A Dutch scientist built the first pendulum clocks in 1656.
The first pendulum clocks____________________.
36.Maintenance engineers check regularly all the equipment.
All the equipment ____________________.
37.They awarded Mother Teresa the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979.
Mother Teresa____________________.
38.Women fans send thousands of letters to Antonio Banderas every month.
Thousands of letters____________________.
39.His elder brother taught him how to ride a bike.
He____________________.
40.The mechanic didn't repair my car on time.
My car____________________.
41.Sally brought me some fresh grapes. (2 versions)
I ____________________.
Fresh grapes____________________.
42.A paperboy delivers a daily paper to us every morning. (2 versions)
A daily paper____________________.
We____________________.
43.Do they produce wine in Portugal?
____________wine_____________?
44.Old Mrs Jenkins looks after our children while we are at work.
Our children____________________.
45.George told me about their suspects during supper.
I ____________________.
46.A sudden explosion of fireworks frightened my dog terribly.
My dog ____________________.
47.A thunder broke the towering oaks and tore them in halves.
The towering oaks ____________________.
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Exercise 14.
Rewrite the sentences, changing them into the Passive Voice (Present Continuous
Passive or Past Continuous Passive).
Don't disturb now! They're preparing some very important documents.
Some very important are being prepared now.
1. The workers are building a new fun-park in this area.
A new fun-park____________________.
2. We were watching the spectacular sunset with great admiration.
The spectacular sunset____________________.
3. Some dangerously looking men were following me all the way to the station.
I ____________________.
4. The delegation was still discussing the matter while they were serving starters.
The matter_______________while starters_______________.
5. While I was having a stroll I saw they were pulling the old cinema down.
I saw that the old cinema____________________.
6. The surgeons were operating on the patient when the lights suddenly failed.
The patient ____________________when the lights suddenly failed.
7. Were you really writing your composition for two hours?
_______________your composition really _______________?
8. Look! Our cat is chasing a rat!
Look! A rat____________________!
9. The students are listening to his lecture with great attention.
His lecture ____________________.
10.The gang of hooligans are damaging the benches and breaking lamp-bulbs in
the park.
The benches in the park _______________and the lamp bulbs _____________
hooligans.
11.The audience is not listening to the speaker.
The speaker ____________________.
12.They are showing the last part of "Lord of the Rings" in many cinemas now.
The last part of ____________________.
13.The coast guards were stopping and searching every car that left the ferry.
Every car that left____________________.
14.The butler was taking Lady Astrid's Dalmatians for a walk every day.
Lady Astrid's Dalmatians ____________________.
15.They are holding the elections next week.
The elections ____________________.
16.Three inspectors were investigating the crime when the criminal gave himself
to the police.
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TESTS
VERB TENSES ACTIVE
A) have
B) is
C) do
D) are
E) does
16.Choose the best alternative. What... on the table? A course book or a
dictionary?
A) wasn't there
B) is there
C) are there
D) there are
E) there wasn't
17.Choose the right variant: Where is Ann? – She … tennis.
A) are playing
B) played
C) plays
D) has played
E) is playing
18.Find the right variant: I (to work) at the Ministry when I graduate from the
University.
A) shall to work
B) will be work
C) work
D) shall work
E) worked
19.Find the right variant: Your sister ... a pupil, she ... not a student.
A) am / am
B) is / am
C) am / is
D) is / are
E) is/ is
20.Put the correct form of the verb. What colour ...your new car?
A) am
B) is
C) have
D) has
E) are
21.Choose the correct answer: You don't need to vacuum the carpet. I've … done
it.
A) still
B) yet
C) already
D) rather
E) often
22.Complete the sentence. I...my home task and ... serious mistakes yesterday.
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A) done/made
B) will do/ will made
C) did / made
D) had done / had made
E) has been done / will have done
23.Find the right variant: Nobody knew where he ....
A) live
B) lived
C) living
D) lives
E) will live
24.Find the right variant: There .. .a large table in my room.
A) is
B) be
C) were
D) are
E) am
25.Find the right variant: My flat... very comfortable.
A) am
B) is
C)be
D) are
E) been
26.Complete the sentence: I ... not see Ann yesterday.
A) have
B) is
C) did
D) are
E) do
27.Complete the sentence: I … a new car. Do you want to see it?
A) bought
B) by
C) have bought
D) will be buying
E) has been buying
28.Complete the sentence: English and other subjects ... very important to me
A) does
B)be
C)do
D)am
E)are
29.Complete the sentence: How many books ... there on the table?
A) is
B) are
C) was
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D) shall be
E) be
30.Choose the right variant: Unfortunately the driver ... the red light.
A) didn't see
B) saw not
C) didn't saw
D) don't see
E) no saw
31.Choose the right variant. .You have to support your children ...?:
A) haven't you
B) did you
C) don't you
D) isn't you
E) have you
32.Choose the right variant: When I looked round the door, the baby ...quietly.
A) is sleeping
B) slept
C) was sleeping
D) were sleeping
E) are sleeping
33.Choose the right variant: Yesterday I ... to phone you, but I couldn't.
A) is going
B) was going
C) were going
D) am going
E) are going
34.Choose the best alternative. I... a lot of friends.
A) are
B) has
С) have
D) will
E) am
35.Choose the right variant: I... you for ages.
A) didn't see
B) had seen
C) haven't seen
D) saw
E) has seen
36.Fill in the suitable adverb in the sentence: I... sleep with my windows open.
A) always
B) a let
C) much
D) more
E) many
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37.Choose the right variant: The children were afraid of making any noise because
Mom ... .
A) slept
B) was sleeping
C) had slept
D) have been sleeping
E) sleep
38.Choose the right variant: There ... few things in our bedroom now.
A) am
B) is
C) were
D) was
E) are
39.Choose the right variant: He … at the theatre yesterday.
A) was
B)are
C)is
D) were
E) will be
40.Choose the right variant: He didn't bring a cup of tea, … ?
A) did he?
B) didn't he?
C) doesn't he?
D) does he?
E) won't he?
41.Find the right variant: Run downstairs. Your sister ... for you now.
A) wait
B) waited
C) has waited
D) is waiting
E) have waited
42.Choose the correct answer: I looked out and saw that… .
A) it was raining
B) it is raining
C) it rains
D) it will rain
E) it rained
43.Choose the right variant: I... in the 10th grade.
A) is
B) were
C)are
D)be
E) am
44.Choose the best alternative. This is an easy test,...?
A) wasn't it
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B) is it
C) yes, it is
D) isn't it
E) aren't they
45.Find the right variant: East or West home ... best.
A) are
B) am
C) was
D) were
E) is
46.Complete the sentence: She … in hospital since Monday.
A) were has been
B) would have been
C) was
D) has been
E) had been
47.Choose the correct answer: My friend … busy the whole day yesterday.
A) were
B) has been
C) was
D) is
E) are
48.Choose the correct answer: While I was on holiday, my camera … from my
hotel room
A) disappear
B) was disappeared
C) is disappeared
D) disappeared
E) has disappeared
49.Complete the sentence: They … when somebody opened the door.
A) did dance
B) were dancing
C) dancing
D) was dancing
E) danced
50.Choose the correct answer. Something extremely strange … .
A) had happened
B) has happened
C) has been happening
D) happened
E) was happened
51.Choose the right variant: They've … been to any foreign countries.
A) lately
B) yet
C) ever
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D) recently
E) never
52.Find the right variant: They ... on holiday in Spain and became good friends.
A) meet
B) see
C) found
D) knew
E) met
53.Complete the sentence. I didn't know the answer because I ... the book.
A) hadn't read
B) don't read
C) wouldn't read
D) didn't read
E) don't read to
54.Choose: Present Perfect Continuous:
A) I've been talking to Tom about your problem.
B) Don't forget to post that letter.
C) He has already started his work.
D) Jim has gone to Canada.
E) I've lost my key.
55.Choose the correct answer. Do you know it is my parents' wedding anniversary
next month? They ... married for thirty years.
A) have been
B) are
C) will have been
D) are going to be
E) will be
56.Choose the right variant: It was evening. My mother was reading a book and
I ... a letter.
A) were writing
B) have written
C) was writing
D) wrote
E) am writing
57.The house was very quiet when I ...home. Everybody ... to bed.
A) got/went
B) got/had gone
C) has got/has gone
D) had got/ had gone
E) will get/will go
58.Choose the right variant: They … learned the new rule.
A) did
B) is
C) was
D) have
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E) has
D) will sell
E) sold
8. Choose the correct answer: The window … by the boy who lives opposite.
A) breaking
B) breaks
C) was break
D) is broken
E) broken
9. Write a passive sentence: They have built a new hospital near the airport.
A) A new hospital hasn't been built near the airport.
B) A new hospital was built near the airport.
C) A new hospital will be built near the airport.
D) A new hospital has been built near the airport.
E) A new hospital is built near the airport.
10.Find the right variant: The doctor ... been sent for.
A) was
B) it
C) have
D) has
E) were
11.Complete the sentence in the passive voice. There's somebody walking behind
us. I think we … .
A) is being followed
B) are being followed
C) are following
D) follow
E) followed
12.Complete the sentence in the passive voice. "Are you going to the party?" "No,
I … ."
A) hasn't been invited
B) have been invited
C) hadn't been invited
D) haven't been invited
E) didn't invite
13.Complete the sentence: The exercises ... done well.
A) am
B) been
C) was
D) is
E) are
14.Complete the sentence. The car ... by Ned yesterday.
A) had been washed
B) has washed
C) is washed
D) was washed
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A) will be written
B) was written
C) will write
D) has been written
E) is written
23.Choose the right variant: A lot of rice … in Asia.
A) is eaten
B) were eaten
C) are eaten
D) am eaten
E) be eaten
24.Write the sentence in passive: They asked me some difficult questions at the
interview.
A) I am asked some difficult questions at the interview.
B) I asked some difficult questions at the interview.
C) I were asked some difficult questions at the interview.
D) I was asked some difficult questions at the interview.
E) I am being asked some difficult questions at the interview.
25.Put the right verb in the passive voice. A mystery is something that can't … .
A) be explained
B) will be explained
C) explains
D) to be explained
E) explain
26.Fill in the gap with the verb in passive voice. In the United States, elections for
President … every four years.
A) are being hold
B) are holding
C) is hold
D) hold
E) are hold
27.Fill in a suitable word: The May Spring Festival in Great Britain is … on the 1sl
of May.
A) played
B) got
C) received
D) celebrated
E) recommended
28.Write a passive sentence: Somebody is using the computer at the moment.
A) The computer is using at the moment.
B) Somebody uses the computer.
C) The computer is being used at the moment.
D) The computer was used.
E) The computer was being used.
29.Choose the right variant: These houses … about twenty-five years ago.
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A) was built
B) were built
C) be built
D) am built
E) is built
30.Find the right variant: Sergei Bezrukov (to recognize) as a talanted actor by all.
A) recognize
B) was recognize
C) were recognize
D) is recognize
E) is recognized
31.Complete the space with the right verb in the passive voice. There's no need to
leave a tip. Service … in the bill.
A) is included
B) doesn't include
C) includes
D) include
E) was included
32.Write a passive sentence: People advised us not to go out alone.
A) People are advising us not to go out alone.
B) We were not advised not to go out alone.
C) We are advised not to go out alone.
D) We advised people not to go out alone.
E) We were advised not to go out alone.
33.Choose the correct variant. The chair....:
A) was being moved.
B) was be moving.
C) have been moved.
D) has been moved.
E) have moved.
34.Choose the correct answer. Today, at least one American out of every three who
get married ... within ten years.
A) will have been divorced
B) divorce
C) will be divorced
D) are divorcing
E) have divorced
35.Complete with the verb in passive voice. The roof of the building … in a storm a
few days ago.
A) was damaged
B) were damaged
C) is damaged
D) are damaged
E) damaged
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36.Write the sentence in passive: They asked me some difficult questions at the
interview.
A) I am asked some difficult questions at the interview.
B) I asked some difficult questions at the interview.
C) I was asked some difficult questions at the interview.
D) I am being asked some difficult questions at the interview.
E) I were asked some difficult questions at the interview.
37.Complete the sentence. They... for 20 years.
A) would be married
B) would have been married
C) have been married
D) was married
E) has been married
38.Choose the correct variant: Many cameras … in Japan every year and they are
very expensive.
A) have been made
B) are being made
C) made
D) having been made
E) are made
39.Choose the right variant: I've just … about it.
A) were told
B) be told
C) been told
D) was told
E) am told
40.Find the right variant: The theatre ... be built here next year.
A) are
B) was
C) is
D) were
E) will
41.Choose the right variant: During the World Cup our streets … with football fans.
A) are filling
B) will be filling
C) fills
D) was filled
E) are filled
42.Choose the correct variant. Smoking ...this restaurant.
A) isn't alloweded
B) isn't allowed
C) hasn't allowed
D) is allowing
E) is alloweded
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43.Complete the sentence in the passive voice. Do you think that less money should
… on apartments?
A) have been spent
B) be spent
C) being spent
D) spend
E) spent
44.Choose the correct variant. Your car ...to Edinburgh next Monday.
A) would be drive.
B) was driven
C) will be driven
D) is being driven
E) were driven
45.Complete the sentence: Such interesting films ... on this channel.
A) shown
B) show
C) showed
D) is often shown
E) are often shown
46.Choose the right variant: The question can … tomorrow morning.
A) is discussed
B) are discussed
C) were discussed
D) was discussed
E) be discussed
47.Choose the right variant: John … on the phone now.
A) was wanted
B) am wanted
C) are wanted
D) is wanted
E) be wanted
48.Complete the space with the right verb in the passive voice. This cottage … of
wood.
A) build
B) was built
C) is built
D) are built
E) is build
49.Choose the correct variant. Mr.Snowdon ...at the moment.
A) was interviewed
B) is interviewed
C) to be interviewed
D) is being interviewed
E) has been interviewed
50.Complete with the verb in passive voice. Cheese … from milk.
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