Generic Name / Brand Name

Meclizine (Antivert, Antrizine, Meni-D)

Dosage

Classification

Indication

Contraindicat ion

Adverse effect
CNS: drowsiness, confusion,euph oria,nervousne ss,restlessnes s,insomnia,sei zures,vertigo,ti nnitus,blurred vision,diplopia, auditory and visual hallucination. CV: hypotension, palpitations, tachycardia. GI: constipation, diarrhea, dry mouth, anorexia, nausea, vommting. GU: Urinary

Nursing Considerati on Avoid excessiv e dosage. If you are using chewabl e tablets, chew them carefully . Antimotionsickness drugs works best if used ahead of time for preventi on. Avoid alcohol

ADULTS: Motion sickness: 25 50 mg PO 1 hr before travel. Vertigo: 25 100 mg PO daily in divided doses.

Anticholinergic Antiemetic Antihistamine Anti-motionsickness drug

Prevention and treatment of nausea, vomiting, motion sickness. Possibly effective for the manageme nt of vertigo associated with disease affecting the vestibular system.

Contraindic ated with allergy to meclizine or cyclizine; tartrazine sensitivity (more common with aspirin hypersensit ivity). Use cautiously with lactation, narrow angle glaucoma, stenosing peptic ulcer,sympt omatic

prostatic hypertroph y, brochial asthma, bladder neck obstruction , cardiac arrhythmia.

frequency, difficult urination, urine retention.

Dimenhydri nat e (Dr am ami ne

ADULTS: Oral: 50100 mg every 4-6 hr PO. Parenteral: 50 mg IM as needed; 50 mg in 10 ml sodium chloride injection

Anticholinergic Antihistamine Anti-motionsickness drug

Prevention and treatment of nausea, vomiting, or vertigo of motion sickness.

Contraindic ated with allergy to dimenhydri nate or its component, lactation. Use cautiously with lactation, narrow angle glaucoma, stenosing peptic

CNS: Drowsiness, confusion, nervousness, restlessness, headache, dizziness, vertigo, tingling, insomnia and excitement, hallucinations, seizures, death, blurring of vession, diplopia. CV:

Report DOB, hallucina tions, tremors, loss of coordina tion, visual disturba nces and irregular heartbeat . Avoid excessiv e dosage Avoid alcohol Report DOB, hallucina tions, tremors, loss of coordina tion, visual

given IV over 10 min. PEDIATRIC PATIENTS 6-12 YR: 25-50 mg PO every 68 hr, not to exceed 150 mg/day. 2-6 YR: Up to 25 mg PO every 68 hr, not to exceed 75mg/day.

ulcer,sympt omatic prostatic hypertroph y, brochial asthma, bladder neck obstruction , cardiac arrhythmia

hypotension, palpitations, tachycardia. GI: epigastric distress, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation,dr yness of mouth, nose and throat. GU: Urinary hesitancy. Urinary retention.

disturba nces and irregular heartbeat

Scopolamin e (Is opt o)

ADULTS 0.4-0.8 mg PO daily; may be increased

Anticholinergic Antiemetic Anti-motionsickness drug Antimuscarinic

Transderm al system: prevention and control of nausea and

Contraindic ated with hypersensit ivity to anticholine rgic drugs;

CNS: pupil dilation, photophobia, blurred vision, headache, drowsiness,

Avoid excessiv e dosage Avoid hot environ

with caution.

Antiparkinsonia n Antispasmodic

vomiting associated with motion sickness and recovery fromsurger y. Preanesthet ic medication to control bronchial, nasal pharyngeal, and salivary secretions; prevent bronchospa sm and larygospas m.

glaucoma; adhesions between iris and lens; stenosing peptic ulcer pyloroduod enal obstruction , paralytic illeus, intestinal atony, sever ulcerative colitis, toxic megacolon, hypertroph y, COPD, tachycardia , cardiac arryhthmia s.

dizziness, mental confusion, excitement,rest lessness, hallucination. CV: palpitations, tachycardia GI: dry mouth, constipation, paralytic ileus, altered taste perception, nausea. Vomiting, dysphagia, heartburn. GU: urinary hesitancy and retention, impotence.

ments Avoid alcohol Report rash, flushing, eye pain, DOB, tremors, loss of coordina tion, irregular heartbeat , abdomin al distentio n, hallucina tion, severe or persisten t dry mouth, difficult y urinating , constipat ion,

Diazepam (Val ium )

ADULTS Oral: Anxiety disorders, skeletal muscle spasm, seizure disorder: 210 mg bid qid Alcohol withdrawal : 10 mg tidqid first 24 hr; reduce to 5 mg tidqid as needed.

Antiepileptic Anxioltytic Benzodiazepine Skeletal muscle relaxant

Manageme nt of anxiety disorders Acute alcohol withdrawal Muscle relaxant Antiepilept ic

Contraindic ated with hypersensit ivity to benzodiaze pines; psychoes,a cute narrowangle glaucoma, shock, coma, acute alcohol intoxicatio n; cardiac defects, microcepha ly,pyloric stenosis. Use cautiously with elderly or debilitated patients;im paired liver

CNS: depression, lethargy,lightheadedness, disorientation, restlessness, confusion, crying, delirium, headache, slurred speech, dysarthria, stupor,vertigo, euphoria. CV: bradycardia, tachycardia, CV collapse, hypertensionan d hypotension, palpitations edema. GI:

sensitivit y to light. Caregive r should learn to assess seizures, administ er rectal form, and monitor patient Use contrace ptives is advised while on this drug Report severe dizziness , weaknes s, drowsine ss, that persists, rashor

or renal function; and in patients with history of substance abuse.

constipation, diarrhea, dry mouth, salivation, nausea, vomiting, difficulty of swallowing, gastric disorder. GU: incontinence, urinary retention, changes in libido, menstrual irregulaties.

skin lesions, plpitatio ns, swelling of the ankles, visual or hearing disturba nces, difficult y voiding.

Prednisone (De ltas one

ADULTS: Short (7-14 d) course of

Corticostteriods Glucocorticoid Hormone

Replaceme nt therapy in adrenal cortical sufficiency

Contraindic ated with infectious. Use cautiously

CNS: vertigo, headache, paresthesis, insomnia, seizures,

Do not stop taking the drug without

, Ora son e, Ster apr ed

oral prednisone can be utilized Starting dose: 40-60 mg PO qd; can be tapered to 0 over course of 7-14 d

Hypercalce mia associated with cancer Short term manageme nt of various inflammati on and allergic disorders. Hematologi c disorders: thrombocyt openia purpura, erythroblas topenia. Ulcerative colitis, acute exacerbatio ns of MS and palliation in some leukemias and lymphomas

wth renal or liver disease, hypothyroi dism, ulcerative colitis with impending perforation, diverticuliti s, active or latent peptic ulcer, inflammati on, bowel disease, heart failure, hypertensio n, osteoporosi s, seizure disorder, DM, hepatic disease.

psychosis, cataracts, glaucoma, euphoria, depression. CV: hypotension, shock, hypertension and HF secondary to fluid retention, thromboemboli sm, thrombophlebit is, fat embolism, cardiac arrhythmias GI: peptic or esophageal ulcer, pancreatitis, abdominal distention, nausea, vomiting, increased appetite,

consultin g your healthcar e provider. Avoid exposure to infection Report usual weight gain, swelling og the extremiti es, muscle weaknes s, black or tarry stools, fever, prolonge d sore throat, colds or other infection

Trichinosis with neurologic or myocardial involvemen t.

May have an additive effect when used with other CNS depressant s or anticonvuls ants; with epinephrin e, may cause hypotensio n

weight gain.

Promethazi ne (Ph ene rga n)

Adult

Antiemetic Antihistamine

25-50 mg PO/IM or as suppository q4-6h

Pediatric

Anti-motionsickness drug Dopaminergic blocker Phenothiazine -

<2 years: Contraindic ated >2 years: 0.5 mg/kg body weight PO/IM q46h

Sedative hypnotic

Documente d hypersensit ivity; children younger than 2 y (incidences of death due to respiratory depression )

Can be associated with CNS depression, dry mouth, extrapyramidal symptoms, hypertension, hypotension, and skin rash; caution in patients with cardiovascular or hepatic disease; may accentuate CNS depression due to alcohol, narcotics, sedatives, and hypnotics

Take drug exactly as prescribe d. Avoid using alcohol Avoid prolonge d exposure to sun Maintain fluid intake Report sore throat, fever, unusual bleeding,

Hydrochlor othi azid e (Esi drix , Hyd roD IUR IL, Mic rozi

Adult

Thiazide Diuretic

25 mg PO qd

May decrease effects of anticoagula nts, antigout agents, and sulfonylure as; may increase toxicity of allopurinol, anesthetics , antineoplas

Documente d hypersensit ivity; anuria; renal decompen sation

CNS: dizziness, vertigo, paresthesias, weakness,head ache, drowsiness, fatigue. CV: orthostatic hypotension, venous thrombosis, volume

or brushing , rash, weaknes s, tremors, impaired vision, dark urine, pale stools, yellowin g of the skin or eyes. Give food or milk if GI upset occurs Measure and rcord weights to monitor fluid intake Report

de

tics, calcium salts, loop diuretics, lithium, diazoxide, digitalis, amphoteric in B, and nondepolar izing muscle relaxants

depletion, cardiac arrhythmias, chest pain. GI: nausea, anorexia, vomiting, dry mouth, diarrhea, constipation, jaundice, hepatitis, pancreatitis GU: polyuria, nocturia, impotence, loss of libido, hyperurecemia

weight change of more than 3 pounds in 1 day, swelling in ankles, unusual bleeding, dizziness , numbnes s, fatigue, muscle weaknes s.