Assumption Antipolo School Year 2011-2012

ENGLISH I
FIRST QUARTER C.N. ________ SCORE ____________ NAME _______________________________________ SECTION _______ DATE _____________

ELEMENTS OF POETRY
What is poetry? intense and individual medium of communication and the responses it can suggest can equally be intense and individual works in a very personal way and responses might not be the same as another persons words and images carry with them connotations that may result to different responses in the minds of different people Elements of Poetry detailed way of asking the three (3) basic questions of a poem - What is the poem about? - How is it written? - Why has the poet chosen to write in this way? all elements of poetry are completely interrelated and interdependent overall effect of a poem is dependent on all individual elements within it working in unity

Form Content Tone

Voice

ELEMENTS OF POETRY

Mood

Rhyme Rhythm

Imagery

1. Content What is the poem all about? ideas, themes, and storyline that it contains useful to establish the surface meaning in order to analyze the detailed and complex ideas in the poem 2. Voice the speaker of the poem may be the poets or through a character or a narrator figure that the poet has created could be the poets genuine voice expressing a heartfelt emotion or it could be the voice of a narrator expressing a view or a feeling that may or may not share useful t identify the speaker to determine the other elements of the poem such as tone and mood 3. Tone it is how the poet or the narrator of the poem feels examples of tone: angry, reflective, melancholy, joyful, etc. being sensitive to the tone of the poem will enable us to understand the intention that lies behind the words

4. Mood the atmosphere that the poem creates

Tone and Mood can be created through: loudness or softness of the voice speaking the poem rhythm that is created poets choice of words emphasis placed on particular words or phrases breaks and pauses that the poet places in the poem

5. Imagery the language used in such a way as to help us to see, hear, taste, feel, think about or generally understand more clearly or vividly what is being said or the impression that the writer wishes to convey

 Types: - Literal - Figurative: the thing being described is compared to something else with which it has something in common; may require the use of figures of speech (e.g. simile, metaphor, personification, alliteration, assonance, onomatopoeia, etc.) 6. Rhyme makes a poem sound pleasing to the ear emphasizes words that are given prominence draws lines and stanzas together through the pattern it imposes on them gives a poem a ritualistic feel can influence the rhythm of the verse gives the poem a sense of finality or ending draws together certain words or images, affecting the sound, or adding emphasis in the way 7. Rhythm the regular beat of a poem rhythms may be created through: - syllable stress: use automatically every time we pronounce words - emphatic stress: emphasis is given or placed on a particular word or phrase in order to determine the meaning and the tone of the poem - phrasing and punctuation: rhythm of a poem is influenced by word order and length of phrases and sentences; choice of punctuation marks, line and stanza breaks, and use of repetitions - meter: regular patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables; to identify the meter of a poem syllables are divided up into groups of two and three and each of these groups is called foot 8. Form structure of the poem refers to the way a poem is actually written down or the way the lines are organized, grouped, or structured Types of Forms: - Sonnet: a fourteen (14) line poem o Italian/Petrarchan: a sonnet consists of an octave and a sestet; rhyme is abba abba cdecde

o English/Shakespearean: a sonnet consists of three (3) quatrains and a couplet; rhyme is abab cdcd efef gg

- Free Verse: does not have lines that are equal in length or that have a regular meter and often it does not rhyme; it is not constrained by meter or rhyme; allows poet to create forms to suit their own purposes and create the effects they want in writing - Thematic: forms of poems used to express a specific theme o Ode: poem in the form of an address to a particular subject, often elevated in style or manner and written in varied or irregular meter o Ballad: poem or song narrating a story in short stanzas o Elegy: poem of serious reflection, typically a lament for the dead o Aubade: poem or piece of music appropriate to the dawn or early morning o Pastoral: poem dealing with the lives of shepherds or rural life in general o Lyric: poem that expresses personal and emotional feelings. In the ancient world o Epic: long poem, typically derived from oral tradition, narrating the deeds and adventures of heroic or legendary figures or the history of a nation o Song: short poem or other set of words set to music or meant to be sung

References: Croft, S. (1997). Literature, Criticism, and Style: A Practical Guide to Advanced Level English Literature. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press