OPTICAL_ETHERNET Description: OPTICAL_ETHERNET Imagine this.

You have been asked to manage the information services for a leading multinational bank. The financial institution, that supports 8 million Individuals, 1,50,000 business and over 1,00,000 corporate costumers. In addition you are responsible data centers hosting critical financial operations, eservices applications and databases for its 1,500 odd branches. The most formidable adversary that you have to overcome is the issue of High-speed access and transfer capabilities for managing the huge amount of Voice and data traffic that spreads across wide geographical area. Addressing similar issues, 80 percent of the traffic in corporate intranets today, is through Ethernet, though at a smaller scale. While the Ethernet has been the simplest and the most reliable of the technologies used for local area networking, which actually obviates the issue of bandwidth, the primary concern has been that of reaching out to the core network that connect to the backbone. Thereby comes the thought of extending the capabilities of local area network (LAN) over a core network. With the telecom sector being deregulated in India, many incumbents and emerging carrier networks have taken up the issue of bandwidth seriously. Optical fiber technology has provided access to a virtually, unlimited option in the core network. In light of the recent debacles of the dot-coms, where in the world law a plethora of dotcoms mushrooming without proper business structures, and then law them closing operations equally soon, the recently opened up telecom sector needs to be treated with care. While molt of the existing and emerging carriers are hollering about bandwidth, which in fact is a core issue, nevertheless, they have not focused on providing their subscribers value-added services. Providing secure point-to-points connectivity with gigabit speeds is one area that ought to be liven a lot of thought.

Smart Antenna
Description: Smart Antenna One of the most rapidly developing areas of communications is Smart Antenna systems. This paper deals with the principle and working of smart antennas and the elegance of their applications in various fields such a 4G telephony system, best suitability of multi carrier modulations such as OFDMA etc.., This paper mainly concentrates on use of smart antennas in mobile communications that enhances the capabilities of the mobile and cellular system such a faster bit rate, multi use interference, space division multiplexing (SDMA),increase in range, Multi path Mitigation, reduction of errors due to multi path fading and with one great advantage that is a very high security. The signal that is been transmitted by a smart antenna cannot tracked or received any other antenna thus ensuring a very high security of the data transmitted. This paper also deals the required algorithms that are need for the beam forming in the antenna patters. The applications of smart antennas such as in WI-FI transmitter, Discrete Multi Tone modulation (DMT), OFDMA and TD-SCDMA is already in real world use is also incorporated in this paper.

WIDE BAND PASS SIGMA DELTA MODULATOR FOR WIRELESS APPLICATIONS

The increasingly complex modulation and compression algorithms employed for wireless communications have dictated the extensive use of digital signal processing in such systems. Moreover, the extensive use of digital signal processing promises to enable the realization of agile, programmable transceivers that can be adapted to meet a variety of standards. The early digitization of signals in a radio receiver offers a number of potentially significant benefits, including reduced sensitivity to analog circuit imperfections, few off-chip components, and the ability to aggressively exploit the scaling of VLSI technology. However, as the digital signal processing is moved closer to the receiving antenna, the demands on the speed and dynamic range of the analog-to-digital converter become increasingly severe. Traffic Platooning Platooning is a new way of driving without driving.