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  • Solvents

    Загружено:

    Joske Duchatoo
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    The document provides information on the properties of common solvents, acids, bases, salts, chromatography solvents, and the usual eluting order of organic compounds. Some key solvent properties listed include boiling points, densities, and hazards. Acid and base properties include formulas, molecular weights, and normalities. Common salts are shown with formulas, molecular weights, and solubility information. Chromatography solvents are ordered by increasing polarity. Organic compounds are generally eluted from least to most polar.

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    The document provides information on the properties of common solvents, acids, bases, salts, chromatography solvents, and the usual eluting order of organic compounds. Some key solvent properties listed include boiling points, densities, and hazards. Acid and base properties include formulas, molecular weights, and normalities. Common salts are shown with formulas, molecular weights, and solubility information. Chromatography solvents are ordered by increasing polarity. Organic compounds are generally eluted from least to most polar.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    85 просмотров2 страницы

    Solvents

    Загружено:

    Joske Duchatoo
    The document provides information on the properties of common solvents, acids, bases, salts, chromatography solvents, and the usual eluting order of organic compounds. Some key solvent properties listed include boiling points, densities, and hazards. Acid and base properties include formulas, molecular weights, and normalities. Common salts are shown with formulas, molecular weights, and solubility information. Chromatography solvents are ordered by increasing polarity. Organic compounds are generally eluted from least to most polar.

    Авторское право:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Скачайте в формате PDF, TXT или читайте онлайн в Scribd
    Отметить как неприемлемый контент
    из 2

    Properties of some common solvents.

    solvent
    acetone chloroform diethyl ether ethanol (95%) ethyl acetate hexanes isopropanol methanol methylene chloride toluene water

    formula
    (CH3)2C=O CHCl3 (CH3CH2)20 CH3CH2OH CH3CO2CH2CH3 C6H14 CH3CHOHCH3 CH3OH CH2Cl2 C6H5CH3 H2O 56 61 35 78 77

    bp (C)

    density (g/mL)
    0.8 1.5 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.8 1.3 0.9 1.0

    hazards
    ammable toxic highly ammable ammable ammable ammable ammable ammable, toxic toxic ammable

    6769 82 65 41 111 100

    Properties of some common acids and bases. compound


    acetic acid, conc., 99.8% sulfuric acid, conc., 96% phosphoric acid, conc., 85% nitric acid, conc., 70% hydrochloric acid, conc., 37% ammonium hydroxide, conc., 29%

    formula
    CH3CO2H H2SO4 H3PO4 HNO3 HCl NH4OH

    MW of pure compound
    60.05 98.08 98.00 63.02 36.47 35.05

    normality
    17.4 36 14.7 17 12 14.8

    density (g/ mL)


    1.05 1.84 1.69 1.42 1.19 0.90

    Some properties of salts/salt solutions used in organic chemistry. name


    sodium bicarbonate sodium carbonate sodium chloride

    formula
    NaHCO3 Na2CO3 NaCl

    MW
    84.00 106.00 58.45

    solubility
    1 part in 10 parts water at 25 1 part in 3.5 parts water at 25 1 gram dissolves in 2.8 mL of water at 25

    miscellaneous
    pH of 0.1 M aq. solution = 8.3; density is about 1 Density is about 1 Density of saturated solution = 1.202

    Chromatography solvents eluting order. hexanes increasing polarity (more powerful eluters) toluene methylene chloride diethyl ether ethyl acetate acetone methanol, ethanol acetic acid

    Usual eluting order of organic compounds. saturated hydrocarbons unsaturated hydrocarbons more polar (stronger bonding) ethers esters halides ketones aldehydes amines alcohols acids and bases

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