Instructors:

Zeno V. Oñez, RMT

 Course Description

 The course deals with the study of various laws related to
the practice of Medical Technology in the Philippines
primarily RA. 5527. It also includes the study of
professional ethics and bioethics. Bioethics deals with the
study of Ethics in relation to health particularly and to
human life in general. Its emphasis is on basic ethical
principles, major bioethical principles and its application
in health. It also includes the discussion of philosophical
principles and virtues of health care providers.
 PRELIM

Week 1 Davao Doctors College’s Vision, Mission, and Goals;
Orientation on Course Outline and Classroom Policies
and Guidelines.
Week 2 MLS History in the Philippines, PAMET History, PAMET
Presidents
Week 3 Laws Pertaining to MLS Profession: RA 5527;
amendments to RA 5527: PD 498, RA 6138, PD 1534
Week 4 Medical Technology Code of Ethics, Medical
Technology Prayer
 MIDTERM

Week 6 RA 4688 – The Clinical Laboratory Law Of 1966
Policies and Amendments; National Reference
Laboratories
Week 7 RA 8981 – PRC Modernization Act of 2000 Policies and
Amendments; RA 10912 CPD Law Policies and
Implementing Guidelines
Week 8 RA 7719 – The National Blood Service Act Of 1994;
RA1517 – Blood Banking Law Policies and Guidelines
 PRE-FINALS

Week 10 RA 8504 – HIV/AIDS Law, PNAC Resolution no.1
Policies and Guidelines; RA 9288 – Newborn Screening
Act, Policies and Guidelines
Week 11 RA 9165 – Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of
2002, Policies and Guidelines
 FINALS

Week 13 RA 7722 – Higher Education Act of 1994 Policies and
Guidelines
Week 14 RA 7170 – Organ Donation Act, Policies and Guidelines
Week 15 Bioethics and its Importance; Basic Ethical Principles
Week 16 Major Bioethical Principles
 GRADING SYSTEM

 Prelim = 2/3 Class Standing + 1/3 Examination
 Midterms = 2/3 Class Standing + 1/3 Examination
 Pre-Finals = 2/3 Class Standing + 1/3 Examination
 Tent. Final = 2/3 Class Standing + 1/3 Examination
 Final Grade = (PG + MG + PFG + TFG) / 4
 Whereas, TFG = TF (90%) + Comprehensive Exam (10%)

Breakdown of Class Standing:

 Quizzes 70%
 Class Participation and Attendance 10%
 Project/Seatwork/Assignment 20%
 Total 100%
Prepared by: Archie F. Anadon, RMT
 Objectives:

 Define Medical Technology and Medical Technician
 Understand the role of Pathologist and Pathology
 Identify the Employment Opportunities for Medical
Technology Graduates
 Recognize the Personal Traits of Medical
Technologists
 Comprehend the Development and History of
Medical Technology
 Definition of Medical
Technology

 Ruth Heinemann; the application of principles of natural,
physical, and biological sciences to the performance of
laboratory procedures which aid in the diagnosis and
treatment of disease.
 Anna Fagelson; the branch of medicine concerned with
the performance of laboratory determinations and
analyses used in the diagnosis and treatment of disease
and maintenance of health.
 Walters; the profession concerned with performing
laboratory analyses in view of obtaining information
necessary in the diagnosis and treatment of disease as
well as in the maintenance of good health.
 RA 5527

 “an auxillary branch of laboratory medicine which deals
with the examination of tissues, secretion and excretion of
the human body and body fluids by various electronic,
chemical, microscopic and other medical laboratory
procedures or techniques either manual or automated
which will aid the physician in the diagnosis, study and
treatment of disease and in the promotion of health in
general.”
 Clinical Laboratories

 Facilities that perform chemical and microscopic
examinations of various body fluids.
 Small Hospital (<100 beds) – performs routine
procedures and complicated/infrequent tests may be
sent to reference laboratory.
 Medium Hospital (100-300 beds) – performs routine
tests and includes more complicated tests. Only new
developed or high level of complexity tests may be
sent to reference laboratory.
 Large Hospitals (>300 beds) – can handle large
volumes of work and perform complex texts.
 Pathologist and Pathology

 Pathologist is the director of the laboratory.
 Pathology is defined as the practice of medicine
which contributes to diagnosis, prognosis and
treatment through knowledge gained by laboratory
applications of the biologic, chemical or physical
sciences to man or material obtained from a man.
 Anatomic pathology – diagnosis or surgical tissues.
 Clinical pathology- specializes in chemical,
microbiological and hematologic procedures.
 Medical Technologist

 Has a baccalaureate degree program from a college or
university recognized by the Commission on Higher
Education (CHED),
 has completed a specified clinical internship in a training
laboratory accredited by the Bureau of Health Facilities
and Services of the Department of Health and
 has passed the licensure examination administered by
the Board of Medical Technology of the Professional
Regulation Commission.
 Medical Technician

 An individual certified and registered with the
Professional Regulation Commission to run various tests
under the supervision of a registered medical
technologist or pathologist. A medical technician may
also log specimens in the laboratory and prepare samples
for testing.
Employment Opportunities

 Greatest number of medical technologists are
employed in government and private hospitals, in
clinical laboratories, medical technology specialists,
clinical laboratory supervisors, chief medical
technologists and laboratory owners.
 May also land a job in sales and industry as sales
representatives, public relations representatives or
educational representatives for their company or as a
part of the health program for the employees.
 Personal Traits

 Physical Stamina  Observant
 Good Eye Sight  Motivated
 Normal Color Vision  Able to perform precise
 Manual Dexterity manipulations and
calculations
 Good Intellect and an
aptitude for biological  Good organizational
science skills
 Caring attitude  Service oriented
 Good communication  Honest
skills  Emotionally matured
Development of Medical
Technology

 Early Beginning

 Hippocrates (460 B.C.), Father of Medicine,
formulated the Hippocratic Oath; the code of ethics
for practicing physicians.
 He described four “humors” or body fluids in man
 Blood
 Phlegm
 Black Bile
 Yellow Bile
 The humors were felt to be the source of person’s
disposition and disease in ancient times.
 Urine was regarded as a composite of humors.
 Urinalysis, has been passed down from ancient times
and regarded as the oldest laboratory procedures
today.
 Polyuria of diabetes was also noted in ancient times as
early as 600 B.C..
 A Hindu physician recorded the sweet taste of diabetic
urine.
 1500 B.C., Vivian Herrick, a medical technologist,
traces the beginning of medical technology when
parasites such as Taenia and Ascaris were identified.
 Ebers Papyrus; medical technolgy began when a
book for the treatment of disease was published.
 Ruth Williams believed that medical technology
began from the medieval period (1096-1438) as
supported by the fact that urinalysis was a fad.
 Early Hindu Doctors; had the scientific observation
that the urine of certain individuals attracted ants
and had a sweetish taste.
 Anne Fagelson (14th Century) believed that MT
started when a prominent doctor at the University of
Bologna employed Alessandra Giliani.
 Anton Van Leeuwenhoek (1632) invented and
improved compound microscope.
 Malphigi (1628-1694), Father of Pathology, was
described as the greatest of the early microscopist.
 However, some believed that pathology was
practiced in the time of Rudolph Virchow (1847), the
youngest of the medical specialist and the Founder
of Archives of Pathology in Berlin.
 Herman Fehling (1848), first quantitative test for
urine sugar.
 15th Century was the discovery of aniline dyes to
stain microorganisms.
 The new science became known in Germany, and
spread in Greece, Japan, Turkey, England and in
United States.
 History of M.T. in the
United States

 19th Century was the emergence of clinical
laboratories.
 William H. Welch (1878), established laboratory at
the Believue Hospital Medical College. Gave the first
laboratory course in pathology ever offered in an
American Medical School. Then in1885, he became
the First Professor of Pathology at John Hopkins
University.
 Dr. William Osler (1896) opened the very first
clinical laboratory at the John Hopkins Hospital .
Routine examinations were carried out, special
attention being given to the search for malarial
parasite.
 William Pepper Laboratory was also opened at
University of Pennsylvania (1896).
 Dr. James C. Todd (1908) wrote “A Manual of
Clinical Diagnosis) and was retitled into “ Clinical
Diagnosis by Laboratory Methods” in its 19th edition.
This book served as the standard reference for
laboratories.
 In 1900 census, 100 technicians, all male were
employed in the U.S.. This increased to 3,500 in 1920.
In 1922, 3,035 hospitals had clinical laboratories.
 WWI was an important factor in the growth of the
clinical laboratory.
 University of Minnesota (1923), the first to offer
degree level program entitled “Courses in Medical
Technology for Clinical and Laboratory
Technicians” issued in 1922.
 Denver Society of Clinical Pathologists (1921) was
organized. This was followed by American Board of
Pathology (1936).
 WWII; Use of blood and “closed system” was
adopted. Advancement of instrumentations were
employed.
History of M.T. in the
Philippines

 WWII (1939-1945).
 December 7, 1941, the Pearl Harbor was invaded by
Japan.
 1944, US bases were built in Leyte resulting in the
introduction of health care team in the Philippines.
 January 9, 1945, 26th Medical Laboratory of the 6th US
Army was built in Quiricada Sta. Cruz, Manila, but
now known as Manila Public Health Laboratory.
 Civilians were trained to become members of heath
care team.
 6th US Army left the laboratory on June 1945.
 The laboratory was formerly organized by Dr. Pio de
Roda and assisted by Dr. Mariano Icasiano who was
then the Manila City Health Officer.
 Dr. Pio de Roda with Dr. Prudencia Sta. Ana opened
training program for high school graduates and
paramedical graduates.
 However, the training proved to be ineffective.
 1954, a syllabus for 6 months were introduced and
was later accompanied by Dr. Briones.
 The training program did not last long, for during
the same year, the formal education of Medical
technology in the Philippines began.
 Dr. Wilda Hilgert Hedrick, an American medical
practitioner and a missionary of the Seventh Day
Adventist was named the “Founder of Medical
Technology Education” in the country.
 In 1954, the Philippine Union College of Baesa,
Caloocan (now Adventist University of the
Philippines located in Silang, Cavite) offered the first
four-year B.S. Medical Technology course through its
sister establishment Manila Sanitarium Hospital.
 In 1956, Dr. Jesse Umali, an OB-gynecologist and
owner of Omega Lab, Vito Cruz, Manila, was the
first graduate.
 S.Y. 1957-1958, Dr. Antonio Gabriel and Dr. Gustavo
Reyes of the Faculty of Pharmacy, UST, offered M.T.
as an elective to 4th and 5th year B.S. Pharmacy
students.
 Rev. Fr. Lorenzo Rodriguez decided to make M.T. a
course.
 June 17, 1957, temporary permit was issued by the
DOE for 1st to 3rd year students.
 In June 1960, permit for the internship program was
issued.
 The full recognition of the 4-year B.S. M.T. course
was given on June 14, 1961.
 At CEU, Mrs. Purifacion Sunico-Suaco undertook
feasibility study for the offering of B.S.M.T. course.
This was granted by the University President,
Carmen de Luna. The first batch graduated in 1962.

 At FEU, Dr. Horacio A. Ylagan and Dr. Serafin

Juliano thru the authority of Dr. Lauro H.
Panganiban (Dean, IM) and Dr. Jesus B. Nolasco
(Secretary, IM) applied for the offering of B.S.M.T.
course. The Bureau of Education approved the
program in July 5, 1962. the first batch graduated in
1963.
 PASMETH

PHILIPPINE ASSOCIATION OF SCHOOLS OF MEDICAL
TECHNOLOGY AND PUBLIC HEALTH, INC.
 A national organization of 50 recognized schools offering
MT that was formed in 1970.
 On May 13, 1970, Director Narciso Albarracin appointed
Dr. Serafin Juliano to lay the foundation of the association
of MT schools.
 The first organizational meeting was held at UST on June
22, 1979. The first set of officers were:
 President - Dr. Gustavo Reyes
 Vice-President - Dr. Serafin Juliano
 Secretary/Treasurer - Dr. Vella Trinidad
 Press Relation Officer - Dr. Faustino Sunico
 The first annual meeting was held at UST on May 7, 1971.
 On April 3, 1972, the second set of officers were:
 President - Dr. Gustavo Reyes
 Vice-President - Dr. Claro Cabrera
 Secretary/Treasurer - Dr. Elvira Silva
 Press Relation Officer - Dr. Faustino Sunico

 Others who served as PASMETH presidents:

 Dr. Ibarra Panopio (1973-74) Velez College
 Dr. Angelita G. Adeva (1974-75) UST
 Dr. Elizabeth M. del Rio (1977-81) Martinez Memorial
Colleges
 Dr. Gustavo Reyes – Dr. Claro D. Cabrera (1981-182)
UST
 Dr. Elizabeth M. del Rio (1982-83) Martinez Memorial
Colleges
  Dr. Norma V. Lerma (1983-84) – UST
 Dr. Vivencio T. Torres (1984-85) University of Luzon
 Prof. Nardito Moraleta (1985-88) – FEU
 Dean Norma N. Chang (1988-86) San Juan de Dios
Educational Foundation Inc.
 Prof. Rudolfo R. Rabor (1996-1999) UST
 Dr. Nini Festin-Lim (1999-2002) Philippine Women’s
University
 Dean Zenalda Cajucom (2002-2010) World Citi
Colleges
 Dean Magdalena F. Natividad (2010-2012) FEU
 Dean Bernard U. Ebuen (2012-present) Arellano
University
 PASMETH was formally registered with Securities
and Exchange Commission on Oct., 6, 1989 thru the
help of Atty. Dexter Bihis who acted as PASMETH
Legal Counsel.
 PASMETH accomplishments:
 Continuing professional education program for MT
faculty
 Preparation of a standard curriculum for BSMT
schools
 Preparation of a standard course syllabi for
professional subjects in MT
 Scholarship grants for MT students
 Community outreach projects
 Recognition to graduates of MST course (PASMETH
Gold Medal for Excellence Award)
 Accreditation as CPE Provider for MT.
 PAMET

PHILIPPINE ASSOCIATION OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGISTS
 Only accredited professional organization of all
RMTs in the Philippines.
 Mr. Crisanto Almario, Father of PAMET on Sep. 15,
1963. It was organized at MPHL in Sta. Cruz, Manila.
 1st national convention of PAMET was held at FEU
on Sep. 20, 1964.
 The PAMET Presidents were:
 ASSIGNMENT:

1) Have a summary of 1st PAMET President until the
current. Format: PAMET PRES./YEAR/SCHOOL
2) Draw and explain the PAMET insignia.
3) Must be submitted as 1 PDF file in Google classroom.
4) Clean bond paper:
 input name, date, & section.
 Margin: 1x1x1x1
 Colored pens are allowed
 Multiple pages must be merged as 1 file