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• hospitals
• private clinics
• medical and dental practices
• health care centres
according to
IEC 60364-7-710:2002-11
© Dipl.-Ing. W. BENDER GmbH&Co.KG 35305 Grünberg Germany www.bender-de.com Fxxx / 06.2002 1
Seminar topics
! NOTE 1
It may be necessary to modify the existing electrical installation
when a change of utilization of the location occurs.
Special care should be taken where intracardiac procedures are
performed in existing installations.
Classification
of
medical
locations
© Dipl.-Ing. W. BENDER GmbH&Co.KG 35305 Grünberg Germany www.bender-de.com Fxxx / 06.2002 8
Classification of medical locations
710.30
! NOTE 1
Classification of a medical location should be related to the type of contact
between applied parts and the patient, as well as the purpose for which the
location is used.
Classification of groups 0 1 2
Disconnection in case of the first fault
a) Patients at risk no no yes
b) Can the examination or treatment be yes yes no
repeated or interrupted ?
Failure of the normal power supply
a) Patients at risk no no yes
b) Can the examination or treatment be yes yes no
repeated or interrupted ?
Use of applied parts
a) Externally or invasively, but not for intracardiac
application and where power failure can cause no yes yes
danger to life.
b) For intracardiac procedures in operating theatres
and for vital treatment where discontinuity of
the supply can cause danger to life. no no yes
! Examples
Consultation rooms, general wards
! Protective measures
! According to IEC 60364-4-410
! Additional protection
! By equipotential bonding
! Safety power supply source
! Safety lighting SV
! Features
! Disconnection
• In the event of a single short circuit
to exposed conductive parts or
earth fault.
• Failure of the normal power supply
! Examination and treatment
• Interruption/repitition can be tolerated
! Applied parts
• used externally
• Invasively to any part of the body (except
where 710.3.7 applies ->cardiac zone)
! Examples
! Rooms for physiotherapy or hydrotherapy
! Dialysis rooms
! Protective measures
! Double insulation
! Safety extra-low voltage SELV
! Functional extra-low voltage PELV, FELV
! RCD in TN-S systems
! IT system with insulation monitoring
! Supplementary protection
! by equipotential bonding
! Features
! No disconnection
• In the event of a first short circuit to
exposed conductive parts or earth fault
• Failure of the normal power supply
! Examination and treatment
• No interruption or repetition
! Use of applied parts
• for intracardiac procedures
• for vital treatment
! Examples
! Operating theatres
(preparation, major surgery, post-operative treatment)
! Intensive care rooms
! Cardiac catheter rooms
! Supplementary protection
! by equipotential bonding
Annex B
Table B.1
Power supplies
in
medical
locations
© Dipl.-Ing. W. BENDER GmbH&Co.KG 35305 Grünberg Germany www.bender-de.com Fxxx / 06.2002 17
Which power supply system is required by the
IEC 60364-4-410 standard ?
1st letter: earthing of the current source
T = direct earthing one point of the current
source
I = isolation of all active parts from earth
! Chapter 710.312.2:
The TN-C system is not allowed
in medical locations and medical
buildings downstream of the main
distribution board.
! NOTE:
It is recommended that TN-S systems are monitored to
ensure the insulation level of all live conductors.
In IT systems
! In the event of an insulation fault RF
only a very low capacitive current Ice flows
In TN systems
! A fault current flows determined by the earth
resistance and the insulation fault.
In TN systems
! A high fault current can flow
! The fault current is only limited by
the body impedance
In IT systems
! The IT system is a small local
network with low leakage
capacitances.
! The fault current is limited by the
body impedance, the earthing
resistance and the high impedance
of the fault loop.
! Hazards to persons and equipment
arising from high fault currents are
reduced.
In TN systems
! When the fault current IF ≤ Ia
! Fuse does not trip
! The electrical energy of the
fault current is transformed
into thermal energy
! Fire risk at
P ≥ 60 W = 260mA/230V).
In IT systems
! A small current flows limited by
the high impedance of the fault loop.
! Considerable less fire risk
! Increased protection for persons
and equipment
! Transformers shall be
! installed in close proximity to, inside or outside, the medical location
! placed in cabinets or enclosures to prevent unintentional contact with live
parts.
! The leakage current of the output winding to earth and the leakage
current of the enclosure, when measured in no-load condition and the
transformer supplied at rated voltage and rated frequency, ≤ 0.5 mA.
! Rated output of the transformers 0.5 kVA … 10 kVA.
! For three-phase loads with an IT system a separate three-phase
transformer shall be provided for this purpose with output line-to-line
voltage not exceeding 250 V.
IEC 61558-2-15
Safety of power transformers, power supply units and similar-
Part 2-15: Particular requirements for isolating transformers
for the supply of medical locations:
! Three-phase transformer
! DS0107 series
! acc. to IEC 61558-2-15
! 1…10kVA
! Vertical or horizontal
version, or installed in an
enclosure
! For each group of rooms serving the same function, at least one
separate medical IT system is necessary.
Interruption - Indication
system/earth
connection
© Dipl.-Ing. W. BENDER GmbH&Co.KG 35305 Grünberg Germany www.bender-de.com Fxxx / 06.2002 35
Protection of the IT system
(710.413.1.5, 710.53.1, 710.55.3)
Temperature
Load
Insulation
Alarm LED
! illuminated LC display
107TD47 107TD47
MK 2418C-11
8 digital inputs, e.g.
O2
CO2
107TD47 Aircon
medical
RS485
gas
! Where circuits are supplied from other systems (TN-S systems) in the
same medical location, socket-outlets connected to the medical IT
system shall either:
! be of such construction that prevents their use in other systems or
! be clearly and permanently marked.
The safety
power supply
in medical locations
© Dipl.-Ing. W. BENDER GmbH&Co.KG 35305 Grünberg Germany www.bender-de.com Fxxx / 06.2002 49
General power supply in hospitals
(710.313.1 )
! In medical locations the distribution system should be designed
and installed to facilitate the automatic change-over from the main
distribution network to the electrical safety source feeding essential
loads
! sterilization equipment
! technical building installations, in particular air conditioning,
heating and ventilation systems, building services and
waste disposal systems
! cooling equipment
! cooking equipment
! storage battery chargers
! Escape routes
! Lighting of exit signs
! Locations for switchgear and controlgear for emergency
generation sets.
! Distribution boards of the normal power supply and for power
supply for safety services.
! Rooms in which essential services are intended. In each room at
least one luminaire shall be supplied from the power source for
safety services.
! Rooms of group 1 medical locations. In each room at least one
luminaire shall be supplied from the power supply source for
safety services.
! Rooms of group 2 medical locations. A minimum of 50 % of the
lighting shall be supplied from the power source for safety
services.
UFC107E65-12-B16
! Requirements of 710.413.1.5
! For each group of rooms at least one separate IT system
! Example 4 patient places
! Capacity balance
! Capacity per bed 600 W 2400 W for 4 beds
! In addition one high-capacity load 2000 W
Wiring area
Connection terminals
Switching
elements
Voltage relay
Control device
Wiring area
Connection terminals
Switching
elements
Voltage relay
Control device
! The problem
! In intensive care locations several socket-outlets are arranged at every
patient place, sometimes up to 24 socket outlets and more
! In an intensive care unit with 4 beds, for example, these are more than
90 socket outlets
! In intensive care units usually no technical experts are present, but
medical personnel
! If an insulation fault occurs, due to a defective device, for example,
nobody knows to which socket outlet the defective device is connected
! In order to guarantee the patient's safety, the insulation fault must be
found as quick as possible.
! But how ?
! The solution
! Insulation fault location system EDS474
Connection terminals
Insulation fault location system
Insulation fault
location system
Switching elements
Fuse
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