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Motivation
The need
An internal state that makes certain outcomes appear attractive. An unsatisfied need creates tension that stimulate drives within an individual . These drives generate a search behavior to find particular goals , that if attained , will satisfy the need and reduce the tension
Motivation
The managers willingness to exert high levels of effort to reach organizational goals , conditioned by the efforts ability to satisfy some individual need P.313
Hierarchy of needs
Selfactualization Esteem Social
Safety
Physiological
Motivators Achievement Recognition Work itself Responsibility Advancement Growth Related to job satisfaction
Supervision Company policy Relationship with supervisor Working conditions Salary Relationship with peers Personal life Relationship with subordinate Status Security When it is adequate , may eliminate job dissatisfaction but do not necessarily increase job satisfaction
Expectancy Theory
The employee tends to act on the basis of the expectation that the act will be followed by a given outcome And the attractiveness of that outcome to him It includes 3 variables of relationships: 1- Effort performance linkage : the probability perceive by the employee that exerting a given amount of effort will lead to performance 2- The performance-reward linkage : The degree to which an individual believes that performing at a particular level will lead to the attainment of a desired outcome 3- Attractiveness : The importance an individual places on the potential outcome or reward that can be achieved on the job . This variable considers the goals and needs of the individual