MASTER PROGRAMS

Spring Semester 2007/2008

COURSE SYLLABUS

ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR IN CROSS-CULTURAL CONTEXT Instructor: Tatiana E.Andreeva, Ph.D., Senior Lecturer, Organizational Behavior and Human
Resources Management Department, GSOM, e-mail: andreeva@som.pu.ru

Organization of the course

Program Year Course status Workload Prerequisites Master in International Business 1-st year Core 6 ECTS, 45 hours of classes Undergraduate course in Organizational Behavior. For students who did not have this course, additional readings on organizational behavior are recommended (any basic textbook for the course, for example, Greenberg J., Baron R. Behavior in Organizations, 1993). The course will be based on interactive teaching style with intensive student participation. This course does not have separate seminars, it is supposed to intertwine lectures with various types of activities that stimulate students thinking and develop their cross-cultural skills, such as individual exercises, group discussions, class discussions, case discussions, simulation games and student presentations (group projects). Classes are supplemented by readings.

Teaching methods

Course objectives
The aim of the course is to provide students with the understanding of diverse nature of organizational behavior in the global context, that is: to acquaint students with important theoretical perspectives on organizational behavior, to enhance their awareness of cross-cultural issues, to train students to apply these perspectives through analysis of cases from different cultural contexts and to develop their skills as future global managers.

Course content

All the topics covered within the course are arranged into three parts.

Part I. Introduction and key theoretical concepts (16 hrs) Topic 1. Organizational behavior: field of research and applied discipline (2 hrs) Topic 2. Introduction to culture (2 hrs) Topic 3. Culture and organizational behavior (8 hrs) Topic 4. Culture in management sciences (4 hrs)

Part II. Key aspects of organizational behavior in cross-cultural context (20 hrs) Topic 5. Individual in organization (4 hrs) Topic 6. Groups and teams in organization (2 hrs) Topic 7. Leadership in organization (2 hrs) Topic 8. Communications in organization (4 hrs) Topic 9. Corporate culture (2 hrs) Topic 10. Organizational structure and management systems (6 hrs)

Part III. Course finale (8 hrs) Topic 11. Organizational behavior in various cultural contexts: applied analysis (8 hrs)

Plan of classes
Part I. Introduction and key theoretical concepts Topic 1. Organizational behavior: field of research and applied discipline (2 hrs) Class 1.1. Preliminary Required reading for class: assignment Recommended for students who did not have undergraduate course in Organizational Behavior - Ch.1 Organizational behavior: an introduction, in Greenberg & Baron (1993), pp.1-33, or introduction chapter from any other basic textbook in organizational behavior. 27.02.2008 Key points: 14.45-16.15 History of development of organizational behavior (OB). Auditorium 209 OB as a science: object of study and key assumptions. Three levels of OB analysis. Links to other social sciences. The newest trends in OB. Learning outcomes: Understanding of the key problems within the field of organizational behavior Topic 2. Introduction to culture (2 hrs) Class 1.2. 27.02.2008 Key points: 16.30-18.00 Definitions of culture. Auditorium 209 Development of culture concept in management sciences: from anthropology to knowledge management. Cultural differences: problem or advantage. Learning outcomes: Understanding of the concept of culture Capability to compare different concepts of culture, discuss their advantages and disadvantages Assignments for class 2: # Reading: ## 1 - 2 from readings list # Project work: Students have to form groups and to choose topic for their group project. Groups and topics have to be submitted before March, 6. Details of group project assignment are provided in Appendix 1 of this syllabus. Topic 3. Culture and organizational behavior (8 hrs) Class 2. 12.03.2008 14.45-16.15 16.30-18.00 Auditorium 410 Key points: Specifics of organizational behavior in various cultural contexts. Key factors determining these specifics. Various cultural contexts: regional, national, industry, professional, corporate cultures. Learning outcomes: Understanding of basic framework for cultural analysis Capability to identify various cultural contexts in particular 3

situation Awareness of the students own cultural spheres of influence Assignments for class 3: # Reading: ## 3 - 5 from readings list Class 3. 26.03.2008 14.45-16.15 16.30-18.00 Auditorium 403

Key points: Key dimensions of culture and resulting organizational behavior. Various typologies of national cultures: Kluckhon, Hall, Hofstede, Trompenaars, GLOBE project. Advantages and problems of these typologies. Learning outcomes: Knowledge of key typologies (dimensions) of national cultures Capability to compare different typologies of culture, discuss their advantages and disadvantages Awareness of the students own cultural profile Assignments for class 4: # Reading: ## 6 & 9 from readings list (readings ## 7 & 8 are to be read before exam) # Project work: Students have to finalize their mid-term work-inprogress repots. Submission deadline March, 28.

Topic 4. Culture in management sciences (4 hrs) Class 4. 28.03.2008 10.45-12.15 13.00-14.45 Auditorium 403 Key points: Cultural influence on theory building in social sciences. Universality and culture-specificity concepts. Cultural stereotypes and paradoxes. Current trends in international/cross-cultural research. Learning outcomes: Understanding of cultural influence on theory building Capability to analyse cultural roots of various management concepts Knowledge of current trends in cross-cultural research Capability to reflect on cultural biases of the students own master thesis research Assignments for class 5: # Reading: ## 10 & 11 from readings list The Case of the Floundering Expatriate, G.Adler, Harvard Business Review, Jul/Aug95, Vol. 73 Issue 4, pp.2436. (E)

Part II. Key aspects of organizational behavior in cross-cultural context.

Topic 5. Individual in organization (4 hrs) Class 5-1. 02.04.2008 14.45-16.15 Auditorium 403 Key points: Efficient individual in cross-cultural context. Concept of cultural intelligence (CQ). Head, body and heart facets of cultural intelligence. Cross-cultural training. Cultural sensibility training. Learning outcomes: Understanding of the features that make an individual efficient in cross-cultural context Knowledge of CQ concept

Class 5-2 02.04.2008 16.30-18.00 Auditorium 403

Key points: Career management: new trends. Career in global organization. Culture shock and acculturation. Re-entry culture shock. Learning outcomes: Understanding of key challenges that an individual faces in developing his/her career in global organization Understanding of culture shock and reverse culture shock models Assignments for class 6: # Reading: ## 12 & 13 from readings list

Topic 6. Groups and teams in organization (2 hrs) Class 6-1. 09.04.2008 14.45-16.15 Auditorium 410 Key points: Team role structure: basic model and its variations in different cultures (example of Russia). Types of diversity in teams. Cultural diversitys impact on teams. Conditions for high-performing multicultural teams. Management of culturally diverse teams. Learning outcomes: Understanding of multicultural teams dynamics Skills for efficient work in and management of multicultural teams

Topic 7. Leadership in organization (2 hrs) Class 6-2. 09.04.2008 16.30-18.00 Auditorium 410 Key points: Leadership as organizational and personal phenomena. New challenges for modern leaders. Contemporary shifts in efficient leadership models (as viewed by western world). Successful leadership in the context of globalization and diversity. Learning outcomes: Understanding of features that make a leader efficient in multicultural context Assignments for class 7: # Reading: ## 14 & 15 from readings list

Topic 8. Communications in organization (4 hrs) Class 7. 16.04.2008 14.45-16.15 16.30-18.00 Auditorium 403 Key points: Communication model. Key elements of communication. Cultural factors in communication. Language and culture. The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis. Language and social context. Nonverbal dimension of cross-cultural communications. Learning outcomes: Knowledge of key elements of communication process Understanding of cultural influence on communication process Awareness of students own non-verbal communication preferences Assignments for class 8: # Reading: ## 16 & 17 from readings list

Topic 9. Corporate culture (2 hrs) Class 8-1. 23.04.2008 14.45-16.15 Auditorium 403 Key points: Definitions of corporate culture. Traditional, socioconstructivist, chaos theory understanding of corporate culture. Relations between corporate and national culture. Corporate culture in multicultural settings. Dimensions of corporate culture (Hofstedes typology) Learning outcomes: Knowledge of various approaches to corporate cUnderstanding of interrelationship between corporate and national culture Knowledge of Hofstedes typology of corporate cultures

Topic 10. Organizational structure and management systems (6 hrs) Class 8-2. 23.04.2008 14.45-16.15 Auditorium 403 Key points: Influence of management system on organizational behavior. Variations in management systems (organizational structure, planning and control systems, etc.) depending on cultural context. Learning outcomes: Understanding of influence of culture on management system within a company Development of skills to analyze elements of management system through culture lenses Assignments for class 9: # Reading: ## 18, 19 & 20 from readings list to refresh readings # 5 & 6 from readings list

Class 9. 07.05.2008 14.45-16.15 16.30-18.00 Auditorium 403

Key points: Finale for the part II. Simulation game Windmills of our minds Learning outcomes: Development of skills to identify and analyze various cultural contexts involved in particular situation Assignments for class 10: # Reading: Case Oil and Wasser, B.Reimus, Harvard Business Review, May2004, Vol. 82 Issue 5, pp.33-44. (E) # Project work: Finalization of group project reports. Report submission deadline: May, 14.

Part III. Course finale. Topic 11. Organizational behavior in various cultural contexts: applied analysis (8 hrs) Class 10. 14.05.2008 14.45-16.15 16.30-18.00 Auditorium 403 Key points: Application of the course concepts to analysis of topical management issues: organizational change management, M&A management, knowledge management Analysis of cultural context: example of Russia Learning outcomes: Development of skills to identify cultural factors within various management issues analyze various cultural contexts involved in particular situation Assignments for class 11: # Reading: ## 21 & 22 from readings list 7

Project work: preparation of group project presentation. Presentations are due on May, 21.

Class 11. 21.05.2008 14.45-16.15 16.30-18.00 Auditorium 311

Key points: Presentations of students group projects Learning outcomes: Development of skills to apply course concepts to identify and analyze various cultural contexts involved in particular situation

Office hours for individual consultations:

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Tatiana Andreeva, individual consultations by email andreeva@gsom.pu.ru , face-to-face consultations by prior appointment

Calendar plan of current and final evaluation

Submission of group project topic March, 6 March, 28, printed version to be handed in class Mid-term evaluation submission of work(10.45 14.30) plus electronic version by email in-progress report andreeva@gsom.pu.ru (before 14.30) Announcement of mid-term evaluation results April, 4, by email May, 14, printed version to be handed in class Submission of final group project paper (14.45 18.00) plus electronic version by email andreeva@gsom.pu.ru (before 18.00) Presentation of group projects May, 21, 14.45 18.00 Announcement of coursework results May, 23, by email Pre-exam consultation: May, 29, 13.00 14.30 Exam: June, 2, 13.00 14.30 Announcement of exam results: June, 5, 11.00

Evaluation system
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Forms of current evaluation: work-in-progress report on group project assignment. Grading is done on passed/failed basis. Form of final evaluation: written exam Grading policy The final grading is composed as follows: o Group project 40% (within group project assessment, 70% goes to written report and 30% - to project presentation) o Final exam 60%

Required readings
Readings list is organized by course topics. There are 4 sources of the readings: GSOM library (mostly refers to chapters from books). Such readings are marked with (L) in the list of readings. EBSCO electronic database (ask in GSOM library for details). Such readings are marked with (E). Various open databases available via Internet. For such readings, internet path is indicated. Some more readings will be distributed in the class. They are marked with (H).

Part I. Introduction. Topic 1. Organizational behavior: field of research and applied discipline No special readings. Topic 2. Introduction to culture 1. Berger, P.L., Luckmann, T. Origins of institutionalization, paragraph from Society as an objective reality: 1. Institutionalization, in The Social Construction of Reality, Ch.2, 1967, London: Allen Lane The Penguin Press, pp. 70-85 (in Redding G., Stening B.W. (eds) Cross-cultural management. An Elgar Reference Collection, Cheltenham, UK, 2003. Volume I, pp.144-159). (L) NB! There are only 2 copies of this book in the library, so students are strongly advised to read/make their copy well in advance. 2. Holden N. Towards redefining cross-cultural management as knowledge management // Presentation for International Management Division American Academy of Management Meeting, August 2001. pp.1-6. (available in Copenhagen Business School Open Archive, http://ir.lib.cbs.dk/download/ISBN/x65612421x.pdf) Topic 3. Culture and organizational behavior 3. Mercado S., Welford R., Prescott K. European business, Prentice Hall, 2001. Ch.10, Frameworks for cultural analysis, pp. 435-446. (L) 4. Schneider, S., Barsoux, J.-L. Managing across cultures. Ch.3, pp. 46-75. (L) 5. Hofstede G. Motivation, Leadership and Organization: Do American Theories Apply Abroad? // Organizational Dynamics. 1980. - Summer 1980. pp. 42-63. (E) 6. Trompenaars F. Cultural factors in international management. From Handbook of management. Pp.669 684. (H) 7. McSweeney B. Hofstedes model of national cultural differences and their consequences: a triumph of faith a failure of analysis. // Human Relations. 2002. - Vol.55, 1. pp.89118. (available from http://www.it.murdoch.edu.au/~sudweeks/b329/readings/mcsweeney.doc ) 8. Hofstede G. Dimensions do not exist: A reply to Brendan McSweeney. // Human Relations. 2002. - Vol.55, 1. p.1355-1361. (available from http://www.geerthofstede.com/dimBSGH.pdf ) (E) 9. Fink G., Klling M., Neyer A.-K. The Cultural Standard Method, Wirtschaftsuniversitt Wien, Working Papers, Nr. 62, January 2005. Table 1 Overview of culture dimensions research, pp.7-8. (H) Topic 4. Culture in management sciences 10. Hofstede, G. An American in Paris: The Influence of Nationality on Organization Theories. // Organization Studies (Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG.), 1996, Vol.17, No.3, pp.525537. (E) 11. Kassem M.S. A scheme for thinking about organization theory: European and American styles from Organization theory: American and European styles.// International Studies of Management & Organization, Fall76, Vol. 6 Issue 3. P. 49. (E) 9

Part II. Key aspects of organizational behavior in cross-cultural context. Topic 5. Individual in organization 12. Earley, Ch., Mosakowski, E. Cultural Intelligence/ Harvard Business Review, October 2004, p.139-146. (E) 13. Sims, R.H.; Schraeder, M. An Examination of Salient Factors Affecting Expatriate Culture Shock.// Journal of Business & Management, Spring2004, Vol. 10 Issue 1, p73-87. (E) Topic 6. Groups and teams in organization 14. Schneider, S., Barsoux, J.-L. Managing across cultures. Ch.8, pp. 181-208. (L) Topic 7. Leadership in organization 15. Brodbeck F., Frese M. Cultural variations of leadership prototypes across 22 countries //Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. 73, 1-29,2000 (E) Topic 8. Communications in organization 16. Munter, M. Cross-cultural communication for managers. // Business Horizons, May/Jun93, Vol. 36 Issue 3, pp.69 78. (E) 17. Henderson, J.K. Language Diversity in International Management Teams // International Studies of Management & Organization, Spring2005, Vol. 35 Issue 1, pp.66-82. (E) Topic 9. Corporate culture 18. Mercado S., Welford R., Prescott K. European business, Prentice Hall, 2001. Ch.10, pp. 468 table four types of Trompenaars corporate cultures (L) Topic 10. Organizational structure and management systems 19. Schneider, S., Barsoux, J.-L. Managing across cultures. Ch.4., pp. 77-105. (L) 20. Mercado S., Welford R., Prescott K. European business, Prentice Hall, 2001. Ch.10, table culture dimension business structure corporate culture management style, pp.466. (L) Part III. Course finale. Topic 11. Organizational behavior in various cultural contexts: applied analysis 21. Cartwright, S.; Cooper, C.L. The role of culture compatibility in successful organizational marriage // Academy of Management Executive, May1993, Vol. 7 Issue 2. Pp. 57-71. (E) 22. Javidan, M.; Stahl, G.K.; Brodbeck, F.; Wilderom, C.P. Cross-border transfer of knowledge: Cultural lessons from Project GLOBE. // Academy of Management Executive, May2005, Vol. 19 Issue 2, pp.59-76. (E)

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Appendix 1 Student group project assignment

As a part of the course, students should prepare a report and presentation on particular topic. This work is done in groups. Group project description and requirements are provided below. Aim of the project work: The project is aimed to demonstrate how different aspects of employees behavior depend upon cultural contexts where they originate and are performed. Students are to prove their analytic abilities and skills to investigate the correlation between the aspects of organizational behavior and cultural features through the application of the concepts and models, compulsory and optional literature assigned for the course, Internet resources. Topic of the project work and its contents: Each group of students is to choose specific cultural context for analysis: either region/country or industry or particular company. The analysis may be based on the students personal experience as well as on information available in mass media and academic literature. For the sake of turning the project presentations and discussion into the valuable learning experience for all of the groups, as well as to ensure enough diversity among chosen companies, students should agree their choice of the company with the lecturer by March 6th at latest. Submitting your proposal (by email andreeva@gsom.pu.ru), please indicate names of all students in the group and cultural context you have chosen for analysis. The following list of questions is designed to help the students to focus their analysis: Describe chosen cultural context along different models of cultural dimensions What are specifics of group and team dynamics in this cultural context? What are specifics of leadership in this cultural context? What are specifics of organizational communications in this cultural context? What are specifics of corporate cultures in this cultural context? What are specifics of organizational design (org.structure) in this cultural context? What are specifics of management systems in this cultural context? If particular company is taken for analysis, what influences more its cultural context its national or industry cultures, cultural profiles of its leaders, professional cultures of the big groups of employees, etc.? In addition, if students feel it relevant and interesting, they may present an analysis of crosscultural issues they faced during group work over the project. Outcomes of the project work and requirements: Students are supposed to present two major outcomes of their group work: oral presentation in the class and written report. Project outcomes should contain personal opinion and reflections of the group participants on the chosen cultural context. The presentation and report should not be a replication of a text from basic textbooks. Students are strongly advised to use topical articles from business magazines or their personal experience in report preparation, and to present their own reflections and attitudes. The written report should contain description of particular problems and their analysis, including students reflections and recommendations. The report is to contain Bibliography list including Internet resources. The report is to be around 20 pages long, 12 font, 1,5 spaced, Word format. The written report is to be submitted in an electronic format. Power Point presentations slides can be added as an appendix. In their oral presentation students are advised to concentrate on most topical/interesting/ambiguous issues and their personal reflections on the situation, described in their written report. Recommended duration of presentation 10-15 minutes.

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Mid-term work-in-progress report: In order to receive some guidance through their project, as well as to qualify for mid-term evaluation, students have to submit brief work-in-progress report in the middle of the term. This report is to be around 2-3 pages long and contain the following points: brief description of the chosen cultural context and explanation, why it is of particular interest for the group description of the methods of study (personal experience or secondary data); initial students vision (and explanation) of what factors influence most development of specific characteristics of the chosen cultural context This report will be qualified for GSOM midterm student evaluation. Organizational issues and deadlines: The project groups (5-6 students per group approx.) are to be formed by the students themselves, and preferably include students with different background, both cultural and educational. The lists of the groups have to be submitted by March, 6 Group project topics (the company chosen for the analysis) should be agreed with Tatiana Andreeva by March, 6. All submissions should be made by email. Please tune your email program to ask for received receipt to ensure that your emails come through. Mid-term work-in-progress reports should be submitted by March, 28. Final dates due: written report May, 14. Oral presentation: May, 21.

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Appendix 2 Further readings

This section lists the sources that are recommended for the students who would like either to review the topic or to read more on it. These readings are not compulsory, and the list is provided solely for students information.

Topic 1. Organizational behavior: field of research and applied discipline Svyantek, D.J.; Brown, L.L. A Complex-Systems Approach to Organizations. // Current Directions in Psychological Science, Apr2000, Vol. 9 Issue 2, pp. 69-74. Topic 2. Introduction to culture Schneider, S., Barsoux, J.-L. Managing across cultures. Ch.2, pp. 19-30. Holden N.J. Cross-cultural management: a knowledge management perspective. 2002. Prentice Hall. Ch.2 (Culture: the anthropologists legacy) and Ch.3 (Some consequences of Cultures consequences), pp. 17-64. Gertsen M.C., Soederberg A.-M., Vaara E. Cultural change processes in mergers: a social constructionist perspective. Working paper, Copenhagen Business School. Pp. 9-13 only. The paragraph A social constructionist perspective on cultural change processes". (available in Copenhagen Business School Open Archive, http://ir.lib.cbs.dk/download/ISBN/x648078441.pdf) Topic 3. Culture and organizational behavior Schneider, S., Barsoux, J.-L. Managing across cultures. Ch.2, pp. 19-30. Hofstede G. Cultures Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions and Organizations Across Nations. 2001. 2ed. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA. Trompenaars F., Hampden-Turner C. Riding the waves of culture: understanding cultural diversity in business. 1997. London: Nicholas Brearley. House, R.J et al. (eds). Culture, Leadership, and Organizations: The GLOBE Study of 62 Societies. 2004. SAGE publications. More critics to Hofstede and Hofstedes replies: Goodstein L. Commentary: Do American Theories Apply Abroad? // Organizational Dynamics. 1981. - Vol.10, 1. p.49-54. Hunt J.W. Commentary: Do American Theories Apply Abroad? // Organizational Dynamics. 1981. - Vol.10, 1. p.55-62. Hofstede G. Do American Theories Apply Abroad? A Reply to Goodstein and Hunt. // Organizational Dynamics. 1981. - Vol.10, 1. p.63-68. Sondergaard M. Research note: Hofstedes consequences: a study of reviews, citations and replications. // Organization Studies. 1994. Vol.15, 3. pp. 447-456. Baskerville-Morley R.F. Hofstede never studied culture. // Accounting, Organizations & Society. 2003. - Vol. 28, 1. p. 1-14. Hofstede G. What is culture? A reply to Baskerville. // Accounting, Organizations & Society. 2003. - Vol. 28, 7/8. p. 811-813. Baskerville-Morley R.F. A research note: the unfinished business of culture. // Accounting, Organizations & Society. 2005. - Vol. 30, 4. p. 389-391. Topic 4. Culture in management sciences Boyacigiller, N.A., Adler, N.J. The parochial dinosaur: organizational science in a global context.//Academy of Management Review, Apr 1991, Vol. 16 Issue 2, pp.262-290. Osland, J.S., Bird, A. Beyond sophisticated stereotyping: Cultural sense-making in context. // Academy of Management Executive, Feb2000, Vol. 14 Issue 1, pp.65-80. 13

Usunier, J.-C. International and cross-cultural management research. SAGE Publications, London. 1998. Petersen R. International management research: looking to the future. 1993.

Topic 5. Individual in organization Earley, Ch., Ang, S. Cultural Intelligence: individual interactions across cultures. Stanford Business Books, Stanford, 2003. Triandis, H.C.; Suh, E.M. Cultural influences on personality. // Annual Review of Psychology, 2002, Vol. 53 Issue 1, pp.133-160. Paik, Y.; Segaud, B.; Malinowski, C. How to improve repatriation management. // International Journal of Manpower, 2002, Vol. 23 Issue 7, pp.635-648. Adler N. International Dimensions of Organizational Behavior, Ch.8, 9,10, pp. 257-372. Topic 6. Groups and teams in organization Adler N. International Dimensions of Organizational Behavior, Ch.5, pp.133-163. Jarvenpaa S., Ledner, D. Communication and trust in global virtual teams. // Organization Science, 1999, Vol.10, No.6, pp. 791-815. http://www.belbin.com/belbin-team-roles.htm Topic 7. Leadership in organization Adler N. International Dimensions of Organizational Behavior, Ch.6, pp.165-174 Smith, P.B.; Misumi, J.; Tayeb, M.; Peterson, M.; Bond, M. On the generality of leadership style measures across cultures. // Journal of Occupational Psychology, Jun 1989, Vol. 62 Issue 2, p97-109. Topic 8. Communications in organization Adler N. International Dimensions of Organizational Behavior, Ch.3, pp. 73-102. Kodish, B.I. What we do with language - what it does with us. // ETC: A Review of General Semantics, Winter2003/2004, Vol. 60 Issue 4, pp.383-395. Holden, Nigel. Language: Managements Lost Continent. // Cross-Cultural Management: a Knowledge Management Perspective. Prentice Hall, 2002. Ch.11., pp. 225-243. Topic 9. Corporate culture. Witte, K.D.; van Muijen, J.J. Organizational Culture: Critical Questions for Researchers and Practitioners. // European Journal of Work & Organizational Psychology, Dec99, Vol. 8 Issue 4, pp.583-595. Svyantek D.J., DeShon R.P. Organizational attractors: a chaos theory explanation of why cultural change efforts often fail.// Public Administration Quarterly. 1993. Fall. pp.339-355. Topic 10. Organizational structure and management systems Laurent A. Cultural diversity of western conceptions of management. // International Studies of Management and Organization. 1983. Vol.13, #1-2, pp. 75-96.

Topic 11. Organizational change management Marshak R. Lewin meets Confucius: a review of the OD model of change. // Journal of Applied Behavioral Science. 1993. December, Vol. 29, # 4. pp. 393 415. Nahavandi, A.; Malekzadeh, Ali R. Acculturation in Mergers and Acquisitions // Academy of Management Review, Jan1988, Vol. 13 Issue 1. Pp. 79-91.

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Glisby, M.; Holden, N. Contextual constraints in knowledge management theory: the cultural embeddedness of Nonaka's knowledge-creating company. // Knowledge & Process Management, Jan-Mar2003, Vol. 10 Issue 1, pp.29-36.

Further readings concerning organizational behavior in various cultural contexts: For country comparative analysis a useful source is Harris P.R., Moran R.T. & Moran S.V. Managing Cultural Differences: Global Leadership Strategies for the 21st Century, 6th ed., Elsevier, 2004. (Unit 2, Regional culture specifics) Europe: Viney J. The culture wars. Ch.2 United by difference: the formation of a European identity. Pp.23-43. (available in the SOM library, in the Organizational behavior in crosscultural context compendium 2005, pp. 167-178. Liberman L., Torbiorn I. Variances in staff-related management practices in eight European country subsidiaries of a global firm // International Journal of Human Resources Management. 2000. February, 37-59. Myers, A.; Kakabadse, A.; McMahon, T., Spony, G. Top management styles in Europe: implications for business and cross-national teams. // European Business Journal, 1995 1st Quarter, Vol. 7 Issue 1. pp.17-28. Segalla, M.; Fischer, L. Making Cross-cultural Research Relevant to European Corporate Integration: Old Problem-New Approach. // European Management Journal, Feb2000, Vol. 18 Issue 1, p38 51. Middle East: Schramm-Nielsen J., Faradonbeh, H.-A. Society and management in Iran. Working paper, Copenhagen Business School. 2002. 20 p. Khadra, B. The prophetic-caliphal model of leadership: an empirical study. // International Studies of Management & Organization, Fall90, Vol. 20 Issue 3. Pp.37 52. Russia and Eastern Europe: Kets De Vries, Manfred F. R. A Journey into the "Wild East": Leadership Style and Organizational Practices in Russia // Organizational Dynamics, Spring2000, Vol. 28 Issue 4. Pp.67-82. Bakacsi, G. et al. Eastern European cluster: tradition and transition. // By: Journal of World Business, Spring2002, Vol. 37 Issue 1, pp. 69 80.

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