PROJECT WORK FOR ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS 2011

Name Class Teacher No i/c

: Nur Kamila Binti Kamaruddin : 5 Bestari : Puan Fauziah : 941011-03-6290

APPRECIATION

Firstly , I would like to thank to my parent because helping me doing this project . They had supporting me in many way such providing me money to ensure this project complete successfully. They also had support me by giving advice so that I can complete this project patiently. Others , I also want to thank to my addmath teacher Puan Fauziah because helping my giving the tip to complete this project. Last but not least , thanks to my friend which help me and helping each other to ensure this project finish before the deadline.

Objective
Objective of this project : Apply and adapt of problem-solving strategies to solve problem. To prove, mathematics being using to solve daily problem. Improve thinking skill creatively . Being creative in using mathematic to solve problem. Develop positive attitude toward mathematics. Mathematic have connection around us.

Part 1
(Find out how maths is used in cake baking and cake decorating and write about your findings) Geometry To determine suitable dimensions for the cake, to assist in designing and decorating cakes that comes in many attractive shapes and designs, to estimate volume of cake to be produced, etc. Differentiation To determine minimum or maximum amount of ingredients for cake-baking, to estimate min. or max. amount of cream needed for decorating, to estimate min. or max. size of cake produced, etc. Progressions To determine total weight/volume of multistorey cakes with proportional dimensions, to estimate total ingredients needed for cake-baking, to estimate total amount of cream for decoration etc.

Part 2
(bake a 5 kg round cake for your school. given the height of cake, h and the diameter of cake,d.)

Q1) Given 1 kg cake has volume 3800cm, and h is 7cm, so find d.

Volume of 5kg cake = Base area of cake x Height of cake 3800 x 5 = (3.142)(d/2) x 7 19000/7(3.142) = (d/2) 863.872 = (d/2) d/2 = 29.392 d = 58.784 cm

Q2) Given the inner dimensions of oven: 80cm length, 60cm width, 45cm height
a) Find corresponding values of d with different values of h, and tabulate the answers. First, form the formula for d in terms of h by using the above formula for volume of cake, V = 19000, that is: 19000 = (3.142)(d/2)h 19000/(3.142)h = d/4 24188.415/h = d d = 155.53/h h 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 d 155.53 109.98 89.80 77.77 69.56 63.50 58.78 54.99 51.84 49.18

b) i) State the range of heights that is NOT suitable for the cakes and explain. h < 7cm is NOT suitable, because the resulting diameter produced is too large to fit into the oven. Furthermore, the cake would be too short and too wide, making it less attractive. b) ii) Suggest and explain the most suitable dimensions (h and d) for the cake. h = 8cm, d = 54.99cm, because it can fit into the oven, and the size is suitable for easy handling. c) i) Form a linear equation relating d and h. Hence, plot a suitable (linear, best fit) graph based on that equation. 19000 = (3.142)(d/2)h 19000/(3.142)h = d/4 24188.415/h = d d = 155.53/h d = 155.53h-1/2 log d = log 155.53h-1/2 log d = -1/2 log h + log 155.53 ii) Use the graph you've drawn to determine: (a) d when h = 10.5cm h = 10.5cm, log h = 1.021, log d = 1.680, d = 47.86cm (b) h when d = 42cm d = 42cm, log d = 1.623, log h = 1.140, h = 13.80cm

Q3) Decorate the cake with fresh cream, with uniform thickness 1cm.
(a) Estimate the amount of fresh cream needed to decorate the cake, using the dimensions you've suggested in Q2/b/ii Amount of fresh cream = VOLUME of fresh cream needed (area x height) Amount of fresh cream = Vol. of cream at the top surface + Vol. of cream at the side surface *Vol. of cream at the top surface = Area of top surface x Height of cream = (3.142)(54.99/2) x 1 = 2375 cm *Vol. of cream at the side surface = Area of side surface x Height of cream = (Circumference of cake x Height of cake) x Height of cream = 2(3.142)(54.99/2)(8) x 1 = 1382.23 cm Therefore, amount of fresh cream = 2375 + 1382.23 = 3757.23 cm b) Suggest THREE other shapes (the shape of the base of the cake) for the cake with same height (depends on the Q2/b/ii) and volume (19000cm). Estimate the amount of fresh cream (the volume) to be used for each of those cakes. 1 Rectangle-shaped base (cuboid)

19000 = base area x height base area = 19000/8 length x width = 2375 2375 = 50 x 47.5 (length = 50, width = 47.5, height = 8) Therefore, volume of cream = 2(Area of left/right side surface)(Height of cream) + 2(Area of front/back side surface)(Height of cream) + Vol. of top surface = 2(8 x 50)(1) + 2(8 x 47.5)(1) + 2375 = 3935 cm 2 Triangle-shaped base 19000 = base area x height base area = 2375 x length x width = 2375 length x width = 4750 , 4750 = 95 x 50 (length = 95, width = 50) Slant length of triangle = (95 + 25)= 98.23 Therefore, amount of cream = Area of rectangular front side surface(Height of cream) + 2(Area of slant rectangular left/right side surface)(Height of cream) + Vol. of top surface = (50 x 8)(1) + 2(98.23 x 8)(1) + 2375 = 4346.68 cm

3 Pentagon-shaped base 19000 = base area x height base area = 2375 = area of 5 similar isosceles triangles in a pentagon therefore: 2375 = 5(length x width) 475 = length x width , 475 = 25 x 19 (length = 25, width = 19) Therefore, amount of cream = 5(area of one rectangular side surface)(height of cream) + vol. of top surface = 5(8 x 19) + 2375 = 3135 cm c) Based on the values above, determine the shape that require the least amount of fresh cream to be used. Pentagon-shaped cake, since it requires only 3135 cm of cream to be used.

Part 3
(Find dimensions of 5kg ROUND cake (volume: 19000cm) that require minimum amount of cream to decorate. Use two different methods, including Calculus (differentiation/integration). Also, explain whether you would choose to bake that cake with such dimensions and give reasons why. Method 1: Differentiation Use two equations for this method: the formula for volume of cake (as in Q2/a), and the formula for amount (volume) of cream to be used for the round cake (as in Q3/a). 19000 = (3.142)rh (1) V = (3.142)r + 2(3.142)rh (2) From (1): h = 19000/(3.142)r (3) Sub. (3) into (2): V = (3.142)r + 2(3.142)r(19000/(3.142)r) V = (3.142)r + (38000/r) V = (3.142)r + 38000r-1 dV/dr = 2(3.142)r (38000/r) 0 = 2(3.142)r (38000/r) -->> minimum value, therefore dV/dr = 0

38000/r = 2(3.142)r 38000/2(3.142) = r 6047.104 = r r = 18.22 Sub. r = 18.22 into (3): h = 19000/(3.142)(18.22) h = 18.22 therefore, h = 18.22cm, d = 2r = 2(18.22) = 36.44cm Method 2: Quadratic Functions Use the two same equations as in Method 1, but only the formula for amount of cream is the main equation used as the quadratic function. Let f(r) = volume of cream, r = radius of round cake: 19000 = (3.142)rh (1) f(r) = (3.142)r + 2(3.142)hr (2) From (2): f(r) = (3.142)(r + 2hr) -->> factorize (3.142) = (3.142)[ (r + 2h/2) (2h/2) ] -->> completing square, with a = (3.142), b = 2h and c = 0 = (3.142)[ (r + h) h ] = (3.142)(r + h) (3.142)h (a = (3.142) (positive indicates min. value), min. value = f(r) = (3.142)h, corresponding value of x = r = --h)

Sub. r = --h into (1): 19000 = (3.142)(--h)h h = 6047.104 h = 18.22 Sub. h = 18.22 into (1): 19000 = (3.142)r(18.22) r = 331.894 r = 18.22 therefore, h = 18.22 cm, d = 2r = 2(18.22) = 36.44 cm I would choose not to bake a cake with such dimensions because its dimensions are not suitable (the height is too high) and therefore less attractive. Furthermore, such cakes are difficult to handle easily. Further Exploration (order to bake multi-storey cake) Given:

height, h of each cake = 6cm radius of largest cake = 31cm radius of 2nd cake = 10% smaller than 1st cake radius of 3rd cake = 10% smaller than 2nd cake etc. From question, 31, 27.9, 25.11, 22.599, (GP with a = 31, r = 9/10) a) Find volume of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th cakes. Determine whether the volumes form number pattern, then explain and elaborate on the number patterns. Use the formula for volume V = (3.142)rh, with h = 6 to get the volume of cakes. The values of r can be obtained from the progression of radius of cakes given in previous question. Radius of 1st cake = 31, volume of 1st cake = (3.142)(31)(6) = 18116.772 Radius of 2nd cake = 27.9, vol. of 2nd cake = 14674.585 Radius of 3rd cake = 25.11, vol. of 3rd cake = 11886.414 Radius of 4th cake = 22.599, vol. of 4th cake = 9627.995 18116.772, 14674.585, 11886.414, 9627.995, (it is a GP with first term, a = 18116.772 and ratio, r = T2/T1 = T3 /T2 = = 0.81)

b) Given the total mass of all the cakes should not exceed 15 kg ( total mass < 15 kg, change to volume: total volume < 57000 cm), find the maximum number of cakes that needs to be baked. Verify the answer using other methods. Use Sn = (a(1 - rn)) / (1 - r), with Sn = 57000, a = 18116.772 and r = 0.81 to find n: 57000 = (18116.772(1 (0.81)n)) / (1 - 0.81) 1 0.81n = 0.59779 0.40221 = 0.81n log0.81 0.40221 = n n = log 0.40221 / log 0.81 n = 4.322 therefore, n 4

Verifying the answer: When n = 5: S5 = (18116.772(1 (0.81)5)) / (1 0.81) = 62104.443 > 57000 (Sn > 57000, n = 5 is not suitable) When n = 4: S4 = (18116.772(1 (0.81)4)) / (1 0.81) = 54305.767 < 57000 (Sn < 57000, n = 4 is suitable)

While doing this project , my thought said that additional mathematic is a difficult subject and hard to score is totally wrong. It actually easy as

ABC if we know how to relate the uses of additional mathematic in our daily life. After finish doing this project , I have a spirit to improve my mark in this subject so that I can score a A in SPM. I also must do a lot of practice to improving my mark. Anyway, what we need just an effort. Insyaallah.