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GOTA REPORT SUBMITTED BY: Angela Kundu Mohd. Hasan Jamal Raj Jaiswal UG1 SPRING SUMMER 2010-13 Email Id: angelkundu@gmail.com Khaan_rehaan@yahoo.com Jaiswalraj.1991@gmail.com Contact No: Angela: +91 8800281714 Hasan: +91 98999359918 Raj: +91 9313471112 GOTA PROGRAM DETAILS COUNTRY VISITED: SINGAPORE (3rd May,2011 8th May,2011) COMPANIES VISITED: a. Factory Visit At NEWater b.Nanyang Technological University SEMINARS CONDUCTED: a. Investment Banking (Organization: Barclays) b.Information Age- role of Information Technology in the current context (organization: Hewlett Packard)

ABSTRACT: Singapore, the Lion City is a small, stable, highly developed country with an elected parliamentary system of government. Tourist facilities are modern and widely available. Singapores resident population of over 4.8 million inhabitants (including permanent residents and foreign workers) is comprised of 75% Chinese, 14% Malay, 9% Indian, and 2% others. English is widely spoken. Criminal penalties are strict and law enforcement rigorous. A dynamic city rich in contrast and color and there is great blend of culture, cuisine, arts and architecture here. Brimming with unbridled energy, this little dynamo in Southeast Asia embodies the finest of both East and West. Singapore is a country which never fails to charm its visitors. If one wants to explore the true Singapore he/she needs at least two weeks for the purpose. Singapore is the country that has open market policy and that is why when we can find the headquarters of almost all big business companies there. The growth rate of Singapore is worth mentioning as they have followed the growth plan that was made and that is main reason behind Singapore being the developed country and India still is a developing country. DEVELOPING TO DEVELOPED In the report we have presented the comparison between Singapore economy and Capital city (Delhi). In this we have introduced the various concepts and points that India can learn to make it better and a developed nation and what we learnt from the GOTA trip about Singapore and the strategies that they follow to maintain their growth and this is the main concept of our report. All the concepts related to Singapore included in the index are presented in comparison to Delhi. NEWater plant is also one of the topics that really need to be explained. NEWater is the brand name given to reclaimed water produced by Singapores Public Utilities Board. NEWater is treated wastewater that has been purified using dualmembrane (via micro filtration and reverse osmosis) and ultra violet technologies, in addition to conventional water treatment processes. The water is potable and consumed by humans but is mostly used for industry requiring high purity water. Mr. Toh Lee May (person in charge at NEWater visitors centre, Singapore) explained that 90% of NEWater is used by industries.

INDEX: 1. Introduction (abstract) 2. NEWater and Singapore crisis 3. NEWater SWOT analysis 4. Green and clean Singapore 5. Tourism in Singapore economy 6. Developing to developed 7. Conclusion 8. Personal learnings

NEWATER AND SINGAPORE WATER CRISIS: Until a decade ago, Singapore has only two sources of water supply: water from local catchment and Johor. Although these were adequate for their needs, the reliability of water supply was subjected to weather uncertainties. For e.g. in 1963, they experienced one of the worst droughts ever with reservoir stocks falling below 26%. For ten months they had to impose wide scale water rationing to conserve the water which was available with them. At its height water supply was cut off for twelve hours daily, all of them had to live with inconveniences. Apart from the vagaries of the weather, dependence on imported water from Malaysia had also at times been a cause of tension in bilateral disagreements; some Malaysian politicians would use water as leverage to pressure us to compromise in their favor. Experiences such as mentioned above underlined the importance and urgency of a robust and diversified water supply. It was not just a matter of having enough to drink and wash. They were developing many industries which required reliable supplies of water. Investors who were contemplating large investments needed to be sure of the long- term prospects of their water supply, and their viability as an economy. Then they have complemented their collection of fresh water with investments in R&D on NEWater and desalination. Of the two, NEWater which recycles water is more economical. NEWater may sound like an overnight success for Singapore. But its evolution is a journey that spanned 3 decades. Singapore's first water master-plan was drawn up in 1972. In 1974, PUB (Public Utilities Board) built a pilot plant to turn used water into potable water. This was the precursor of today's NEWater factories. But it was ahead of its time. The costs were astronomical and the membranes were unreliable, so the idea was shelved to await further technological advancement. In 1998, the necessary technology had matured and driven production costs down. In May 2000, the first NEWater plant was completed. By enabling the use of every drop of fresh water more than once, it has multiplied their potential water supply, hence helping to mitigate the effects of periods of extended dry spells. As NEWater is free of chemical impurities, there is a strong from the industries. For example, wafer fabs like Tech Semiconductor are major users. Similarly, petrochemical companies such as ExxonMobil and Singapore Refining Company also prefer chemically pure water. As a result, the demand for NEWater has grown 15 fold from 4 million gallons per day (or mgd) in 2003 to some 60 mgd today. In this way, NEWater plays a critical role in supporting Singapores economic growth. Because of their efforts

they have come a long way in water self-sufficiency. By 2061, they will be totally selfsufficient if there would be no new water agreement with Malaysia. So, that was how Singapore overcame the water crisis and how NEWater helped to made it self- sufficient. Let us now consider the scenario at Delhi. Water shortage at Delhi is a very common issue and around 45% of the people staying at Delhi face this problem. There are no strategies regarding the water management. The availability of drinking water is too less and so people usually consume unpurified water. Neither the government nor the people are concerned about the purity of water. At Singapore, to meet the peoples need for pure drinking water the government took worth mentioning initiatives but at Delhi, the capital city no such initiatives have been taken so far. And as we know the citizens of a nation plays a great role in making their nation a developed nation so give a thought if the people/ citizens are not healthy then how can their potential be utilized for the growth of nation. So, what we can learn from them is to develop some strategies so to resolve the issue of water availability and for that the best step is that NEWater or some other plant based on the same concept can be launched at Delhi and Delhi can also be made self sufficient when it comes to pure drinking water and then we can head towards solving the problem in whole of the India.

TOURISM IN SINGAPORE ECONOMY: Tourism in Singapore is a major industry and contributor to the Singaporean economy, attracting 11,638,663 tourists in 2010, over twice Singapore's total population. Its cultural attraction can be attributed to its cultural diversity that reflects its colonial history and Chinese, Malay, Indian and Arab ethnicities. It is also environmentally friendly, and maintains natural and heritage conservation programs. As English is the dominant one of its four official languages, it is generally easier for tourists to understand when speaking to the local population of the country, for example, when shopping. Transport in Singapore exhaustively covers most, if not all public venues in Singapore, which increases convenience for tourists. This includes the wellknown Mass Rapid Transit(MRT) system. The Orchard Road district, which is dominated by multi-story shopping centres and hotels, can be considered the center of tourism in Singapore. Other popular tourist attractions include the Singapore Zoo and Night Safari, which allows people to explore Asian, African and American habitats at night without any visible barriers between guests and the wild animals. The Singapore Zoo has embraced the 'open zoo' concept whereby animals are kept in enclosures, separated from visitors by hidden dry or wet moats, instead of caging the animals. Jurong Bird Park is another zoological garden centred around birds, which is dedicated towards exposing the public to as much species and varieties of birds from around the world as possible, including a flock of one thousand flamingos. The tourist island of Sentosa, which attracts more than 5 million visitors a year, is located in the south of Singapore, consists of about 20-30 landmarks, such as Fort Siloso, which was built as a fortress to defend against the Japanese during World War II. Guns from the World War II era can be seen at Fort Siloso, from a mini-sized to a 16 pound (7 kg) gun. Moreover, the island has built the Tiger Sky Tower, which allows visitors to view the whole of Sentosa, as well as the Sentosa Luge, a small one- or two-person sled on which one sleighs supine and feet-first. Steering is done by shifting the weight or pulling straps attached to the sled's runners. Singapore has two integrated resorts which house casinos, namely Marina Bay Sands and Resorts World Sentosa. TOURISM STATISTICS Singapore attracted a record 11,638,663 million visitors according to the Singapore Tourism Board's statistics, but which excludes Malaysian visitors who visited Singapore via the Causeway or the Second Link. This was a 20.2% increase over 2009, reversing two years of negative growth due to theglobal financial crisis of 2008-2009. Total visitor days were a record 44.9 million days, a growth of 17.1%, or an average of 3.86 days per visitor. 22.3% of visitors were day-trippers (less than one day), 19.7% stayed for one day, 17.6% stayed for two days, 14.7% for three days, and the rest for 4

days and above. 76.0% of visitors arrived by air, 10.9% by sea, and 13.2% by land. The largest age group of visitors was from 25-34 years old at 22.7% of visitors, followed by 21.8% for those aged 35-44 and 17.9% for those from 45-54 years old. Over half (53%) of visitors came from the five biggest markets, namely Indonesia (2,305,149), People's Republic of China (1,171,337), Malaysia (1,036,918), Australia (880,486) and India (828,903). Other major markets include the Philippines (544,344), Japan (528,817), the United Kingdom (461,714), Thailand (430,022) and the United States of America (416,990). Tourism receipts was estimated to reach S$18.8 billion in 2010, a growth of 49% compared to 2009, with Shopping and Sightseeing/Entertainment accounting for 21% of total expenditure each, Accommodation making up 19%, and Food and Beverage another 10%. Medical receipts, representing the medical-tourism industry the country was trying to promoted, contributed 5%. In particular, Sightseeing/Entertainment, which included expenditure at the two new Integrated Resorts, grew by 1,834%. Gazette hotel room revenue was estimated at S$1.9 billion, an increase of 21.8% over 2009. The overall average occupancy rate was at 86%, 9.8% more than 2009, with the Economy tier seeing the largest increase of 15.6%. Overall average room rate was atS$212, an increase of 12.2%, while the overall revenue per available room was S$182, an increase of 26.6% over 2009.

GREEN AND CLEAN SINGAPORE: Singapore goes along with the tag line green Singapore clean Singapore. The people of Singapore are not only conscious about their country being clean but at the same time want it to be green as well. The country had very less rainfall during the initial years but with time the people realized the importance of plantation and started to grow more trees all around the country. Singapore being such a small island it didnt take much time for the people to complete this task. Now Singapore is green all around and that not only helps the country in looking beautiful but at the same time brings in a lot of rainfall to the nation. The plants help in photosynthesis which helps in bringing the rainfall. The serenity and calmness is beautifully maintained in Singapore by the greenery. Singapore is very strict about its rules and regulations, its like you commit a crime you have to pay a hefty fine. The roads are clean and paperless due to the law which makes the people aware of the fines. The government takes such initiatives to maintain the beauty of the country. There are policemen who are dressed in civil uniform to check on the people who try abiding the law. The crime record is also very less in the country which shows the importance of the law. The people who indulge in crimes are pretty aware of the terms that they can face in the court. The comparison with the scenario the capital New Delhi in terms of green and clean has a huge difference. The people here are more conscious about themselves rather than caring about the state. The greenery is very less which results in low rainfall in the state. The scenic beauty is less harmonious to the eyes. The big difference which comes in between Singapore and Delhi is the rules and regulations about how to keep the city clean. The Indian people are least concerned about the beauty of the nation and dont just know what a dustbin exactly looks like. Papers and plastic are thrown all around the streets without being fined. The government of India must take the initiatives to improve the laws and implement hefty fines to people doing the offence. The people should participate more into the cause and lend their helping hands to make this a success. The availability of dustbins should be more in the streets so that the people can throw the waste in it and not on the streets. Learning has no end, Singapore may be a small island but we got many things to learn from it. The most important aspect is the people participate more actively in Singapore to keep their country green and clean. Its high time the Indians realize the same and try to keep the states more clean and green. Its only the people who can bring in the change and maintain harmony.

PERSONAL LEARNINGS: The GOTA trip was a learning step for young students like us. The trip had all the possible aspects covered; it not only made us see the culture of Singapore but also the strict rules and laws that are implemented there. The government of Singapore plays a vital role in uplifting the society with the true support of their people. The commitment of the people is outstanding in all the fields. The GOTA trip also had other interesting aspects such as the company visits to NEWater, NTU University and also guest lecture from Barclays and HP. The visit to NEWater was one of a life time experience, the technology used is just amazing. The dirty water is purified and used for various purposes, mostly for industrial uses and also for drinking. The greatest achievement of the people of Singapore is the use of the rain water. The people can also drink the tap water which save them from using any water purifier at home. This is a US based technology that the Singapore government has applied. The people are greatly benefitted through this act. The NTU University was also a true venue for students from all over the world. It brings in cultural mix and different people from different community. The NTU has a world class studying facility and a huge campus. The visit was really satisfying and the interaction with the students there was very knowledgeable. The guest lecture from Barclays and HP really brought in a touch of the corporate world. The professor from Barclays explained all about the company profile and came up with few interesting financial solutions which got us all excited. HP also shared all the company details, its working the secrets to success and importantly gave us a morale booster. Last but not the least, the GOTA trip also made us realize that Singapore being such a small island has already made a huge impact in the international market for himself. The people are very hardworking and with high confidence. The economy of Singapore is high at the present, and they are still in the process of raising their standards more high. The Indian government has lot to learn from such small islands countries. The success of a country lies not in the hands of government but with the people itself. The people need to realize the importance of its nation and lend their helping hand when required. The GOTA trip has brought in a lot of changes in us, we are more conscious about using the dustbins and also safeguarding public transport. The only way to overcome such crisis is to implement hefty fines to the person accused of such crimes and spread the message all around the nation.

NEWater SWOT ANALYSIS: SWOT analysis is a strategic planning method used to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats involved in a project or in a business venture. It involves specifying the objective of the business venture or project and identifying the internal and external factors that are favorable and unfavorable to achieve that objective. The technique is credited to Albert Humphrey, who led a convention at Stanford University in the 1960s and 1970s using data from Fortune 500 companies. A SWOT analysis must first start with defining a desired end state or objective. A SWOT analysis may be incorporated into the strategic planning model. Strategic Planning has been the subject of much research.
   

Strengths: characteristics of the business or team that give it an advantage over others in the industry. Weaknesses: are characteristics that place the firm at a disadvantage relative to others. Opportunities: external chances to make greater sales or profits in the environment. Threats: external elements in the environment that could cause trouble for the business.

Identification of SWOTs is essential because subsequent steps in the process of planning for achievement of the selected objective may be derived from the SWOTs. NEWater: Strengths: At Singapore there was a time when there was a great water crisis and at that time NEWater was launched which came out to be a great success. So, NEWater is one of its kinds when we talk about water purification plants at Singapore. Although so many foreign brands for pure drinking water has invested at Singapore and tried to change the statistics related to the use of NEWater at Singapore but still NEWater holds strong place as almost 90% of the NEWater is consumed by the industries at Singapore and moreover NEWater has a positive aspect over other brands and that is the reliability of people on NEWater. People at Singapore prefer NEWater so this is the strength for NEWater. The following are the hallmark features of our organization: Backed by a qualified team of acumen and pro-active employees as well as advanced machineries

Products embedded with latest revolutionary features Production unit installed with the modern technology and facilities Enhancement of products both in quality and innovation Competitive prices--the best price offered in the market. With NEWater Solutions get unlimited ultra fresh, delicious drinking water for drinking, cooking, ice & coffee making, baby-formula, pet feeding, beauty washing and dietary/medical uses....... WEAKNESSES: The central issue of the NEWater project was the requirement for a transition from currently prevailing regimes of river basin water management to more adaptive regimes in the future. This transition calls for a highly integrated water resources management concept. NEWater identified the following key elements of the water management system: governance, sectoral integration, scales of analysis, information management, infrastructure, finance, and risk mitigation. Research focused on processes of transition of these elements to more adaptive processes of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). The development of concepts and tools that guide an integrated analysis and support a stepwise process of change in water management was the cornerstone of research activities in the NEWater project. OPPORTUNITIES: NEWater has produced more than 200 deliverables. A synthesis of the deliverables guided to the following 12 products: 1. The prototype of the Management and Transition Framework including databases on management processes, learning processes and a general system description for several basins. 2. The Uncertainty Guidance providing insights on how different types of uncertainty can be approached in adaptive management processes. 3. A synthesis of those NEWater results addressing the burning policy issues related to uncertainty, stakeholder participation and global (climate) change. 4. A climate and water adaptation book providing insights into various adaptation strategies for climate change. 5. An evaluation of water resources scenarios for the case study regions taking up the most recent results of climate development simulations. 6. A comparison of adaptation strategies across regions addressing the differences in awareness of and strategies for climate change.

7. The description of a process for analyzing dynamic vulnerability and adaptive capacity. 8. A special issue on participation presenting the diversity of participatory approaches for research and management. For more details see Ecology and Society Online Journal (http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/issues/view.php?sf=43). 9. The NEWater Guidebook on Adaptive Water Management explaining benefits and outcomes of, as well as lessons learned from making the transition to adaptive water management. 10. A special section on Adaptive Water Management was integrated into the WISERTD portal (http://wise-rtd.info/) providing additional access to all the main NEWater outcomes. 11. A CD with training material to build capacity among those who train the water managers. 12. The Online teaching curriculum providing academic instructors with teaching materials on the theme of adaptive river basin management. So, from above mentioned information of NEWater we can see it has increased the percentage of profits by investing in foreign markets. THREATS: So many foreign companies with same services are investing at Singapore so in that case for NEWater using some more modified methods is very important and also they need to emphasis on their R&D practices.Singapore offers liberal market policies to foreign investors so this is one of the factor that can act opposite to NEWater.