AGRON - 111

PRINCIPLES OF AGRONOMY AND AGRICULTURAL METEOROLOGY

3(2+1)

Theory: Meaning and Scope of Agronomy; National and International Agricultural Research Institutes and Agricultural Universities of India; Agroclimatic zones of India and Rajasthan. Classification of crops; Tillage; Sowings; Planting geometry; Crop stand establishment and its effects on growth and yield; Cropping systems; Harvesting, threshing and winnowing Agrometeorology, weather and climate, micro-climate, weather elements; Earths atmosphere: composition and structure; solar radiation: nature, properties, depletion, solar constant and energy balance; Atmospheric temperature: factors affecting, horizontal and vertical distribution variations, global warming; Air pressure: Variations; Wind: Factors affecting cyclones and anticyclones and general circulation; Atmospheric humidity: vapor pressure and saturation, process of condensation, formation of dew, fog, mist, snow, rain and hail; Formation and classification of clouds; Introduction to monsoon ; Basics of weather forecasting. Practical: Study of tillage implements; Practice of ploughing and puddling; Study of seeding equipments and different methods of sowing; Study of manures, green manure crops; Seed & fertilizers calculations; Study of intercultivation equipments and practice; Study of fertilizer application methods and practice; Participation in on going field operations at Instructional Farm; Site selection for Agromet observatory and installation of instruments; Measurement of Atmospheric and Soil temperature; Measurement of rainfall, evaporation, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, solar radiation and wind direction and velocity; Study of weather forecasting and synoptic charts. Suggested Readings: 1. Lal, D.S.2005. Climatology, Sharda Pustak Bhawan, Allahbad 2. Sahu, D.D.2003. Agrometeorology and Remote Sensing: Principles and Practices, Agrobios (India), Jodhpur 3. Varshneya, M.C. and Balakrishana, Pillai, P.2003. Textbook of Agricultural Meteorology, ICAR, New Delhi 4. Balasubramaniyan, P. and Palaniappan, S.P.2001. Principles and Practices of Agronomy, Agrobios (India), Jodhpur 5. Reddy, S.R. 2004. Principles of Agronomy, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana 6. Reddy, S.R.2000. Principles of Crop Production, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana 7. ICAR. 2006. Handbook of Agriculture, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi 8. iksjoky] ch- ,y-] flag] iq"isUnz ,oe~ 'kekZ] Mh- Mh- 2000- lL; foKku ds ewy rRo] ds- ih- izdk'ku] mn;iqj

AGRON -121 Theory:

WEED MANAGEMENT

2 (1+1)

Weeds: Introduction, harmful and beneficial effects, classification, propagation, dissemination and persistence; Weed biology and ecology: crop weed association, crop weed competition and allelopathy; Concepts of weed prevention, control and eradication; Methods of weed control: physical, cultural, chemical and biological; Integrated weed management; Herbicides: advantages and limitations of herbicide use in India; Classes of herbicides, formulations, methods of application; Introduction to Adjuvants and their use in herbicides; Introduction to selectivity of herbicides; Weed management in major cereals, pulses, oilseeds, fibre and forage crops; Problematic weeds and their control viz.Parthenium hysterophorus, Cynodon dactylon, Orobanche and Striga . Practical: Identification of weeds; Survey of weeds in crop fields and other habitats; Preparation of weed herbarium; Determination of weed density and intensity; Physical weed control; Calculations on weed control efficiency and weed index; Herbicide label information; Computation of herbicide doses; Study of herbicide application equipment and calibration; Demonstration of methods of herbicide application; Preparation of list of commonly available herbicides; Study of phytotoxicity symptoms of herbicides in different crops and weeds; Biology of weeds; Economics of weed control practices; Tours and visits of problem areas. Suggested Readings: 1. Gupta, O.P.2005. Weed Management: Principles and Practices (2nd Ed.), Agribios (India), Jodhpur. 2. Gupta, O.P.2002. Modern Weed Management, Agribios (India), Jodhpur. 3. Rao, V.S. 2000. Principals of Weed Science (2nd Ed.), Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi. 4. Saraswat, V.N., Bhan, V.M. and Yaduraju, N.T.2003. Weed Management, ICAR, New Delhi.

AGRON - 122 Theory:

WATER MANAGEMENT

3(2+1)

Importance of water in plants; Irrigation: definition and objectives; Water resources and irrigation development in India and Rajasthan; Forms of soil water and soil moisture constants; Methods of soil moisture determination, evapotranspiration and crop water requirement; Scheduling of irrigation; Methods of irrigation: surface, sprinkler and drip irrigation; Irrigation efficiency and water use efficiency; Irrigation water quality and its management; Conjunctive use of water; Water management of different crops viz. rice, wheat, maize, sugarcane, and important pulses and oilseed crops; Agricultural drainage. Practical: Determination of bulk density by field method; Determination of soil moisture content by gravimetric method, tensiometer, electrical resistance block and neutron moisture meter; Determination of field capacity by field method; Determination of permanent wilting point; Measurement of irrigation water through flumes and weirs; Calculation of irrigation water requirement (Problems); Demonstration of irrigation methods viz. surface, sprinkler and drip methods; Calculation of irrigation efficiency; Acquaintance and upkeep of sprinkler and drip irrigation systems; Visit to farmers field and cost estimation of drip irrigation system; Determination of EC, pH, and Ca ++ + Mg++ of irrigation water Suggested Readings:
1. Lenka, D.1999. Irrigation and Drainage. Kalyani Publishers, L.D.H., New Delhi.

2. Michael, A.M.1987. Irrigation: Theory and Practice, Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi. 3. Mishra, R.D. and Ahmed, M. 1987. Manual on Irrigation Agronomy, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 4. Parihar, S.S., and Sandhu B.S.1987. Irrigation of Field Crops Principles and Practices, ICAR, New Delhi. 5. Reddy, S.R. 2000. Principles of Crop Production, Kalyani Pub. , New Delhi.

ENVS - 121

ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

3(2+1)

Unit 1: The Multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies: Environmental studies: Definition, nature and Scope; Need for public awareness, measures to create awareness for healthy environment. Unit 2:Natural Resources: Renewable and non-renewable sources: National resources: Definition, types and conservation; Forest resources: Use and over exploitation, deforestation, case study, Timber extraction, mining, dams and their effects on forests and tribal people; Water resources: Uses and over utilization of surface and ground water, floods, drought, conflicts over water, dams benefits and problems; Mineral resources: Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using mineral resources, case studies; Food resources: World food problems, changes caused by agriculture and overgrazing, effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems, water logging, salinity, case studies; Energy resources: Growing energy needs, renewable and non-renewable energy sources use of alternate energy sources. Case studies; Land resources: Land as a resource, land degradation, man induced landslides, soil erosion and desertification; Role of an individual in conservation of natural resources. Equitable use of resources for sustainable lifestyles. Unit 3. Ecosystem: Concept of ecosystem; Structure and function of an ecosystem, Producers, consumers and decomposers; Energy flow in the ecosystem. Ecological succession; Food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids; Introduction, types, characteristics features, structure and function of Forest ecosystem; Grassland ecosystem,; Desert ecosystem and Aquatic ecosystems. Unit 4:Biodiversity and its conservation: Biodiversity definition and types; Biogeographical classification of India; Value of biodiversity: consumptive use, productive use, social ethical, and aesthetic and option value; Biodiversity at global, national and local levels; India as a mega-diversity nation, Hot-spots of biodiversity; Threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts; Endangered and endemic species of India; Conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and Ex-situ conservation of biodiversity. Unit5: Environmental pollution: Definition, causes, effects and control measures of: Air pollution, Water pollution, Soil pollution and Marine pollution, Noise pollution, Thermal pollution and Nuclear hazards; Solid waste management: Causes, effects and control measures of urban and industrial wastes; Role of an individual in prevention of pollution. Pollution case studies; Disaster management: floods, earthquake, cyclone and landslides. Unit 6:Social issues and the environment: From unsustainable to sustainable development. Urban problems related to energy; Water conservation, rainwater harvesting, and watershed management; Resettlement and rehabilitation of people; its problems and concerns, Case studies; Environmental ethics: Issues and possible solutions; Climatic change, global warming, acid rain ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust, Case studies; Wasteland reclamation. Consumerism and waste products; Environment Protection Act, Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, Wildlife Protection Act. Forest Conservation Act; Issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation; Public awareness.

Unit 7: Human Population and the Environment: Population growth, variation among nations; Population explosion Family Welfare Programme; Environment and human health, Human Rights; Value education, HIV/ Aids; Women and Child Welfare; Role of Information Technology in Environment and human health, Case studies. Unit 8:Fieldwork: Visit to a local area to document environmental assetsriver/forest/grassland/hill/mountain; Visit to a local polluted site Urban/Rural/Industrial/Agricultural; Study of common plants, insects, birds; Study of simple ecosystems-pond, river, hill slopes, etc. Suggested Readings: 1. Bamaniya, B.R., Verma, L. N. and Verma A. 2005. Fundamentals of Environmental Studies, Yash Publishing House, Bikaner. 2. Rathore, N. S. and Singh, Pratap 2004. Environmental Studies, Himanshu Publishing House, New Delhi. 3. Choudhary, B.L. and Pandey, J. 2004. Environmental Studies, Apex Publishing House, Udaipur. 4. pkS/kjh] ch- ,y- ,oa ikaMs] ftrsUnz- 2004- i;kZoj.k

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AGRON - 211 Theory:

FIELD CROPS-I (KHARIF)

3(2+1)

Study of following crops with reference to their importance; Origin; Geographic distribution and production in Rajasthan and India; Soil and climatic requirements; varieties; Cultural practices viz .Seed and sowing; Intercultural operations; Fertilizer, water and weed management; Plant protection measures; Harvesting and yield. Pearl millet, Sorghum, Maize, Rice, Groundnut, Soybean, Pigeonpea and Cotton. Study of package of practices of the following crops: Minor millets, Urdbean, Mothbean, Cowpea, Mungbean, Clusterbean, Sunflower, Sunnhemp, Castor, Sesame and Napier; Bio energy crops viz. Jatropha and Jojoba. Practical: Identification of seeds and crops of kharif season & others inputs; Seed bed preparation and sowing of kharif crops ; Calculations on seed rate; Effect of seed size on germination and seedling vigour of soybean/ groundnut; Preparation of seed material for sowing; Fertilizer application in various crops and study of Fertilizer experiments; Plant protection measures; Irrigation operation in various crops; Weed control in kharif crop and study of weed control experiments; Judging physiological maturity of various crops; Study of yield attributing characters and yield calculations in kharif crops; Crop harvesting and processing; Working out cost of production of two crops; Calculation of harvest index; Study of crop varieties and important agronomic experiments; Study of forage experiments. Suggested Readings: 1. Singh, Chhidda, Singh, Prem and Singh, Rajbir.2003. Modern Techniques of Raising Field Crops, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi. 2. Singh, S.S.1998. Crop Management Under Irrigated and Rainfed Conditions. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Singh, S.S.1993. Principles and Practices of Agronomy, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi. Rathore, P.S. 2000. Techniques and Management of Field Crop Production, Agrobios (India), Jodhpur. Prasad, Rajendra 2002. Text Book of Field Crop Production, ICAR, New Delhi. ICAR. Handbook of Agriculture 2006. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi

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AGRON - 221 Theory:

FIELD CROPS-II (RABI)

3(2+1)

Study of following crops with reference to their importance; Origin; Geographic distribution and production in Rajasthan and India; Soil and climatic requirements; varieties; Cultural practices viz .Seed and sowing; Intercultural operations; Fertilizer, water and weed management; Plant protection measures; Harvesting and yield: Wheat, Barely, Rapeseed and mustard, Chickpea, Sugarcane, Potato and. Berseem, Lucerne Study of package of practices of the following crops: Linseed, Safflower, Sugarbeet, Lentil, Frenchbean, and Oats. An introduction to the importance and cultivation of Medicinal & aromatic plants viz. Isabgol, Opium poppy, Mentha, Lemon grass, Citronella and Palma rosa. Practical: Identification of seeds and crops of rabi season; Seed bed preparation and sowing of rabi crops; Calculations on seed rate; Preparation of seed material for sowing; Fertilizer application in crops and study of fertilizer experiments; Irrigation and plant protection measures; Weed flora and there control measure and study of weed control experiment; Judging physiological maturity of various crops; morphological characteristics of wheat, sugarcane, chickpea and mustard; Judging sugarcane maturity and quality test; Crop harvesting and processing; Calculation of harvest index, Working out cost of production of two crops; Crop distribution in the state and region, Important Agronomic experiments of rabi crops; Visit to research stations related to rabi crops. Suggested Readings: 1. Singh, Chhidda, Singh, Prem and Singh, Rajbir 2003. Modern Techniques of Raising Field Crops. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi. 2. Singh, S.S.1998. Crop Management Under irrigated and Rainfed Conditions Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi 3. Singh, S.S., 1993. Principles and Practices of Agronomy, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi. 4. Rathore, P.S. 2000.Techniques and Management of Field Crop Production, Agrobios (India), Jodhpur. 5. Prasad, Rajendra 2002. Text Book of Field Crop Production, ICAR, New Delhi. 6. Prajapati, N.D., Purohit, S.S., Sharma, A.K. and Kumar, T. 2003. A Handbook of Medicinal Plants: A Complete Source Book, Agrobios (India), Jodhpur 7. ICAR, 2006 & 1980. Handbook of Agriculture, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi

8. Kumar, N., Kader Md. Abdul, JBM, Rangaswami, P. and Irulappam, I. 1997. Introductin to Spices, Plantation Crops, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi

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AGRON - 311 Practical:

PRACTICAL CROP PRODUCTION-I (KHARIF CROPS)

1(0+1)

Crop planning; Raising field crops in multiple cropping systems: field preparation, seed treatment, sowing, Nutrient, water and weed management; Management of insect, pest and diseases of crops; Harvesting, threshing, drying, winnowing, storage and marketing of produce; Preparation of balance sheet including cost of cultivation, net return per student as well as per team of a group of student. Suggested Readings: 1. Yawalkar, K.S., Agarwal, J.P. and Bokde, S. 1992. Manures and Fertilizers, AgriHorticultural Pub. House, Nagpur. 2. Balasubramaniyan, P. and Palaniappan, S. P.2001. Principles and Practices of Agronomy, Agrobios (India), Jodhpur. Reddy, S. R., 2004. Principles of Agronomy, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana. Singh, S.S., 1993. Principles and Practices of Agronomy, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.

AGRON - 312 Theory:

FARMING SYSTEMS AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE

2(1+1)

Farming systems: definition, principles, scope and components; IFS models for wetland, irrigated, and dryland situations; Components of Farming systems; Interactions among components of different enterprises; Resource management under constrained situations; Low cost and non monetary inputs particularly for wasteland and problematic soils. Sustainable agriculture: Introduction, definition, goal and current concepts; Indices of sustainability; Emerging issues fro present day technologies; Factors affecting ecological balance; Ameliorative measures and management practices for sustainable agriculture viz. soil, water sources, rain water and integrated pest management; Land degradation and conservation of natural resources; LEISA, LEIA & HEIA; Irrigation problems, waste lands and their development. Practical: Preparation of cropping scheme for irrigated situations; Preparation of cropping scheme for dryland situations; Study of existing farming systems in nearby villages; Preparation of integrated farming system model for wetlands; Preparation of integrated farming system model for drylands; Preparation of enriched Farm Yard Manure; Preparation of Vermicompost; Visit to urban waste recycling unit; Study of profitable utilization of agricultural wastes; Visit to poultry and dairy units to study resource allocation, utilization and economics; Visit to an organic farm to study various components and utilization; Study of degraded lands. Suggested Readings: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Panda, S.C.2004. Cropping Systems and Farming Systems, Agrobios (India), Jodhpur Sharma, Arun K. 2002. A Handbook of Organic Farming, Agrobios (India) Ltd., Jodhpur Balasubramaniyan, P. and Palaniappan, S.P. 2004. Principles and Practices of Agronomy, Agrobios (India), Jodhpur. Shukla, Rajeev K. 2004. Sustainable Agriculture, Surbhee Publications, Jaipur Palaniappan, S.P.1985. Cropping Systems in the Tropics: Principles and Management, Wiley Easter Ltd. and TNAU, Coimbatore. Reddy S. R. 2004. Principles of Agronomy, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana. Palaniappan, S.P. and Sivaraman, K. 1996. Cropping system in Tropics, New International Pvt. New Delhi.

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AGRON - 313

ORGANIC FARMING

3 (2+1)

Theory: Introduction, concept, relevance in present context and future prospects; Organic production requirements; Principles, objectives and components of organic farming; Biological intensive nutrient management-organic manures, composting, vermicomposting, green manuring, recycling of organic residues, biofertilizers; Soil improvement and amendments; Integrated diseases and pest management use of biocontrol agents, biopesticides pheromones, trap crops, bird perches; Weed management; Quality considerations, certification, labeling and accreditation processors, marketing, exports. Practical: Aerobic and anaerobic methods of compost making, , Techniques of treating legume seeds with Rhizobium culture, Use of Azotobacter, Azospirillum and PSB culture in field crops; Raising of crops organically through nutrient, diseases and pest management; vermicomposting; vegetable and ornamental nursery raising; macro quality analysis, grading, packaging, post harvest management; Visit to organic farm. Suggested Readings: 1. Dhama, A.K. 1999. Organic Farming, Agro Botanica, Bikaner 2. Sharma, Arun K.2002. A Handbook of Organic Farming, Agrobios (India), Jodhpur 3. Palaniappan, S.P. and Anandurai, K.1999. Organic Farming Theory and Practice, Scientific Pub. Jodhpur 4. Thapa, U and Tripathy, P. 2006. Organic Farming in India: Problems and Prospects, Agrotech, Publising Academy, Udaipur. 5. 'kekZ] v:.k ds- 2005. tSfod [ksrh & fl)kUr] rduhd o

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AGRON - 321 Practical:

PRACTICAL CROP PRODUCTION-II (RABI CROPS)

1(0+1)

Crop planning; Raising field crops in multiple cropping systems: field preparation, seed treatment, sowing, Nutrient, water and weed management; Management of insect, pest and diseases of crops; Harvesting, threshing, drying, winnowing, storage and marketing of produce; Preparation of balance sheet including cost of cultivation, net return per student as well as per team of a group of student. Suggested Readings: 1. Yawalkar, K.S., Agarwal, J.P. and Bokde, S. 1992. Manures and Fertilizers, Agri-Horticultural Pub. House, Nagpur. 2. Balasubramaniyan, P. and Palaniappan, S. P.2004. Principles and Practices of Agronomy, Agrobios (India), Jodhpur. Reddy, S. R. 2002. Principles of Agronomy, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana. Singh S.S. 1993. Principles and Practices of Agronomy, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.

AGRON - 322

INTRODUCTORY AGRICULTURE (ANCIENT HERITAGE, AGRICULTURAL SCENARIO AND GENDER EQUITY IN AGRICULTURE)

1(1+0)

Theory: Art, Science and business of crop production, Basic elements of crop production; Factors affecting crop production; History of Agricultural Development; Ancient India Agriculture in Civilization Era, Chronological Agricultural Technology development in India. Indian Agriculture, balance sheet, liabilities; Assets and Contrasting trends (DATA), Agricultural growth, Diversity in physiography, Soil groups, marine, livestock and water; Liabilities: Soil factors, weather factors, Economic ecology, dry and irrigation agriculture, value addition, requirements in new technology; Women in Agriculture: multifaceted roles and tasks, work stress factors, Nutritional and rural life standards, role in house hold design making, drudgery reduction for farm women, women friendly agricultural technology; Empowerment of women; Group dynamics for farm women, rural women; The nucleus of Agricultural Extension and Training. Suggested Readings: 1. ICAR, 2006. Handbook of Agriculture, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi 2. Morachan, Y.B. 1989. Crop Production and Management, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi 3. Verma, S. 1992. Women in Agriculture (A Socio-economic Analysis), Concept Publication Company, New Delhi 4. Randhawa, M.S. 1980. A History of Agriculture in India Vol. I, ICAR, New Delhi 5. Randhawa, M.S. 1982. A History of Agriculture in India Vol. II, ICAR, New Delhi 6. Randhawa, M.S. 1983. A History of Agriculture in India Vol. III, ICAR, New Delhi 7. Randhawa, M.S. 1986. A History of Agriculture in India Vol. IV, ICAR, New Delhi 8. Choudhary, S.L. Sharma, G.S. And Nena, Y.L. (Ed.) 2000. Ancient and Medieval History of Indian Agriculture, Proceedings of the Summer School held from 28 May-17 June, 1999. Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur