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The recent earthquake in Gujarat has added The structure is located in seismic resistant structures, it is necessary to see
to the growing concern and challenges to zone IV or V some of the important clauses of IS 13920
civil and structural engineers to design and governing it but which differ from IS 456.
The structure is located in seismic
construct safe structures, able to withstand For flexural members, like beams and
zone III and has the importance
earthquake forces. Apart from high stand- lightly loaded columns (that is when
factor (I) greater than 1.0
ards of construction that are required for ultimate axial stress in concrete is less than
these structures, by use of appropriate The structure is located in seismic 0.1 x characteristic compressive strength of
specifications, good quality materials cou- zone III and is an industrial concrete, fck), the spacing of stirrups shall
pled with strict supervision, the other im- structure not exceed d/4 or 100 mm minimum for a
portant aspect is the application of right distance of 2d from supports, and d/2 for
standards for the design of earthquake-re- The structure is located in seismic the remaining portion, where d is the
sistant structures. The recent publication zone III and is more than 5-storey effective depth of beam. This requirement
of IS 456 : 2000, which is the key code for high is very much at variance with the minimum
the design of all reinforced concrete (RC) By referring to the list of important cities spacing of 0.75d as per IS 456.
structures, has added new dimensions to and towns of India given in IS 1893 : 1984,
the present scenario, and its relevance in it is noticed that nearly 70 percent of these As per IS 13920, lap splices in flexural
designing earthquake-resistant structures fall under the seismic zones of III and above, members are not to be provided:
is to be seen in true perspective1. The fol- which include big capital cities like Kolkata,
lowing observations are made from the within a joint,
Mumbai, Delhi, Ahmedabad, Chandigarh,
point of view of a structural design engi- etc. The exceptions among the capital cities, within a distance of 2d from the
neer. which do not fall under this category are joint face, and
Bangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad , Jaipur
As in the earlier 1978 version of IS 456 within a quarter length of the
and Bhopal. This indicates a broad
clause 19.4 under the heading Loads and member.
spectrum of structures in the country that
forces, refers to IS 1893 : 1984 for the fall under the category that need to be Not more than 50 percent of the bars
calculation of earthquake forces2. Further,
are to be spliced at one location. These
in clause 26.1.2 under the heading
requirements on lapping arrangement of
Requirements governing reinforcement
bars would involve careful preparation of
and detailing, the IS 456:2000
When nearly 70 percent of detailed reinforcement drawings.
recommends the use of IS 13920 : 1993
and IS 4326 : 1993 for detailing of important cities fall under The details shown in Fig 1 for the
earthquake-resistant constructions 3,4. seismic zone III and above, IS anchorage of beam bars in an external joint
Besides, there is Table 18 for the partial is too much to be desired, as it is very much
safety factors for the earthquake effects, 456: 2000 cannot ignore the ineffective in cases of beams with large
to be used in the limit state method, and a importance of special detailing. diameter bars to be anchored in to a column
clause for 33.33 percent increase in of smaller depth, for reasons given below.
permissible stresses in the working-stress In Fig 1 of the code, Ld + db located both at
method. Apart from these limited top and bottom of beam, are shown with a
references and guidelines, IS 456 : 2000 has designed and detailed as earthquake- 90 0 bend. In practice, many engineers
not dwelled much on the earthquake- resistant, as per IS 13920, and there are provide the required development length
resistant structures. several thousands of these structures in by just adding horizontal dimension from
the capital cities alone located in seismic the inner face of column and vertical
In IS 1893, there is a map of India
zone III and above. When this requirement downward/upward dimension of the bar
showing five seismic zones, and also a list
is of such a large magnitude, IS 456 : 2000 near the outer face, without considering the
giving the names of important cities and
cannot ignore the importance of special limitation of bearing stress at inner bends
towns of India with their seismic zone
detailing for these structures, and refers to of bars as per clause 26.2.2.5 of
number. The IS 13920 mentions under the
IS 13920 by just one clause in the code. IS 456 : 2000. It is observed that in the case
heading Scope that the provisions of this
Instead, the clause 26.1.2 of IS 456 : 2000 of small size columns with large diameter
code shall be adopted in all RC structures
should have listed out the four categories beam bars, the standard radius of bend in
which satisfy one of the following four
of structures given in IS 13920 for this bar equal to 2 x φ diameter for mild steel
conditions.
purpose. bars or 4 x φ diameter for high-yield
strength deformed (HYSD) bars, usually
N. Prabhakar BE CEng (I) MIStructE (UK) MIE (Ind), In order to assess the importance of provided as per IS 2502, would not be
Chartered Structural Engineer, Structural Consult- reinforcement detailing for earthquake- adequate for the purpose. A larger radius
ant
aspect of construction by merely referring 3. _____ Indian standard code of practice for ductile 6. SOMERVILLE, G. and TAYLOR, H.J.P. The influence
to another code. detailing of reinforced concrete structures subjected of reinforcement detailing on the strength of
to seismic forces, IS 13920 : 1993, Bureau of Indian concrete structures, The Structural Engineer,
Standards, New Delhi. Journal of the Institution of Structural Engineers,
References London, UK, January 1972, No.1, Vol. 50.
1. _____ Indian standard code of practice for plain 4. _____ Indian standard code of practice for earthquake
and reinforced concrete, IS 456 : 2000, Bureau of resistant design and construction of Buildings, IS 7. CHEUNG, P.C. PAULAY T. and PARK, R. Behaviour
Indian Standards, New Delhi. 4326 : 1993, Bureau of Indian Standards, New of beam-column joints in seismically-loaded RC
Delhi. frames, The Structural Engineer, Journal of the
2. _____ Criteria for earthquake resistant design of Institution of Structural Engineers, London, UK,
structures, IS 1893 : 1984, Bureau of Indian 5. _____ Criteria for design of RCC staging of overhead 20 April 1993, No.8, Vol. 71.
Standards, New Delhi water tanks, IS 11682 : 1985, Bureau of Indian
Standards, New Delhi.