1) Sample program for pl/sql block declare x number:=10; y number:=20; begin z:=x+y; dbms_output.

put_line('Addition Result is-->' z); end; / 2) Program for take run time values declare x number:=&x; y number:=&y; begin z:=x+y; dbms_ouput.put_line(z); end; / 3) Program for if condition delcare x number:=&x; y number:=&y; begin if x < y then dbms_output.put_line('y is big'); else dbms_output.put_line('x is big'); end if; end; 4) Program for do while declare i number:=1; begin loop dbms_output.put_line(i); i:=i+1; exit when i>=100; end loop; end; / 5) Program for " while loop" decalre i number:=1; begin while i<=100 loop dbms_output.put_line(i); i:=i+1; end loop; end; /

6) Program for "For Loop" delcare x number:=1; begin for k in x..100 loop dbms_output.put_line(x); end loop; end; / 7) Program for "For loop in reverse" declare x number:=1; begin for x in reverse x..100 loop dbms_output.put_line(x); end loop; end; / 8) Program for select ename from employee table based on empid declare eid number:=&eid; enam varchar2(20); begin select ename in to enam where empId=eid; dbms_output.put_line('employee name is--->' enam); end; / 9) Program for select studentname,studentfee from student based student id and w ith variables as table's data types only. declare studId Student.sid%type:=&sid; stuName Student.sname%type; stuFee Student.sfee%type; begin select sname,sfee into stuName,stuFee from Student where sid=studId; dbms_output.put_line('Student Name is-->' sname); dbms_output.put_line('Student Fee is-->' sfee); end; / 10) Write a procedure for adding two numbers . create or replace procedure KishAdd(x number(6),y number(6)) as z number:=0; begin z:=x+y; dbms_output.put_line('The KishAdd procudere result is--> z); end; / 11) write a function for adding two numbers and return the result back

create or replace function KisAddFun(x number(5),y number(6)) return number as z number:=0; begin z:=x+y; return z; end; / -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SQL Commands :----------------create table student(sid number(5),sname varchar2(20),sfee number(5),sloc varcha r2(20)); insert into student values('1','sai',1000,'hyd'); //for one row command insert into student values(&sid,'&sname',&sfee,'&sloc'); //for insert multiple r ows at a time alter table student add column sdob varchar2(20); //adding new column to existi ng table alter table student modify sname varchar2(50); //modifying the column size to mo re means 20 to 50 alter table student drop column sfee; //removing the column from student table alter table student rename sloc to studLocation ; // renaming the old columnname to new column name deltee from student; // for all rows deleted delete from student where sid=1; //perticular student record is deleted truncate table student; // all rows at a time deleted from table but structure i s exists. update student set sname='kishore' where sid=1; //updating the new values based on new values. update student set sname='kishore' ; //no condition so all rows updated in tabl e student rename student to students; //changed the table name student to students select * from student; // u will get error because above command for changed th e table name select * from students; // u will get all the information of student table select sid,sname from student; //selecing perticular columns select * from student where sid=1; //selecting only satisfied rows only select * from student where sname like 'K%' ; //selecting the records whose name starts with k. '%' means later k may have any no of characters

select * from student where sname like 'K_%; //selecting the records whose name starts with k. '_' means later k only one letter. so one '_' for one char. -----------------------------------------------------------------Agreegate functions :-----------------------select sum(sid),min(sid),max(sid),avg(sid),variance(sid),stddev(sid) from studen t; select sqrt(4) from student; // same as select sqrt(4) from dual; //dual is tabl e for execute the functions Char functions :----------------select chr(90),ascii('k'),substr('kishore',2),substr('kishore',3,5),replace('kis hore','k','t') from dual; select concate('Kishore',chepuri'),lower('KISHORE'),upper('kishore'),length('kis hore') from dual r student r any table name; Date Functions :-----------------select months_between('1-aug-11','1-jun-11'),add_months('1-aug-2011',3),last_day ('1-aug-2011'),next_day('18-aug-2011','thursday') from dual;