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Sultan Sharif-ul Hashim originated Sulu local governance and public ...

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saturday, september 15. 2007

Sultan Sharif-ul Hashim originated Sulu local governance and public administration
By Datu Albi Ahmad Julkarnain Chairman, Council of Royal Datus (Second of a series)
Sulu Tarsila accounts that the Sultanate of Sulu political theory did not start with the idea of a nation-state per se, but only with the option that the Muslim Ummah or villages thinly scattered around the mainland of Sulu and nearby islands must possesses a leadership. The leadership must ultimately be derived from a divine source. The primary purpose of the local governance and public administration of the Sultanate of Sulu was for the raayats or adherents to make possible ibadat (the dutiful worship to God) and adherence to the Islamic and Adat laws. The Muslim Ummah must be safeguarded against outsiders, especially from non-Muslims. It must create the proper condition for worship and safeguard the internal order of the Muslim Ummah against disharmony and disloyalty. And that the Sultanate of Sulu should always strong enough to completely insure these goals as unifying ideals. The leadership of Sulu Sultanate was symbolized in the dejure Sultan as both a charismatic person united with divine authority to rule the people of Sulu Archipelago. The duly constituted reigning Sultan can properly claim to have the authority of sovereignty and unity of leadership under the divine guidance of Allah or God. The empowered Sultan of Sulu Sultanate is the trunk of the Islamic Faith (pu-unan sin agama), he being the highest religious official and head of both the ecclesiastical and state. The Raayats or adherents have absolutely no conception of state apart from the reigning Sultan of Sulu Sultanate. The Islamic political ideology is with the understanding that the reigning Sultan is the one who replaced the Prophet (halip-ul rasul) and his behavior should ideally live up to the standard of the Prophet (Nabi). The Sulu Tarsila accounts in Hijrah Calendar that on the 24th day of Jumadil Awal, 808 A.H., which is equivalent to November 17, 1405 C.E., Sayeed Abubakar established the Sultanate of Sulu at Buansa village, Lupah Sug (Sulu) and he assumed the first Sultan of the realm under the royal name of Sultan Sharif-ul Hashim. Sulu Sultanate was the first political institution in Sulu Archipelago. The acceptance of Sulu Sultanate government by the people of Sulu and their respective chiefs suggested that Islam religion and its principles must have already been widespread practiced by them. Soon after, Sulu Sultanate increased contact, both political and commercial with other Islamic countries in Southeast Asia which transformed Sulu Sultanate government into a part of Darul-Salam of other ancient Malay Kingdoms. Sultan Sharif-ul Hashim united his people under the banner of Islam. Consequently, Unity replaced tribal division, Love replaced hatred between the coastal people called Tau-Higad with the hinderland inhabitants of Sulu mainland called Guimbahanon or Buranon, Cooperation replaced hostility. The Sultanate of Sulu became the unifying factor in an environment surrounded by troubles and wars. The administration of Sultan Sharif-ul Hashim centralized the administrative functions of government in the mainland of Sulu by dividing into five districts, namely, Parang Pansul, Lati, Gitung and Luuk. Each administrative district was headed by a Panglima. These districts were again divided into smaller divisions and administered by subordinate chiefs. Sultanate of Sulu was framed by Sultan Sharif-ul Hashim on the same principles of Arabian Sultanate. The Sultanates government was in conformity with the Islamic principles and modified local custom and tradition practices. A code of laws was promulgated and written to preserve these laws and to serve as guide in the administration of Sulu Sultanate government. The challenge of Sulu Sultanate facing now lies in maintaining the UNITY established by the first Sultan of Sulu Sultanate. So many persons have proclaimed themselves as Sultan of Sulu Sultanate. These are the Sultans as published in the local newspaper, referred as Sultans rule without kingdom. The people of Sulu Archipelago will soon proclaim the dejure Sultan of Sulu Sultanate base on traditional Rule of Succession.
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