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Chemistry Testing Cardiac Enzymes and Proteins Discussion of Cardiac Enzymes Serum Electrolytes Blood Groups and Transfusions Body Fluid Lab Tests Select Organ Function Blood Tests STD and HIV Blood Tests Arterial Blood Gas Interpretation Select Diagnostic Tests References Post Examination Exit to Menu

Blood Chemistry Testing

Blood chemistry testing is defined simply as identifying the numerous chemical substances found in the blood. The analysis of these substances will provide clues to the functioning of the major body systems. Most nurses are concerned with the fact th many blood chemistry tests are performed on the serum derived from whole blood. Serum, of course, is the liquid remaining after whole blood has clotted in the sample tube. Some blood chemistry tests are performed on other parts of blood as well. Many laboratories now use automated electronic systems, such as the Sequential Multiple Analyzer (SMA) 12/60 and the Sequential Multiple Analyzer with Computer (SMAC). These machines are used for blood chemistry procedures, blood banking, serological procedures, and bacteriologic procedures. studies rapidly, economically, and comprehensively. abnormalities and indicate the need for additional tests.

The SMA 12/60 can make 12 determinations on 60 serum specimens in one hour. SMAC can perform 20 to 40 biochemical determinations on 120 serum specimens in one hour. The SMAC can perform complete blood chemistry profiles in a short time an on very little blood. Prior to taking the blood sample, the nurse should inform the patient about the test(s) be performed and the preparation for the test. You should: 1. 2. 3. 4. define and explain the test state the specific purpose of the test explain the procedure discuss test preparation, procedure, and posttest care

Some of the more common tests require no special preparation. chemistry tests will have specific requirements such as dietary restrictions or medication restrictions. For some tests, such as hormones, stress should be avoided prior to the test. Be sure to inform the patient of any special preparation prior to the venipuncture and any posttest care needed.

Cardiac Enzymes and Proteins

Introduction: Enzymes are proteins in the body and they act as catalysts. which change chemical reactions and rates of these reactions in the body. presence, reactions are either slowed or speeded.

Enzymes are found in all body cells and in other places in the body. discussion to the cardiac enzymes, we are referring to the enzymes released into the bloodstream during myocardial damage. These enzymes can be used in the diagnosis of an MI. These blood tests are considered blood chemistry tests. them here as a separate chapter because they are so unique. The term isoenzyme will also be used in this section. Isozyme) is an enzyme that may appear in multiple forms, with slightly different

Isozyme) is an enzyme that may appear in multiple forms, with slightly different