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OPA227

OPA 4 OPA 227 OPA 2


OPA 42 27

227

227

OPA2227 OPA4227

OPA2

27

OPA2

227

OPA228
OPA2228 OPA4228

SBOS110A MAY 1998 REVISED JANUARY 2005

High Precision, Low Noise OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS


FEATURES
q LOW NOISE: 3nV/Hz q WIDE BANDWIDTH: OPA227: 8MHz, 2.3V/s OPA228: 33MHz, 10V/s q SETTLING TIME: 5s (significant improvement over OP-27) q q q q q q HIGH CMRR: 138dB HIGH OPEN-LOOP GAIN: 160dB LOW INPUT BIAS CURRENT: 10nA max LOW OFFSET VOLTAGE: 75V max WIDE SUPPLY RANGE: 2.5V to 18V OPA227 REPLACES OP-27, LT1007, MAX427

DESCRIPTION
The OPA227 and OPA228 series op amps combine low noise and wide bandwidth with high precision to make them the ideal choice for applications requiring both ac and precision dc performance. The OPA227 is unity-gain stable and features high slew rate (2.3V/s) and wide bandwidth (8MHz). The OPA228 is optimized for closed-loop gains of 5 or greater, and offers higher speed with a slew rate of 10V/s and a bandwidth of 33MHz. The OPA227 and OPA228 series op amps are ideal for professional audio equipment. In addition, low quiescent current and low cost make them ideal for portable applications requiring high precision. The OPA227 and OPA228 series op amps are pin-for-pin replacements for the industry standard OP-27 and OP-37 with substantial improvements across the board. The dual and quad versions are available for space savings and perchannel cost reduction. The OPA227, OPA228, OPA2227, and OPA2228 are available in DIP-8 and SO-8 packages. The OPA4227 and OPA4228 are available in DIP-14 and SO-14 packages with standard pin configurations. Operation is specified from 40C to +85C.
OPA4227, OPA4228 Out A In A 1 2 A D 12 11 10 B In B 6 7 DIP-14, SO-14 C 9 8 In C Out C +In D V +In C 3 4 5 14 13 Out D In D

q OPA228 REPLACES OP-37, LT1037, MAX437 q SINGLE, DUAL, AND QUAD VERSIONS

APPLICATIONS
q q q q q q q DATA ACQUISITION TELECOM EQUIPMENT GEOPHYSICAL ANALYSIS VIBRATION ANALYSIS SPECTRAL ANALYSIS PROFESSIONAL AUDIO EQUIPMENT ACTIVE FILTERS

q POWER SUPPLY CONTROL


SPICE model available for OPA227 at www.ti.com
OPA2227, OPA2228
OPA227, OPA228

+In A V+

Out A
Trim In +In V 1 2 3 4 DIP-8, SO-8 NC = Not Connected 8 7 6 5 Trim V+ Output NC

1 2 3 4 DIP-8, SO-8 A B

8 7 6 5

V+
+In B

In A +In A V

Out B In B
Out B

+In B

Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters.

Copyright 1998-2005, Texas Instruments Incorporated

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SPECIFICATIONS: VS = 5V to 15V
OPA227 Series
At TA = +25C, and RL = 10k, unless otherwise noted. Boldface limits apply over the specified temperature range, TA = 40C to +85C. OPA227P, U OPA2227P, U PARAMETER OFFSET VOLTAGE Input Offset Voltage VOS OTA = 40C to +85Cver Temperature vs Temperature dVOS/dT vs Power Supply PSRR TA = 40C to +85C vs Time Channel Separation (dual, quad) INPUT BIAS CURRENT Input Bias Current TA = 40C to +85C Input Offset Current TA = 40C to +85C NOISE Input Voltage Noise, f = 0.1Hz to 10Hz Input Voltage Noise Density, f = 10Hz en f = 100Hz f = 1kHz Current Noise Density, f = 1kHz in INPUT VOLTAGE RANGE Common-Mode Voltage Range Common-Mode Rejection TA = 40C to +85C INPUT IMPEDANCE Differential Common-Mode OPEN-LOOP GAIN Open-Loop Voltage Gain TA = 40C to +85C TA = 40C to +85C FREQUENCY RESPONSE Gain Bandwidth Product GBW Slew Rate SR Settling Time: 0.1% 0.01% Overload Recovery Time Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise THD+N OUTPUT Voltage Output TA = 40C to +85C TA = 40C to +85C Short-Circuit Current Capacitive Load Drive POWER SUPPLY Specified Voltage Range Operating Voltage Range Quiescent Current (per amplifier) TA = 40C to +85C TEMPERATURE RANGE Specified Range Operating Range Storage Range Thermal Resistance SO-8 Surface Mount DIP-8 DIP-14 SO-14 Surface Mount Specifications same as OPA227P, U. AOL VCM CMRR (V)+2 120 120 CONDITION MIN TYP 5 VS = 2.5V to 18V MAX 75 2 2 OPA227PA, UA OPA2227PA, UA OPA4227PA, UA MIN TYP 10 MAX 200 UNITS V V V/C V/V V/V V/mo V/V dB nA nA nA nA nVp-p nVrms nV/Hz nV/Hz nV/Hz pA/Hz V dB dB || pF || pF dB dB dB dB MHz V/s s s s % V V V V mA

0.1
0.2 0.2 110

0.5

100 0.6

0.3

200 2

dc f = 1kHz, RL = 5k

IB IOS

2.5 2.5

10 10

10 10

90 15 3.5 3 3 0.4 (V+)2 138

VCM = (V)+2V to (V+)2V

VCM = (V)+2V to (V+)2V VO = (V)+2V to (V+)2V, RL = 10k VO = (V)+3.5V to (V+)3.5V, RL = 600 132 132 132 132

107 || 12 109 || 3 160 160

G = 1, 10V Step, CL = 100pF G = 1, 10V Step, CL = 100pF VIN G = VS f = 1kHz, G = 1, VO = 3.5Vrms RL = RL = RL = RL = 10k 10k 600 600 (V)+2 (V)+2 (V)+3.5 (V)+3.5

8 2.3 5 5.6 1.3 0.00005 (V+)2 (V+)2 (V+)3.5 (V+)3.5

ISC CLOAD VS IQ IO = 0 IO = 0

45 See Typical Curve 5 2.5 15 18 3.8 4.2 +85 +125 +150 150 100 80 100

3.7

V V mA mA C C C C/W C/W C/W C/W

JA

40 55 65

OPA227, 2227, 4227 OPA228, 2228, 4228


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SBOS110A

SPECIFICATIONS: VS = 5V to 15V
OPA228 Series
At TA = +25C, and RL = 10k, unless otherwise noted. Boldface limits apply over the specified temperature range, TA = 40C to +85C. OPA228P, U OPA2228P, U PARAMETER OFFSET VOLTAGE Input Offset Voltage VOS OTA = 40C to +85Cver Temperature vs Temperature dVOS/dT vs Power Supply PSRR TA = 40C to +85C vs Time Channel Separation (dual, quad) INPUT BIAS CURRENT Input Bias Current TA = 40C to +85C Input Offset Current TA = 40C to +85C NOISE Input Voltage Noise, f = 0.1Hz to 10Hz Input Voltage Noise Density, f = 10Hz en f = 100Hz f = 1kHz Current Noise Density, f = 1kHz in INPUT VOLTAGE RANGE Common-Mode Voltage Range Common-Mode Rejection TA = 40C to +85C INPUT IMPEDANCE Differential Common-Mode OPEN-LOOP GAIN Open-Loop Voltage Gain TA = 40C to +85C TA = 40C to +85C FREQUENCY RESPONSE Minimum Closed-Loop Gain Gain Bandwidth Product GBW Slew Rate SR Settling Time: 0.1% 0.01% Overload Recovery Time Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise THD+N OUTPUT Voltage Output TA = 40C to +85C TA = 40C to +85C Short-Circuit Current Capacitive Load Drive POWER SUPPLY Specified Voltage Range Operating Voltage Range Quiescent Current (per amplifier) TA = 40C to +85C TEMPERATURE RANGE Specified Range Operating Range Storage Range Thermal Resistance SO-8 Surface Mount DIP-8 DIP-14 SO-14 Surface Mount Specifications same as OPA228P, U. AOL VCM CMRR (V)+2 120 120 CONDITION MIN TYP 5 VS = 2.5V to 18V MAX 75 2 2 OPA228PA, UA OPA2228PA, UA OPA4228PA, UA MIN TYP 10 MAX 200 UNITS V V V/C V/V V/V V/mo V/V dB nA nA nA nA nVp-p nVrms nV/Hz nV/Hz nV/Hz pA/Hz V dB dB || pF || pF dB dB dB dB V/V MHz V/s s s s % V V V V mA

0.1
0.2 0.2 110

0.5

100 0.6

0.3

200 2

dc f = 1kHz, RL = 5k

IB IOS

2.5 2.5

10 10

10 10

90 15 3.5 3 3 0.4 (V+)2 138

VCM = (V)+2V to (V+)2V

VCM = (V)+2V to (V+)2V VO = (V)+2V to (V+)2V, RL = 10k VO = (V)+3.5V to (V+)3.5V, RL = 600 132 132 132 132

107 || 12 109 || 3 160 160

G = 5, 10V Step, CL = 100pF, CF =12pF G = 5, 10V Step, CL = 100pF, CF =12pF VIN G = VS f = 1kHz, G = 5, VO = 3.5Vrms RL = RL = RL = RL = 10k 10k 600 600 (V)+2 (V)+2 (V)+3.5 (V)+3.5

5 33 11 1.5 2 0.6 0.00005 (V+)2 (V+)2 (V+)3.5 (V+)3.5

ISC CLOAD VS IQ IO = 0 IO = 0

45 See Typical Curve 5 2.5 15 18 3.8 4.2 +85 +125 +150 150 100 80 100

3.7

V V mA mA C C C C/W C/W C/W C/W

JA

40 55 65

OPA227, 2227, 4227 OPA228, 2228, 4228


SBOS110A

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ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS(1)


Supply Voltage .................................................................................. 18V Signal Input Terminals, Voltage ........................ (V) 0.7V to (V+) +0.7V Current ....................................................... 20mA Output Short-Circuit(2) .............................................................. Continuous Operating Temperature .................................................. 55C to +125C Storage Temperature ..................................................... 65C to +150C Junction Temperature ...................................................................... 150C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) ................................................. 300C NOTE: (1) Stresses above these ratings may cause permanent damage. Exposure to absolute maximum conditions for extended periods may degrade device reliability. (2) Short-circuit to ground, one amplifier per package.

ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE SENSITIVITY


This integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD. Texas Instruments recommends that all integrated circuits be handled with appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper handling and installation procedures can cause damage. ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation to complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits may be more susceptible to damage because very small parametric changes could cause the device not to meet its published specifications.

PACKAGE/ORDERING INFORMATION
For the most current package and ordering information, see the Package Option Addendum located at the end of this datasheet, or refer to our web site at www.ti.com.

OPA227, 2227, 4227 OPA228, 2228, 4228


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SBOS110A

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES


At TA = +25C, RL = 10k, and VS = 15V, unless otherwise noted.

OPEN-LOOP GAIN/PHASE vs FREQUENCY 180 160 140 120


AOL (dB)

OPEN-LOOP GAIN/PHASE vs FREQUENCY 0 180 160 140 120


Phase () AOL (dB)

OPA227
G

20 40 60 80

OPA228

20 40

60
Phase ()

100 80 60 40 20 0 20 0.01 0.10 1 10 100 1k

100 80 60 40 20 0 20 0.01 0.10 1 10 100 1k

80

100 120 140 160 180 200 10k 100k 1M 10M 100M

100 120 140 160 180 200 10k 100k 1M 10M 100M

Frequency (Hz)

Frequency (Hz)

POWER SUPPLY AND COMMON-MODE REJECTION RATIO vs FREQUENCY 140 120

INPUT VOLTAGE AND CURRENT NOISE SPECTRAL DENSITY vs FREQUENCY 100k

PSRR, CMRR (dB)

100 80 60 40 -20 0 0.1 1 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M Frequency (Hz) +PSRR PSRR

Voltage Noise (nV/Hz) Current Noise (fA/Hz)

+CMRR

10k Current Noise

1k

100

10

Voltage Noise

1 0.1 1 10 100 1k 10k Frequency (Hz)

TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION + NOISE vs FREQUENCY 0.01 VOUT = 3.5Vrms 0.01

TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION + NOISE vs FREQUENCY VOUT = 3.5Vrms

OPA227

OPA228

THD+Noise (%)

0.001

THD+Noise (%)

0.001

0.0001

G = 1, RL = 10k

0.0001

G = 1, RL = 10k

0.00001 20 100 1k Frequency (Hz) 10k 20k

0.00001 20 100 1k Frequency (Hz) 10k 50k

OPA227, 2227, 4227 OPA228, 2228, 4228


SBOS110A

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TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES (CONT)


At TA = +25C, RL =10k, and VS = 15V, unless otherwise noted.

INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE vs TIME


140

CHANNEL SEPARATION vs FREQUENCY

Channel Separation (dB)

120

50nV/div

100

80 Dual and quad devices. G = 1, all channels. Quad measured Channel A to D, or B to C; other combinations yield similiar or improved rejection. 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M

60

40

1s/div

Frequency (Hz)

VOLTAGE NOISE DISTRIBUTION (10Hz) 24

OFFSET VOLTAGE PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION 17.5 15.0


Percent of Amplifiers (%)

Typical distribution of packaged units.

Percent of Units (%)

16

12.5 10.0 5.5 5.0 2.5

0 0 3.16 3.25 3.34 3.43 3.51 3.60 3.69 3.78

0
150 135 120 105 90 75 60 45 30 15 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150

Noise (nV/Hz)

Offset Voltage (V)

OFFSET VOLTAGE DRIFT PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION 12 Typical distribution of packaged units.

WARM-UP OFFSET VOLTAGE DRIFT 10 8


Offset Voltage Change (V)

Percent of Amplifiers (%)

6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8

0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5

10 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Time from Power Supply Turn-On (s)

Offset Voltage Drift (V)/C

OPA227, 2227, 4227 OPA228, 2228, 4228


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SBOS110A

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES (CONT)


At TA = +25C, RL = 10k, and VS = 15V, unless otherwise noted.

AOL, CMRR, PSRR vs TEMPERATURE 160 150 CMRR AOL

AOL, CMRR, PSRR vs TEMPERATURE 160 150


AOL, CMRR, PSRR (dB)

AOL CMRR

AOL, CMRR, PSRR (dB)

140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 75 PSRR

140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 PSRR

OPA227

OPA228

50

25

25

50

75

100

125

60 75

50

25

25

50

75

100

125

Temperature (C)

Temperature (C)

INPUT BIAS CURRENT vs TEMPERATURE 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 60
Short-Circuit Current (mA)
60 50 40

SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT vs TEMPERATURE

Input Bias Current (nA)

+ISC 30 20 10 0 75

ISC

40 20

20

40

60

80

100 120 140

50

25

25

50

75

100

125

Temperature (C)

Temperature (C)

QUIESCENT CURRENT vs TEMPERATURE 5.0 18V 15V 12V 10V 5V 3.5 2.5V 3.8

QUIESCENT CURRENT vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE

Quiescent Current (mA)

Quiescent Current (mA)

4.5

3.6

4.0

3.4

3.2

3.0

3.0

2.5 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Temperature (C)

2.8 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Supply Voltage (V)

OPA227, 2227, 4227 OPA228, 2228, 4228


SBOS110A

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TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES (CONT)


At TA = +25C, RL = 10k, and VS = 15V, unless otherwise noted.

SLEW RATE vs TEMPERATURE 3.0 12

SLEW RATE vs TEMPERATURE

OPA227
2.5 Slew Rate (V/V) 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 75 50 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 Temperature (C) RLOAD = 2k CLOAD = 100pF Positive Slew Rate Slew Rate (V/V) Negative Slew Rate 10 8 6 4 2 0

OPA228

RLOAD = 2k CLOAD = 100pF 75 50 25 0 25 50 75 100 125

Temperature (C)

CHANGE IN INPUT BIAS CURRENT vs POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE 2.0 1.5 1.0 Curve shows normalized change in bias current with respect to VS = 10V. Typical IB may range from 2nA to +2nA at VS = 10V. IB (nA) 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 15

CHANGE IN INPUT BIAS CURRENT vs COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE Curve shows normalized change in bias current with respect to VCM = 0V. Typical IB may range from 2nA to +2nA at VCM = 0V.

IB (nA)

0.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 Supply Voltage (V)

VS = 15V

VS = 5V

10

10

15

Common-Mode Voltage (V)

SETTLING TIME vs CLOSED-LOOP GAIN 100 15 VS = 15V, 10V Step CL = 1500pF RL = 2k 14


Output Voltage Swing (V)

OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING vs OUTPUT CURRENT V+ (V+) 1V (V+) 2V 125C 85C 25C 40C 55C (V+) 3V

13 12 11 10 10 11 12 13 14 15 85C 125C 40C 25C

Settling Time (s)

OPA227
10 0.01% 0.1%

OPA228
0.01% 0.1%

55C (V) +3V (V) +2V (V) +1V V

1 1 10 Gain (V/V) 100

10

20

30

40

50

60

Output Current (mA)

OPA227, 2227, 4227 OPA228, 2228, 4228


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SBOS110A

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES (CONT)


At TA = +25C, RL = 10k, and VS = 15V, unless otherwise noted.

MAXIMUM OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs FREQUENCY 30 VS = 15V 25


Output Voltage (Vp-p)
70

SMALL-SIGNAL OVERSHOOT vs LOAD CAPACITANCE

OPA227
60 50

OPA227
Gain = +10

Overshoot (%)

20 15 10 5 0 1k 10k 100k Frequency (Hz) 1M 10M VS = 5V

40 30 20 10 0 1 10 100 1k 10k 100k Load Capacitance (pF) Gain = +1 Gain = 1 Gain = 10

LARGE-SIGNAL STEP RESPONSE G = 1, CL = 1500pF

SMALL-SIGNAL STEP RESPONSE G = +1, CL = 1000pF

OPA227

OPA227

25mV/div

2V/div

5s/div

400ns/div

SMALL-SIGNAL STEP RESPONSE G = +1, CL = 5pF

OPA227

25mV/div

400ns/div

OPA227, 2227, 4227 OPA228, 2228, 4228


SBOS110A

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TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES (CONT)


At TA = +25C, RL = 10k, and VS = 15V, unless otherwise noted.

MAXIMUM OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs FREQUENCY 30 25


Output Voltage (Vp-p)

SMALL-SIGNAL OVERSHOOT vs LOAD CAPACITANCE 70

VS = 15V

OPA228
60 50

OPA228

Overshoot (%)

20 15 10 5 0 1k 10k 100k Frequency (Hz) 1M 10M VS = 5V

G = 100 40 30 G = +100 20 G = 10 10 0 1 10 100 1k 10k 100k Load Capacitance (pF)

LARGE-SIGNAL STEP RESPONSE G = 10, CL = 100pF

SMALL-SIGNAL STEP RESPONSE G = +10, CL = 1000pF, RL = 1.8k

OPA228

OPA228

200mV/div

5V/div

2s/div

500ns/div

SMALL-SIGNAL STEP RESPONSE G = +10, CL = 5pF, RL = 1.8k

OPA228

200mV/div

500ns/div

10

OPA227, 2227, 4227 OPA228, 2228, 4228


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SBOS110A

APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
The OPA227 and OPA228 series are precision op amps with very low noise. The OPA227 series is unity-gain stable with a slew rate of 2.3V/s and 8MHz bandwidth. The OPA228 series is optimized for higher-speed applications with gains of 5 or greater, featuring a slew rate of 10V/s and 33MHz bandwidth. Applications with noisy or high impedance power supplies may require decoupling capacitors close to the device pins. In most cases, 0.1F capacitors are adequate. OFFSET VOLTAGE AND DRIFT The OPA227 and OPA228 series have very low offset voltage and drift. To achieve highest dc precision, circuit layout and mechanical conditions should be optimized. Connections of dissimilar metals can generate thermal potentials at the op amp inputs which can degrade the offset voltage and drift. These thermocouple effects can exceed the inherent drift of the amplifier and ultimately degrade its performance. The thermal potentials can be made to cancel by assuring that they are equal at both input terminals. In addition: Keep thermal mass of the connections made to the two input terminals similar. Locate heat sources as far as possible from the critical input circuitry. Shield op amp and input circuitry from air currents such as those created by cooling fans. OPERATING VOLTAGE OPA227 and OPA228 series op amps operate from 2.5V to 18V supplies with excellent performance. Unlike most op amps which are specified at only one supply voltage, the OPA227 series is specified for real-world applications; a single set of specifications applies over the 5V to 15V supply range. Specifications are assured for applications between 5V and 15V power supplies. Some applications do not require equal positive and negative output voltage swing. Power supply voltages do not need to be equal. The OPA227 and OPA228 series can operate with as little as 5V between the supplies and with up to 36V between the supplies. For example, the positive supply could be set to 25V with the negative supply at 5V or vice-versa. In addition, key parameters are assured over the specified temperature range, 40C to +85C. Parameters which vary significantly with operating voltage or temperature are shown in the Typical Performance Curves. OFFSET VOLTAGE ADJUSTMENT The OPA227 and OPA228 series are laser-trimmed for very low offset and drift so most applications will not require external adjustment. However, the OPA227 and OPA228 (single versions) provide offset voltage trim connections on pins 1 and 8. Offset voltage can be adjusted by connecting a potentiometer as shown in Figure 1. This adjustment should be used only to null the offset of the op OPA227, 2227, 4227 OPA228, 2228, 4228
SBOS110A 0.1F

V+

Trim range exceeds offset voltage specification

20k 2 7 1 8

OPA227
3 4 6 OPA227 and OPA228 single op amps only. Use offset adjust pins only to null offset voltage of op amp. See text.

0.1F V

FIGURE 1. OPA227 Offset Voltage Trim Circuit. amp. This adjustment should not be used to compensate for offsets created elsewhere in the system since this can introduce additional temperature drift. INPUT PROTECTION Back-to-back diodes (see Figure 2) are used for input protection on the OPA227 and OPA228. Exceeding the turn-on threshold of these diodes, as in a pulse condition, can cause current to flow through the input protection diodes due to the amplifiers finite slew rate. Without external current-limiting resistors, the input devices can be destroyed. Sources of high input current can cause subtle damage to the amplifier. Although the unit may still be functional, important parameters such as input offset voltage, drift, and noise may shift.
RF 500

OPA227 Input +

Output

FIGURE 2. Pulsed Operation. When using the OPA227 as a unity-gain buffer (follower), the input current should be limited to 20mA. This can be accomplished by inserting a feedback resistor or a resistor in series with the source. Sufficient resistor size can be calculated: RX = VS/20mA RSOURCE where RX is either in series with the source or inserted in the feedback path. For example, for a 10V pulse (VS = 10V), total loop resistance must be 500. If the source impedance is large enough to sufficiently limit the current on its own, no additional resistors are needed. The size of any external resistors must be carefully chosen since they will increase noise. See the Noise Performance section of this data sheet for further information on noise calculation. Figure 2 shows an example implementing a currentlimiting feedback resistor.

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INPUT BIAS CURRENT CANCELLATION The input bias current of the OPA227 and OPA228 series is internally compensated with an equal and opposite cancellation current. The resulting input bias current is the difference between with input bias current and the cancellation current. The residual input bias current can be positive or negative. When the bias current is cancelled in this manner, the input bias current and input offset current are approximately equal. A resistor added to cancel the effect of the input bias current (as shown in Figure 3) may actually increase offset and noise and is therefore not recommended.
Conventional Op Amp Configuration
R2 R1

NOISE PERFORMANCE Figure 4 shows total circuit noise for varying source impedances with the op amp in a unity-gain configuration (no feedback resistor network, therefore no additional noise contributions). Two different op amps are shown with total circuit noise calculated. The OPA227 has very low voltage noise, making it ideal for low source impedances (less than 20k). A similar precision op amp, the OPA277, has somewhat higher voltage noise but lower current noise. It provides excellent noise performance at moderate source impedance (10k to 100k). Above 100k, a FET-input op amp such as the OPA132 (very low current noise) may provide improved performance. The equation is shown for the calculation of the total circuit noise. Note that en = voltage noise, in = current noise, RS = source impedance, k = Boltzmanns constant = 1.38 1023 J/K and T is temperature in K. For more details on calculating noise, see the insert titled Basic Noise Calculations.

Not recommended for OPA227

Op Amp

RB = R2 || R1

External Cancellation Resistor


1.00+03

VOLTAGE NOISE SPECTRAL DENSITY vs SOURCE RESISTANCE

Votlage Noise Spectral Density, E0 Typical at 1k (V/Hz)

EO

OPA227

Recommended OPA227 Configuration


R2 R1

1.00E+02

RS

OPA277 1.00E+01 OPA227 Resistor Noise

OPA277 Resistor Noise

OPA227

EO2 = en2 + (in RS)2 + 4kTRS 1.00E+00 100 1k 10k 100k 1M

No cancellation resistor. See text.

Source Resistance, RS ()

FIGURE 3. Input Bias Current Cancellation.

FIGURE 4. Noise Performance of the OPA227 in UnityGain Buffer Configuration.

BASIC NOISE CALCULATIONS


Design of low noise op amp circuits requires careful consideration of a variety of possible noise contributors: noise from the signal source, noise generated in the op amp, and noise from the feedback network resistors. The total noise of the circuit is the root-sum-square combination of all noise components. The resistive portion of the source impedance produces thermal noise proportional to the square root of the resistance. This function is shown plotted in Figure 4. Since the source impedance is usually fixed, select the op amp and the feedback resistors to minimize their contribution to the total noise. Figure 4 shows total noise for varying source impedances with the op amp in a unity-gain configuration (no feedback resistor network and therefore no additional noise contributions). The operational amplifier itself contributes both a voltage noise component and a current noise component. The voltage noise is commonly modeled as a time-varying component of the offset voltage. The current noise is modeled as the time-varying component of the input bias current and reacts with the source resistance to create a voltage component of noise. Consequently, the lowest noise op amp for a given application depends on the source impedance. For low source impedance, current noise is negligible and voltage noise generally dominates. For high source impedance, current noise may dominate. Figure 5 shows both inverting and noninverting op amp circuit configurations with gain. In circuit configurations with gain, the feedback network resistors also contribute noise. The current noise of the op amp reacts with the feedback resistors to create additional noise components. The feedback resistor values can generally be chosen to make these noise sources negligible. The equations for total noise are shown for both configurations. OPA227, 2227, 4227 OPA228, 2228, 4228
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SBOS110A

12

Noise in Noninverting Gain Configuration


R2

Noise at the output:


R R 2 2 E O 2 = 1 + 2 e n 2 + e12 + e 2 2 + (i n R 2 ) + e S 2 + (i n R S ) 1 + 2 R1 R1
EO
2 2

R1

R Where eS = 4kTRS 1 + 2 = thermal noise of RS R1


R e1 = 4kTR1 2 R1

RS

VS

= thermal noise of R1 = thermal noise of R2

e2 = 4kTR2

Noise in Inverting Gain Configuration


R2

Noise at the output:


R2 2 2 2 2 2 E O 2 = 1 + e n + e1 + e 2 + (i n R 2 ) + e S R1 + R S
2

R1 EO

RS

VS

R2 Where eS = 4kTRS = thermal noise of RS R1 + R S


R2 e1 = 4kTR1 = thermal noise of R1 R1 + R S

e2 = 4kTR2

= thermal noise of R2

For the OPA227 and OPA228 series op amps at 1kHz, en = 3nV/Hz and in = 0.4pA/Hz.

FIGURE 5. Noise Calculation in Gain Configurations.

OPA227, 2227, 4227 OPA228, 2228, 4228


SBOS110A

www.ti.com

13

R1 2M

R2 2M

R8 402k

R11 178k

R3 1k

R4 9.09k R6 40.2k R7 97.6k

C4 22nF R9 178k U2 6 C5 0.47F 3 R10 226k

C6 10nF

2 3

2 U3 6 VOUT

C1 1F

C2 1F

U1 (OPA227)

C3 0.47F

(OPA227)

(OPA227)

Input from Device Under Test

R5 634k

FIGURE 6. 0.1Hz to 10Hz Bandpass Filter Used to Test Wideband Noise of the OPA227 and OPA228 Series. USING THE OPA228 IN LOW GAINS
22pF

100k 10

2 3 OPA227 6 VOUT

The OPA228 family is intended for applications with signal gains of 5 or greater, but it is possible to take advantage of their high speed in lower gains. Without external compensation, the OPA228 has sufficient phase margin to maintain stability in unity gain with purely resistive loads. However, the addition of load capacitance can reduce the phase margin and destabilize the op amp. A variety of compensation techniques have been evaluated specifically for use with the OPA228. The recommended configuration consists of an additional capacitor (CF) in parallel with the feedback resistance, as shown in Figures 8 and 11. This feedback capacitor serves two purposes in compensating the circuit. The op amps input capacitance and the feedback resistors interact to cause phase shift that can result in instability. CF compensates the input capacitance, minimizing peaking. Additionally, at high frequencies, the closed-loop gain of the amplifier is strongly influenced by the ratio of the input capacitance and the feedback capacitor. Thus, CF can be selected to yield good stability while maintaining high speed.

Device Under Test

FIGURE 7. Noise Test Circuit. Figure 6 shows the 0.1Hz 10Hz bandpass filter used to test the noise of the OPA227 and OPA228. The filter circuit was designed using Texas Instruments FilterPro software (available at www.ti.com). Figure 7 shows the configuration of the OPA227 and OPA228 for noise testing.

14

OPA227, 2227, 4227 OPA228, 2228, 4228


www.ti.com
SBOS110A

Without external compensation, the noise specification of the OPA228 is the same as that for the OPA227 in gains of 5 or greater. With the additional external compensation, the output noise of the of the OPA228 will be higher. The amount of noise increase is directly related to the increase in high frequency closed-loop gain established by the CIN/ CF ratio. Figures 8 and 11 show the recommended circuit for gains of +2 and 2, respectively. The figures suggest approximate

values for CF. Because compensation is highly dependent on circuit design, board layout, and load conditions, CF should be optimized experimentally for best results. Figures 9 and 10 show the large- and small-signal step responses for the G = +2 configuration with 100pF load capacitance. Figures 12 and 13 show the large- and smallsignal step responses for the G = 2 configuration with 100pF load capacitance.

22pF

15pF

2k 2k OPA228 2k 100pF

1k

2k

OPA228 2k

100pF

FIGURE 8. Compensation of the OPA228 for G =+2.

FIGURE 11. Compensation for OPA228 for G = 2.

5mV/div

5mV/div

OPA228
400ns/div

OPA228
400ns/div

FIGURE 9. Large-Signal Step Response, G = +2, CLOAD = 100pF, Input Signal = 5Vp-p.

FIGURE 12. Large-Signal Step Response, G = 2, CLOAD = 100pF, Input Signal = 5Vp-p.

25mV/div

25mV/div

OPA228
200ns/div

OPA228
200ns/div

FIGURE 10. Small-Signal Step Response, G = +2, CLOAD = 100pF, Input Signal = 50mVp-p. OPA227, 2227, 4227 OPA228, 2228, 4228
SBOS110A

FIGURE 13. Small-Signal Step Response, G = 2, CLOAD = 100pF, Input Signal = 50mVp-p. 15

www.ti.com

1.1k 2.2nF 1.1k VIN 33nF 1.65k 1.43k 1.91k 2.21k 68nF 1.43k 330pF dc Gain = 1

OPA227 OPA227

VOUT 10nF

fN = 13.86kHz Q = 1.186

fN = 20.33kHz Q = 4.519

f = 7.2kHz

FIGURE 14. Three-Pole, 20kHz Low Pass, 0.5dB Chebyshev Filter.

20pF
0.1F

TTL INPUT
100 100k

GAIN +1 1 9.76k Balance Trim

1 0

2 3 OPA227 6 Output

500 Input D1 10k 4.99k S1 S2 2 3 OPA227 8 1 4.75k TTL In DG188 Offset Trim 1k 6

Output

Dexter 1M Thermopile Detector

NOTE: Use metal film resistors and plastic film capacitor. Circuit must be well shielded to achieve low noise.

D2

4.75k

Responsivity 2.5 x 104V/W Output Noise 30Vrms, 0.1Hz to 10Hz

+VCC

FIGURE 15. Long-Wavelength Infrared Detector Amplifier.

FIGURE 16. High Performance Synchronous Demodulator.

16

OPA227, 2227, 4227 OPA228, 2228, 4228


www.ti.com
SBOS110A

+15V

0.1F 1k

1k Audio In 1/2 OPA2227 200 To Headphone

200

1/2 OPA2227 This application uses two op amps in parallel for higher output current drive.

0.1F

15V

FIGURE 17. Headphone Amplifier.

Bass Tone Control R1 7.5k R2 50k 3


CW

1 2

R3 7.5k

R10 100k

Midrange Tone Control C1 940pF

R4 2.7k VIN

R5 50k 3
CW

1 2

R6 2.7k C2 0.0047F

Treble Tone Control R7 7.5k R8 50k 3


CW

1 2

R9 7.5k

R11 100k

C3 680pF

2 3 OPA227 6 VOUT

FIGURE 18. Three-Band ActiveTone Control (bass, midrange and treble). OPA227, 2227, 4227 OPA228, 2228, 4228
SBOS110A

www.ti.com

17

PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM


www.ti.com

16-Feb-2009

PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device OPA2227P OPA2227PA OPA2227PAG4 OPA2227PG4 OPA2227U OPA2227U/2K5 OPA2227U/2K5G4 OPA2227UA OPA2227UA/2K5 OPA2227UA/2K5E4 OPA2227UAE4 OPA2227UAG4 OPA2227UE4 OPA2227UG4 OPA2228P OPA2228PA OPA2228PAG4 OPA2228PG4 OPA2228U OPA2228U/2K5 OPA2228U/2K5E4 OPA2228UA OPA2228UA/2K5 OPA2228UA/2K5E4 OPA2228UAE4 Status (1) ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE Package Type PDIP PDIP PDIP PDIP SOIC SOIC SOIC SOIC SOIC SOIC SOIC SOIC SOIC SOIC PDIP PDIP PDIP PDIP SOIC SOIC SOIC SOIC SOIC SOIC SOIC Package Drawing P P P P D D D D D D D D D D P P P P D D D D D D D Pins Package Eco Plan (2) Qty 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 50 50 50 50 75 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Lead/Ball Finish CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU MSL Peak Temp (3) N / A for Pkg Type N / A for Pkg Type N / A for Pkg Type N / A for Pkg Type Level-3-260C-168 HR Level-3-260C-168 HR Level-3-260C-168 HR Level-3-260C-168 HR Level-3-260C-168 HR Level-3-260C-168 HR Level-3-260C-168 HR Level-3-260C-168 HR Level-3-260C-168 HR Level-3-260C-168 HR N / A for Pkg Type N / A for Pkg Type N / A for Pkg Type N / A for Pkg Type Level-3-260C-168 HR Level-3-260C-168 HR Level-3-260C-168 HR Level-3-260C-168 HR Level-3-260C-168 HR Level-3-260C-168 HR Level-3-260C-168 HR

2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) 75 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br)

2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) 75 75 75 75 50 50 50 50 75 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br)

2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) 75 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br)

2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) 75 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br)

Addendum-Page 1

PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM


www.ti.com

16-Feb-2009

Orderable Device OPA2228UE4 OPA227P OPA227PA OPA227PAG4 OPA227PG4 OPA227U OPA227U/2K5 OPA227U/2K5E4 OPA227UA OPA227UA/2K5 OPA227UA/2K5G4 OPA227UAG4 OPA227UE4 OPA228P OPA228PA OPA228PAG4 OPA228PG4 OPA228U OPA228UA OPA228UA/2K5 OPA228UA/2K5E4 OPA228UAG4 OPA228UG4 OPA4227PA OPA4227PAG4 OPA4227UA

Status (1) ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE

Package Type SOIC PDIP PDIP PDIP PDIP SOIC SOIC SOIC SOIC SOIC SOIC SOIC SOIC PDIP PDIP PDIP PDIP SOIC SOIC SOIC SOIC SOIC SOIC PDIP PDIP SOIC

Package Drawing D P P P P D D D D D D D D P P P P D D D D D D N N D

Pins Package Eco Plan (2) Qty 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 14 14 14 75 50 50 50 50 75 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br)

Lead/Ball Finish CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU

MSL Peak Temp (3) Level-3-260C-168 HR N / A for Pkg Type N / A for Pkg Type N / A for Pkg Type N / A for Pkg Type Level-3-260C-168 HR Level-3-260C-168 HR Level-3-260C-168 HR Level-3-260C-168 HR Level-3-260C-168 HR Level-3-260C-168 HR Level-3-260C-168 HR Level-3-260C-168 HR N / A for Pkg Type N / A for Pkg Type N / A for Pkg Type N / A for Pkg Type Level-3-260C-168 HR Level-3-260C-168 HR Level-3-260C-168 HR Level-3-260C-168 HR Level-3-260C-168 HR Level-3-260C-168 HR N / A for Pkg Type N / A for Pkg Type Level-3-260C-168 HR

2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) 75 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br)

2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) 75 75 50 50 50 50 75 75 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br)

2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) 75 75 25 25 50 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br)

Addendum-Page 2

PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM


www.ti.com

16-Feb-2009

Orderable Device OPA4227UA/2K5 OPA4227UA/2K5G4 OPA4227UAG4 OPA4228PA OPA4228PAG4 OPA4228UA OPA4228UA/2K5 OPA4228UA/2K5G4 OPA4228UAE4
(1)

Status (1) ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE

Package Type SOIC SOIC SOIC PDIP PDIP SOIC SOIC SOIC SOIC

Package Drawing D D D N N D D D D

Pins Package Eco Plan (2) Qty 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) 50 25 25 50 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br)

Lead/Ball Finish CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU

MSL Peak Temp (3) Level-3-260C-168 HR Level-3-260C-168 HR Level-3-260C-168 HR N / A for Pkg Type N / A for Pkg Type Level-3-260C-168 HR Level-3-260C-168 HR Level-3-260C-168 HR Level-3-260C-168 HR

2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) 50 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br)

The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2)

Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above. Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material)
(3)

MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals. TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release. In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis.

Addendum-Page 3

PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION


www.ti.com 8-May-2009

TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION

*All dimensions are nominal

Device

Package Package Pins Type Drawing SOIC SOIC SOIC SOIC SOIC SOIC SOIC SOIC SOIC D D D D D D D D D 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 14 14

SPQ

Reel Reel Diameter Width (mm) W1 (mm) 330.0 330.0 330.0 330.0 330.0 330.0 330.0 330.0 330.0 12.4 12.4 12.4 12.4 12.4 12.4 12.4 16.4 16.4

A0 (mm)

B0 (mm)

K0 (mm)

P1 (mm) 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0

W Pin1 (mm) Quadrant 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 16.0 16.0 Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1

OPA2227U/2K5 OPA2227UA/2K5 OPA2228U/2K5 OPA2228UA/2K5 OPA227U/2K5 OPA227UA/2K5 OPA228UA/2K5 OPA4227UA/2K5 OPA4228UA/2K5

2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500

6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.5 6.5

5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 9.0 9.0

2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1

Pack Materials-Page 1

PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION


www.ti.com 8-May-2009

*All dimensions are nominal

Device OPA2227U/2K5 OPA2227UA/2K5 OPA2228U/2K5 OPA2228UA/2K5 OPA227U/2K5 OPA227UA/2K5 OPA228UA/2K5 OPA4227UA/2K5 OPA4228UA/2K5

Package Type SOIC SOIC SOIC SOIC SOIC SOIC SOIC SOIC SOIC

Package Drawing D D D D D D D D D

Pins 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 14 14

SPQ 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500

Length (mm) 346.0 346.0 346.0 346.0 346.0 346.0 346.0 346.0 346.0

Width (mm) 346.0 346.0 346.0 346.0 346.0 346.0 346.0 346.0 346.0

Height (mm) 29.0 29.0 29.0 29.0 29.0 29.0 29.0 33.0 33.0

Pack Materials-Page 2

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