Grade 12 Mathematical Literacy

LO2 Graphs: Linear Graphs and Non-linear graphs

1. The Grade 12 Matric Dance Committee have been tasked with organising the Matric Dance. They have organised a venue, which will cost them R2 000 to hire and R80 per head for a three course dinner. The committee decided not to hire a band as they were very expensive, so they arranged with DJ Alex to run a disco for the night. DJ Alex charges a basic rate of R500 and R90 per hour, or part thereof, up to midnight and R180 per hour, or part thereof, after midnight. Take the above information into account and answer the questions that follow. 1.1.1 The Committee drew up the table below to determine how much DJ Alex will cost them for the evening. The evening starts a 19H30 and ends at 24H30. Copy and complete the table below. A Number 1 of hours: x Cost in 500 + Rands: 90 = y 590 B 2 500 + (2 x 90) = 680 C 3 D 4 E 5 F 6 H 7

1.1.2 Use the information in the table above to draw a line graph of the cost to hire DJ Alex.
1.1.3

The gradient m between points A( x1; y1 ) and B( x 2 ; y 2 ) is given

2 1 by the formula m = x x . Calculate the gradients of each 2 1 segment on the graph.

y y

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1.1.4 What do you notice about the gradients calculated above? 1.2.1 The committee want to draw up a table similar to the one above for the cost of hiring the hall and paying for the dinners. The determine that the number of people attending the Matric Dance will determine the cost. Copy and complete the table below. A Number 50 of people: x Cost in 2 000 Rands: + (80 x y 50) = 6 000 B 100 C 150 D 200 E 250 F 300 H 350

2 000 + (100 x 80) = 10 000

1.2.2 Use the information in the table above to draw a line graph of the cost for the venue and the dinners.
1.2.3

The gradient m between points A( x1; y1 )

2 1 and B( x 2 ; y 2 ) is given by the formula m = x x . 2 1 Calculate the gradients of each segment on the graph.

y y

1.2.4 What will the total cost be for 350 guests if the evening ends at 23H00? 1.2.5 What will the total cost be for 400 guests if the evening ends at 24H30?

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2. One of the matrics, Vuyo, decided that he did not want to spend money on a matric dance that would only last one night. He determined that the cost of the dance, plus the cost of buying a suit and all the additional costs for the evening would cost him R850. He asked his parents if he could have the money to invest. He determined that unit trust investments gained about 12% per annum on average (some years it was more than 12% but in other years it was less than 12%, but on average it worked out at 12% per annum). His parents agreed and asked him to show them how he arrived at his decision. He showed them the following table, which represents the value of a unit trust annually over a five year period. Number 0 of years: n Value of 156 a unit trust in Rand: V 2.1 2.2 1 175,50 2 194,81 3 217,21 4 244,39 5 275,64

Show the above information graphically. If the unit trust increased in value at exactly 12% per annum, how would the shape of the above mentioned graph change. Determine the amounts and plot the points on the same graph. If the value increases at this rate over the next ten years, what will the value of the investment be in ten years time? If the value of the unit trusts decrease by 12% per annum as opposed to increasing at 12% per annum, what will the value of the unit trust be after five years? Assume that Vuyo used his R850 to buy unit trusts. Determine how much money he will have after five years.

2.3 2.4

2.5

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3. At the matric dance Mpho was very surprised to see her cousin, Zolile, with her friend, Princess. She became quite interested in her family tree and the following day drew up the following family tree.

The family tree above represents Mpho, her mother and father (parents), her parents parents (grandparents), her grandparents parents (great grandparents), her great grandparents parents (great, great grandparents). 3.1 If each of her great, great grandparents had a mother and a father, how many people would be on the next row of the family tree? Work out the ratios: T ; T and T , where T1 is equal to the 1 2 3 total number of people on the first level, T2 is the total number of people on the second level. What do you notice about your answers? Draw a graph of the above situation. Indicate the generation on the x-axis and the number of people on the y-axis. Is this a straight line graph? Explain your answer.
T2 T3 T4

3.2

3.3

3.4

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ANSWERS
1.1.1 A Number 1 of hours: x Cost in 500 + Rands: 90 = y 590 1.1.2
Cost of DJ Alex
1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Number of Hours

B 2 500 + (2 x 90) = 680

C 3 770

D 4 860

E 5 950

F 6 1040

H 7 1220

Cost in Rand

Cost of DJ Alex

1.1.3

680 590 = 90 2 1 770 680 BC = = 90 3 2 860 770 CD = = 90 4 3 950 860 DE = = 90 5 4 1040 950 EF = = 90 6 5 1220 1040 FG = = 180 7 6

AB =

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1.1.4 The gradient is the same, 90, the cost per hour for DJ Alex until midnight, when the gradient doubles to 180, the cost per hour after midnight. 1.2.1 A Number 50 of people: x Cost in 2 000 Rands: + (80 x y 50) = 6 000 1.2.2.
Matric dance costs
35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Number of guests

B 100

C 150

D 200

E 250

F 300

H 350

2 000 14 000 18 000 22 000 26 000 30 000 + (100 x 80) = 10 000

Cost in Rand

Matric dance costs

1.2.3

10000 6000 = 80 100 50 14000 10000 BC = = 80 150 100 18000 14000 CD = = 80 200 150

AB =

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DE = EF = FG = 1.2.4 1.2.5 2.1

22000 18000 250 200 26000 22000 300 250 30000 26000 350 300

= 80 = 80 = 80

R30 000 + R950 = R30 950 (400 x 80) + 2 000 + 1220 = R35 220

Value of Unit Trusts

300 Value in Rand 250 200 150 100 50 0 0 1 2 Years 3 4 5 Actual values

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2.2 The points will be slightly different from the actual price points above. The new curve almost covers the previous points. The amount after five years will be R274,93 if the unit trust increased at 12% per annum, as opposed to the R275,64 which it actually achieved.
Compairson of actual with predictured price of Unit Trusts
300 250 200 150 100 50 0 0 1 2 Years 3 4 5

Value in Rand

Actual price Price if increased at 12%p.a.

2.3

Use the compound interest formula:

i n ) 100 12 15 A = 156 (1 + ) 100 A = R 853 ,88 A = P (1 +

OR

A = 274 ,93 (1 + A = R 853 ,89

12 10 ) 100

2.4

Use the compound interest formula again, but this time replace the + sign with a sign.
A = 274 ,93 (1 A = R145 ,09 12 5 ) 100

2.5

A = 850 (1 +

A = R1 497,99 3.1 32 great, great, great grandparents. 3.2

2 4 8 ; ; 1 2 4

12 5 ) 100

= 2 ; 2; 2 Each generation is double the generation

before.

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3.3
Generation growth
35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Generation Number of people per generation

Generation growth

3.4 No, this is not a straight line graph because the growth of the people per generation is double the previous generation, which is compound growth.

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