Grade 12 Mathematical Literacy

LO3 Rules for Triangles: Area Rule, Sine Rule and Cosine Rule

Solving Triangles: Right Angled Sine, Cos, Tan, Sin, Pythagoras Pythagoras A=
A= 1 b h 2 bx h

Non-right Angled Sine Rule, Sine Rule, Cosine Rule, Cosine Rule, Area Rule Area Rule

Use the area rule: A = bc sin A to calculate the area of any triangle of which two sides and the angle between them are known. (SAS) Use the sine rule to calculate an unknown side or angle in any triangle. The sine rule compares the ratio between the sine of an angle and the side opposite that angle in any triangle. The sine rule is written in one of the following two forms:

Use the cosine rule to calculate the third side of a triangle if the other two sides and the angle opposite to the unknown side is known. (SAS or SSS) The cosine rule is written as follows:

c=a+b - 2ab cos C

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Grade 12 Mathematical Literacy

1. Apply the area rule to determine the area of each of the following triangles: 1.1

1.2

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2. Use the sine rule to calculate the value of the unknown angles and sides in each of the drawings. 2.1

2.2

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3. Use the cosine rule to calculate the value of x rounded off to one decimal place in each of the drawings below. 3.1

3.2

3.3

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4. Mrs Nortje lives on the slopes of Table Mountain. She is not happy with her television reception so she has decided to install a 45 metre high pole on top of which she will have a satellite dish installed. An anchor wire will be attached to the top of the pole and anchored to a point 22 metres downhill from the base of the pole. The drawing on the left illustrates the situation. Study the drawing and answer the questions that follow.
4.1
Calculate the size of ACB if ACD is a straight line.

4.2

Use the cosine rule to calculate the length of the anchor wire, AB.

Im finally getting the hang of trigonometry! Just one more question to go!

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Grade 12 Mathematical Literacy

5. A soccer player aims towards a goal post which is 15 metres from the back line CH on a soccer field. The angle from the left goal post, FG, to the soccer player, S, is 116. The goal posts are 7,32 m wide. The diagram below represents the above situation.

116

5.1 5.2
5.3

Calculate how far the soccer player is from the left goal post FG. Calculate how far the soccer player is from the right goal post EH.
Calculate the approximate size of GSH , the angle within which the soccer player could possibly score a goal.

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ANSWERS
1.1 A = bc sin A A = x 9 x 7 x sin 96 A = 31,33 m 1.2 A = bc sin A A = x 22 x 10 x sin 27 A = 49,94 cm

2.1
sin P sin Q sin R = = p q r

p r = sin P sin R r sin P p = sin R 80 sin 24 p = sin 34 p = 58 ,19 cm

Q = 180 24 34 = 122 ... sum of .

q r = sin Q sin R r sin Q q = sin R 80 sin 122 q = sin 34 q = 121 ,32 cm

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2.2

B = 180 36 129 = 15 ... sum of b c = sin B sin C c sin B b = sin C 249 sin 15 b = sin 129 b = 82 ,93 cm

3.1
b 2 = a 2 + c 2 2ac cos C x 2 = 24 2 + 30 2 2( 24 )( 30 ) cos 27 x = 24 2 + 30 2 2( 24 )( 30 ) cos 27 x = 13,9 cm

3.2

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c 2 = a 2 + b 2 2ab cos C x = a 2 + b 2 2ab cos C x = 18 2 +10 2 2 18 10 cos 123 x = 24 ,9cm

3.3
25 2 = 10 2 +18 2 2(10 )(18 ) cos x 360 cos x = - 201 - 201 cos x = 360 x =123,9

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4.1

ACB = 180 58 = 122

ACD is a straight line and thus 180

4.2
c 2 = a 2 + b 2 2ab cos C c = a 2 + b 2 2ab cos C c = 45 2 + 22 2 2 45 22 cos 122 c = 59 ,65 cm

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5.1

CGS =18 HGS 0 GS =1 1 C 80 16 GS = 64 C

In CGS
Opposite Hypotenuse CS Sin (CGS ) = GS 15 Sin (64 ) = GS GS Sin (64 ) = 15 Sin (CGS ) = 15 Sin (64 ) GS = 16,69 m GS =

The soccer player is 16,69 metres from the goalpost FG, since GS is the distance from FG to the player. 5.2 Use the Cos Rule: a = b + c - 2bc Cos Substitute: a = SH; b = GS; c = GH and = SH
H S H S
2 2

=G S

+G 2 (G )( G ) C (SGH ) H 2 S H os

= (16 ,69 )2 +( 7,32 )2 2(16 ,69 )( 7,32 ) C (116 ) os

H = 439 ,25 S H = 20 ,96 m S

The distance from the soccer player to the goal post is 20,96 m.

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5.3

In SGH, by the sine rule, we have

Substitute: = SGH; B = GSH ; a = SH; and b = GH

S A in S B in = a b

S i n S S H S i n G S i n G S i n G GSH GSH

GH SH SH SH S i n 1 8

S i n G G H ( G H ( 7 , 3 2 0 ,9 3 1 3 8 1 8 1 3 9 ( 0 ,9 3 1 3 8 1 8 1 3 9 ) (

SH S i n S S H ) ( S i n 2 0 , 9 6 GH 1 1 6 )

, 2 9

The approximate size of GH is 18,29

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