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needed to counter unbalanced bending stresses, x to determine, must analyze equilibrium in axial (x) direction resultant of shear flow on section must equal Vy and Vz moment due to qsx must be equal to moment due to Vy and Vz shear center: point about which moment due to shear flow is zero not applying transverse loads through shear center will cause a twisting of the beam about the x axis
Slide 1
Shear center:
Data analysis
record deflections using LVDT plot twisting versus load position on cross-arm determine location on cross-arm where load produces no twisting
Slide 2
Test Configuration
Cantilever with thinCantilever with thinwalled C section walled C section LVDT measures tip LVDT measures tip deflection on cross-arm deflection on cross-arm
cross arm
LVDT
weight
Lab Apparatus
AE3145 Shear Center Lab (S2k)
Small weight used to apply Small weight used to apply load at point on cross-arm load at point on cross-arm
Slide 4
Lab Procedure
1. Determine the beam material properties from reference material (e.g., referenced textbooks or MIL Handbook 5 which can be found in the GT Library). 2. Find the centroid of the given beam cross-section. 3. Determine Iz, Iy, Iyz for the given section. 4. Determine the shear flow distribution on the cross-section for a Vy shear load. 5. Determine the shear flow distribution on the cross-section for a Vz shear load. 6. Determine the shear center for the cross-section. 7. Using data from the lab, determine the measured location of the shear center and compare this with the location determined in step 6 above.
Slide 5
Use single line approx for Use single line approx for 1.330in. cross section (t<<b,h) cross section (t<<b,h)
0.420in.
Centroidal Axes:
0.050in.
0 = z dA
A
I yy = z 2 dA
A
0 = y dA
A
I zz = y 2 dA
A
I yz = yz dA
A
Slide 6
A1
But also consider But also consider equilibrium of equilibrium of segment A1 (see segment A1 (see next slide!) next slide!)
General:
x =
( y I yy z I yz ) M z + ( y I yz z I zz ) M y I zz I yy I yz
2
y Mz x = I zz
AE3145 Shear Center Lab (S2k) Slide 7
qsx Z
A1 X
Axial force equilibrium for element:
x+dx
0 = Fx = x dA A1
+ qsx dx x dA A1 x + dx
Slide 8
Shear Flow
Result for qsx:
Vz qsx = I y dA I yz z dA + I z dA I yz y dA 2 yy 2 zz A A I yy I zz I yz I yy I zz I yz A1 A1 1 1 Vy
Y
Slide 9
Shear Center
Y
Vy ez
Therefore: Therefore: Shear center lies Shear center lies distance ee from distance z z from origin where: origin where: M0=Vyee M =V z
0 y z
Moment, M0, ,at Moment, M0 at origin due to origin due to shear flow, qsx shear flow, q
sx
Slide 10
Vy Z Shear Center
qsx
qsx
Slide 11
Y B Vy Z Shear Center
e
qsx qsx
h/2
h/2
qsx
Sum moments from qsx about A: =force in each flange x h/2 Must equal moment from Vy about A: =Vy x e
eemust be positive must be positive for qq as shown for sx as shown sx so shear center so shear center lies to left of lies to left of section section
Slide 12
Data Acquisition
Use PC data acquisition program to acquire deflection and strain data and test machine load
Use 2 LVDT displacement gages Measure vertical displacements at ends of cross arm Use to determine vertical deflection and cross arm rotation Use single weight but move to different locations on cross arm
Replace dial Replace dial gages with LVDTs gages with LVDTs
Slide 13
Data Reduction
Acquired data is voltage from transducers
convert to inch units Determine vertical displacement per applied load Determine rotation per applied load Plot rotation vs cross arm location: 0 point defines shear center or: plot both displacements: crossing point defines shear center
Slide 14
Sample Data
AE 3145 Lab - Fall 99 Lab name=Lab#7 Shear Center Group name = Monday1 Load Position Channel 1 Channel 2 Excitation Voltage 0.00E+00 -1.04E+01 -3.57E+00 2.50E+00 5.00E-01 -8.93E+00 -3.23E+00 2.50E+00 1.00E+00 -7.70E+00 -3.10E+00 2.50E+00 1.50E+00 voltages to -3.54E+00 2.50E+00 Convert -7.04E+00 Convert voltages -3.75E+00 2.50E+00 2.00E+00 -6.15E+00 to displacement using LVDT displacement using LVDT 2.50E+00 -4.68E+00 -3.38E+00 2.50E+00 calibration data calibration data -3.67E+00 2.50E+00 3.00E+00 -3.87E+00 3.50E+00 -2.52E+00 -3.42E+00 2.50E+00 4.00E+00 -1.81E+00 -3.81E+00 2.50E+00 Cal: Position 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 10 LVDT 1 -0.104 -0.089 -0.077 -0.070 -0.062 -0.047 -0.039 -0.025 -0.018 10 LVDT 2 Deflection -0.036 -0.036 -0.032 -0.032 -0.031 -0.031 -0.035 -0.035 -0.038 -0.038 -0.034 -0.034 -0.037 -0.037 -0.034 -0.034 -0.038 -0.038
Shear Center is point where Shear Center is point where Rotation ==00or point where Rotation or point where LVDT1=LVDT2 LVDT1=LVDT2
0.040 Reading (inch or radian) 0.020 0.000 -0.020 -0.040 -0.060 -0.080 -0.100 -0.120
LVDT 1 LVDT 2 Rotation
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
Rotation -0.068 -0.057 -0.046 -0.035 -0.024 -0.013 -0.002 0.009 0.020
Position
Compute avg deflection Compute avg deflection and rotation from geometry and rotation from geometry
AE3145 Shear Center Lab (S2k) Slide 15