Name of drug: Ceftazidime Drug Classification: Cephalosporins Availability/stock (Drug preparation): 130 mg IVTT q 8 hours Indication: For the

treatment of patients with infections caused by susceptible strains of organisms in the following diseases: intra abdominal infections (including peritonitis), and central nervous system infections (including meningitis). Drug action (Pharmacokinetics): The bactericidal activity of ceftazidime results from the inhibition of cell wall synthesis via affinity for penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). Availability/stock (Drug preparation): 130 mg IVTT q 8 hours Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins. Adverse reaction: Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, rashes Special consideration: ASSESSMENT Assess for infection (vital signs, urine and stool; WBC). Observe patient for signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis (rash, pruritus, wheezing). Discontinue drug and notify physician and other health care physicians immediately if this symptom occurs. Monitor prothrombin time and assess patient for bleeding.

PATIENT EDUCATION Instruct SO to let patient take medication around the clock. Advice SO to report signs of superinfection and allergies.

Instruct SO to notify health care professionals if ever diarrhea develops. Especially if stool contains blood, pus or mucus.

Name of drug: Calmoseptine Drug Classification: Emollients and skin protectives Availability/stock (Drug preparation): to diaper rash TID Indication: Protects, soothes & helps promote healing in those w/ impaired skin integrity related to: diaper rash. Drug action (Pharmacokinetics): granulation and re-epithilialization Calmoseptine ointment promotes wound

Adverse reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.

Special consideration: presence of allergy to zinc, dimethicone, lanolin, cod liver oil, petroleum jelly, parabens, mineral oil, or wax.

ASSESSMENT

Assess for any adverse effects, such as : redness and warmth or oozing skin lesions

PATIENT EDUCATION

To treat diaper rash, use this medication each time the diaper is changed. It is especially important to apply the medication at bedtime or whenever there will be a long period of time between diaper changes.

Keep the diaper area clean and dry to prevent worsening of skin rash. Change wet diapers as soon as possible. Allow the skin to dry thoroughly before putting on a fresh diaper.

Name of drug: Erythromycin Ointment Drug Classification: Anti-infectives & Antiseptics Indication: For use in the treatment of infections caused by susceptible strains of microorganisms in this disease: Ophthalmia Neonatorum Drug action (Pharmacokinetics): Erythromycin acts by penetrating the bacterial cell membrane and reversibly binding to the 50 S subunit of bacterial ribosomes or near the P or donor site so that binding of tRNA (transfer RNA) to the donor site is blocked. Translocation of peptides from the A or acceptor site to the P or donor site is prevented, and subsequent protein synthesis is inhibited. Erythromycin is effective only against actively dividing organisms. The exact mechanism by which erythromycin reduces lesions of acne vulgaris is not fully known: however, the effect appears to be due in part to the antibacterial activity of the drug. Availability/stock (Drug preparation): both eyes Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to Erythromycin. Adverse reaction: vomiting, rashes, allergic reactions, nausea, diarrhea, phlebitis Special consideration:

ASSESSMENT

Assess patient for infection (vital signs; appearance of wound; WBC; urine and stool)

Monitor liver function.

PATIENT EDUCATION Instruct patient or SO to take the medication around the clock and finish the drug completely as directed. Provide adequate fluids to replace fluid loss with diarrhea

Name of drug: Amikacin Drug Classification: Aminoglycosides Indication: For short-term treatment of serious infections due to susceptible strains of Gram-negative bacteria. Drug action (Pharmacokinetics): Aminoglycosides like Amikacin "irreversibly" bind to specific 30S-subunit proteins and 16S rRNA. Amikacin inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit to prevent the formation of an initiation complex with messenger RNA. Specifically Amikacin binds to four nucleotides of 16S rRNA and a single amino acid of protein S12. This interferes with decoding site in the vicinity of nucleotide 1400 in 16S rRNA of 30S subunit. This region interacts with the wobble base in the anticodon of tRNA. This leads to interference with the initiation complex, misreading of mRNA so incorrect amino acids are inserted into the polypeptide leading to nonfunctional or toxic peptides and the breakup of polysomes into nonfunctional monosomes. Availability/stock (Drug preparation): 50 mg IVTT q 24 hours

Adverse reaction: ataxia and overt deafness, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity Special consideration: ASSESSMENT Monitor intake and output and daily weight to assess hydration status and renal function.

Assess the patient for infection (vital signs, wound appearance, urine, stool, WBC) at the beginning of and throughout therapy.

Obtain specimens for culture and sensitivity before initiating therapy. First dose may be given before receiving results.

Assess patient for signs and superinfection such as fever, diarrhea, upper respiratory infection)

PATIENT EDUCATION

Advise patient or SO of the importance of drinking plenty of liquid. Instruct patient or SO to report any hypersensitivity, rash or difficulty of urination.

Name of drug: Ampicillin Drug Classification: Penicillins Indication: For treatment of infection (Respiratory, GI, UTI and meningitis) due to staphylococci, streptococcus infections. Drug action (Pharmacokinetics): By binding to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, Ampicillin inhibits the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cell lysis is then mediated by bacterial cell

wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins; it is possible that Ampicillin interferes with an autolysin inhibitor. Availability/stock (Drug preparation): 210 mg IVTT q12 hours Contraindications: Hypersensitivity; infectious mononucleosis. Adverse reaction: rash, fever, seizures, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea Special consideration: ASSESSMENT Assess patient for infection (vital signs, wound appearance, urine, stool and WBC) Obtain specimens for culture and sensitivity before therapy. First dose may be given before receiving results.

Observe patient for signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis ( rash, wheezing, pruritus, laryngeal edema). Discontinue the drug and notify the physician or other health care professional immediately if these occur.

PATIENT EDUCATION Instruct parents and caregiver not to save or use this medication for other infections.

Caution patient to notify health care professional if fever and diarrhea occur, especially if stool contains blood, pus, or mucus. Advise patient or SO not to treat diarrhea without consulting to health care professional. May occur up to several weeks after discontinuing of medication.

Name of drug: Oxacillin Drug Classification: Penicillins Indication: Used in the treatment of resistant staphylococci infections. Drug action (Pharmacokinetics): By binding to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, Oxacillin inhibits the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cell lysis is then mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins; it is possible that Oxacillin interferes with an autolysin inhibitor. Availability/stock (Drug preparation): 126 mg IVTT q 8 hours NT Adverse reaction: Fever; rash; diarrhea, nausea, vomiting Special consideration: ASSESSMENT Screen for the following, which are possible contraindications and cautions for the use of the drug: known allergy to any penicillin, because cross-sensitivity often occurs. Note respiratory status to provide a baseline for the occurrence of hypersensitivity reactions.

PATIENT EDUCATION Provide adequate fluids to replace fluid loss with diarrhea Caution patient to notify health care professional if fever and diarrhea occur, especially if stool contains blood, pus, or mucus. Advise patient or SO not to treat diarrhea without consulting to health care professional. May occur up to several weeks after discontinuing of medication.

Name of drug: Paracetamol Drug Classification: Antipyretics Indication: For temporary relief of fever and minor aches and pains. Drug action (Pharmacokinetics): Paracetamol exhibits analgesic action by peripheral blockage of pain impulse generation. It produces antipyresis by inhibiting the hypothalamic heat-regulating centre. Its weak anti-inflammatory activity is related to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in the CNS. Availability/stock (Drug preparation): 0.5 mL q 4 hours PRN if temperature is > 37.8 Degrees Celsius Contraindication: hypersensitivity to the drug Adverse reaction: Nausea, allergic reactions, skin rashes, acute renal tubular necrosis. Special consideration: ASSESSMENT Assess fever; note presence of associated signs. Assess for any adverse effects, such as: Nausea, allergic reactions, skin rashes, acute renal tubular necrosis. PATIENT EDUCATION May be taken with or without meals Continue Tepid sponge bath Re-check temperature after 30minutes If fever persist, administer Paracetamol after 4 hours.