Candidate Name

CTG .

YISHUN JUNIOR COLLEGE JC 1 BLOCK TEST 2008

PHYSICS
HIGHER 2

9745
27 June 2008
FRIDAY 2 hrs 30 mins

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INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Do not open this booklet until you are told to do so. Write your name and CTG in the spaces provided on the cover page. Answer all questions in Section A and Section B. For Section A, record your answers in the table provided on Page 3. For Section B, working must be shown clearly in the spaces provided. Read the instructions for each section carefully before answering the questions. Section A /20 Section B Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Penalty Total /100 /10 /15 /15 /15 /15 /10

This question paper consists of 22 printed pages.

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2 Data molar gas constant, the Avogadro constant, the Boltzmann constant, acceleration of free fall, R NA k g = = = = 8.31 J K-1 mol-1 6.02 1023 mol-1 1.38 10-23 J K-1 9.81 m s-2

Formulae uniformly accelerated motion, s = v2 =

work done on/by a gas, hydrostatic pressure

ut +

1 2 at 2

u2 + 2as pV

W = p =

gh

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Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (20 marks) Answer all questions. For each question, there are four possible answers A, B, C and D. Record your choices in the table below.

Q1 Q6 Q11 Q16

Q2 Q7 Q12 Q17

Q3 Q8 Q13 Q18

Q4 Q9 Q14 Q19

Q5 Q10 Q15 Q20

Given that Q = mc(), where Q is the heat gained by an object, m is the mass of the object, c is the specific heat capacity of the object and is the change in thermodynamic temperature of the object. What are the base units of c? A B C D m s-2 K-1 m2 s-2 K-1 kg m s-2 K-1 kg m2 s-2 K-1

In an experiment, the length and breadth of a rectangular card were found to be (64 2) mm and (47 1) mm respectively. What was the actual uncertainty in the value of the area of the card? A B C D 70 mm2 90 mm2 100 mm2 200 mm2

Two forces of 6.0 N and 8.0 N act on an object. Which of the following could not be the resultant force acting on it? A B C D 1.0 N 2.0 N 7.0 N 10 N

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4 A man makes a standing broad jump covering a range of 2.1 m. Considering the man as a point mass and the path he makes as a parabola. Find the maximum height of his jump given that his average horizontal speed is 3.8 m s 1. A B C D 5 0.26 m 0.31 m 0.37 m 0.55 m

A cannon ball is fired to hit a target some distance away.

Taking upwards as positive, which of the following graphs best describes the variation of the vertical component of the cannon balls velocity with time?
vy vy vy vy

t t t t

A 6

A fireworks explosion created five fragments that displayed the following trajectories which are drawn to scale. Assuming that the effects of air-resistance are not significant, which of the four other fragments will most likely share the same time of flight as fragment P?

C P

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11 A feather falls vertically towards the ground at terminal velocity. Which of the following statements accurately describes the forces acting on the feather? A B C D The weight of the feather is larger than the sum of upthrust and air resistance acting on it. The upthrust acting on the feather is zero since it is not falling through liquid. The air resistance experienced by the feather remains constant during the motion. The upthrust acting on the feather is equal to the mass of the air it displaces.

12

A canopy of uniform density is supported by a metal rod as shown in the diagram. What is the direction of the reaction force exerted by the hinge pin on the canopy?

R S
rod

Q
canopy hinge pin

P
A B C D 13 PQ QP PR PS

Consider the same diagram in Q12. The weight of the canopy is 1.5 times the magnitude of the tension in the rod. If the canopy is inclined at 25 above the horizontal, what is the angle RQP made between the rod and the canopy? A B C D 25 43 65 72

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14 A 3.0 kg steel ball strikes a wall with a speed of 10 m s-1 at an angle of 60 with the surface. It bounces off with the same angle and speed. What is the impulse acting on the ball? 60

60 A B C D 15 0.0 N s 30 N s 52 N s 60 N s

A 1.0 kg block slides down a rough slope at an acceleration of 1.0 m s-2. What is the direction of the force exerted by the slope on the block? B A C D

30

16

A ball bounces on the floor. Which of the following statements about the momenta of the ball and the Earth is true? A B C The change in momentum of the Earth on each impact by the ball is zero. The change in momentum of the ball on each impact is caused by the gravity acting on it. The momentum of the ball remains constant after each bounce with the floor.

17

D The change in total momentum of the ball and the earth is zero. A 400 g apple is placed on a smooth table. A 100 g arrow travelling at 50 m s-1 strikes the apple. What is the speed of the arrow and apple after the collision? A B C D 10 m s-1 20 m s-1 30 m s-1 40 m s-1

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18 Three blocks, each of mass m and height h, are arranged in the configuration as shown below. Calculate the net work done by a student in changing the configuration from X to Y.

X A B C D 19 -mgh -2mgh -3mgh 0

Calculate the net work done by the system of forces as shown in the figure if the body moves by a displacement of 2.0 m to the right.

s = 2.0 m
5.0 N 3.0 N
30

10 N

5.0 N
A B C D 11.3 J 17.4 J -11.3 J -17.4 J

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20 A car moving along a road experiences air drag and friction given by the following two equations: Air drag, D: Friction, f: D = k1v2 f = k2N

What is the power generated by the engine if the car is moving at a constant velocity, v? A B C D k1v2 + k2N k1v2 k2N (k1v2 + k2N )v k1v3

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Section B: Structured Questions (80 marks) Answer all questions. Show your workings clearly in the spaces provided. 1 (a) A hypothetical equation proposes that M = P( 2 Q 3 R2), where Q has a derived unit of J, and P has a unit of s2. (i) Deduce the base units of R. [2]

Base units = .. (ii) Deduce the base units of M. [2]

Base units = .. (b) Another equation suggests C = 3 A 4 B, where A = (5.0 0.2) kg m s-1, and B = (1.50 0.02) kg m s-1. (i) Find the fractional uncertainty of C. [2]

Fractional uncertainty = ..

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Y 2 / 3C . Z 1/ 2

(ii)

Hence, express X with its associated uncertainty if X 1 / 3 = Given that Y = (18.9 0.1) m3 and Z = (2.80 0.02) m2.

[4]

X = ... 2 Fig. 2.1 shows the variation of a bungee-jumpers velocity v with time t. It covers the period from the moment when the man fell from the platform, to the moment when he first reached the point nearest to ground. The effects of air-resistance can be neglected in this question. Use only the information from the graph to answer the following questions.

v / m s1

35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
t/s

Fig. 2.1

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(a) Suggest with a reason why the graph is a straight line from t = 0 to t = 3.0 s. [1]

(b) Show that the acceleration due to free-fall, g, is 10 m s2.

[1]

(c) Show that the magnitude of the mans acceleration at t = 5.4 s was about 32 m s2.

[2]

(d) Show that the total extension of the rope was about 55 m.

[2]

(e)

Given that the man is 60 kg, use the answers in (b), (c) and (d) to find the force constant, k, of the rope.

[3]

k = . N m-1

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(f) Sketch on Fig. 2.2 the acceleration-time graph of the bungee-jumper, and label all critical values. a / m s2 [3]

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

t/s

Fig. 2.2

(g) The human body has a certain threshold of experiencing the greatest amount of acceleration without injury. State and explain whether a rope of a higher or lower spring constant should be used in order to reduce the maximum acceleration experienced during the activity. ...

[3]

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4 (a) Define the Archimedes Principle. [1]

.... .... ....

(b) Fig. 4.1 shows a 0.35 kg solid copper cylinder, suspended vertically from a wire, and fully immersed into a beaker of liquid of density 500 kg m -3.

Fig. 4.1 (i) If the density of copper is 8.92 x 103 kg m-3, calculate the upthrust acting on the cylinder. [2]

Upthrust = N (ii) Hence, find the tension in the wire. [2]

Tension = N

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(iii) The cylinder is replaced by a hollow copper pipe as shown in Fig. 4.2. It is also fully submerged in the liquid. If the mass and material of the pipe is the same as the cylinder, discuss whether the answer to (ii) will be affected. [3]

liquid seeps through

Fig. 4.2

... ... ... ... ... ... ...

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(c) Fig. 4.1 is a part of a lever system as shown in Fig. 4.3. A 9.0 m uniform beam is kept horizontal by placing a block of ice at 2.5 m away from the pivot.

2.5 m

Fig. 4.3 (i) If the pivot is positioned at the centre of the beam, express the weight of the ice block, Wi, in terms of the tension in the string, T. [1]

Wi = . (ii) If the force exerted by the pivot on the beam is N, express the weight of the beam, Wb, in terms of Wi, T and N. [1]

Wb = (iii) State whether the beam can maintain rotational equilibrium in the following scenarios. Write down the direction of the net torque present if rotational equilibrium is not achievable. (1) Ice starts to melt and evaporation takes place from the melted ice. [5]

... ...
(2) Evaporation takes place from the liquid in the beaker so that the cylinder becomes partially submerged in the liquid.

... ...

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(3) A wire of a larger spring constant is used.

... ...

5 (a)

State the principle of conservation of momentum. ... ...

[2]

(b)

When a 5.0 g bullet is fired from a 10 kg rifle, the relationship between the force exerted on the bullet and the time is shown in Fig. 5.1. F/N 4000 3000 2000 1000 t / ms 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0

Fig 5.1 (i) Calculate the final speed of the bullet. [3]

Final speed = m s1

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(ii) Calculate the recoil speed of the rifle. [2]

Recoil speed = m s1

(iii)

A sniper is holding the rifle with the butt of the rifle against his shoulder. [2] Explain why it is relatively less dangerous to be hit by the recoil of the rifle as to be hit by the bullet. ... ... ...

(c)

The 1300 kg tractor pulls a 2150 kg trailer as shown in Fig. 5.2. The total resistance to motion has a constant value of 3000 N. The resistive force on the tractor is twice that of the trailer.

Trailer

Tractor

Fig. 5.2

(i)

Draw a force diagram of the trailer.

[2]

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(ii)

Calculate the force exerted on the trailer by the tractor, F1, when the tractor and trailer are moving at an acceleration of 1.90 m s-2 to the right.

[2]

F1 = . N (iii) Hence, calculate the driving force of the tractor, F2. [2]

F2 = . N 6 (a) Considering the work done on a body, derive the formulae for kinetic energy. [3]

(b) A bird has a mass of 200 g. When it returns to its nest, it is travelling horizontally at P with a speed of 12.0 m s-1 and at a distance 6.0 m below its nest. It then glides upwards to the nest, as shown in Fig. 6. Air resistance can be neglected.

nest bird P Fig. 6 6.0 m

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(i)

Calculate the kinetic energy of the bird at P.

[1]

Kinetic energy = .. J (ii) Find the total gain in potential energy as the bird glides upwards to its nest. [2]

Gain in potential energy = .. J (iii) Determine the birds speed as it reaches its nest. [2]

Speed = .. m s-1 (iv) If the bird exerts a 2.0 N force on the air using its wings to come to a stop, calculate the instantaneous power exerted by the bird at the speed calculated in (iii). [2]

Instantaneous power = W

END OF PAPER

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