CH 03 B

U S M C C o n c e p t s & P r o g r a ms 2 0 1 0
chapter
56
chapter 3: programs
PROGRAMS
Introduction
The Marine Corps primary role in the 21st Century is to be the Nations expedi-
tionary force-in-readiness that provides combined-arms operating forces, including
integrated aviation and logistical components, for service as part of naval, joint, and
combined forces world wide. Marine forces magnify the projection of U.S. forces, en-
suring that they remain influential in peacetime, compelling in crisis, and decisive in
war. As we look ahead, we will return to our roots of a lighter, faster, hard-hitting, expe-
ditionary and sea-based Marine Corps that is reliant on agility, shock, and surprise.
Innovation and fiscal responsibility continue to be hallmarks of the Marine Corps.
We continue to invest limited resources to restore combat capability and enhance our
Marines readiness at home and in overseas operating areas. We are constantly moni-
toring our total investment requirements against changing demands. In Marine Corps
ground and aviation programs, for example, we continue to test, develop, and procure
dual-use systems and employ emerging technology. Throughout, however, our focus
remains on the individual Marines ability to carry out the tasks at hand.
Chapter Three of this 2010 edition of Concepts and Programs provides information
on Marine Corps programs of record and major end-item equipment, which will en-
sure that current and future Marines have what they need to accomplish the mission.
57
Acquisition Categories (ACAT)
The Department of Defense cat- have research and development fund-

egorizes acquisition programs into ing in excess of $140 million or pro-
several categories, generally based on curement funding in excess of $660
their cost or testing requirements. This million. They are also known as Major
categorization is then used to identify Systems. The Marine Corps currently
oversight and approval requirements. funds three ACAT II programs, includ-
A description of the most commonly ing Medium Tactical Vehicle Replace-
discussed levels follows. ment and Common Aviation Com-
ACAT I: These are the largest ac- mand and Control System. It also leads
quisition programs and are also known one joint ACAT II program, which is
as Major Defense Acquisition Pro- the Lightweight 155mm Howitzer, and
grams (MDAP). To achieve this level participates in two other joint ACAT II
of designation, a program must exceed programs.
$365 million in research and develop- ACAT III: Programs that do not
ment funding or exceed $2.190 billion meet the cost threshold for ACAT I or
in procurement funding. The Marine II and involve combat capability are
Corps currently leads two ACAT I designated ACAT III or IV programs.
programsthe Advanced Amphibious Within the Marine Corps, the desig-
Assault Vehicle Program, which will nation generally depends on the level
produce the Expeditionary Fighting of program management and over-
Vehicle, and the V-22 Osprey Program. sight assigned by Commander, Marine
The Marine Corps also participates in Corps Systems Command. The Marine
numerous joint ACAT I programs, in- Corps currently manages more than
cluding Global Broadcast Service and 20 ACAT III programs, leads approxi-
the Joint Tactical Radio System. ACAT mately 12 joint ACAT III programs,
I programs have two subcategories: and participates in another 27 joint
ACAT IC and ACAT ID. ACAT III programs. This level includes
ACAT IA: These are the largest au- less-than-major AIS programs.
tomated information system (AIS) ac- ACAT IV: ACAT programs not
quisition programs. There are several otherwise designated ACAT I, IA, II,
cost thresholds for this level, which or III are designated ACAT IV. ACAT
include AIS programs with single year IV programs have two subcategories:
funding, in all appropriations, in ex- ACAT IV(T) programs, which require
cess of $32 million; total program cost operational test and evaluation, and
in excess of $126 million; or total life- ACAT IV(M) programs, which do not.
cycle costs in excess of $378 million. The Marine Corps currently manages
ACAT IA programs have two subcat- nearly 90 such programs, and leads
egories: ACAT IAM and ACAT IAC. or participates in more than 20 joint
ACAT II: These programs do not ACAT IV programs.
meet the threshold for ACAT I, but
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chapter 3: programs
Acquisition Phases and Terms

Material Solution Analysis Phase (Milestone A): This is the pre-system ac-
quisition phase, during which initial concepts are refined and technical risk is
reduced. Two major efforts may be undertaken in this phase. The first phase con-
sists of short-term concept studies that refine and evaluate alternative solutions
to the initial concept, and provide a basis for assessing the relative merits of these
alternatives. The second phase is an iterative discovery and development process
designed to assess the viability of technologies, while simultaneously refining user
requirements.
Engineering and Manufacturing Development (Milestone B): This is the
phase in which a system is developed. Work in this phase includes reduction of
integration and manufacturing risk; ensuring operational supportability; human
systems engineering; design for the ability to produce; and demonstration of
system integration, interoperability, and utility.
Production and Deployment (Milestone C): This is the phase in which the
operational capability that satisfies mission needs is ensured through operational
test and evaluation. This evaluation determines a systems effectiveness, suitabil-
ity, and survivability. The designated Milestone Decision Authority may decide to
commit to production at Milestone C, either through low-rate initial production
for major defense acquisition programs, or full production or procurement for
other systems.
A Non-developmental Item (NDI): An NDI is any previously developed item
of supply used exclusively for government purposes by a federal agency, a state or
local government, or a foreign government with which the United States has a mu-
tual defense cooperation agreement. An NDI requires only minor modifications
or modifications of the type customarily available in the commercial marketplace
in order to meet the requirements of the Marine Corps.
Initial Operational Capability (IOC): In general, attained when some units
and/or organizations in the force structure scheduled to receive a system have
received it and have the ability to employ and maintain it. The specifics for any
particular system IOC are defined in that systems Capability Development Doc-
ument (CDD) and Capability Production Document (CPD).
Full Operational Capability (FOC): In general, attained when all units and/
or organizations in the force structure scheduled to receive a system have received
it and have the ability to employ and maintain it. The specifics for any particu-
lar system FOC are defined in that systems Capability Development Document
(CDD) and Capability Production Document (CPD).
59
part 1:
The Individual Marine
chapter 3: programs
Introduction
The Individual Marine is the heart and soul of the Nations Marine Corps.
The individual Marine is trained, educated, and equipped to operate across the
broadest spectrum of missions and tasks a two-fisted fighter highly effective
in major contingencies but equally capable in irregular warfare and responding to
crises worldwide.
While todays Marines are superbly operating in every clime and place, it is a
leadership obligation to Marines, their families, and the Nation to be prepared for
tomorrow. With the growth of the Marine Corps to 202,000 Marines, the individual
Marine will remain the number-one priority. While a Marines focus in the field is on
excellence and mission accomplishment, the focus of Marine Corps programs is on the
tools needed for operational success; Marines deserve nothing but the best that the
Nation can afford.
The commitment to Marines extends to those who have returned with severe
injuries. The Wounded Warrior Regiment is the key to continuing to provide and
facilitate assistance to wounded, ill, or injured Marines and their family members
throughout the phases of recovery. Likewise, the Marine Corps looks to Marine fami-
lies as a source of strength, particularly when their loved ones are deployed overseas.
The Marine Corps will provide them with the necessary support network during those
periods of separation. In short, Marines take care of their own.
61
Quality of Life (QOL)
As an institution, the success of the eral years, Marines continue to report

Marine Corps is inextricably linked to strong levels of satisfaction with their
personal and family readiness. Meet- quality of life.
ing the reasonable QOL expectations Marine Corps Community Ser-
of Marines and families supports this vices (MCCS) provides more than 80
effort, improves unit readiness, and programs, including the Marine Corps
reinforces the recruiting and retention Exchange (MCX), that support unit
mission. The Marine Corps is com-
commanders in fulfilling personal and
mitted to enhancing and sustaining
family readiness responsibilities. The
the quality of life of Marines and their
MCX is committed to providing de-
families. The Commandant and senior
sired products and outstanding value;
Marine Corps leadership place great
emphasis on improving QOL and reg- and an aggressive construction pro-
ularly conduct town hall meetings to gram focuses on ensuring clean and
hear directly about the issues and con- modern facilities.
cerns of Marines and family members. The Marine Corps will continue
The Marine Corps measures QOL to monitor the QOL of Marines and
satisfaction in areas such as resi- their families and will re-administer
dence, leisure and recreation, health the QOL in the Marine Corps study in
and health care, income and standard 2010. This study has been conducted
of living, job satisfaction, and spouse in 1993, 1998, 2003, and 2007 under
career opportunities. The most recent the sponsorship of the Deputy Com-
survey indicates that, despite the high mandant for Manpower and Reserve
operational tempo during the past sev- Affairs (M&RA).
62
chapter 3: programs
Taking Care of Marines and Families
rectly for unit commanders in support of

Marine and family readiness responsibili-
ties. Some 8,500 Marines and their fam-
ily members enrolled in the EFMP are
now receiving case management services
aimed at providing a continuum of care
to facilitate a seamless transition from in-
stallation to installation. Recognizing that
military children face unique challenges
due to the mobile lifestyle of their parents,
school liaison positions have been estab-
lished at every Marine Corps installation,
as well as at the regional and national lev-
Todays Marines carry on a proud el to address issues such as entrance and
tradition of being ready to answer the graduation requirements and transfer of
Nations call at a moments notice, serv- records. MCFTB is an MCCS program
ing with distinction in the face of great that provides high-quality training to
challenges. The rigors of the military life- support the life cycle of the Marine and
style are challenging not only to Marines family through mission, career, and life
but also to their families, who must cope events. These improvements and initia-
with separations, relocations, and fre- tives, funded in FY 2008 and 2009 largely
quent deployments. The Marine Corps through supplemental appropriations,
is committed to supporting the efforts will be sustained as part of the baseline
of Marines and their families to adjust to MCCS budget.
and overcome the unique challenges they Long-Term Transition Efforts. The
are facing. availability of quality, affordable child
Transitioning to a Wartime Footing. care continues to be a major QOL con-
Based on a series of assessments, surveys, cern of Marine families. While the num-
focus groups, and town hall meetings, ber of on-installation child care spaces
the Commandant of the Marine Corps increases through construction of Child
directed a major transformation of fam- Development Centers, the Marine Corps
ily support programs, a multi-year effort is using multiple strategies to address the
already well underway. The Unit Personal requirements of parents away from Ma-
and Family Readiness program (UPFRP), rine Corps stations and bases.
the Exceptional Family Member program Another important QOL concern for
(EFMP), School Liaison, and Marine Marines and their families is the ability
Corps Family Team Building (MCFTB) of the spouse to establish and maintain
program represent the fundamental a career regardless of the sponsors duty
change that the Commandants direction station. The Marine Corps Family Mem-
will bring in how programs are delivered. ber Employment Assistance Program
There are now more than 400 full-time (FMEAP) is developing comprehensive
Family Readiness Officers working di- and integrated strategies to build on re-
63
cent initiatives to provide portable careers Additional staffing initiatives include

and education funding, and to support the establishment of regional, installa-
employment, training, and educational tion, and unit-level Sexual Assault Pro-
requirements of spouses. gram Coordinators, as well as the expan-
The Transition Assistance Manage- sion of combat stress control capabilities
ment Program (TAMP) is often the fi- through the Operational Stress Control
nal contact Marines have while on active and Readiness (OSCAR) program. OS-
duty with the many support programs CAR is focused on proving direct support
available. The Marine Corps is currently to all active and reserve ground combat
exploring opportunities to maximize the elements, with the ultimate goal of sup-
effectiveness of this program by more ef- porting all elements of the Marine Air
ficiently connecting Marines and their Ground Task Force (MAGTF).
families to education, training, and jobs In order to enable the widest access
as they prepare to transition from the ac- to family support programs, especially for
tive duty Marine Corps. Reserve and independent duty Marines
The Marine Corps has seen increases and their families, the Marine Corps is
in suicides, domestic violence, substance studying the potential of community-
abuse, and sexual assault in recent years, based program delivery, rather than the
highlighting the need for improved pre- traditional installation-based model. In
vention efforts and corrective policies and doing so, the Marine Corps would maxi-
procedures in behavioral health programs. mize use of other federal and state agencies
The Marine Corps has undertaken a ma- to meet the needs of this population. In
jor effort in suicide prevention with a new, areas where community-based programs
high-impact training program taught by do not have capacity or are unavailable,
non-commissioned officers (NCO) that such as remote and isolated commands,
equips them to be the first line of defense, efforts will be focused on increasing ca-
recognizing an NCOs key role in keep- pabilities aboard the installation.
ing Marines safe and ready. The Marine The Marine Corps is committed to
Corps will continue to pursue multiple sustaining the significant progress under-
initiatives to prevent suicides, which in- way to assure personal and family readi-
clude reevaluating existing programs de- ness, continuing to aggressively reassess,
signed to reduce the stressors associated evaluate, and further transition Corps-
with suicidal behavior, developing and wide Marine and family support capabili-
distributing new prevention programs, ties. This unending effort gives quantifi-
refreshing and expanding training ma- able meaning to the mission of Taking
terials, and establishing installation-level Care of Marines and their Families.
suicide prevention specialists.
64
chapter 3: programs
Wounded Warrior Regiment (WWR)
support that focuses on wounded war-

riors abilities as they look to their future.
WWR provides a wide range of assistance
including:
Providing guidance regarding the
medical and physical evaluation board
processes;
Assisting with filing Traumatic Service
Members Group Life Insurance (TS-
GLI) claims and adjudicating all Ma-
rine Corps claims for TSGLI benefits;
Coordinating charitable gifts,
donations, or other types of offers
of assistance;
Coordinating and overseeing non-med-
ical case management during recovery;
Ensuring the same level of medical care
regardless of geographic location;
Overseeing the transition from Depart-
ment of Defense care to Department of
Veterans Affairs care;
Provide assistance to WII Marines with
pay and entitlement issues;
The mission of the WWR is to pro- Facilitating Department of Labor em-
vide and facilitate non-medical care to ployment opportunities for separating
combat and non-combat wounded, ill, WII Marines.
and injured (WII) Marines and Sailors at- The WWRs structure rests upon
tached to, or in direct support of, Marine four main elements: face-to-face contact
units and their family members through- during all phases of recovery; close work-
out all phases of recovery. The Regimen- ing relationships with other government
tal Headquarters element, located in
organizations; open lines of communica-
Quantico, VA, commands the operations
of two Wounded Warrior battalions lo- tion with WII Marines and their families;
cated at Camp Pendleton, CA and Camp and forward-looking program assess-
Lejeune, NC. The regiment provides ments and future planning.
guidance, direction, and oversight to the The WWR maintains face-to-face
Marine Corps wounded warrior process contact when providing information
through a single commander and elimi- and assistance to service members, fami-
nates any gaps in the medical recovery lies and medical facility staff. The WWR
system through unity of command and commands Recovery Care Coordinators,
effort. These wounded warriors are still who are geographically located through-
very much in the fight, and the regiment out the country, to oversee the Marine
strives to craft positive programs and Corps comprehensive recovery care pro-
65
gram to the WII Marines. District Injured Open communication is critical

Support Cells conduct visits and tele- for identifying and resolving problems
phone outreach to Reserve and former encountered by our WII Marines and
Marines dispersed throughout the coun- Sailors. The Sergeant Merlin German
try. Inspector-Instructor sites assist with Wounded Warrior Call Center (1-877-
the patient affairs mission at civilian hos- 487-6299) receives calls from WII Marines
pitals without patient affairs team (PAT) and their families and conducts outreach
detachments. The WWR further relies on calls to those who have been wounded, ill
both Marine Corps liaisons at Depart- or injured since 2001. Additionally, a toll
ment of Veterans Affairs Poly-trauma Re- free number (1-866-645-8762) was estab-
habilitation Centers and Naval Hospital lished in Landstuhl, Germany for families
Liaisons to ensure personal contact when
to contact their Marines and Sailors med-
assisting WII Marines.
ically evacuated out of theater.
Building close working relationships
with other governmental agencies is an In preparation for the challenges as-
important element of solving problems sociated with caring for WII in the years
for our WII Marines and Sailors. WWR and decades to come, WWR established
has two field grade officers at the Depart- the Future Initiatives and Transformation
ment of Veterans Affairs Federal Recov- Team (FITT). The FITT conducts assess-
ery Coordinators Office to facilitate the ments of current programs to find need-
transition process and the receipt of ben- ed improvements and refine processes
efits. WWR has both a Department of La- while also identifying tools and resources
bor representative and a Department of needed to tackle the future challenges in
Veterans Affairs representative at the Reg- Wounded Warrior care.
imental headquarters who work in the
Transition Assistance Cell to find jobs for
transitioning WII Marines and Sailors.
66
chapter 3: programs
The Infantry Automatic Rifle (IAR)
Program Status
The IAR program entered the system
development and demonstration phase
during second quarter FY 2008 following
a successful Milestone B decision. A suc-
cessful Milestone C decision was achieved
in fourth quarter FY 2009 and the program
is currently in the production and deploy-
ment phase. Initial operational testing and
evaluation is scheduled to conclude by third
quarter FY 2010. Initial operational capa-
bility (IOC) is scheduled to be achieved
during first quarter FY 2011, and full op-
Description
erational capability (FOC) is scheduled to
The IAR program seeks to replace the
be achieved during second quarter FY 2012.
current M249 Squad Automatic Weapon
(SAW) in all infantry, and light armored The Heckler and Koch 416 was selected
reconnaissance squads. The IAR will be a as the USMC IAR.
non-developmental, 5.56mm automatic
Procurement Profile: FY 2010 FY 2011
rifle that is lighter, more durable, more
Quantity: 4,454 2,957
accurate, and more reliable than the
M249 SAW. Developer/Manufacturer:
Heckler and Koch, Newington, NH
Operational Impact
Use of the automatic rifle will signifi-
cantly enhance the automatic riflemans
maneuverability and displacement speed,
while providing the ability to suppress or
destroy targets of most immediate con-
cern to the fire team.
67
Modular Weapon System (MWS)
Operational Impact
The MWS significantly improves the
ability to mount various accessories and
will enhance accuracy, target detection,
and engagement capabilities in both day
and night conditions.
Program Status
Fielding of the MWS began in FY
Description
2003. An increase in the Approved Acqui-
The M16A4 rifle and an M4 carbine
sition Objective (AAO) due to complete
are the two weapons that satisfy the capa-
replacement of M16A2 rifles Marine
bility requirements of the MWS program.
Corps-wide has extended fielding through
An M1913 Rail Adapter System (RAS) re-
FY 2011. The AAO is now approximately
places the upper hand guards and incor-
191,372 M16A4 rifles and approximately
porates a removable rear-carrying handle
83,344 M4 carbines.
that were standard on M16A2 rifles. The
RAS provides the capability to mount Procurement Profile: FY 2010 FY 2011
various accessories, including a modified M16A4 19,103 5,000
M203 launching system, high-intensity M4 8,333 0
flashlights, infrared laser illuminators,
and optics. The MWS M4 carbine variant Developer/Manufacturer:
is selectively fielded to Marines whose bil- M4: Colt Manufacturing Company, Inc.,
Hartford, CT
lets and/or missions require the use of the
shorter carbine. M16A4: Fabrique National Military Industries,
Columbia, SC
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chapter 3: programs
Tactical Handheld Radio (THHR) Family of Systems (FoS)
IISR is capable of both analog and digital

operation.
The THHR is a secure handheld unit
that supports the communications re-
quirements of all elements of the MAGTF.
The THHR operates in the AM and FM
bands of the 30-512 MHz frequency spec-
trum, containing embedded communica-
tions security, and is interoperable with
other radio systems, such as Single-Chan-
nel Ground and Airborne Radio System
(SINGARS) and HAVEQUICK II, in the
single-channel mode and frequency-hop-
ping modes. In addition to the THHR,
two vehicular amplification kits are in-
cluded: the Dual Vehicle Adapter (DVA)
Description and the Single Vehicle Adapter (SVA).
The THHR FoS has several non- The DVAs/SVAs are vehicular product
developmental, tactical handheld, and lines that are fully interoperable with the
amplified vehicular radio sets that pro- Marine Corps current inventory of com-
vide reliable tactical communications, in- bat net radios.
cluding a retransmission capability. The
Marine Corps has a requirement for two
handheld radios: the Intra/Inter Squad Operational Impact
Radio (IISR) and the THHR. Legacy tactical handheld equipment
The IISR is designed to provide small, within the Marine Corps exceeded its ex-
lightweight, handheld tactical communi- pected life span and was rarely used. As a
cations to infantry squads and fire teams result, the handheld units primarily con-
to facilitate squad command and control, sisted of locally purchased, commercially
enabling squad members to communi- available radios that were not interopera-
cate in tactical situations where hand and ble with Marine Corps combat net radios.
arm signals and voice communications The THHR FoS consolidates and exceeds
are not practical. The IISR acts as a wire- legacy capabilities, lightens the combat
less intercom and possesses enough pow- load of individual Marines and small
er to provide effective communications in units, reduces tactical handheld radio op-
open terrain, heavy vegetation, and urban erating costs, and provides line-of-sight
environments. The IISR operates in the radios into every tactical vehicle. The
AM and FM bands of the 380-470 mega- current versions of the THHR FoS have
hertz (MHz) frequency spectrum. The the expectations to remain in the Marine
69
Corps inventory until the Joint Tactical Developer/Manufacturer:

Radio System (JTRS) solution reaches its AN/PRC-152/AN/VRC-110/AN/VRC-112:
Harris Corporation, Inc., Rochester, NY
full operational capability (FOC).
AN/PRC-153: Motorola, Columbia, MD
AN/PRC-148/AN/VRC-111: Thales
Program Status Communications, Inc., Clarksburg, MD
The THHR FoS is in the post Mile-
stone C phase of the acquisition process.
All systems have been procured. Presently,
six end-items are currently in the inven-
tory: AN/PRC-153 (IISR); AN/PRC-148
(THHR), with its associated AN/VRC-
111 DVA; and the AN/PRC-152 (THHR),
with its associated AN/VRC-110 DVA and
AN/VRC-112 SVA. The Marine Corps
AAOs are 51,463 IISRs, 19,786 THHRs,
9,947 DVAs, and 14,930 SVAs.
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chapter 3: programs
Marine Expeditionary Rifle Squad (MERS)
integrate the rifle squads equipment.

The program has founded the
GRUNTWORKS Squad Integration Fa-
cility. GRUNTWORKS provides a venue
to engineer, evaluate, and try the capa-
bilities and limitations of all equipment
in development and under consideration
for procurement that will be delivered to
the infantry squad. This dynamic facility
employs a human factors lab, equipment
prototyping and modification workshop,
a mobility platform integration area, and
an infantry immersive environment fo-
cused on equipment evaluation in a for-
eign environment to accomplish equip-
ment modernization and integration
initiatives. Human factors and ergonom-
ics are applied to the physical integration
of the infantry squads equipment. The
physiological and performance impacts
of fielding new equipment creates a con-
The MERS is a program charged stant set of trade-offs between weight and
with applying a systems engineering ap- volume management, comfort, usability,
proach to equipping a Marine rifle squad, simplicity, lethality, survivability, mobil-
the most fundamental warfighting unit. ity, sustainment, and training given that it
The focus of the program is to view the must perform in combat in any clime and
Marine rifle squad in a holistic manner place. MERS will highlight these trade
one in which the squad comprises a offs and refine solutions that incorporate
whole much more effective than the sum the capabilities of the Marine rifle squad
of its individual members. The integra- as an integrated system.
tion and configuration management of MERS works closely with the Marine
all components that are worn, carried, Corps Combat Development Command
and consumed by the squad will increase (MCCDC) MERS capabilities develop-
lethality, mobility, and flexibility of in- ment officer and the Headquarters, U.S.
fantry forces. MERS is the steward of the Marine Corps Plans, Policy & Operations
Marine rifle squads suite of equipment MERS infantry advocate. The triad has
and works with all the program manag- established an Integrated Infantry Work-
ers at Marine Corps Systems Command ing Group in order to ensure that the
(MARCORSYSCOM) to optimize and operating forces are equipped with opti-
71
mal solutions. Infantry battalion surveys I ntegration of the various unique items
are continuously conducted in theater carried in the billet positions within the
and post deployment in order to identify squad
trends and issues with infantry equip- The MERS Program Office is also the
ment. Integration efforts during 2010 enhanced company operations (ECO)
include: equipping coordinator for MARCOR-
Integration of all the items worn on a SYSCOM. MERS also coordinates the
Marines head into an optimized sys- research and development efforts for the
tem of components of a head-borne long-term objective of distributed opera-
system. tions. Infantry battalions are nominated
Improvements in weapon weight by the MEF for ECO equipping and new
characteristics and integration with equipment training. ECO equipment is
equipment that is worn. currently listed in the battalions table of
Command and Control / Situational equipment. The robust command and
Awareness integration and information control package combined with appro-
presentation methods. priate training will empower the NCO at
Squad electrical power analysis and the fire team and squad level and increase
power/data distribution on the Marine. the battalions capabilities to conduct
Integration and anthropometry of the warfighting.
Marine in mobility platforms under de-
velopment such as Joint Light Tactical
Vehicle and Marine Personnel Carrier.
72
chapter 3: programs
Infantry Combat Equipment (ICE)
immediate correction. In response, the

program developed the Improved MTV
(IMTV), comprising a vest with remov-
able soft armor panels that will provide
the same degree of fragmentation and di-
rect fire protection as the current MTV,
but at a reduced weight.
The SPC is used as an additional bal-
listic vest, not to replace the MTV, but to
provide additional warfighting effective-
ness by allowing greater maneuverability,
The Marine Corps ICE program con-
agility, and mobility with reduced ther-
tinues to pursue technological advance-
mal stress in high elevations, thick vegeta-
ments in personal protective equipment.
tion, and tropical environments than that
Fully recognizing the trade-off between
weight, protection, fatigue, and move- provided by the OTV/MTV. The SPC of-
ment restriction, the program is providing fers the same level of ballistic protection
Marines the latest in personal protective as the MTV but reduces overall weight
equipment, such as the Modular Tactical by reducing area coverage for fragmenta-
Vest (MTV), Scalable Plate Carrier (SPC), tion. The Plate Carrier (PC), which will
Full Spectrum Battle Equipment (FSBE), replace the SPC, uses a government de-
Flame Resistant Organizational Gear sign that improves shoulder comfort and
(FROG), Mountain Cold Weather Layer- cummerbund stability compared to pre-
ing System (MCWLS), and Three-Season viously fielded systems.
Sleep System (3S). The FSBE provides ballistic protec-
Combat operations in Iraq and Af- tion, brief underwater breathing capabil-
ghanistan have highlighted the need to ity, flotation, and limited load carriage
evolve the personal protective vest system. to meet the specific mission profiles re-
In February 2007, the Marine Corps began quired by the Marine Corps force recon-
transitioning to a newly designed MTV. naissance community, fleet anti-terrorism
This vest is close in weight to its predeces- security teams (FAST), and Marine Expe-
sor, the Outer Tactical Vest (OTV), but it ditionary Unit (MEU) helicopter assault
integrates easily with the other personal companies.
protection systems. It provides greater In February 2007, the Marine Corps
comfort through incorporation of state- began fielding FROG to all deployed and
of-the-art load carriage techniques, which deploying Marines. This lifesaving en-
better distribute a combat load over the semble of flame-resistant clothing items
torso and onto the hips of the Marine. In gloves, balaclava, long-sleeved under-
April 2009, critical deficiencies were iden- shirt, combat shirt, and combat trouser
tified with the fielded MTVs that required is designed to mitigate potential inju-
73
ries to Marines from flame exposure. The when wearing all of the provided insulat-
Marine Corps continues the spiral devel- ing clothing layers. Providing a greater
opment of FROG II to reduce weight and temperature range in which Marines can
increase comfort, durability, and flame- operate than the MSS, the 3S increases
resistant properties. the mobility and survivability of the in-
The MCWLS is in response to the dividual Marine.
needs of Marines operating in mountain Many of these initiatives come via the
environments, such as those in Afghani- Marine Enhancement Program(MEP).
stan. This system consists of the light- The MEP Working Group includes core
weight exposure suit, jacket, WindPro representatives from Plans, Policies and
fleece and cap, parka, trousers, and boots. Operations; MCCDC; and MARCORSY-
The upgraded base layers for MCWLS are
SCOM. Nominations for the MEP initia-
flame resistant and lightweight.
tives come from Marines via the website,
In September 2008, the Marine Corps
email and the Advocate, or through review
identified a need to provide a smaller and
of the U.S. Armys Soldiers Enhancement
lighter sleep system to replace the Modu-
Program (SEP) for capabilities matching
lar Sleep System. The 3S leverages tech-
nological advances in textiles and insula- a Marine Corps need. Nominated capa-
tion to increase environmental protection bilities must focus on commercial-off-
while reducing the weight and volume of the-shelf or Non-Developmental Items
the sleeping bag. The 3S, incorporating that can be executed quickly. The 2010
the existing layered clothing systems, pro- MEP priority list includes: Improved
vides 15 degrees greater protection, is one Helmet Suspension/Retention System;
pound lighter, and eight percent smaller Next-Generation Individual Load Bear-
than the green patrol bag in the Modular ing Equipment; Crew-Served Weapons
Sleep System (MSS). The 3S is designed Pack; Individual Water Purification Sys-
to be used at 20 degrees with lightweight tem; Tactical Assault Panel; and PVS-14
insulating layers, and as low as 10 degrees Night Vision Goggle Pouch.
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chapter 3: programs
Day Optics Systems
Description operator to keep both eyes open while

The AN/PVQ-31A (for the M16A4) engaging targets and maintain maximum
and AN/PVQ-31B (for the M4) rifle com- situational awareness.
bat optic (RCO) are the cornerstones of The MDO and SDO provide en-
the day optics program. The RCO is a hanced target identification and hit prob-
fixed 4X optical aiming sight designed ability for the M240G and M249 machine
for use with the rifles configured with the guns out to 1,000 and 800 meters, respec-
MIL-STD-1913 Rail Adapter System. It tively. MDO and SDO incorporate dual
attaches to the rail to provide the user a illumination technology using a fiber op-
targeting tool to engage distant daylight tic light source for daytime illumination
and near low-lit targets with increased and tritium for night and low-light use.
identification certainty. MDO and SDO are additionally provided
The SU-258/PVQ machine gun day with miniature reflex sights for enhanced
optic (MDO) and the SU-258/PVG squad situational awareness and engagements
day optic (SDO) initiatives are the solu- of close-range targets.
tions to rapidly fielding a 6X day optic for
the M240B and a 3.5X day optic for the Program Status
M249, respectively. A total of 211,430 RCOs have been
procured through FY 2009 with deliveries
Operational Impact ending in FY 2010. The MDO and SDOs
The RCO provides enhanced target were awarded in FY 2009 for procurement
identification and hit probability for the of 10,933 MDOs and 11,176 SDOs with
M4A1 and M16A4 rifle out to 800 me- deliveries occurring in FY 2010 through
ters. It incorporates dual illumination 2012.
technology using a fiber optic light source Developer/Manufacturer:
for daytime illumination and tritium for RCO/SDO/MDO: Trijicon Industries,
night and low-light use. This allows the Detroit, MI
75
Laser Targeting and Illumination Systems
Description able the Marine to rapidly and precisely

The AN/PEM-1 Laser Borelight Sys- fire the M203 40mm grenade launcher in
tem (LBS) is a Class 2 laser device that daylight, low light, and night conditions.
emits a highly collimated beam of visible
light for precise zeroing. This system fa- Operational Impact
cilitates zeroing of infrared illumination The AN/PEM-1 enables Marines to
(I2) sights, thermal weapon sights, and quickly and accurately establish or recon-
laser aiming devices. The AN/PEM-1 has firm battle site zero (BZO) to weapons
a low-power laser setting that is useful without consuming ammunition to verify
when performing weapon bore sighting the zero. The LBS is optimized for 5.56mm,
during daylight, low light, and darkness 7.62mm, and .50 caliber weapons.
conditions. Both the AN/PEQ-15 and the AN/
Both the AN/PEQ-15 advanced tar- PEQ-16A provide increased accuracy for
get pointer illumination aiming light every Marine by providing a laser aiming
(ATPIAL) and the AN/PEQ-16A mini- capability and the ability to illuminate
integrated pointer illuminator module targets in low light and night conditions
(MIPIM) are Class 3b laser devices that when using a night vision device.
provide a highly collimated beam of in- The AN/PEQ-18 gives the Marine the
frared energy for weapon aiming and an option of using a pinpoint target pointer
adjustable focus infrared beam for target or a wide flood beam with the quick twist
illumination. The AN/PEQ-16A also has of a switch and allows the Marines to use
a white light illuminator that provides three different power levels, low, high,
target identification and illumination and pulse.
without the use of night vision devices. The AN/PSQ-18A GLDNSM pro-
The AN/PEQ-18 high power laser vides Marine grenadiers increased first
pointer (HPLP) is a Class 4 infrared la- or second round accuracy to within five
ser pointer and illuminator for use with meters.
night vision or infrared sensitive camera
systems. The beam is adjustable from
tight pinpoint to a wide flood beam Program Status
with a quick twist of the lens. A multi- The AAO quantity for each is as
position switch allows the laser to oper- follows:
ate at three different power levels: LOW
(500mW); HIGH (900mW); and PULSE Procurement Profile: FY 2010 FY 2011
AN/PEM-1: 235 0
(1000mW@304Hz).
AN/PEQ-15: 2,635 0
The AN/PSQ-18A grenade launcher AN/PEQ-16A: 524 0
day/night sight mount (GLDNSM) is an AN/PEQ-18: 0 0
enhanced aiming device designed to en- AN/PSQ-18A 1,050 0
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chapter 3: programs
Developer/Manufacturer:
LBS: Insight Technology, Inc.,
Londonderry, NH
AN/PEQ-15: Insight Technology, Inc.,
Londonderry, NH
AN/PEQ-16A: Insight Technology, Inc.,
Londonderry, NH
AN/PEQ-18: B.E. Myers, Redman, WA
AN/PEQ-18A: Insight Technology, Inc.,
Londonderry, NH
77
part 2:
COMMAND and CONTROL
chapter 3: programs
Introduction
The Marine Corps Command and Control (C2) Initial Capabilities Document (ICD),
approved by the Joint Requirements Oversight Council in February 2008, and the
Marine Corps Functional Concept for Command and Control, approved in 2009, incor-
porate joint integrating concepts and C2 mandates and articulate our goal of delivering
end-to-end, fully integrated, cross-functional capability to include forward-deployed
and reach-back functions. This concept represents a fundamental shift in the way we
view and deal with the dynamic challenges of command and control. It emphasizes
that command and control must be leader centric and network enabled. As such, it
envisions network capabilities that will connect all elements and echelons of the Ma-
rine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) with joint forces and mission partners to cre-
ate unparalleled information sharing and collaboration, adaptive organizations, and
a greater unity of effort via synchronization and integration of force elements at the
lowest levels.
This concept assumes a complex, chaotic security environment, requiring
greater dependencies among joint, inter-agency, governmental, and multinational
partners. It describes how commanders can achieve decision superiority and imple-
ment effective military actions faster than adversaries. It also describes an evolving
command and control capability to enable multi-capable MAGTFs to integrate many
organizations into an effective team, while conducting operations across the range of
military operations.
The programs discussed in this section will enable MAGTF commanders to
exercise effective command and control and bring together all of the warfighting func-
tions into an effective fighting force. In addition, these programs support the ability of
the MAGTFs to participate in or lead joint and multinational operations. Importantly,
they will ensure that individual Marines understand their commanders intent and can
carry out complex operations in peacetime, crisis and war that safeguard vital
U.S. interests, citizens, and friends.
79
Theater Battle Management Core Systems (TBMCS)
Description Theater Air Ground System for the

TBMCS is an air war planning tool development and execution of the ATO.
mandated by the Chairman, Joint Chiefs It is a key system that supports ATO
of Staff for the generation, dissemination, planning and development and pro-
and execution of the Air Tasking Order/ vides the automated tools necessary to
Airspace Control Order (ATO/ACO). generate, disseminate and execute the
The host system resides with the Aviation ATO/ACO in joint, coalition, and Marine
Command Element in the Tactical Air Corps-only contingencies.
Command Center (TACC,) with remote
systems located throughout the Marine
Air Ground Task Force to allow dynamic Program Status
mission updates. TBMCS version 1.1.3 is now fielded
throughout the operating forces and the
joint community. Discussions between
Operational Impact joint, Marine Corps, and other service rep-
TBMCS is the principal aviation resentatives are developing a way ahead for
Command and Control (C2) tool with- sustainment of version 1.1.3 and the even-
in Marine aviation C2 systems and the tual transition to a new system.
Global Command and Control System (GCCS)
Description execute, and manage operations as well as

The GCCS uses joint system-of-re- the capability to report unit readiness.
cord software to provide select Command
and Control (C2) capabilities throughout Program Status
the Marine Corps to plan, execute, and The Approved Acquisition Object
manage operations, including unit readi- of 194 servers and 320 clients has been
ness reporting of personnel, equipment, achieved, and GCCS is in the sustainment
and training. Planning, executing, and phase of its acquisition life cycle, having
managing operations is done via the Joint reached Milestone C in 1997. GCCS will
Operations Planning and Execution Sys- continue to sustain software upgrades
tem (JOPES), and unit readiness report- across the Future Years Defense Plan as
ing is done via the Global Status of Re- well as Marine Corps-wide hardware up-
sources and Training System (GSORTS). grades of GCCS servers and clients. GCCS
GCCS is fielded at the regiment level is currently executing a client refresh that
and above. will last throughout FY 2010.
Operational Impact Procurement Profile: FY 2010 FY 2011

GCCS is the joint C2 system that Quantity: 320 0
provides operational commanders with Developer/Manufacturer:
the information and capability to plan, Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA)
80
chapter 3: programs
Global Combat Support System Marine Corps (GCSS-MC)
fighting deficiency in logistics informa-

tion systems. It will facilitate change to
antiquated logistics processes and pro-
cedures by introducing cutting edge, en-
abling technology in support of logistics
operations. It will align our logistics ef-
forts with real-world challenges, where
speed and information have replaced
mass and footprint as the foremost attri-
butes of combat operations. Key capabili-
ties in Block 1 include: (1) a multi-envi-
Description ronment architecture, which provides for
GCSSMC is a portfolio of Informa- a Continental U.S. (CONUS) enterprise
tion Technology systems that supports environment (reflective of Marine Corps
the logistics elements of Command and CONUS organization) and a deployed
Control, Joint logistics interoperability, Marine Air Ground Task Force environ-
and secure access to and visibility of lo- ment (cloned from the enterprise envi-
gistics data. At the core of GCSS-MC is ronment and tailored to the mission); (2)
the Logistics Chain Management (LCM) a Cross Domain Solution, which allows
initiative which is the incremental imple- data transfer between secure and non-
mentation of commercial-off-the-shelf secure networks; and (3) a Mobile Field
software (Oracle eBusiness Suite) to en- Service capability, which allows for dis-
able the Marine Corps Logistics Opera- connected operations from the CONUS
tional Architecture (LOG OA). The first or deployed network.
increment, Block 1, provides initial capa-
bilities for GCSS-MC/LCM and is a sepa- Program Status
rate acquisition program with its own GCSSMC is an ACAT 1A, Major
milestone events. GCSS-MC/LCM Block Automated Information System. The pro-
1 is focused on improved supply and gram separated delivery of its core business
maintenance capability in the operating functionality and deployable capability
forces and has the following goals: into Capability Release (CR) 1.1 and 1.2,
S tate-of-the-art software to improve respectively, in January 2009. Delivery of
the combat effectiveness of the operat- CR1.1 should begin within 3d Marne Ex-
ing forces; peditionary Force/Marine Corp Logistics
D esign and fielding of a single capabil- Command in early CY 2010 with CR1.2 to
ity that supports common processes in be integrated shortly thereafter. The pro-
deployed operations and garrison envi- gram anticipates a Milestone C acquisition
ronments; decision during second quarter FY 2010.
Retirement of legacy systems.
Operational Impact CONUS Enterprise 1 0
MEU/MEF 1/1 TBD
The GCSS-MC portfolio and the
Block 1 initiative provide a modernized Developer/Manufacturer:
solution to an identified, critical war- Oracle USA, Inc, Redwood Shores, CA
81
Common Aviation Command and Control System (CAC2S)
Description dissemination, and operational flexibility

CAC2S will provide a complete and co- that will establish the baseline CAC2S ca-
ordinated modernization of Marine Air pabilities. This phase will upgrade fielded
Command and Control System (MACCS) MACCS equipment with mature, ready
equipment. CAC2S will eliminate cur- technologies and will establish an initial
rent dissimilar systems and provide the product baseline Processing and Display
Marine Air Ground Task Force Aviation Subsystem (PDS) and Communications
Combat Element (ACE) with the neces- Subsystem (CS). Naval Surface Warfare
sary hardware, software, and facilities to Center, Crane, IN, will oversee the inte-
effectively command, control, and co- gration and upgrades of the previously
ordinate air operations integrated with developed and fielded system (AN/MRQ-
naval, joint, and/or combined Command 12) into CAC2S PDS and CS.
and Control (C2) units. CAC2S will com- Phase 2 has been structured to ac-
prise standardized modular and scalable commodate the integration of technolo-
tactical facilities, hardware, and software gies necessary for the CAC2S Sensor Data
that will significantly increase battlefield Subsystem (SDS) to meet remaining ACE
mobility and reduce the physical size and battle management and command and
logistical footprint of the MACCS. control requirements. This phase will
build upon the capabilities of the Phase
1 product baseline by integrating the SDS
Operational Impact with the Phase 1 PDS and CS, thereby ful-
CAC2S is an Acquisition Category ly meeting CAC2S Increment I require-
IAC, Major Information Automated Sys- ments.
tem Program. It has been restructured
with an approved revised acquisition
strategy to ensure the CAC2S program Program Status
fields ready and proven technologies at CAC2S requirements were originally
the earliest opportunity. To achieve this documented in an Operational Require-
goal, Increment I requirements will be ments Document in February 2003. The
achieved in two phases. CAC2S requirements were adapted to a
Phase 1 accommodates rapid fielding Capability Production Document and ap-
of operationally relevant capabilities to proved by the JROC in September 2007.
include mobility, situational awareness, The AAO for CAC2S is 50 systems.
tactical communications, information
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chapter 3: programs
Tactical Combat Operations (TCO) System
Description Operational Impact

The TCO System is the principal tool The TCO System is the Marine
within the Marine Air Ground Task Force Corps Command and Control program
for situational awareness through distri- of record that provides operational com-
bution of the Common Tactical Picture mands with the information and capabil-
and is the primary entry point for the ity to manage the COP.
Common Operational Picture (COP).
The TCO System provides commanders
at all echelons with the ability to map and Program Status
display friendly and enemy locations, as The TCO System is fielded at ech-
well as plan, develop, display, and trans- elons, battalion and above, with an Ap-
mit overlays of intended movement. The proved Acquisition Objective of 206 serv-
TCO System also provides commanders ers and 910 clients. The TCO system is in
in both garrison and tactical operations the sustainment phase of its acquisition
the ability to receive, fuse, store, develop, lifecycle, having received Milestone C ap-
transmit, and display commanders criti- proval in 1995. The TCO System will con-
cal information requirements. tinue to sustain software upgrades across
TCO comprises a server (IOS(V)1) the Future Years Defense Plan as well as
backend for track database management, Marine Corps-wide hardware upgrades
and the client (IOW(V)1) frontend, us- of the IOS(V)1 server backend in FY 2013
ing the Joint Tactical COP workstation and 2017, and the IOW(V)1 client fron-
for COP visualization. tend in FY 2013 and FY 2016.
Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA)
83
Composite Tracking Network (CTN)
Description target-quality track data and will improve

CTN is the adaptation of the U.S. situational awareness and battlespace
Navy Cooperative Engagement Capabil- coverage.
ity (CEC) to satisfy Marine Corps ex-
peditionary maneuver warfare require-
Program Status
ments. The network will provide Marine
Corps Aviation Command and Control CTN has completed AN/TPS-59
(C2) agencies the capability to distribute Long-Range Radar interface develop-
composite tracking and fire control data ment. The software interface develop-
to Marine Corps and Navy C2 and weap- ment for Aviation C2 and Ground/Avia-
ons systems. CTN is an essential element tion Task Oriented Radar (G/ATOR) are
in the Marine Corps future Command, underway. Milestone C was achieved in
Control, Communications, Computers, the first quarter FY 2009, and began Low
and Intelligence (C4I) Architecture. Rate Initial Production in early 2010. Ini-
tial Operational Capability is scheduled
for third quarter FY 2010.
Operational Impact
CTN will provide the Marine Air Procurement Profile: FY 2010 FY 2011
Ground Task Force (MAGTF) command- Quantity: 9 8
er a sensor netting solution that will help
defend friendly forces from aircraft and Developer/Manufacturer:
cruise missiles. Near real-time correla- Naval Surface Warfare Center, Crane
tion of local and remote sensor data, via Division; Crane, IN
the CEC/CTN network, will provide the
MAGTF commander precise and accurate
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chapter 3: programs
AN/TSQ-239(V) Combat Operations Center (COC)
Description ties, and physical facilities such as shelters,

The COC is a deployable, self-con- generators, and environmental controls.
tained, centralized facility that provides Model G Engineering Development Mod-
shared Command and Control/Situ- els will be provided by the prime vendor
ational Awareness (C2/SA) functional- in FY 2010/2011.
ities in a collaborative environment. The
system is designed to enhance the tactical Operational Impact
Common Operational Picture (COP) for COCs have been deployed to Opera-
all levels of the Marine Air Ground Task tion Iraqi Freedom and Operation Endur-
Force (MAGTF). It is a commercial-off- ing Freedom. They present, display, and
the-shelf, total turn-key, integrated hard- communicate the Commanders intent
ware solution using unit-provided radios, and required information in support of
legacy and re-hosted tactical data appli- Expeditionary Maneuver Warfare and all
cations, and unit-available prime movers aspects of mid-intensity warfare. COCs
to provide mobility, modularity, and scal- state-of-the-art technology shortens the
ability for each assigned mission. In early decision making cycle by providing in-
2010 there are three production COC telligence and information on friendly
system variants the V(2), V(3), and and enemy locations and activities in a
V(4) scaled to the Major Subordinate consolidated, easily recognizable video
Command, the regiment/group, and the display viewed simultaneously by all staff
battalion/squadron, respectively. COC functions within the COC complex.
supports the MAGTF throughout the full
range of military operations, including
command and control, intelligence, ma-
Program Status
neuver, fires, force protection, and com- The AN/TSQ-239(V) F Model is in
bat logistics. post-Full Rate Production and entering
The COC Program Office is upgrad- the Operations and Sustainment Phase of
ing the existing COCs to introduce an its life cycle. Fielding completion and Fully
enhanced, integrated software baseline Operational Capable status will be met in
supporting warfighter needs. The COC FY 2010. The COC Program will continue
Model G will introduce a service-oriented to incorporate engineering changes and
infrastructure (SOI) and is the primary equipment technical refreshes to address
system responsible for providing a user operational requirements for improved
technical capabilities and new system in-
interface common across all hosted Tacti-
terface requirements. The Approved Ac-
cal Data Systems (TDS). COC Model G
quisition Objective for the COC is 298.
will be deployed in an improved physical
configuration, which upgrades suites of Developer/Manufacturer:
computer hardware and software, net- General Dynamics C4 Systems,
working and communications capabili- Scottsdale, AZ
85
Joint Tactical Common Operational Picture (COP)

Workstation (JTCW)
Description update track data, develop and distribute

The JTCW is a Windows-based tac- overlays, exchange general message traf-
tical COP workstation suite of applica- fic, plan and distribute route information,
tions designed for battalion and higher and conduct general C2 planning. JTCW
echelons to facilitate military Command software will be loaded on the Intelli-
and Control (C2) functions by improv- gence Operations Workstation (IOW),
ing situational awareness and enhancing and some of its software components will
operational and tactical decision-making. be integrated into future models of the
The JTCW replaces the fielded Command MAGTF COC. JTCW can be operated in
and Control Personal Computer (C2PC) connected and disconnected operations.
software by combining C2PC with other
applications into a single software load Program Status
to provide greater capability for C2 plan-
This Acquisition Category IV (T)
ning and interoperability.
program is using a single-step acquisi-
tion strategy. During the fourth quarter
Operational Impact FY 2009, the JTCW and Tactical Combat
JTCW provides the warfighter a Operations System Program Offices con-
framework for enhanced systems in- ducted fielding and training to achieve an
teroperability and commonality between initial fielding of JTCW 1.0 on the IOW.
Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) JTCW is scheduled to reach Initial Op-
Command, Control, Communications, erational Capability in FY 2010. The Ap-
Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance, proved Acquisition Objective (AAO) is
and Reconnaissance systems. JTCW is the 910 systems for the TCO/IOW; the AAO
primary point of entry for the COP, en- for the COC has yet to be determined.
abling users to view map data, view and
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chapter 3: programs
Blue Force Tracker (BFT) Family of Systems (FoS)
classify the celestial based BFT to Type

I, and the BFT II, the next-generation
transceiver that will replace the legacy
MT-2011, increasing system bandwidth
and reducing current latency.
Operational Impact
The BFT FoS provides the operat-
ing forces the ability to more effectively
command and control forces by provid-
ing friendly unit identification and loca-
tion, as well as friendly intent and status.
Description This new suite of equipment is enhanced
The BFT FoS is the Marine Corps by its ability to both transmit and receive
portfolio of systems that provides tactical friendly force data on tactical, terrestrial
input/output battlefield digitized posi- radios as well as celestial L-Band trans-
tion location information and situational ceivers employing commercial satellite
awareness at the company level and below. services.
BFT FoS consists of the BFT, the Mount-
ed Refresh Computer (MRC), Joint Ca-
pabilities Release software, the BFT Tac- Program Status
tical Operations Center (TOC) Kit, the BFT is an Army-led Acquisition Cat-
KGV-72 encryption device, and the BFT egory I, Component (C) program. The
II transceiver. The BFT is a two-way, sat- program currently operates in the Marine
ellite-based command and control system Corps from an Urgent Universal Needs
that allows users to send and receive loca- Statement; however, it is transitioning to a
tions of friendly forces and display these program of record. The program office is
positions on maps and overlays. The TOC currently procuring and delivering BFTs
Kit is a variant of the BFT that brings the and TOC kits with legacy software. JCR
BFT capability into operation centers and software, the MRC, and the KGV-72 have
the MRC provides the same capability as been developed and are undergoing Field
the BFT, although it is terrestrial-based, and Operational Testing. A combined
riding on an Enhanced Position Location fielding is expected in the first quarter
Reporting System tactical radio network. FY 2011, with the BFT II to follow in the
Subcomponents of the BFT are the KGV- fourth quarter FY 2011.
72, an in-line encryption device that will
87
Marine Corps Enterprise Information Technology System

(MCEITS)
Description The MCEITS Operations environ-

MCEITS is an enterprise Information ment will provide the common infra-
Technology (IT) capability that delivers structure necessary to allow the Marine
value to Marine Corps decision makers, Corps to achieve greater effectiveness and
application owners, information manag- efficiency in the delivery and support of
ers, and network users. MCEITS provides its IT service operations relating to data
enterprise IT services contained within a management, application support and
world-class application and data hosting information sharing. MCEITS Opera-
environment with supporting communi- tions will coordinate and carry out pro-
active and reactive key activities relating
cations, computing network, information
to the support of all the data, applications
assurance, and enterprise services infra-
and services in its environment including,
structure.
utility computing, dedicated server pro-
The MCEITS service management
visioning, capacity utilization, operations
design contains industry best practices
scheduling, event and incident monitor-
and will utilize IT Infrastructure Library ing and resolution, problem manage-
(ITIL) based principles and methods to ment, system backup and restoration, and
provide capabilities to meet Operating continuity of operations planning.
Forces and Supporting Establishment
requirements. These best practices will
ensure that MCEITS provides the Ma-
Operational Impact
rine Corps a strategic net-centric capa- MCEITS will enable access to Marine
Corps enterprise data, information, ap-
bility, and also ensures that MCEITS be-
plications and services; it will also pro-
comes the core enabler of the computing
vide a collaborative information sharing
and communications capabilities of the
environment across the business and
MAGTF C2 framework and of the Ma-
warfighter domains. MCEITS will deliver
rine Corps C2 System of Systems (SoS).
an enterprise platform with a common
The MCEITS Software Integration Envi- hardware, software, and facilities infra-
ronment (SIE) will provide Marine Corps structure required to support managed
application owners and developers with a hosting services, non-managed hosting
formal application development and ap- services, or provisioned hosting services
plication inclusion process. The SIE ap- for Marine Corps application owners.
plication inclusion process will provide MCEITS will deliver and manage its host-
documented, defined, repeatable pro- ing services at agreed levels by providing
cesses that contain guidance for the suc- Service Level Agreements (SLAs) to Ma-
cessful management of the development, rine Corps application owners. It will
test, and integration of new and modified provide Marine Corps users with access
software services into the MCEITS Op- to the core enterprise services necessary
erations environment. to enable rapid collaboration, efficient
88
chapter 3: programs
discovery, and access to trusted data and enterprise view into the IT environment
information through an enterprise portal that facilitates greater reuse of existing
framework. It will provide users quick IT assets.
access to all hosted applications and core
enterprise services by enabling single Program Status
sign-on capabilities. MCEITS will deliver MCEITS has completed Critical
an agile IT infrastructure that can easily Design Review and is projected to meet
adapt to evolving Marine Corps software, Milestone C in third quarter, FY 2010 and
hardware, data, services, and manage- FOC in FY 2012.
ment requirements while providing an
89
Warfighter Network ServicesTactical (WFNS-T)
Warfighter Network ServicesTactical and switching of digital messages be-

(WFNS-T) is a portfolio of core baseband tween local area networks, and perform
networking hardware and software con- circuit switching, network management,
figured as a Family of Services (FoS) that terminal emulation, and connectivity to
facilitates end-user services requirements Enhanced Position Location Report-
of multiple security enclaves for Marine ing System (EPLRS) sub networks. It
Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) tacti- enables access to strategic, Supporting
cal communications networks. The Tac- Establishment, joint, and other Service
tical Data Network (TDN) FoS includes tactical data networks. DDS-M increas-
the TDN Gateway, Data Distribution es flexibility, survivability, and scalabil-
SystemModular (DDS-M) Core, DDS- ity via its modular design. It is designed
M expansion modules, Information As- to allow units to implement the system
surance (IA) modules, and the Deployed according to mission and operational
Information Assurance Tool Suite. requirements.
T DN Gateway (vehicular) augments The Joint Enhanced Core Communica-
existing MAGTF communications in- tions System (JECCS) multiplexes Ma-
frastructure by forming a robust digital rine Corps Tri-Band satellite systems,
communications backbone for MAGTF Tropospheric Scatter Microwave Radio
tactical data systems. The system con- Terminal (AN/TRC-170), and Digital
sists of TDN Gateways and TDN Data Wideband Transmission System (AN/
Distribution Systems (DDS) intercon- MRC-142) into an integrated network.
nected with one another and their sub- This integration enables access to De-
scribers via a combination of common- fense Information Services Network
user, terrestrial and celestial long-haul (DISN) telecommunication services,
transmission systems, in conjunction wide and local area networks (SIPR and
with Local, Metropolitan and Wide NIPR networks) and physical network
Area Networks (WAN). management services, messaging ser-
T DN DDS-M provides the capability to vices, International Maritime Satellite,
create email, share files, transfer data, Global Broadcast System (GBS), and
handle electronic messages and directo- Ultra High Frequency-Tactical Satellite
ry services, conduct transparent routing (UHF-TACSAT) capabilities.
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chapter 3: programs
Marine Corps Enterprise Network (MCEN)
The Marine Corps Enterprise Net- terrupted unclassified network services.

work (MCEN) consists of classified and The results of these early activities will
unclassified networks and provides the be incorporated into the Departments
Marine Corps network presence within enterprise-wide NGEN program.
the Global Information Grid. With a tri- The Marine Corps Network Opera-
ad of equipment, people, and processes, tions and Security Center (MCNOSC)
the MCEN provides support from the provides the Marine Corps Network Op-
deployed warfighter to Headquarters Ma- erations (NetOps) and Computer Net-
rine Corps, allowing for reliable, secure work Defense (CND) in support of the
communications across the strategic, op- MCEN. The MCNOSC directs daily op-
erational, and tactical levels throughout erations of all Marine Corps networks to
the globe. ensure the networks run optimally, meet
The Secure Internet Protocol Rout- commanders information processing re-
ing Network (SIPRNET) is the backbone quirements, and are in compliance with
of the classified Command and Control operational and security policies. NetOps
(C2) system and provides a highly se- is conducted through continuous network
cure and trusted network for warfighting monitoring, centralized management,
operations, planning efforts, and sensi- and decentralized control, and standard-
tive business requirements. The Marine ized implementation, operations, and
Corps continues to invest in and expand support of MCEN services.
our SIPRNET capability and capacity to Aligned as the top layer of a defense-
ensure network operations are conducted in-depth strategy, the MCNOSC manages
in a secure, effective manner. CND through oversight and coordina-
The Marine Corps receives the mation with four Regional Network Op-
jority of its garrison unclassified Non-Se- erations and Security Centers (RNOSCs)
cure Internet Protocol Routing Network and seven Marine Air Ground Task Force
(NIPRNET) services through the Navy Information Technology Support Centers
Marine Corps Intranet (NMCI). With the (MITSCs). The RNOSCs and MITSCs,
NMCI contract concluding on 30 Sep- embedded within Marine Corps com-
tember 2010, the Marine Corps is team- mands around the globe, provide the re-
ing with the Department of the Navy to gional and local commanders maximum
determine the most effective and efficient network flexibility and responsiveness to
means to keep critical unclassified ser- operational requirements.
vices available as the Department transi- The Marine Corps IT workforce is
tions to the Next Generation Enterprise critical in the operation, defense, and
Network (NGEN). maintenance of a robust, secure network
To ensure an effective transition to capability. The Marine Corps has gone to
NGEN, the Marine Corps has embarked great lengths to hire, retain, and provide
on early transition activities that will as- quality training to its Marines and civil-
sist this transition and guarantee unin- ians. Its Information Technology special-
91
ists support enterprise and local activities, ments, remain efficient and cost effective,
provide continuity of operations, and are and enhance security in support of Ma-
a critical enabler of the MCEN. rine Corps, joint, and coalition interop-
Supporting the MCEN NetOps, erability. The Marine Corps continues to
CND, and IT workforce are processes that examine promising technologies and op-
ensure effective use of resources and en- erational techniques for use throughout
hance a defense-in-depth strategy. Marine the MCEN.
Corps processes and policies are designed
The MCEN provides the Marine
to meet Federal, Department of Defense,
Corps with the capability to communicate
and Department of Navy regulations and
globally, at all echelons of command, and
policy while simultaneously providing a
flexible network that remains responsive enhances commanders and staffs ability
to operational needs, retains the security to conduct their daily operations. The
measures that protect government infor- Marine Corps investment in information
mation, and protect Marines, Sailors and technology, its associated workforce, and
their families personal information. the processes that support the MCEN al-
The rapid proliferation of new infor- low warfighting and business operations
mation technologies and their infusion to be conducted over secure, reliable net-
into the MCEN ensures our networks works for the MAGTF and supporting
meet commanders emerging require- establishment commanders.
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chapter 3: programs
The Assault Amphibious VehicleCommand; Command

and Control Upgrade Program (AAVC7 C2 Upgrade)
Operational Impact
The last C2 improvements to the
AAVC7 were fielded in 1994. The AAVC7
C2 upgrade program will provide the
supported infantry battalion/regimen-
tal staffs with an improved C2 capabil-
ity to address the gap that exists during
amphibious operations and extended
operations ashore. Specific operational
improvements are updated tactical radi-
os, the addition of a UHF LOS-SATCOM
capability, integration of a new BFSA ca-
Description pability, and the integration of a tactical
The AAVC7 C2 Upgrade is focused data network capable of hosting AFATDS
on providing an improved Command and and C2PC. These additional capabilities
Control (C2) capability to the operating will align the AAVC7 with the common
forces until the Expeditionary Fighting Ve- network architecture used by todays
hicle reaches its scheduled Full Operation- ground forces at the battalion and regi-
al Capability (FOC) in 2025. The AAVC7 ment levels.
C2 Upgrade Program will include replace-
ment of antiquated tactical radios with
Program Status
current fielded radio systems, integration
The AAVC7 C2 Upgrade Program
of a UHF Line Of Sight (LOS) and UHF
was designated an Acquisition Category
Satellite Communications (SATCOM) ca-
IV (T) program during fourth quarter
pability, replacement of the obsolete vehi-
FY 2007. Preliminary Design Review was
cle intercommunications system, integra-
conducted during fourth quarter FY 2008
tion of a Blue Force Situational Awareness and Critical Design Review during sec-
(BFSA) capability, redesign of the staff ond quarter FY 2009; Milestone C will be
workstations, and integration of a tactical conducted second quarter FY 2010. Initial
data network capable of hosting applicable Operational Capability is planned for FY
Marine Air Ground Task Force C2 applica- 2011 and FOC is planned for FY 2012.
tions Advanced Field Artillery Tactical
Data System (AFATDS) and the C2 Per- Procurement Profile: FY2010 FY2011
sonal Computer (C2PC). Additionally, the Quantity: 0 50
C2 upgrade includes the installation of an
auxiliary power unit that provides power
to the C2 suite for extended periods with- SPAWAR Systems Center Charleston, SC
out the need to idle the AAVC7 engine, in
support of silent-watch operations.
93
Multi-Band Radio (MBR)
Description the ability to effectively cover the previ-

The AN/PRC-117F MBR is a man- ous communications spectrum with a
pack tactical radio that covers the entire single system, compared to the legacy ca-
30 to 512 MHz frequency range and pro- pability that required at least two distinct
vides embedded communications securi- radios. Additionally, the AN/PRC-117F
ty, satellite communications (SATCOM), and AN/VRC-103(V)2 add significant
and electronic counter-countermeasures data capabilities within those spectrums
capabilities. The AN/PRC-117F provides where in some cases they did not exist.
secure interoperability with Single Chan- This increased capability better facilitates
nel Ground and Airborne Radio System the distribution of Command and Con-
and a host of other tactical radios. The trol across the battlefield in general and at
AN/PRC-117F can be configured for lower echelon in particular.
vehicular platforms using the AN/VRC-
103(V)2 installation kit. The hardware Program Status
can be reconfigured and software repro- The AN/PRC-117F is 85 percent
grammed to optimize performance and fielded throughout the Marine Corps and
add capabilities without opening the is predominately in a sustainment mode.
radio. The AN/PRC-117F and AN/VRC- The Approved Acquisition Objective
103(V)2 are used for data/voice transfer (AAO) is 10,078 units. Software upgrades
to pass critical tactical, as well as, routine and Engineering Change Proposals (ECP)
administrative and logistics informa- are planned for future technological
tion in both the data and voice modes insertions.
utilizing Line of Sight (LOS), Very High The VRC-103(V)2 is 55 percent
Frequency, and Ultra-High Frequency fielded throughout the Marine Corps.
(UHF) spectrums and Beyond LOS, us- Installation kits to replace those diverted
ing UHF satellite communications. Ad- for use within Mine Resistant Ambush
ditionally, these radios will provide the Protected vehicles are being acquired.
Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) The AAO is 3118. The VRC-103(V)2 is
reliable long-haul reconnaissance and the replacement platform for vehicular
tactical air request communications. The mounted SINCGARS, AN/PSC-5, and
manpack radio and its vehicular mount AN/PRC-119 radios. Software upgrades
are employed in at the division, regiment, and ECP are planned for future techno-
and battalion as well as other elements of logical insertions.
the MAGTF. The AN/PRC-117F is the re-
placement radio for the SINCGARS, AN/ Procurement Profile: FY 2010 FY 2011
PSC-5, and AN/PRC-119 radios. Quantity: 0 0
Operational Impact Harris Corporation, Rochester, NY
The AN/PRC-117F and the AN/
VRC-103(V)2 provide the Marine with
the ability to significantly reduce the
communications footprint by providing
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chapter 3: programs
High Frequency Radio (HFR)
Description Program Status

The AN/PRC-150(C) manpack High The AN/PRC-150(C) is 87 percent
Frequency (HF) radio provides half-du- fielded throughout the Marine Corps and
plex HF and Very High Frequency (VHF) is in predominately a sustainment mode.
tactical radio communications and is the The AAO is 5,315 units.
replacement for the AN/PRC-104 radio. The AN/TRC-209 is 60 percent
It provides voice or data (using a modem) fielded throughout the Marine Corps.
through single sideband modulation. The All assets have been purchased for the
AN/PRC-150(C)s 20 watt power output active forces, and the remaining units to
is provided by either the standard fam- be fielded are in the Reserves. However,
ily of rechargeable or non-rechargeable the AN/TRC-209 is considered to be in a
military batteries or by external electrical predominately sustainment mode. The
power. Transmission security is provided AAO is 873 units.
through the AN/PRC-150(C)s embed- The AN/MRC-148 is 87 percent
ded Type 1 encryption. It can be used for fielded throughout the Marine Corps
either data/voice transfer to pass critical and is predominately in a sustainment
tactical as well as routine administra- mode. Fielding of any remaining quan-
tive and logistics information using the tities might be delayed until assets di-
full HF spectrum or limited portions of verted to MRAP are replaced. The AAO is
the VHF spectrum. The AN/MRC-148 is 1,385 units.
the replacement radio for the AN/MRC- The AN/VRC-104(V)5 is only mar-
138 radio, and the AN/VRC-104(V)5 is ginally fielded to date due to a lack of
the replacement radio for the previously identification of intend target platforms.
mounted AN/PRC-104s systems. All assets have been acquired, but await
target identification. The AAO is 755
Operational Impact units. Software upgrades and Engineer-
The AN/PRC-150(C) provides the ing Change Proposals are planned for
Marine with the ability to significantly future technological insertions for all of
reduce the communications footprint by these systems.
providing the ability to effectively cover Procurement Profile: FY 2010 FY 2011
the previous communications spectrum Quantity: 0 0
with a single system, compared to the
legacy capability that required at least Developer/Manufacturer:
two distinct radios. Additionally, the AN/ Harris Corporation, Rochester, NY
PRC-150(C) adds significant increased
data capabilities within those spectrums.
This increased capability better facilitates
long-haul distribution of Command and
Control across the battlefield.
95
part 3:
INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE,
AND RECONNAISSANCE
chapter 3: programs
Introduction
Marine Corps Intelligence provides mission-essential support to overseas opera-
tions in Iraq and Afghanistan, while striving toward a systematic approach to integrate
intelligence disciplines and staff functions on the battlefield. To ensure future success,
intelligence must be optimized to provide predictive analysis, understand complex-
ity, and exploit the potential of new technologies. It will need to do this while being
responsive to the more sophisticated intelligence requirements that the emerging En-
hanced Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) Operations (EMO) and the hybrid
threat environment demand. Most fundamentally:
The mission of Marine Corps Intelligence is to form an all-source Intel-
ligence Surveillance Reconnaissance enterprise optimized by educated analyti-
cal judgment; focused on MAGTF expeditionary operations at the tactical and
operational levels. This enterprise must be flexible, agile, anticipatory and fully
integrated into the national intelligence community.
Meeting this challenge necessitates a variety of material and non-material solutions
within the Marine Corps Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Enterprise
(MCISR-E). MCISR-E does not change existing command relationships or reduce the
operational authority of commanders. Instead, it merges policies on intelligence data
management, intelligence systems architecture and human intelligence and signals in-
telligence tasking authorities with an operating concept that achieves synergy through
integrating existing functions and capabilities in order to better support all echelons
of the MAGTF.
The purpose of this mission is to deliver fused, all-source, actionable intelligence
or knowledge at the point of decision. All echelons of the force, from squad leader to
Marine Expeditionary Force commander, must have timely access to the collective
knowledge, data, resources and expertise of the enterprise.
97
Marine Corps Intelligence, Surveillance,

and Reconnaissance Enterprise (MCISR-E)
The production of Marine Corps In- MCISR-E includes all Marine Corps
telligence is evolving from an assortment ISR assets, and functions covering the en-
of partially connected units and intelli- tire range of people, doctrine, policy, orga-
gence systems to an enterprise solution nizations, training, education, equipment,
in which all Intelligence, Surveillance, and and facilities. The equipment acquisition
Reconnaissance (ISR) functions and tra- strategy initially focuses on the intelligence
ditional and non-traditional ISR sources processing, exploitation, analysis, and
are leveraged. Thus, MCISR-E expands the production systems within the Distrib-
inherent ISR capacity of units at all ech- uted Common Ground SystemMarine
elons across the force by providing better Corps (DCGS-MC). Other functions of
integration of intelligence information to the MCISR-E include persistent ISR and
address complex collection environments actionable intelligence. Persistent ISR pro-
through a flexible organizational con- vides the means for tasking, direction, and
struct. Meanwhile, leaders and units will collection, while actionable intelligence
contribute to a culture of institutional data addresses the systems associated with dis-
and information collaboration and shar- semination, use, and feedback of intelli-
ing while embracing operational flexibility gence. Through persistent ISR, the Marine
through adaptive responses in operating Corps will seek to build a holistic collection
concepts, doctrine, training, and material strategy that includes joint and national
solutions. When fully implemented, the ISR assets as well as a variety of organic
MCISR-E will provide each component el- battlefield sensors capable of providing
ement with access to the shared knowledge, non-traditional ISR support. Within the
data, resources, and expertise from the en- enterprise construct, the Marine Corps are
tire enterprise. Enterprise standards will also developing capabilities to enable tacti-
also be compatible and consistent with the cal units to collect, report, receive, and use
Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) intelligence and combat information. This
Command and Control (C2) framework, includes company-level intelligence cells
facilitating the use of operational report- focused on gathering the information,
ing and non-traditional ISR data by ele- providing an initial assessment for the
ments of the MCISR-E and providing company-specific operational area, and
for timely dissemination and sharing of feeding data into intel systems for higher-
relevant intelligence with Marine leaders level analysis. An additional example is the
at every echelon. Through our enterprise initiation of the Counterintelligence/Hu-
capabilities, Marine Corps ISR also lever- man Intelligence (CI/HUMINT) enter-
ages national, joint, and combat support prise, which includes developing tactical
agency capabilities to address MAGTF re- questioners and tactical debriefers.
quirements, while serving as a contribut- The organizational relationships, re-
ing partner to those agencies. sources, and systems architecture of the
98
chapter 3: programs
MCISR-E provides each element with ex- Marine Corps primary connection to
tensive access to the broad capabilities of national agencies and the data exposure
the enterprise, the means to contribute its point for all ISR data to the Intelligence
data and analysis to the enterprise, and the Community. There will be one MCISR-
ability to collaborate across the enterprise. E Fixed Site managed by the Marine
By providing common access to situ- Corps Intelligence Activity.
ational awareness, understanding and pre- G
arrison Intelligence planning, analy-
dictive analysis of the threat and relevant sis, and production in collaboration with
aspects of the operating environment, this expeditionary forces. These reachback
enterprise enables and enhances decision- sites are located at each of the Marine
making by leaders at all echelons. The Expeditionary Forces and will be capable
MCISR-E provides an adaptive, flexible of supporting forward operations from
ISR framework supporting the intelligence garrison, or deploying to augment tacti-
requirements of a multi-capable MAGTF cal, expeditionary nodes.
as it executes expeditionary operations E
xpeditionary Deployable, tailorable
against hybrid threats in a complex envi- and aligned to the mission. These nodes
ronment. MCISR-E will be organized into operate in theater with joint forward-
three distinct nodes: deployed sensors and warfighters and
Fixed Primary reachback and data provide maneuver units direct-support
storage site for expeditionary intelligence teams for intelligence collection, analy-
support. The fixed Site will serve as the sis, production and use.
99
Distributed Common Ground System

Marine Corps (DCGS-MC)
Description rine Corps, and Special Operations Com-

DCGS-MC, in compliance with the mand. The Office of the Under Secretary
Department of Defense DCGS Family of of Defense (Intelligence) oversees the
Systems concept, is a service-level effort to various DCGS program offices.
migrate select Marine Corps Intelligence,
Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) Operational Impact
processing and exploitation capabili-
DCGS-MC will migrate selected leg-
ties into a single, integrated, net-centric
acy ISR processing and exploitation capa-
baseline. As the processing, exploitation,
bilities, resulting in increased unit-level
analysis, and production component of
and enterprise-level capacity for injesting
the Marine Corps ISR Enterprise, DCGS-
sensor data, streamlined production of
MC will comprise functional capability
intelligence information, and enhanced
sets that support Marine intelligence ana-
management of finished intelligence
lysts across the Marine Air Ground Task
products.
Force by making organic and external all-
source ISR data more visible, accessible,
and understandable. Program Status
The DCGS-MC concept originated The DCGS-MC program is projected
with the DCGS Mission Area Initial Ca- to achieve Milestone B during third quar-
pabilities Document Joint Requirements ter FY 2010 and proceed as an Acquisition
Oversight Council (JROC) Memoran- Category I program. The program entered
dum 001-03, dated 6 January 2003, which the technology development phase in No-
established the overarching requirements vember 2008 and will fully leverage the
for a collection of net-centric-capable sys- developmental efforts of its sister services
tems that would contribute to joint and DCGS programs, as their developmental
combined warfighter needs for ISR sup- efforts are fully underway. The program
port. The JROC directed each service to acquisition strategy is based on an incre-
pursue a coordinated developmental path mental development path optimized to
based on the implementation of common rapidly introduce government and com-
enterprise standards and services consis- mercial technologies, enterprise standards,
tent with the Department of Defenses and modular hardware components in
net-centric vision. The DCGS Integra- order to minimize costs and program risk.
tion Backbone (DIB) is the basic build- The program is subsuming the Tactical
ing block for interoperability between the Exploitation Group and Topographic Pro-
Services DCGS programs. The DCGS duction Capability programs during FY
DIB is currently managed by a separately 2010 as part of the Increment I develop-
chartered DIB Management Office that ment. DCGS-MC Increment II will as-
directs day-to-day developmental efforts sume Tier I Intelligence Analysis System
in coordination with the Army, Navy, Ma- functionality.
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chapter 3: programs
Global Command and Control Systems-Integrated Imagery

and Intelligence (GCCS-I3)
Description intelligence systems use GCCS-I3 as their

GCCS-I3 provides software segment core software and/or individual segments
development and technical integration as major components of their software
among the joint GCCS-I3 architecture, the baseline, including:
USMC Intelligence Analysis System (IAS), Technical Control and Analysis Center
and the Tactical Control and Analysis Cen- Topographic Production Capability
ter. Marines use GCCS-I3 software on the Tactical Exploitation Group
IAS to provide an analytical capability at Counterintelligence/Human
all levels, from the battalion/squadron up Intelligence Equipment Program
to the Marine Expeditionary Force. Tactical Remote Sensor System
GCCS-I3 provides the operational Joint Surveillance Target Attack
commander with situational awareness, Radar System
track management, imagery, and other
intelligence data using a standard set of Program Status
integrated, linked tools and services that GCCS-I3 has several long-term and
maximize commonality via the Com- short-term goals to enhance the interop-
mon Operational Picture across the tac- erability and procurement decisions for
tical, theater, and national communities. Marine Corps intelligence systems. In the
GCCS-I3 operates in joint and service- long-term, this program seeks to achieve
specific environments and is interoperable integrated, fully interoperable Marine
and compliant with the Common Opera- Corps intelligence systems. In the short-
tional Environment that will facilitate the term, the program seeks to establish a
migration of USMC systems to the Global process and a corresponding set of pro-
Information Grid Enterprises Services and cedures designed to allow the Marine
Net-Centric Enterprise Services. Corps to make informed procurement
decisions. GCCS-I3 has four mission ar-
eas: Administration and Infrastructure
Operational Impact Support; Program Manager-Level Con-
GCCS-I3 is the core software for the figuration Management Processes and
IAS, and works to ensure that the IAS Functions; Science and Technology En-
software is interoperable with the Marine gineering Support; and Integration Sup-
Corps communication and data transport Team.
mission systems. Several Marine Corps
101
Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System (JSTARS)

JSTARS is a long-range, air-to- The CGS and JSWS support a wide
ground surveillance system consisting of range of global missions including war-
an airborne element and a ground ele- time battlefield management, peace-
ment. The airborne element the E-8C keeping operations, counter narcotics,
aircraft is fitted with a large phased- and contingency operations. The CGS
array radar mounted on the fuselage and and JSWS are capable of operating in
multiple operator terminals. Radar data diverse geographic and weather condi-
are distributed via an encrypted, jam- tions and provide an increased level of
resistant Surveillance and Control Data certainty to commanders. As organic
Link (SCDL) for transmission to one of Marine Corps intelligence assets, the
two JSTARS ground systems: the Com- CGS and JSWS have played a crucial
role in current operations, resulting in
mon Ground Station (CGS) or Joint
JSTARS assuming an additional mis-
Services Workstation (JSWS). The sen-
sion of Improvised Explosive Device
sor suite provides detection and track-
prevention and detection.
ing data on targets through the use of
the Moving Target Indicator (MTI),
Fixed Target Indicator (FTI), and Syn- Program Status
thetic Aperture Radar (SAR). FTI and JSTARS is post-Milestone C in the
MTI data are used to detect, locate, and Operations and Support phase. The Ma-
identify the movement of enemy targets, rine Corps has fielded three JSTARS CGSs
while SAR identifies critical fixed targets and seven JSWSs. Each Marine Expedi-
such as bridges, harbors, airports, build- tionary Force has a CGS. The program is
ings, or stationary vehicles. The CGS is a currently conducting two levels of effort:
ground-based receiving and processing maintenance and upgrade of the current
display system that receives JSTARS data JSTARS ground systems; and research and
directly from the E-8C JSTARS aircraft development of future MTI collection ca-
through the SCDL to the Ground Data pabilities in a net-centric environment as
part of the DCGS-MC Enterprise.
Terminal. Once JSTARS data are collect-
ed at the ground receiver site, MTI/FTI/
SAR data are sent across the Marine Air Developer/Manufacturer:
Prime Hardware Integrator: General
Ground Task Force Command, Control,
Dynamics C4 (GC4S), Scottsdale, AZ
Communications, Computers and Intel-
ligence network. The CGS is also capable Software Integrator: Harris Corporation,
Melbourne, FL
of receiving and fusing imagery data from
unmanned aerial systems directly with Surveillance Control Data Link (SCDL)
JSTARS data, providing an enhanced col- Developer: Cubic Defense Systems,
San Diego, CA
lection-processing capability. The JSWS
is a functionally equivalent, transit-cased
subset of the CGS.
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chapter 3: programs
Counterintelligence (CI) and Human Intelligence (HUMINT)

Equipment Program (CIHEP)
Description video image processing, and Common

CIHEP consists of 12 modules to sup- Operational Picture applications. It also
port the full spectrum of CI/HUMINT integrates with the Intelligence Analy-
operational requirements. The suite in- sis System Family of Systems using the
cludes imagery; commercial satellite MarineLink application suite.
communications; Very High Frequency,
Ultra-High Frequency (UHF), and UHF
Operational Impact
tactical satellite communications; auxilia-
CIHEP enhances the HUMINT Ex-
ry power; automated data processing; and
sensitive technical support equipment. ploitation Teams (HET) ability to con-
All equipment is stored and transported duct HUMINT and CI operations and to
in lightweight, modular, and deployable accomplish other assigned tasks in sup-
cases to facilitate task organization of port of Marine Air Ground Task Force
equipment for assigned missions. The missions at the tactical, operational and
CIHEP Software Baseline is standardized service levels. The equipment suite pro-
among the computer assets in the suite vides HETs with an organic capability to
and provides reporting, low-level analy- research collection requirements, process
sis, communications, mapping, still and collected information, produce intelli-
103
gence reports, and disseminate those re- both CI/HUMINT and Radio Battalion
ports securely to supported commanders (RadBn) assets, and the Media Exploita-
and intelligence officers. The suite also tion-Heavy will be fielded exclusively to
includes equipment to provide limited the RadBns.
organic technical support to CI and HU-
MINT operations. Procurement Profile: FY 2010 FY 2011
Software Baseline: 1* 1*
Data Processing
Program Status Module: 0 0
In May 1999, CIHEP was designated Advanced Imagery
an Abbreviated Acquisition Program of Module: 0 133*
Record. A Limited User Evaluation was Commercial Handheld
performed in March 2000, with a Mile- SatCom Set: 95 0
stone C production and fielding decision Commercial
SatCom Set: 235* 0
in April 2000. Initial Operational Capa-
Tactical SatCom Set: 0 0
bility was achieved in September 2001,
Tactical Handheld
with fielding of completed modules to Communication Set: 0 0
the Marine Expeditionary Forces, Re- Surveillance Comm
serves, and the Navy and Marine Corps Module: 0 120
Intelligence Training Center. Full Opera- Technical Support
tional Capability was reached in Septem- Set: 112* 112*
ber 2002. The program was restructured Technical Surveillance
in 2006, creating ten modules vice a single Module: 11* 11*
system. This streamlined program man- Vehicle Accessory
agement by grouping equipment capabil- Module: 0 0
ities and enhanced logistics management Media Exploitation
Light: 203* 0
and equipment task organization by unit
Media Exploitation
mission. In 2008, two additional modules Heavy: 56 0
(media exploitation capabilities) were
added, bringing the total to 12 modules. * Will refresh selected components
CIHEP is currently in a maintenance and
refresh cycle, during which selected com- Ideal Technology Corp Orlando, FL; Klas
ponents of modules are refreshed. CIHEP Telecom, Inc., Washington, D.C.; Thales
continues to procure and field equipment Communications, Inc. Clarksburg, MD;
to meet the demands of the total force Harris Communications Corp, Rochester,
structure increase, the Grow the Force NY; Panasonic Corp, Secaucus NJ; Auto-
initiative, and the addition of the Marine mated Business Power, Gaithersburg, MD
Special Operations Command. Of the 12 Program and Logistics Support:
modules in CIHEP, ten are fielded exclu- L-3 Communications, Stafford, VA;
sively to CI/HUMINT organizations at General Dynamics, Stafford, VA (ICE2);
various levels of command. The Media MTCSC Stafford, VA; SPAWAR Systems
Exploitation-Light module is fielded to Center Charleston, Charleston, SC
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chapter 3: programs
Special Intelligence Communications (SI Comms)
Description Mbps duplex transmission of IP standard

SI Comms is the former Trojan Special data, voice, and video. The IPT Suitcase
Purpose Integrated Remote Intelligence is a large suitcase size (27.6x18.5x12.2 in)
Terminal (Trojan SPIRIT) program and and weighs approximately 86 pounds. The
focuses on meeting broad-ranging intel- IPT Suitcase typically serves as the spoke
ligence communications requirements. SI in a Hub/Spoke architecture with a 5 to 1
Comms is a portfolio consisting of several ratio.
high-bandwidth communications systems FA-150T MIL Fly-Away: AN/USC-67,
ranging in size from man-portable suitcas- is a 1.5m dish (Ku, C, and X Band) capable
es to trailer-mounted solutions. Each has a of up to 60 Mbps IP encrypted traffic. The
unique capability set that corresponds to FA-150T MIL Fly-Away incorporates in-
a specific mission profile and requirement. tegrated packaging consisting of a rugged
However, all systems provide the Marine case with integrated wheels. All packaging
Air Ground Task Force Commander a near material (case, lids, etc.) are used to create
real-time means by which to move perish- a stable antenna platform. The FA-150T
able data for the subsequent production of MIL Fly-Away measures (47.0x29.9.20.9
timely, actionable intelligence in support in) when stored and weighs 132 lbs. The
of indications and warning, high-value FA-150T MIL Fly-Away typically serves
target operations, and target package pro- as the hub in a Hub/Spoke architecture
cessing. with a 1 to 5 ratio.
Trojan SPIRIT LITE: The TROJAN DIVN: The Defense Intelligence VSAT
SPIRIT LITE, AN/TSQ-226(V)1, is a se- Network FoS is a family of modular, small
cure High Frequency dual-band multi- satellite communications terminals that
channel Satellite Communications termi- provide secure, rapidly deployable, broad-
nal using a 2.4-meter antenna. The system band communications. The DIVN FoS is
is packaged in 17-22 transit cases including capable of providing data, voice, and video
support items (spares, test, equipment and on any security domain including Non-Se-
uninterrupted power systems) for a total cure Internet Protocol Routing Network,
weight of 2,200 pounds and a volume of Secure Internet Protocol Routing Net-
103 cubic feet. It is easily transportable via work, Joint Worldwide Intelligence Com-
High Mobility Multi-Wheeled Vehicle or munications System (JWICS), and Coali-
commercial vehicle. The system provides tion networks. The DIVN FoS consists of
a fly-away capability for enhanced voice three specifically sized solution sets:
video and data communications from 64 D IVN- Mini: BGAN/GRRIP terminal is
Kbps to 1.544 Mbps. These communica- capable of up to 492 kbps throughput.
tions links can be both Secret (Collateral) This system fits in a single rugged, water-
and TS/SCI simultaneously. proof case (16x13x6.87 in) and weighs
SWE-Dish: IPT Suitcase, AN/USC-68, 28 pounds. It can be set up in less than
is a 0.9m dish (Ku Band) capable of up to 4 15 minutes.
105
D IVN-Lite: 0.9-1.2m dish (Ku Band) is a worldwide, forward-deployed, quick-

capable of up to 3.5 Mbps uplink and 40 reaction reporting and analysis capability
Mbps downlink. This system is com- to military intelligence units for training,
mercial air checkable and can be set up and for low-to-high intensity conflict.
in less than 30 minutes. The SI Comms provide Marine Corps
DIVN: 1.8m dish (C Band) is capable of commanders dedicated secure, mobile,
up to 4.125 Mbps uplink and 84 Mbps data and voice communications that can
downlink. This system is small, truck receive, transmit and disseminate bulk
transportable and can be set up in less data and imagery products from, and to
than one hour. national and tactical intelligence sources.
Operational Impact Program Status

SI Comms provides short-haul and The Approve Acquisition Objective
long-haul capabilities using existing com- (AAO) for palletized systems increased to
munications networks and access pro- 35 during the first quarter FY 2009 based
viders (e.g., Defense Intelligence Activ- on effectiveness in supporting Operations
ity, Defense Information Systems Agency, Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom. The
USA INSCOM). SI Comms is deployed in AAO for mobile systems also increased
support of Radio Battalions, Intelligence to 20 systems. Marine Corps Combat
Battalions, Special Security Communi- Development Command is conducting a
cations Teams supporting Marine Divi- Capabilities Based Assessment to deter-
sions/Marine Air Wings, and Marine Spe- mine 21st-Century Special Intelligence
cial Operations Command Detachments. communications requirements. Wartime
The Military Occupational Specialty in- sustainment is the primary focus in early
tended to operate this equipment is the 2010. IPv6 and other technology up-
Special Intelligence Communicator. The grades for existing Trojan SPIRIT systems
purpose of these systems is to provide commenced in FY 2009.
106
chapter 3: programs
Intelligence Analysis System (IAS)
intelligence data that is crucial to the

military decision making process and the
conduct of intelligence preparation of the
battlefield.
Program Status
The MEF IAS is currently in the post
production/fielding phase of the acquisi-
tion process. All systems were fielded to
Description the operating forces along with Marine
IAS uses a three-tiered approach for Reserve units. All elements of IAS were
receiving, parsing, analyzing, and dissem- refreshed during FY 2009. The IAS Fam-
inating fused, all-source intelligence. The ily of Systems executes periodic hardware
first tier, the Marine Expeditionary Force and peripheral refreshes as per the Pro-
(MEF) IAS, is a mobile system that sup- gram Manager Navy Marine Corps In-
ports the MEF Command Element. The tranet/Information Technology refresh
second-tier Intelligence Operations Serv- schedule. One major software fielding
er (IOSv2a or IOSv3) is a team-portable and one service pack is fielded per fiscal
system designed to support intelligence year. MEF IAS functionality will be sub-
operations at the major subordinate com- sumed in Distributed Common Ground
mands. The third tier, the Intelligence SystemMarine Corps Increment II.
Operations Workstation (IOWv2), is the
link to intelligence data for the battalion, Procurement Profile: FY2010 FY2011
squadron, and company levels, using cli- Software: 1 1
ent/server technology for a reachback Service Pack: 1 1
IAS FoS Refresh 1 0
capability to higher commands for intel-
ligence information updates. The IOWv2 Developer/Manufacturer:
can also function as a stand-alone work- MTC Services Corporation, Stafford, VA;
station, operating with certain limitations KnowBiz, San Diego, CA; EMA, Charles-
in a disconnected environment. ton, SC; and SPAWAR, Charleston, SC
Hardware components: Commercial-off-
the-shelf (COTS) and non-developmental
Operational Impact items (NDI)
Fielding of the MEF IAS has pro- Software components: Various COTS and
vided Marine Air Ground Task Force government-off-the-shelf developers
commanders with a mobile, all-source, Key GOTS software developers and sys-
intelligence data fusion and dissemina- tem integration of hardware and software:
tion capability. The IOSv2a (Unix) and EMA, Charleston, SC; Dynamic Tactics
IOSv3 (Windows) give the commander at for C4ISR Solutions, Charleston, SC;
the Marine Expeditionary Unit, regiment, L-3 Communications, Virginia Beach,
VA; SRC, Charleston, SC; and SPAWAR,
and group levels access to time-sensitive
Charleston, SC
107
Technical Control and Analysis Center (TCAC)
Description support of MAGTF operations world-

TCAC is the Marine Corps senior wide. TCAC is employed in two con-
Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) system. figurations; the TCAC Remote Analysis
TCAC fills the Marine Corps requirement Workstation (RAWS) and the Transport-
for a semi-automated tactical SIGINT able Workstation.
and Electronic Warfare (EW) fusion sys-
tem that can adequately perform the pro-
Program Status
cessing, analysis, and reporting functions
TCAC is a post-milestone C program
of the operating forces Radio Battalions
(production and deployment phase) and
(RadBn) and Marine Tactical Electronic
is currently undergoing incremental up-
Warfare Squadrons (VMAQ) in order to
grades which will enhance the current ca-
support the mission of providing timely
pabilities of the existing systems. Major
and accurate SIGINT and EW support to
enhancements include Windows Server
Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF)
upgrade, Full Disk Encryption (FDE), a
operations. TCAC fuses intelligence from
fully integrated audio processing capa-
organic, theater, and national collection
bility, a Semantic Wiki with user-defined
for dissemination to tactical users. TCAC
alerts, and integration with the Real Time
is the focal point of the RadBn SIGINT
Regional Gateway. The Approved Acqui-
operations. In addition, TCAC delivers
sition Objective for the TCAC is:
an enhanced automated intelligence pro-
AN/UYQ-83B TCAC RAWS: 50
cessing, analyzing, and reporting capabil-
AN/MYQ-9B Transportable
ity that improves the total control and
Workstation: 302
management of SIGINT/EW capabilities
AN/UYK-166 TCAC MLS: 5
to include the production and dissemina-
AN/UYQ-103 Tactical ONEROOF: 48
tion of SIGINT/EW information for the
MAGTF. Procurement Profile: FY2010 FY2011
Windows Servers 0 40
Monitor Keyboard
Operational Impact Assembly 75 0
TCAC enables Marines to fulfill their Uninterrupted Power
mission to include: providing SIGINT Sources (UPS) 55 0
and mission planning support to MAGTF FDE Drives 500 500
Command Element, Aviation Combat Printers 40 35
Transit Cases 55 0
Element, and Ground Combat Element;
interfacing with appropriate national, Developer/Manufacturer:
theater, and organic intelligence sources; MTSC, Stafford, VA; SPAWAR,
and identifying high interest events and Charleston, SC; Lockheed Martin
equipment failures. TCAC is deployed in Technical Operations, Camarillo, CA
108
chapter 3: programs
MAGTF Secondary Imagery Dissemination System (MSIDS)
Description sance System, provide overhead imagery

MSIDS provides organic tactical that cannot capture the detail and ground
digital imagery collection, transmission, perspective attainable through MSIDS. In
and receiving capability to the MAGTF asymmetric threat environments where
Commander. MSIDS comprises Com- targets of interest are often small, highly
mercial-Off-the-Shelf (COTS) compo- mobile units such as terrorists or guerilla
nents necessary to enable Marines at all groups it is imperative that a MAGTF
echelons of the Marine Expeditionary be able to identify individuals and struc-
Force to capture, manipulate, annotate, tures from the ground level. Technology
transmit, or receive imagery and video in insertions via a yearly increment refresh
near real-time, internally with subordi- provide MSIDS equipped Marines with
nate commands that are widely separated the ability to receive needed technologi-
throughout the area of operations and cal upgrades in a timely manner.
externally with high adjacent commands.
The MSIDS Video Exploitation Worksta-
tion (VEW) suite provides an organic Program Status
digital imagery processing capability to The approved MSIDS acquisi-
manipulate, annotate, digitize and edit tion strategy specifies a refresh of
video/still imagery, and brief intelligence one third of the systems components
products. The MSIDS capability resides yearly through a spiral increment of
with all G/S-2 echelons of the MAGTF, the COTS components. The FY 2011-
Reconnaissance Battalions, Light Ar- 2012 refresh will replace computers,
mored Reconnaissance Battalions, In- upgrade software, and refresh thermal
fantry Battalion Scout Sniper Platoons, and night vision devices, along with
Marine Special Operations Command, continuing the Grow the Force ini-
Tank Battalions, Artillery Battalions and tiative fielding.
Marine Security Forces. MSIDS is cur-
rently employed in every location where Procurement Profile: FY 2010 FY 2011
the Marine Corps conducts military op- MSIDS computers/SW 0 400
erations. Personal Data
Controllers 600 330
\Cameras 3000 150
Operational Impact Night Vision 0 50
Thermal 0 400
MSIDS provides the only self-con-
VEW 0 0
tained, hand-held, ground perspective
imagery capability to MAGTF units and Developer/Manufacturer:
is essential in mission planning and in- Canon, Panasonic, ITT, ViaSat and FLIR
telligence collection. Other MAGTF near MTCSC, Stafford, VA
real-time imaging systems, such as un- EYAK Technologies, Anchorage, AK
manned aerial systems and the F/A-18 Integrity Data Inc, Colorado Springs, CO
Advanced Tactical Airborne Reconnais-
109
Team Portable Communications System-Multi Platform

Capable (TPCS-MPC)

The TPCS-MPC provides the Marine The mission of TPCS-MPC is to pro-
Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) with vide Marine Corps RadBns with a semi-
integrated, semi-automated Signals Intel- automated, team transportable, modular,
ligence (SIGINT) equipment to conduct and scalable communications intelligence
communications intelligence, direction capability to support the MAGTF. TPCS-
finding, computer-aided SIGINT analy- MPC is directly supporting Marines in
sis, and indications and warnings. TPCS- current operations.
MPC is scalable to meet tactical mission
requirements, having single collection
Program Status
outstations for stand-alone requirements
The TPCS-MPC Block 0 configu-
and integrated capabilities. TPCS-MPC is
ration is currently in production and
not a new system development effort,
reached Full Operational Capability in
but rather a program with continuous up-
2009. The Block 1 effort was initiated
grades. The primary emphasis is on mod-
with a Milestone B decision in December
ular, scalable functionality, with a rapid
2008.
procurement of readily available Com-
mercial-Off-The-Shelf/Government- Developer/Manufacturer:
Off-The-Shelf/Non-Developmental Item Space and Naval Warfare Systems Com-
(COTS/GOTS/NDI) technologies. The mand, Charleston, SC; Digital Receiver
program requires limited integration to Technology, Germantown, MD; Scientific
allow rapid fielding of new capabilities to Research Corporation, Charleston SC.
Marine Corps Radio Battalions (RadBns).
TPCS-MPC suites will consist of platform
integration kits which provide the inter-
face devices required to deploy various
configurations of the exploitation mod-
ules on non-dedicated platforms such
as the High Mobility Multi-Wheeled Ve-
hicle, Mine Resistant Ambush Protected
vehicle, and Mobile Electronic Warfare
Support System vehicle.
110
chapter 3: programs
Expeditionary Intelligence Support
The Marine Corps Intelligence Activ- MCIAs own internal capabilities but also
ity (MCIA) provides tailored intelligence its unique ability to leverage the larger In-
products and services to the Marine Corps, telligence Community to help solve Ma-
other services and the Intelligence Com- rine Corps operating forces intelligence
munity based on expeditionary mission challenges.
profiles in littoral areas. As the Marine During deployment, MCIA main-
Corps Intelligence Production Center, tains contact with the deployed unit en-
MCIA plays a key role in the development suring continued support to operational
of service doctrine, force structure, train- requirements. Additionally, during a de-
ing and education, and systems develop- ployment MCIA may provide a liaison
ment and acquisition. officer facilitating direct representation
MCIA comprises a command ele- and a better understanding of intelli-
ment; a production and analysis element gence requirements. All intelligence re-
that includes analysis, imagery, and topo- quirements adhere to appropriate chains
graphic support; a counterintelligence/ of command to include each supported
human intelligence element; and a cryp-
Combatant Command.
tologic support element. Each element
After the deployment ends, MCIA
provides unique capabilities that enable
coordinates and conducts a post-deploy-
MCIA to fully support intelligence re-
ment brief. This brief includes not only
quirements in all facets of expeditionary
operations. Together, these elements de- the supported units and MCIA, but also
liver excellence in expeditionary intel- any other organizations that contrib-
ligence to MCIAs broad and growing uted to the intelligence support effort.
customer set. The intent is to review the intelligence
MCIA engages with Marine units requirements submitted with the intel-
scheduled for deployment ensuring that ligence support provided and determine
each command understands MCIA ca- what worked well, what needs improve-
pabilities and limitations in providing ment and capture lessons learned for the
support during pre-deployment, deploy- future.
ment, and post-deployment. Frequently, This unyielding focus on support-
pre-deployment engagement includes ing Marine Forces be they deployed in
command site visits encouraging the full harms way, preparing to deploy, or safely
identification of specific, detailed intelli- returned to their homeport is the
gence requirements and preliminary es- hallmark of MCIAs expeditionary intel-
timates of supportability, not only using ligence support.
111
part 4:
Ground Mobility and
Fire Support
chapter 3: programs
Introduction
Todays operational environment demands speed, agility, and mobility of ground
forces to respond to, if not anticipate, an adversarys actions, often in complex, ambigu-
ous battlefields, against irregular forces and in a wide variety of operational desert,
jungle, mountain, and Arctic environments. Individual Marines must also be capable
of deterring and defeating the conventional force of more traditional adversaries, where
the ability to maneuver with speed and agility also remains paramount to achieving mis-
sion objectives. An important enabler of maneuver warfare mobility is the individual
Marines ability to call in offensive and defensive fires from ground-based, airborne, and
seaborne systems. Timely, responsive, high-accuracy and precision fires can often mean
the difference between success and failure.
The Army and Marine Corps are working together to develop tactical wheeled ve-
hicle requirements for the joint forces. The defined capabilities reflect an appropriate
balance in the survivability, mobility, payload, networking, transportability, and sustain-
ability. The Army/Marine Corps Board has proven a valuable forum for coordination
of the development, fielding strategies, and production of armoring kits, up-armored
High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicles, and rapid response to requests for Mine-
Resistant Ambush-Protected Vehicles.
In 2007, The Major Combat Operations Analysis for Fiscal Years 2014 to 2024
study scrutinized the current organic fire support of the Marine Air Ground Task Force
(MAGTF) to determine the adequacy, integration, and modernization requirements for
ground, aviation, and naval surfaces fires. The Marine Corps also performed a supple-
mental historical study using Operation Iraqi Freedom data to examine MAGTF fires in
the full spectrum of warfare. These studies reconfirmed our development of the Triad of
Ground Indirect Fires. Several innovative systems related to fire support significantly en-
hanced the warfighting efficiency and effectiveness of the MAGTF, including the M777A2
Lightweight Howitzer, High Mobility Artillery Rocket System, Expeditionary Fire Sup-
port System, Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System, and the Target Location, Des-
ignation, and Handoff system.
113
Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle (EFV)
biological, and chemical protection will

significantly enhance the lethality and
survivability of Marine maneuver units
across the spectrum of operations. The
EFV enables the Navy and Marine Corps
team to project power from the sea base in
a manner that will exploit intervening sea
and land terrain, achieve surprise, avoid
enemy strengths, and generate never-be-
fore-realized operational tempo, surviv-
ability, and lethality across the spectrum
of conflict.
Description
The Marine Corps number-one pri-
ority ground program, the EFV, will be Program Status
the primary means of tactical mobility The EFV program is in the Systems
for the Marine rifle squad during ship-to- Development and Demonstration Phase
shore amphibious operations and sub- of the acquisition process. Following a
sequent operations ashore. The EFV is a successful review process, the program
ship to shore self-deploying, high-water released a design at Critical Design Re-
speed, armored amphibious vehicle ca- view conducted during the first quarter
pable of transporting Marines from ships FY 2009 that met all allocated require-
located beyond the horizon to inland ob- ments, including reliability. These im-
jectives. The EFV will have the speed and provements will be demonstrated during
maneuvering capabilities to operate with Developmental Test and Operational Test
main battle tanks on land. In addition, starting in the second quarter FY 2010
the vehicles can use virtually all bodies of on seven prototypes. The Low Rate Ini-
water as avenues of approach and maneu- tial Production decision (Milestone C) is
ver. The EFV is a fully tracked infantry programmed for FY 2012, with Full Rate
combat vehicle that will be operated and Production to begin in FY 2015. IOC is
maintained by a crew of three Marines scheduled for 2016 and FOC is scheduled
and have a troop capacity of 17 Marines for 2026.
with their individual combat equipment.
The EFV replaces the Assault Amphibi- Procurement Profile: The acquisition
ous Vehicle (AAV7A1) that was fielded in objective is 573 EFVs.
1972 and will be more than 40 years old
when the EFV is fielded. Developer/Manufacturer:
The Joint Services Manufacturing Center in
Lima, OH, is the production and assembly
Operational Impact site for the EFV. The prime contractor is
The EFVs high speed on land and General Dynamics Amphibious Systems,
water, highly lethal day/night-fighting Woodbridge, VA
ability, advanced armor, and nuclear,
114
chapter 3: programs
Mine-Resistant Ambush-Protected (MRAP) Vehicle
command and control, and combat ser-

vice support.
Category II vehicles support multi-mis-
sion operations such as convoy secu-
rity, troop and cargo transport, limited
combat engineering and EOD support,
CASEVAC, and ambulance.
Category III vehicles support mine/IED
clearance operations that also include
route clearance.

MRAP vehicles are V-shaped hulled, Because Marine units operating in
raised chassis, armored vehicles with a complex security environment require
blast-resistant underbodies designed to vehicles capable of surviving mine/IED,
protect crews from mine and Improvised
small-arms fire, rocket-propelled grenade,
Explosive Device (IED) blasts, as well
and vehicle-borne IED attacks, MRAP
as fragmentary and small-arms threats.
vehicles provide deployed commanders,
Four categories of MRAP vehicles carry
various units, EOD, and Combat Engi-
out several critical missions:
neer teams with survivable ground-mo-
MRAP-All Terrain Vehicle (M-ATV) bility platforms. Marines participate in
supports small-unit combat operations and/or respond rapidly to a variety of of-
in complex and highly restricted rural, fensive, stability, and security operations
mountainous, and urban terrains. The without a large security contingent and
M-ATV provides better overall mobility they need a vehicle capable of function-
characteristics than the original CAT I, ing in a counter attack after surviving a
II, and III MRAP vehicles and provides first blow ambush or attack.
better survivability characteristics than
any High Mobility Multi-Wheeled Ve-
hicle variant. The M-ATV retains the Program Status
same survivability threshold as the A sole-source contract was awarded
MRAP CAT I, II, and III vehicles. The in November 2006 for 200 CAT II and up
M-ATV will support mounted patrols, to 80 CAT III vehicles to bridge urgent
reconnaissance, security, convoy pro- warfighting needs, after which a competi-
tection, casualty evacuation, data in- tive acquisition for the balance of CAT I
terchange, and command and control and CAT II platforms was put in place. In
functions. January 2007, nine indefinite delivery, in-
Category I vehicles support operations definite quantity contracts were awarded
in an urban environment and other to vendors that demonstrated capabilities
restricted/confined spaces; including to meet the programs overarching objec-
mounted patrols, reconnaissance, secu- tive of producing the maximum number
rity, convoy protection, Explosive Ord- of survivable, safe, and sustainable MRAP
nance Disposal (EOD), communica- vehicles in the shortest period of time.
tions, casualty evacuation (CASEVAC), The Joint Program Office (JPO) has used
115
II) in Afghanistan, for example, are being

upgraded with Independent Suspension
Systems (ISS) to improve durability and
survivability in the more difficult Afghan
terrain. The JPO is also assessing the use
of ISS on other MRAP vehicles. Addi-
tional modernization efforts include bar
armor, rocket propelled grenade defeat,
Automatic Fire Suppression Systems and
other improvements to enhance MRAP
performance in the Afghanistan.
The JPO awarded a contract to Os-
hkosh Corporation in June 2009 for a
a series of Low Rate Initial Production smaller, more agile MRAP variant. The
delivery orders with six of the vendors to M-ATV fulfills an urgent and compel-
order a majority of the vehicles. ling requirement to protect Marines with
A total of 22,882 vehicles are being a highly survivable and off-road capable
procured for the Army, Marine Corps, vehicle. The current M-ATV requirement
Air Force, Navy, and the U.S. Special Op- is for 6,644 vehicles. M-ATVs began ar-
erations Command. The Marine Corps is riving in Afghanistan in October 2009.
executing the joint program on behalf of
the Navy (lead Service). To date, the JPO Procurement Profile: FY2007-FY2010
has acquired 20,205 vehicles (including Army 15,941
137 legacy systems) to satisfy the acquisi- Marine Corps 4,115
tion objective. Navy 661
Force Protection, Industries (FPI) Air Force 810
and the other MRAP CAT I and II vehicle SOCOM 1,129
manufacturers have completed produc- Test Vehicles 226
tion of all vehicles for the Marine Corps TOTAL 22,882
and the JPO. The Marine Corps Force,
Central Command objective was reached Developer/Manufacturer:
in June 2008. International customer ve- BAE, York, PA
hicle production will continue at FPI.
BAE-TVS, Sealy, TX
As of September 2009, 16,454 MRAP
vehicles had been accepted by the govern- Force Protection, Industries, Inc. (FPI),
ment; 14,412 vehicles have been fielded Charleston, SC
to units in theater (9,548 in Iraq, 3,304 in General Dynamics Land Systems-Canada
Afghanistan, and 1,560 in Kuwait, Qatar, (GDLS-C), London, Ontario
and Bahrain.
The JPO has initiated a constant Navistar Defense, LLC, Warrenville, IL
modernization process and Capability Oshkosh Corporation, Oshkosh, WI
Insertion (CI) program in Theater for ve-
hicles redeploying from Iraq to Afghani-
stan. All MRAP Cougars (CAT I and CAT
116
chapter 3: programs
Marine Personnel Carrier (MPC)
Operational Impact
The MPC supports expeditionary
maneuver by enhancing Marine operat-
ing forces tactical mobility at high pro-
tection levels. It possesses a balance of
performance, payload, and protection
across the range of military operations.
MPCs will be optimized to support the
Ground Combat Element conducting ir-
regular or major combat operations. This
Description
protected mobility capability is essential
The MPC will provide three infan- in achieving critical operational and tac-
try battalions expeditionary maneuver tical outcomes, e.g., gaining access, shap-
protection against ground combat and ing the operational environment, seizing
irregular warfare threats. An MPC com- and maintaining the initiative, gaining
pany lifts an infantry battalion along and maintaining continuous pressure
with infantrys organic wheeled assets. and positioning forces to locate, identify,
MPCs will be employed by the Assault destroy, neutralize, or suppress targets as
Amphibian Battalions and will have three required.
variants. The MPC-Personnel will be the
base variant, two of which transport and
support a reinforced infantry squad. The Program Status
MPC-Command will be employed as a In the spring of 2008, the Marine Re-
mobile command-echelon/ fire-support quirements Oversight Council validated
the MPC requirement and approved the
coordination center for infantry battalion
materiel solution as an advanced-gener-
headquarters. The MPC-Recovery will be
ation armored personnel carrier and that
the maintenance and recovery variant of
the MPCs be integrated into the Assault
the MPC.
Amphibian battalions. Milestone A is
slated for the second quarter FY 2010. At
that time, an acquisition strategy of full
and open competition will be initiated.
117
Internally Transportable Vehicle (ITV)
22 and CH-53E/K by deploying ground

units equipped with highly mobile light-
strike vehicles armed with heavy or me-
dium machine guns. The Interim Fast
Attack Vehicle (IFAV) is currently fielded
and is deployable inside the CH-53E air-
craft, but the Ground Combat Element
currently has no ground-mobility plat-
form that can deploy inside the MV-22.
ITV will replace the Interim Fast Attack
Vehicle.
Description
The ITV will be a highly mobile Program Status
weapons-capable light-strike platform The ITV Program is currently in
that can support a variety of operations. production and deployment. A full rate
It will provide Marine Air Ground Task production decision was approved in July
Force (MAGTF) ground combat units 2008 and Initial Operational Capability
with a vehicle transportable in CH-53E/K was achieved in June 2009, when one in-
fantry battalion received 15 ITVs.
helicopters and MV-22 tilt-rotor air-
craft. It also will provide reconnaissance Procurement Profile: FY 2010 FY 2011
units equal or greater mobility than the Quantity: 40 73
MAGTF maneuver elements they sup-
port, thereby enhancing mission perfor- Developer/Manufacturer:
mance and survivability. General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical
Systems, St. Petersburg, FL, with subcon-
tractor American Growler, Robbins, NC
Operational Impact
The ITV will allow MAGTF com-
manders to take maximum advantage of
the speed and range offered by the MV-
118
chapter 3: programs
High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV)

Expanded Capacity Vehicle (HMMWV ECV)
units that require specific vehicle config-

urations, the detailed requirements will
be provided in kit form, capable of being
installed at the general support main-
tenance level or below, or by incorpora-
tion of Component of Major End Items/
Component of End Items by the system
integrator. To meet the new Approved
Acquisition Objective (AAO) and have
100 percent of the HMMWVs with the
IAP and 60 percent fully up-armored, a
major transition of HMMWV types and
Description configurations is on-going. Operational
The HMMWV ECV is the fourth- and emergent requirements are being
generation design of the HMMWV and sourced; however there exists a signifi-
is replacing the aging fleet of baseline A1 cant AAO shortfall that will be addressed
variants and some A2 variants. The HM- in the FY 2012 program.
MWV was originally fielded to Marine
Corps units in the mid-1980s. The ECV
is the latest generation and upgrades Program Status
include: a 6.5L turbo engine; micropro- The Marine Corps has procured,
cessor-controlled engine electrical start fielded, and supported large numbers of
system; more powerful Environment HMMWVs since the mid-1980s, and the
Protection Agency compliant engine; in- infrastructure and processes are well es-
creased payload (500 pounds); improved tablished to support fielding ECVs, and
corrosion prevention; and access panels to phase-out baseline A1 and some A2
to facilitate maintenance. Current armor variants. Training courses and techni-
guidance from the Marine Corps Combat cal manuals are being updated, and ECV
Development Command is 100 percent of unique parts and tools are being integrat-
the HMMWV fleet is to have Integrated ed into the existing supply system. The
Armor Package (IAP) at a minimum, and AAO for the USMC is 26,502 units. With
60 percent are to be fully up-armored. the realignment of the AAO validation,
MAGTF Table of Equipment review, and
armoring guidance, the total HMMWV
Operational Impact A2 and ECVs procured that meet the
To successfully accomplish their mis- AAO requirement is 17,722. The USMC
sions, Marine Air Ground Task Forces Armoring Strategy is currently being
(MAGTFs) require a light tactical vehicle drafted and could further shape the HM-
for command and control, troop trans- MWV program.
port, light cargo transport, shelter car-
rier, towed weapons prime mover, and Procurement Profile: FY 2010 FY 2011
weapons platform throughout all areas Quantity: 53 208
of the battlefield or mission area. Also, 71
Marine Corps component programs use
the HMMWV as their prime mover. For
119
Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV)
Description tion. Using a system of systems approach,

The JLTV is a joint Army/Marine JLTV will increase warfighter maneuver
Corps multinational program for a fam- capacity by providing protected mobility
ily of light tactical vehicles and com- on the modern battlefield. JLTVs perfor-
panion trailers. JLTV objectives include: mance characteristics will exceed the un-
increased protection and performance; armored HMMWV and will return expe-
minimizing ownership costs by maximiz- ditionary mobility to the joint services.
ing commonality and reliability; increas-
ing fuel efficiency; and executing effective Program Status
competition throughout the program de- The JLTV program is currently in the
velopment. The JLTV Family of Vehicles Technology Development (TD) phase.
(FoVs) includes ten configurations and The Defense Acquisition Executive (DAE)
companion trailers in three payload cat- approved the Milestone A Decision in
egories. Commonality of components, December 2007. A Request for Proposals
maintenance procedures, and training was released in February 2008 and three
between all variants will minimize total contracts were awarded in October 2008
ownership costs. to BAE Systems, General Tactical Vehicles
(a joint venture between General Dy-
namics Land Systems and AM General),
Operational Impact
and Lockheed Martin. The results of the
The JLTV FoVs will be capable of op- 27-month TD phase will inform and sup-
erating across a broad spectrum of terrain port finalization of the CDD scheduled
and weather conditions. The approved for completion in FY 2011 prior to Mile-
JLTV Initial Capabilities Document, stone B.
and the Draft Capabilities Development The three original equipment manu-
Document (CDD) identifies required ca- facturers will then deliver seven proto-
pabilities for the next generation of light type vehicles and four trailers for testing
tactical vehicles needed to support joint during third quarter FY 2010, which will
forces across the full range of military op- be followed with 12 months of govern-
erations and provide a vital force enabler, ment testing. Upon the completion of
multiplier, and extender. the TD phase, the services currently an-
The joint services intend to replace ticipate conducting another full and open
a portion of the HMMWV fleet with competition with award of two contracts
JLTVs as part of the ground transporta- for the Engineering and Manufacturing
tion modernization effort, but it is not Development phase, with full production
meant to be a direct replacement for exist- and fielding anticipated in FY 2013. The
ing vehicles. JLTV will give the warfighter Marine Corps Approved Acquisition Ob-
increased protection through the use of jective is for 5,500 vehicles.
scalable armor solutions, while returning
the payload currently traded by existing
tactical vehicles for added armor protec-
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chapter 3: programs
Medium Tactical Vehicle Replacement (MTVR)
is capable of withstanding small-arms

fire, improvised explosive devices, and
mines. It includes upgraded suspension,
air condition system, removable armored
personnel carrier (with ballistic glass),
machine gun mounts, and the Marine
Corps Transparent Armor Gun Shield.
The MAS is a permanent modifi-
cation to the vehicle, and includes an
upgraded front suspension and cabin
rebuild. The kit includes an integrated
air-conditioning system and machine gun
Description mount. The Cargo MAS kit includes an
The MTVR program is replacing the optional removable Troop Carrier (with
aging medium truck fleet (M809/M939) ballistic glass), which also supports Mari-
series 5-ton trucks with state-of-the- time Pre-positioned Shipping (MPS) re-
art commercial automotive technology. quirements.
The MTVR has an increased payload of
7.1 tons off-road and 15 tons on-road, a
high-performance suspension, traction Operational Impact
control, new engine, central tire inflation More than 1,300 MTVRs are being
system, automatic transmission, and cor- used in theater. The MTVR can readily
rosion technology upgrades. negotiate terrain twice as rough as the
There are several variants of the ba- 5-tons capability.
sic MTVR platform for different tasking,
including a cargo variant, dump truck,
a wrecker, and a tractor. The dump and Program Status
wrecker variants maintain maximum The MAS is installed in all MTVR
commonality with the basic MTVR cargo variants in Iraq and Afghanistan, and
chassis while performing their unique the service has continued to improve the
missions. The Marine Corps is procur- MAS in response to Urgent Universal
ing the Navy tractor variant to serve as Needs Statements adding increased
the prime mover for the Mk 970 refueler underbody blast protection, fuel tank
variant, and the Navy also uses MTVR ve- fire-protection kits, and 300-amp alter-
hicles for construction battalion (Seabee) nator kits (e.g., for powering counter im-
operations. provised explosive devices). Every MTVR
The MTVR Armor System (MAS) that leaves the forward operating base
provides complete 360-degree protection is equipped with the MAS. Discussions
as well as overhead and underbody pro- are ongoing with the Office of Naval Re-
tection for the crew compartment using search, Program Manager Expeditionary
Mil-A-46100 High Hard Steel and Metal Power Systems, and Program Executive
Composite standards. It is designed for Officer Land Systems for a follow-on Ex-
the life of the vehicle (22 years). The MAS portable Power (diesel hybrid).
121
Logistics Vehicle System Replacement (LVSR)
Operational Impact
To successfully accomplish their mis-
sion, MAGTFs require a heavy ground lo-
gistics distribution system that is highly
mobile, efficient, extremely reliable, and
flexible. This system must be capable of
operating over increased distances with
increased payloads to meet the demands
of Expeditionary Maneuver Warfare. The
Description LVSR will rapidly distribute all classes of
The LVSR will replace the current supply, while including a self-loading/un-
Marine Corps heavy-tactical wheeled ve- loading capability to reduce dependence
hicle, the Logistics Vehicle System (LVS). on external material handling equipment.
As the Marine Corps heavy-tactical dis- For example, the LVSR will help address
tribution system, the LVSR cargo vari- one of the Marine Corps biggest chal-
ant will transport several cargoes: bulk lenges in Afghanistan of getting supplies,
liquids (fuel and water); ammunition; equipment, and logistics into the remote
standardized containers; bulk, break-
areas that Marines are operating.
bulk, and palletized cargo; and bridging
equipment. The LVSR will have wrecker
and tracker variants as well and will be Program Status
employed throughout the MAGTF. The LVSR achieved Initial Operational
vehicle base design includes factory- Capability in September 2009. The origi-
installed armor and is also designed to nal indefinite delivery/indefinite quantity
accept an add-on armor kit for increased order contract for the LVSR was awarded
crew protection. in May 2006 to Oshkosh Defense, Osh-
The all wheel drive vehicle is equipped kosh, WI. The contract has a value of $987
with an independent suspension system million based on a production quantity
for superior off-road mobility in the most of 1,699 units. As of end FY 2009, 663
severe environments. The LVSR features vehicles had been placed under contract.
an on-road payload capacity of 22.5 tons
Full-rate vehicle production began in
and an off-road payload capacity of 16.5
December 2008 and includes add-on ar-
tons. Its maneuverability is increased by
mor B kits, in addition to the factory-
four-axle steering capabilities. The LVSR
is also equipped with advanced electron- installed integral (A kit) armor, and can
ics system for in-cab diagnostics of the be applied in the field.
vehicles critical systems, including the
engine, transmission, and brakes. It uses
Oshkosh Defense Corporation, Oshkosh, WI
a single-source lubrication system for
easier maintenance and has a 600-horse-
power C15 engine.
122
chapter 3: programs
Route Reconnaissance and Clearance (R2C)

Family of Systems
vides warfighter and system survivability

against asymmetric threats. R2C opera-
tions also enable the effective execution
of the stability operations tasks of initial
humanitarian assistance, limited gover-
nance, restoration of essential public ser-
vices, and other reconstruction assistance
by providing access and protection to the
executing forces and agencies and gathers
geospatial information vital for mobility
planning.
Description
The R2C capability set mitigates the
threat of mines, Improvised Explosive Program Status
Devices and obstacles along routes in the This is a FY 2010 new start Program
Marine Air Ground Task Force Area of of Record. The Capability Production
Operation. R2C units can perform stand- Document was approved by the Marine
off detection, interrogation, marking, and Requirements Oversight Council in Au-
clearance of explosive and non-explosive gust 2009. Increment I consists of procur-
obstacles in order to ensure the mobility ing Light Weight Mine Rollers, Robots,
of friendly forces. In addition, it provides Vehicle Mounted Mine Detectors, and
a rapidly employable set capable of per-
Light Weight Route Clearance Blades that
forming route reconnaissance to obtain
will augment currently fielded CAT I, II &
information about key terrain features,
III Mine-Resistant Ambush-Protected ve-
route conditions, and obstacles along
specific routes. The R2C set will reside in hicles to provide an initial R2C capability
combat engineer battalions (CEB), engi- set. Increment II consists of the fielding
neer support battalions (ESB), and Ma- of refurbished CAT I and II MRAPs, CAT
rine wing support squadrons (MWSS). III Marine Personnel Carriers, addition
Each CEB and ESB will be assigned three of an Interrogation Arm onto specified
sets and each MWSS will be assigned R2C platforms, and procurement of Au-
one set. tomated Route Reconnaissance Kits and
Vehicle Optic Senor Systems.
Operational Impact Procurement Profile: FY 2010 FY 2011

This mobility capability is essential Increment I Sets 12 11
for maintaining access, shaping the bat-
tlespace, establishing the initiative, posi- Developer/Manufacturer:
tioning forces, and supporting dispersed The R2C Family of Systems uses products
forces. This capability ensures maneuver from multiple vendors and government
and sustainment forces reach their objec- agencies with the largest being Force Pro-
tives when subject to attack by the vari- tection, Industries, Inc. (FPII), Charleston,
ety of explosive weapons and ambushes SC, and General Dynamics Land Systems,
characteristic of irregular warfare. It pro- Sterling Heights, MI
123
Expeditionary Fire Support System (EFSS)
gaging a spectrum of potential point and

area targets, including motorized, light
armored and dismounted personnel;
command and control systems; and indi-
rect-fire systems. The EFSS will afford the
MAGTF commander increased flexibility
in tailoring his fire-support systems to
support the scheme of maneuver. EFSS-
equipped units will be particularly well
Description suited for missions requiring speed, tac-
The EFSS will be the third and fi- tical agility, and vertical transportability.
nal system of a land-based fire-support The EFSS design and configuration will
triad that also includes the Lightweight ensure that its tactical mobility, in the air
155mm Howitzer and the High Mobil- and on the ground, is equal to that of the
ity Artillery Rocket System (HIMARS). force supported.
Accompanying Marine Air Ground Task
Forces (MAGTFs) in all types of expe- Program Status
ditionary operations, EFSS will be the The EFSS Program is currently in
primary indirect fire-support system for production and deployment. Full rate
the vertical-assault element of the Ship- production was approved in June 2008
To-Objective Maneuver force. As such, and Initial Operational Capability was
the EFSS launcher, the mobility platform, achieved in March 2009, when one artil-
a portion of the basic load of ammuni- lery regiment received six EFSS systems.
tion, and a portion of its crew will be in-
ternally transportable by a single CH-53E Procurement Profile: FY 2010 FY 2011
helicopter or a single MV-22 tilt-rotor Quantity: 20 10
aircraft, and will possess the greatest pos-
sible range and flexibility of employment Developer/Manufacturer:
for operational maneuver from the sea. General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical
Systems, St. Petersburg, FL, with subcon-
Operational Impact tractor TDA Armaments (THALES Group),
The EFSS will expand the maneuver La Ferte-Saint Aubin, France
commanders spectrum of fire support
options and be capable of successfully en-
124
chapter 3: programs
High Mobility Artillery Rocket System (HIMARS)
to provide precision fires in support of

maneuver forces. HIMARS is a trans-
formational, 24-hour, ground-based,
responsive, general support/general
support-reinforcing, precision, indirect-
fire weapon system that accurately en-
gages targets at long ranges (40+ miles)
with high volumes of lethal fire under
all weather conditions and throughout
all phases of combat operations ashore.
HIMARS will be fielded to two battalions
Description (one active and one Reserve) in the Ma-
HIMARS is a C-130-transportable, rine Corps.
wheeled, indirect-fire, rocket/missile sys-
tem capable of firing all rockets and mis-
siles in the current and future Multiple Program Status
Launch Rocket System (MLRS) Family The HIMARS program is in the op-
of Munitions (MFOM). The HIMARS erations and support phase. HIMARS
launcher consists of a fire-control sys- achieved Initial Operational Capability in
tem, carrier (automotive platform), and fourth quarter FY 2008. Full Operational
launcher-loader module that will per- Capability will be achieved in FY 2010.
form all operations necessary to complete
a fire mission. The system is defined as Procurement Profile: FY 2010 FY 2011
one launcher, two resupply vehicles, and Quantity: 0 0
two resupply trailers and munitions.
Launcher and MFOM: Lockheed Martin
Operational Impact Corporation,
HIMARS addresses an identified,
critical warfighting deficiency in Marine Missiles & Fire Control Division, Dallas, TX
Corps fire support. HIMARS will pri- Re-Supply System: Oshkosh Truck Corpora-
marily employ the Guided MLRS rocket tion, Oshkosh, WI
125
Lightweight 155mm Howitzer (LW155)
compared to the M198 system. Addition-

ally, the M777/M777A2 emplaces three
times faster, displaces four times faster,
traverses 32 percent more terrain world-
wide and is 70 percent more survivable
than the M198.
The M777A2 is capable of firing
unassisted high explosive projectiles us-
ing conventional and modular propel-
lants to a range of 15 miles and rocket
assisted projectiles to approximately 19
miles; however, the addition of the digital
fire-control system (DFCS) enables the
weapon to program and fire the M982
Excalibur precision-guided munitions
to ranges of 24 miles with better than
10-meter circular error probable (CEP)
accuracy (i.e., 50 percent of the rounds
Description will impact within ten meters of the aim
The LW155 is a joint Marine Corps/ point). The weapon is capable of firing up
Army program to develop, produce, to four rounds per minute with sustain-
and field a towed 155mm howitzer that ment firing of two rounds per minute.
provides increased mobility, survivabil- The M777A2 is an upgrade to the ba-
ity, deployability, and sustainability in sic weapon that adds a digital fire-control
expeditionary operations throughout system using a global positioning system,
the world. The LW155, designated the an inertial navigation unit, and a vehicle
M777/M777A2, is a direct- and general- motion sensor to accurately locate and
support artillery system replacing the orient the weapon to deliver greater accu-
M198 155mm Medium Towed Howitzer racy, responsiveness, and reliability. The
in both services. It has incorporated in- system also integrates radios for voice
novative design technologies to overcome and digital communications and a Chief
deficiencies inherent in the current M198 of Section Display that is decoupled and
howitzer. The LW155 is the first ground mounted into the cab of the prime mover
combat system whose major structures for use as a navigation aid.
are made of high-strength titanium alloy,
and the system makes extensive use of hy-
draulics to operate the breech, load tray, Operational Impact
recoil, and wheel arms. The combination The LW155 provides significantly
of titanium structures and the use of hy- greater combat capability to troops. The
draulic systems resulted in a significant weight reduction improves transportabil-
weight savings (more than 7,000 pounds) ity and mobility without impacting range
126
chapter 3: programs
or accuracy. The lightweight M777A2 are taken into account for accurate
can be airlifted by the CH-53E/K and the targeting.
MV-22 Osprey into remote high-altitude The gun remains stable when firing,
locations inaccessible by ground trans- despite its lightweight, by being out of
portation. Some M777A2 facts: balance with the barrel mounted low
The M777A2 can fire the precision and forward.
guided Excalibur munitions, co-devel-
oped by BAE Systems Global Combat
Systems, up to 24 miles with sufficient Program Status
accuracy, for example, to target selected The LW155 is in-service with the U.S.
portions of a building, reducing the Marine Corps and Army and has been de-
chance of non-combatant casualties and ployed in current operations. The Cana-
enabling supporting fire to be delivered dian army purchased the base M777 un-
much closer to friendly troops. der a foreign military sale (FMS) contract
and has 16 M777A2 howitzers in service
It can fire a standard 43.5 kilogram shell
with the Royal Horse Artillery in Afghan-
almost 21 miles at 2.5 times the speed
istan. Canada will be receiving an addi-
of sound. The projectile takes about a
tional 21 howitzers. Australia has a FMS
minute to fly the distance and reaches
case under way to purchase the M777A2.
a maximum height of 12 kilometers.
Through May 2009, the total number of
The shell reaches its maximum speed of
orders for the gun had reached 737 units.
1,800 miles per hour by the time it exits
the muzzle of the gun. Developer/Manufacturer:
The energy released firing at maximum Manufacture and assembly of the titanium
range is 40 megajoules. structures and recoil components: Barrow-
The internal cannon peak pressure dur- in-Furness, UK
ing firing reaches 60,000 pounds per
square inch. Integration and testing: BAE Systems Global
The wind speed, meteorological con- Combat Systems, Hattiesburg, MS
ditions and even the Earths rotation
127
Target Location, Designation, and Hand-off

System (TLDHS)
Description Power Control Teams of the Air and Na-

A joint fires/combined-arms tool, val Gunfire Liaison Companies, Marine
the TLDHS is a modular, man-portable, Corps Special Operations Command,
equipment suite that provides the capa- and the supporting training commands.
bility to quickly and accurately acquire TLDHS maintains interoperability with
targets in day, night, and near-all weather several systems, including Advanced Field
visibility conditions. It is the first system Artillery Tactical Data System (AFATDS),
within the Department of Defense ap- Naval Fire Control System, Joint Tacti-
proved for fielding that allows observers cal Common Operational Picture Work-
to control Close Air Support (CAS) as station Gateway, Common Laser Range
well as artillery and naval fire-support Finder, and the AN/PRC-117 Tactical
missions on a single system using digital Combat Net Radio. TLDHS is developed
communications. to be interoperable with numerous joint
services fire command and control sys-
tems and delivery platforms.
Operational Impact
TLDHS enables operators to conduct
target acquisition and target hand-off to Program Status
fire support agencies using existing and An evolutionary acquisition ap-
planned communications equipment to proach is used for this Acquisition Cat-
support maneuver units of the Marine egory III program. TLDHS is currently
Air Ground Task Force. Operators are in Block II Full Rate Production. TLDHS
able to accurately determine and desig- Block II provides extended CAS func-
nate a targets location and then digitally tionality for the FAC/ Joint Terminal
transmit (hand-off) these target data to Attack Controllers via enhanced digital
supporting arms elements. The TLDHS interfaces with the F-16, AV-8B and F/A-
employs a laser designator for precision- 18 aircraft. Block II also adds the ability
guided munitions and laser spot trackers, for FOs to conduct indirect fire missions
and it also generates accurate coordinates via the AFATDS. The program is sched-
for global positioning system-guided uled to reach Full Operational Capability
weapons, including Excalibur and Joint in the fourth quarter FY 2011. The Ap-
Direct Attack Munitions. The primary proved Acquisition Objective is 976 with
operators are Forward Air Controllers 496 fielded through FY 2009.
(FAC) and Joint Terminal Attack Con-
troller (JTAC) for CAS, Forward Observ- Developer/Manufacturer:
ers (FO) for field artillery missions, Fire Stauder Technologies, Saint Peters, MO
128
chapter 3: programs
The Family of Target Acquisition Systems (FTAS)
AN/TSQ-267.
The AN/TSQ-267 TPS is the com-
mand and control (C2) node of the FTAS
capability providing radar deployment
orders, support functions and provides
target data to the counterfire/counter-
measure servicing agent. The TPS uses
the Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data
System as its primary communication,
and C2 tool. As a program within Pro-
gram Manager Radar Systems, the capa-
bility is being fielded under an Abbrevi-
ated Acquisition Program (AAP).
Program Status
The FTAS Program Office is support-
ing the warfighter with all three systems.
The Firefinder and LCMR are deployed.
The Marine Corps is procuring and field-
Description
ing an additional 22 Firefinder radar sys-
FTAS is the Ground Combat Ele-
ments (GCE) indirect-fire acquisition tems to support expanded requirements.
capability. The FTAS comprises the AN/ The LCMR is being fielded under an AAP,
TPQ-46 Firefinder Ground Weapons with an Approved Acquisition Objective
Locating Radar (GWLR), the AN/TPQ- (AAO) of 46 systems. Procurements for
48 Lightweight Counter Mortar Ra- both the Firefinder and LCMR have been
dar (LCMR), and the Target Processing funded using Overseas Contingency Op-
Set (TPS). erations (OCO) procurement. AAO for
TPS is seven sets, two per for each active
Operational Impact duty artillery regiment and one for the re-
The AN/TPQ-46 Firefinder provides serve component. Naval Surface Warfare
the ability to locate Indirect Fire (IDF) Center, Crane, IN, is the system integrator
weapons to include mortars, artillery, and as this program provides an S788 shelter
rockets within a 1600 mill search sector configured to house the existing suite of
from ranges of .75 to 24 kilometers and is C2 equipment.
the primary IDF detection system in the
Marine Corps. Developer/Manufacturer:
The AN/TPQ-48 LCMR provides a AN/TPQ-46: The system is a combination of
6400 mil mortar detection capability at a control shelter manufactured by Northrop
ranges of 1 to 5 kilometers, short-range Grumman, an antenna transceiver manufac-
detection coverage, and slewing/cueing tured by Thales Raytheon, as well as prime
mover and communication equipment.
intelligence to the AN/TPQ-46 via the
LCMR: Syracuse Research Corporation
129
part 5:
Aviation
chapter 3: programs
Introduction
Fixed and rotary-wing aircraft organic to the Marine Air Ground Task Force
(MAGTF) shape the battlespace and fight the battle, often in direct support of individual
Marines on the ground. This air-ground combined-arms team has proven unequalled
in answering the Nations calls across the spectrum of operations, from humanitarian
assistance to delivering ordnance on target during crisis and conflict. Regardless of the
multifaceted and dynamic threats faced, the mission remains unchanged: to remain the
MAGTFs aviation force in readiness.
Today, the priority is to replace legacy aircraft some of which have been flying
since the Vietnam War with vastly more capable aircraft. The Marine Corps chal-
lenge is to remain engaged operationally, sustaining the force while executing a transi-
tion strategy for the future. In that regard, the Marine Aviation Plan is a phased, multi-
year plan looking out ten years and beyond, incorporating force structure changes to
balance the active duty and reserve components. The Marine Corps is introducing gen-
eration-skipping technologies while providing critical manpower increases simultane-
ously, to all flying squadrons and selected sections of the Marine Aircraft Group and
Marine Aircraft Wing headquarters. Critical to this effort are our numerous transition
task forces, leading the way as we transition from 13 types of legacy aircraft to seven
new platforms.
The Marine Corps transition strategy can be separated into two mutually support-
ive efforts: sustain the legacy fleet and transition to new aircraft. Sustaining the legacy
fleet includes upgrading command and control systems as well as aviation ground sup-
port systems in four concurrent programs:
Aviation Combat Element (ACE) legacy aircraft modernization
Theater Battle Management Core System
The Joint Interface Control Office Support System
Aviation Ground Support System
The Marine Corps will transition to new aircraft and systems on schedule and
within established budgets. The overarching transition strategy detailed in the Marine
Aviation Plan is our roadmap for navigating through this challenge. This living docu-
ment outlines the Marine Corps multiyear transition plan to a dramatically changed
fleet, and provides details for:
F-35B Short Take-Off Vertical Landing Joint Strike Fighter (STOVL JSF) program
MV-22 Osprey program
H-1 Upgrade program (UH-1Y / AH-1Z)
KC-130J transition and Harvest Hawk system introduction
CH-53K program and heavy lift requirements
Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) programs and upgrades
Operational support aircraft sustainment and upgrades
131
Aviation Combat Element (ACE) Legacy Aircraft Modernization
The Marine Corps has several sig- dispensing system and system to defeat
nificant aviation modernization pro- infrared missiles. Numerous weight re-
grams underway to restore and enhance duction initiatives have commenced and
the capabilities of its existing aircraft and include lightweight ceramic armor and
systems. These modernization efforts are lightweight armored aircrew seats. CH-
vital to the Marine Corps near- to mid- 46E readiness and utilization rates are at
term combat capabilities. historic highs, and the efforts underway
will help these aircraft perform the mis-
sion safely and effectively until their re-
CH-46E Sea Knight
tirement.
CH-53E Super Stallion
The CH-46E Sea Knight performs

medium-lift combat missions in the ex-
ecution of the assault support function The CH-53E Super Stallion is a three-
of Marine aviation. The CH-46E is ful- engine, long-range, heavy-lift helicopter
filling critical roles in combat operations that has been key to the assault support
throughout the globe and continues to function of Marine aviation. However,
be deployed with Marine Expedition- the CH-53E cannot support the range
ary Units. Sustainability, performance and payload requirements of Marine
improvements, and payload-recovery Corps future warfighting concepts. The
programs are essential to ensure the current fleet of aircraft is being flown at
platform continues to meet Marine Air higher rates than planned due to global
Ground Task Force (MAGTF) and joint commitments. A sustainment strategy has
warfighting requirements through 2019. therefore been implemented to address
Because the CH-46E continues to play a critical fatigue, obsolescence, and reliabil-
vital role in support of overseas contin- ity issues. A fully new-build design of the
gency operations, aircraft survivability Marine Corps heavy-lift platform, focus-
equipment systems are being upgraded ing on reliability, maintainability, cost of
to mitigate enemy threats, including the ownership, and performance, is required
missile warning system, countermeasures to meet MAGTF and joint warfighting re-
132
chapter 3: programs
quirements during the next 25 years. the weapons and sensors capabilities of
The CH-53K program is the mate- the aircraft. OSCAR with Operational
rial solution to maintaining a heavy-lift Flight Program H5.0 enables the AV-8B
capability beyond the year 2025. The CH- to employ the Dual-Mode Laser-Guided
53K is a critical ship-to-objective enabler Bomb (DM-LGB) and provides multiple
that will replace the CH-53E, which has improvements in LITENING advanced
been fulfilling the heavy lift requirements targeting pod capability.
for more than 20 years. The CH-53K will The upgrades to the LITENING pod
provide the Marine Corps with the abil- continue to improve the AV-8Bs lethality
ity to transport 27,000 pounds of cargo
and survivability. This third-generation
out to 110 nautical miles, generating
forward-looking infrared set, dual field-
nearly three times the lift capability of the
of-view television seeker, and infrared
CH-53E under the same environmental
conditions, while fitting under the same marker provide improved target recogni-
shipboard footprint. Major system im- tion and identification and precision tar-
provements of the new-build helicopter geting capability. Most LITENING pods
include: larger and more capable engines; have also been equipped with a C-band
an expanded gross weight airframe; an video downlink, which allows real-time
enhanced drive train; advanced compos- video to be sent to ground-based com-
ite rotor blades; a modern interoperable manders and forward air controllers/joint
cockpit; improved external and internal tactical air controllers equipped with the
cargo handling systems; and increased Rover III receiver station. This facilitates
survivability and force-protection mea- time-sensitive targeting and reduces the
sures. risk of fratricide and collateral damage.
In order to maintain a world-class
AV-8B Harrier training environment, the two-seat TAV-
8B trainers have been upgraded with the
OSCAR mission computer, night vision
goggle-compatible lighting, and the more
powerful and reliable Rolls Royce Pegasus
(408) engine. These improvements are in-
creasing the training capability of the AV-
8B fleet replacement squadron, as well as
the abilities of replacement pilots report-
ing to fleet squadrons. The enhancements
The AV-8B Harrier Open Systems to the Harrier are critical in providing
Core Avionics Requirement, which up- continued support to the MAGTF un-
dates obsolete software and computer til the implementation and Joint Strike
equipment, has been improved to increase Fighter transition is complete.
133
F/A-18 Hornet ATARS incorporates multiple sensor

capabilities including electro-optical,
infrared, and synthetic aperture radar.
ATARS-equipped aircraft carry all sen-
sor capabilities simultaneously, enabling
imagery selectable by the aircrew in
flight. Another significant capability of
ATARS is its ability to transmit digitally-
collected data in near-real time to ground
receiving stations. This imagery can be
data-linked to various intelligence sys-
The F/A-18A+ Upgrade (Engineering tems for national exploitation via the
Change Proposal 583) consists primarily Tactical Exploitation Group. Twenty-
of avionics and hardware upgrades that two ATARS sensor suites and 31 ATARS-
allow the F/A-18A+ Hornet to process modified aircraft were operational in all
and use updated versions of F/A-18C five Marine Corps F/A-18D squadrons in
software and accessories. A large portion January 2009.
of this modification enhances common- The LITENING advanced targeting
ality between the A+ and C aircraft, pod provides the F/A-18 with a significant
reducing logistics footprint and pilot improvement in lethality. LITENING is
and maintenance training requirements, the Marine Corps third-generation ca-
as well as mitigating obsolescence issues. pability for its expeditionary aircraft.
The modified A+ aircraft is compatible This forward-looking infrared sensor,
with a Lot XVII F/A-18C aircraft, an air-
dual field-of-view television seeker, and
craft eight years younger than the A+
infrared marker provide improved target
Hornets. This upgrade also enables the
recognition and identification, and preci-
A+ aircraft to employ all current and
sion targeting capability. All F/A-18 and
programmed future weapons.
AV-8B supporting overseas contingency
Fifty-six aircraft are scheduled to
operations are deploying with LITEN-
receive the upgrade, enabling the up-
ING pods with video downlinks.
graded A model aircraft to remain ac-
Based upon the LITENING pods
tive through 2020. These additional, ca-
pable F/A-18 airframes are instrumental proven combat value during recent op-
in supporting the Navy-Marine Corps erations, the Marine Corps has modified
Tactical Aviation Integration (TAI) plan. expeditionary F/A-18 and EA-6B Prowler
The F/A-18D Advanced Tactical Air- aircraft to carry the LITENING pod. It is
borne Reconnaissance System (ATARS) a proven capability that enables Marine
provides manned airborne tactical re- aviation to support the MAGTF and joint
connaissance capability to the MAGTF. force commanders.
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chapter 3: programs
EA-6B Prowler combat proven by squadrons in carrier air

wings and ashore. The Marine Corps will
receive its first ICAP III in March 2010,
and plans to complete the transition to
an all ICAP III force in FY 2012. During
this time the Marine Corps will retain its
four operational squadrons (VMAQs)
with a Primary Mission Aircraft Autho-
EA-6B Prowlers are an essential, rization (PMAA) of twenty Prowlers. Af-
combat-proven element of the MAGTF ter the Navy completes its transition to
and joint force. The primary mission is an all EA-18G force in 2015, the Marine
Electronic Warfare (EW), which includes Prowler community will continue train-
electronic attack (EA), electronic warfare ing aircrew through 2016, at which time
support (ES), and electronic protection the USMC EA-6B sundown will begin,
(EP). EA-6B aircraft and systems are in with one squadron standing down per
the process of a modification and up- year until finished in 2019.
grade effort to the Improved Capabilities There will be no single platform to
III (ICAP III) weapon system for both replace the EA-6B. Rather, EW capabil-
Marine and Navy squadrons. The core ity for the MAGTF will be provided from
of the ICAP III is the ALQ-218 digital re- numerous systems, both airborne and
ceiver system, the same system the Navy ground-based. The vision of MAGTF EW
adapted for their new EA-18G Growler. is a composite of manned and unmanned
This is the first significant receiver up-
surface, air, and space-based assets, fully
grade to the Prowler since its fleet intro-
networked and collaborating to provide
duction in 1971 making advanced signal
the MAGTF commander the ability to
targeting possible. These new receivers
dominate the EM spectrum at the time
and the additional computing capac-
and place of his choosing. For the next
ity in ICAP III enables improved aircrew
decade the EA-6B ICAP III will be the
situational awareness, more precise and
cornerstone of MAGTF EW and will be
effective jamming, increased readiness
joined over time by capabilities fielded
and availability, and a reduction in life
cycle costs. on UAS, fixed & rotary wing aircraft and
ICAP III attained initial operational JSF, as well as in the Radio battalions and
capability (IOC) for the Navy in FY 2005. other units within the Ground Combat
Since that time, the capability has been Element.
135
Aviation Ground Support (AGS)
ing. The MWSS will maintain its core

capability to establish and operate one
Forward Operating Base (FOB, or main
airfield) and two Forward Arming and
Refueling Points (FARPs) simultaneously.
Embedded within the MWSS will be task-
organized and -equipped capability sets
(internal to the squadrons and loaded
aboard Maritime Prepositioning Force
ships) that can be employed rapidly for
The Marine Wing Support Group ACE mission tasking.
(MWSG) provides functional support to Through capability enhancements,
enable Marine aviation operations in an the MWSS will reduce its footprint ashore
expeditionary environment. These capa- and have the ability to set up swiftly, pro-
bilities are also relevant to the joint force vide necessary AGS for short-duration
commander on the battlefield, where for- operations, and displace and relocate
ward basing and rapid aviation support within minutes. Using mobility to re-
might be required. AGS is scalable and duce vulnerability will be central to ACE
sustainable, but must continue to mod- force protection; also, the reintegration of
ernize to support current and future Avia- military police into the Marine Aircraft
tion Combat Element (ACE) expedition- Wing (MAW) enables self-defense ca-
ary operations. The MWSGs and Marine pability should the ACE be engaged at
Wing Support Squadrons (MWSS) are operational sites.
undergoing several equipment and struc-
ture refinements and capability enhance-
ments to plan rapidly and deploy, and to AGS Command
provide AGS to the ACE commanders and Control
training and wartime requirements. Ad- Key to the effective sustainment of
ditionally, the MWSGs and MWSSs will the ACE and Marine Air Ground Task
integrate improvements in logistics pro- Force (MAGTF) fight will be a greater
cesses and information technologies as level of integration into the ACE com-
part of the current logistics moderniza- mand and information architecture. To
tion (LOGMOD) initiatives. ensure seamless mission planning and
Continued operational, training and operations for AGS, the MWSS Avia-
equipment enhancements will keep AGS tion Ground Support Operations Center
on par with evolving Marine Corps fu- (AGSOC) will be linked to the ACE com-
ture operational and logistics concepts. mand information network and site com-
Future AGS capability must provide mea- mand network to monitor ACE support
sured AGS: required amounts of fuel, requirements, to provide increased situ-
ammunition, logistics and ACE-specific ational awareness to higher and adjacent
services must be ready at a time and place commands, and to act rapidly to support
of the ACE or site commanders choos- ACE operations.
136
chapter 3: programs
Logistics Integration pability throughout the battlespace using

The integration of all logistics assets a HMMWV- mounted facility capable of
ashore will be a critical enabler to MAGTF providing real-time environmental sens-
operations. Interoperability between the ing and weather data in support of the
Logistics Combat Element (LCE) and the MAGTF during expeditionary opera-
MWSS must remain seamless. tions. The METMF(R) NEXTGEN will
enable the Marine meteorological center
(METOC) forecaster to turn relevant en-
Expeditionary Airfield
vironmental data into actionable intelli-
(EAF) / Aircraft Rescue
and Fire Fighting gence, which in turn will facilitate timely
Modernization (ARFF) operational decision-making.
The AGS modernization initiative
will ensure that the MWSS is capable of Regional Meteorological
supporting the ACE during expedition- Centers
ary maneuver warfare operations. The in- The Regional Meteorological Centers
tent of the Expeditionary Airfield (EAF) / (RMC) became operational in FY 2008
Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting (ARFF) and provide consolidated hubs on each
modernization initiative is to provide a coast (Cherry Point, NC; and Miramar,
more-rapidly deployable, maneuverable, CA) to distribute meteorological fore-
and responsive expeditionary airfield ca- cast, weather alerts and tactical weather
pability that supports advanced aviation products to Marine Corps air stations
systems and platforms. EAF/ARFF mod- and facilities in the continental United
ernization programs include: States. The RMC also serves as a training
Advanced lightweight matting capable center for METOC personnel and en-
of supporting F-35B Lightning II op- sures that entry-level METOC personnel
erations are trained to provide support to the ACE
M an-portable, all-weather airfield light- during garrison as well as expeditionary
ing systems operations.
R apidly-deployable, self-contained air-
field damage-repair systems AGS Expansion
M odernized firefighting vehicles and The expansion of AGS capability will
systems include the establishment of an MWSS
(-) to support Marine Aircraft Group-24
Meteorological Mobile (MAG-24) and Marine aviation units op-
Facility Replacement erating in Hawaii and Guam. AGS capa-
Next Generation bilities will support emerging MAG-24
The next-generation Meteorological operational and logistics needs.
Mobile Facility Replacement [METMF(R)
NEXTGEN] will replace the legacy
METMF(R) weather van and provide a
modular and scalable meteorological ca-
137
F-35B Lightning II Short Take-Off Vertical Landing (STOVL)

Joint Strike Fighter (JSF)

The F-35B Lightning II STOVL JSF The STOVL JSF provides a multi-
is a single-engine, very low observable, mission offensive air support and an of-
supersonic strike-fighter aircraft capable fensive/ defensive anti-air capability. The
of short take-offs and vertical landings STOVL JSF also provides the MAGTF
ashore and at sea. The multi-capable JSF with a platform capable of tactical air
combat system will combine the basing control and tactical reconnaissance. Ad-
flexibility of the AV-8B with the multi-role ditionally, the aircraft will be able to pro-
capabilities, speed, and maneuverability vide destruction of enemy air defenses as
of the F/A-18 and the electronic warfare well as Electronic Warfare (EW) both
dominance of the EA-6B. Co-located with electronic surveillance and electronic at-
Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) tack.
maneuver elements, the JSF will fulfill The Joint Strike Fighter family of air-
the Marine Corps air-to-ground and craft includes the short takeoff, vertical
air-to-air requirements in support of the landing variant for the U.S. Marine Corps
commanders intent. The very low radar and British forces; conventional takeoff
cross-section, superior sensor integration and landing for the U.S. Air Force; and
and robust net-enabled capabilities far the aircraft carrier-capable variant for the
exceed even the most advanced legacy air- U.S. Navy. The JSF will replace the Marine
craft in the areas of survivability, lethality, Corps AV-8B, EA-6B and F/A-18A/C/D;
and supportability. the Air Forces F-16C and A-10; and the
Designed from the outset with all six Navys F/A-18C. Commonality among
functions of Marine air in mind, the F- the variants helps reduce both develop-
35B will ensure the MAGTF commander ment and lifecycle costs, and will result in
can maneuver in time and space at his the greatest bang for the buck compared
discretion and will be able to deliver ki- to developing three separate aircraft.
netic, non-kinetic, and intelligence, sur- The requirements for the JSF are fo-
veillance and reconnaissance (ISR) re- cused on readiness, the combined-arms
sources (scaled appropriately), precisely concept, expeditionary capability, and
when and where they are needed. conducting expeditionary maneuver war-
138
chapter 3: programs
fare. The F-35B will be a MAGTF inte- The JSF Systems Development and
grator, bringing capabilities and options Demonstration (SDD) phase is sched-
to the decision-maker. The F-35 will in- uled to last until 2014. The SDD phase
corporate advanced mission systems, in- will include the certification of various
cluding the Active Electronically Scanned precision engagement capabilities, as well
Array (AESA) radar, Electro-Optical Tar- as of cutting-edge sensor fusion that will
geting System (EOTS), and Distributed directly support MAGTF and joint force
Aperture System (DAS). AESA, EOTS, commanders. Since completing the criti-
and DAS information will be incorporat- cal design review, the prime contractor
ed into a pilots helmet-mounted display has begun assembling long-lead items in
system, negating the need for a traditional preparation for starting Low Rate Initial
heads-up display in the cockpit. In addi- Production.
tion to the F-35s inherent EW capability, The first STOVL test article, BF-1,
the JSF has been selected as a threshold successfully completed first flight in June
platform for the Next-Generation Jam- 2008. BF-1 and BF-2 are now at NAS
mer (NGJ) program. The NGJ replaces Patuxent River, as our program builds to
legacy ALQ-99 jamming pods flown on a total of seven aircraft in developmental
both the EA-6B and EA-18G aircraft. The flight test. The Marine Corps robust de-
velopmental test schedule will be followed
additional capabilities NGJ brings can be
by operational test where the design will
fielded on all 2,400+ U.S. F-35 variants.
be evaluated for operational suitabil-
This will move EW focus away from low-
ity and employment with our operating
density / high-demand assets like the ag-
forces. Initial Operational Capability is
ing EA-6Bs and instead make EW ubiqui-
scheduled for 2012.
tous throughout the battlespace.
Quantity: 16 17
Program Status
The JSF is a joint program with the
Air Force, Navy, Marine Corps, and in-
Air Vehicle: Lockheed Martin, Northrop
ternational partners: Australia, Canada,
Grumman, and British Aerospace
Denmark, the Netherlands, Norway, Tur-
Engineering
key, and the United Kingdom. These
countries are ground-floor participants Propulsion: Pratt & Whitney and General
and partners in the F-35 program, not Electric
foreign military sales customers.
139
Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) Transition Plan
Requirements Document stipulates the

F-35B will have a 450-nautical mile com-
bat radius when employed from a ship
and be capable of 550-foot short takeoffs
with a full internal payload (two 1,000
pound-class weapons and two air-to-air
missiles) on ship-launched missions. The
United Kingdoms Royal Air Force and
Royal Navy and the Italian Navy will also
employ the STOVL variant aboard their
air-capable ships.
VMFAT-501, the first Marine Corps The Corps will employ the F-35B to
JSF Short Take-off Vertical Landing support the six functions of Marine Corps
(STOVL) training squadron, will stand aviation. This remarkable breadth of em-
up on 2 April 2010, as part of the JSF Joint ployment will allow the Marine Corps to
Integrated Training Center. VMFAT-501 decrease its tactical aviation inventory
will be assigned operational control and while increasing aircraft lethality, sur-
administrative control to 2d Marine Air- vivability, and supportability compared
craft Wing but with a command train- to legacy aircraft. The Marine Corps re-
ing relationship and co-location with the quirement for STOVL is 420 aircraft.
U.S. Air Force (USAF) 33d Fighter Wing, Once the F-35B enters service, the
a USAF training wing. Initial students Marine Corps will begin retirement of
are expected to start training in early AV-8Bs and F/A-18 Hornets. As currently
2011. The Operational Test and Evalu- planned, all legacy tactical strike aircraft
ation (OT&E) detachment stands up at platforms should be retired by 2024. The
Edwards AFB in February 2012 and com- Corps will incorporate an airborne elec-
mences Block 2.0 OT&E in the summer tronic attack capability into the baseline
of 2012. F-35 to address the eventual retirement of
The Marine Corps F-35B will be ca- EA-6B Prowlers. This electronic warfare
pable of operating from aircraft carriers, capability in STOVL will use a system-of
L-class amphibious assault ships, main systems-approach, in which electronic
operating bases, and austere sites ashore. warfare capabilities are distributed across
The STOVL F-35B will provide the Ma- manned and unmanned aerial systems.
rine Corps with a low observable, state-
of-the-art, high-performance, multi-role
offensive aircraft. The JSF Operational
140
chapter 3: programs
MV-22 Osprey Program
and allow it to operate as a helicopter for

takeoff and landing. Once airborne, the
nacelles rotate forward 90 degrees, tran-
sitioning the MV-22 into a high-speed,
high-altitude, fuel-efficient, turbo-prop
aircraft.
Operational Impact
The MV-22 will be the cornerstone
of Marine Corps assault support capa-
bility, with the speed, endurance, and
Description survivability needed to fight and win on
The MV-22B Osprey tiltrotor aircraft tomorrows battlefield. This combat mul-
the only such opertional military air- tiplier represents a quantum improve-
craft in the world is an advanced-tech- ment in strategic mobility and tactical
nology Vertical/Short Takeoff and Land- flexibility for expeditionary and Mari-
ing, multi-purpose tactical aircraft that time Prepositioning Forces. The Osprey
will replace the current fleet of Vietnam- has a 350-nautical mile combat radius,
era CH-46E helicopters. The MV-22B is a cruises at 255 knots, and is capable of car-
multi-mission aircraft designed for use by rying 24 combat-equipped Marines or a
all the services. The Marine Corps, Navy, 10,000 pound external load. With a 2,100
and Air Force are committed to fielding nm single aerial refueling range, the air-
this unique aircraft. craft also has a strategic self-deployment
The MV-22B joins the Joint High capability.
Speed Vessel, Expeditionary Fighting Ve-
hicle and Landing Craft Air Cushion as the Program Status
seabasing connectors necessary to execute The MV-22 reached IOC in June
expeditionary maneuver warfare. Specific 2007 and is currently deployed and in
missions for the MV-22B include expedi- direct support of Marine Air Ground
tionary assault from land or sea; raid op- Task Force operations. Following three
erations; medium cargo lift; tactical recov- consecutive deployments to Operation
ery of aircraft and personnel; fleet logistics IRAQI FREEDOM from October 2007
support; and special warfare. until April 2009, the MV-22B began its
The MV-22Bs design incorporates first shipboard deployment in May 2009
the sophisticated but mature technologies with the 22d Marine Expeditionary Unit
of composite materials, fly-by-wire flight and were operational in Afghanistan. The
controls, digital cockpits, and advanced MV-22 is now on its fifth deployment,
manufacturing processes. The MV-22Bs and in December 2009 entered the the-
prop-rotor system, engine, and trans- ater of war in Afghanistan. The Marine
missions are mounted on each wingtip Corps transition from the CH-46E to the
141
MV-22B continues at the approximate substantial reliability and maintenance

rate of two Ospreys delivered per month improvements across the entire platform.
and two squadrons transitioned per year. As of January 2010, 54 Block B aircraft
Production of the MV-22B is based had been delivered to the fleet. Block C
on a block production strategy, which is series aircraft will incorporate mission
designed to provide continual life-cycle enhancements and increased operational
and capability improvements throughout capability. Enhancements will include
the life of the platform. Block A-series multiple additions: weather radar; a for-
aircraft are designed to serve as non- ward-firing ALE-47 dispenser; improved
deployable, training aircraft only, and hover coupled features; an improved en-
they include software enhancements, a vironmental conditioning system; and
nacelle reconfiguration, and additional a troop commander situational aware-
reliability and maintainability improve- ness station. The first Block C aircraft are
ments compared to the original aircraft projected to be delivered to the fleet in
design. As of January 2010, 30 Block A FY 2012.
aircraft have been delivered and were
primarily in service at Marine Corps Air Procurement Profile: FY 2010 FY 2011
Station New River. Block B-series air- Block B: 30 30
craft are the deployable configuration of
the MV-22B Osprey. These aircraft pro- Developer/Manufacturer:
vide improvements in effectiveness and Bell Helicopter Textron, Fort Worth, TX
maintainability for operators and main-
The Boeing Company, Philadelphia, PA
tainers, including improved access to
the nacelle for inspection purposes and
142
chapter 3: programs
H-1 Upgrade (UH-1Y Venom/AH-1Z Viper)
maintainability and supportability. The

H-1 Upgrades Program resolves existing
operational UH-1N power margin and
AH-1W aircrew workload issues while
enhancing significantly the tactical capa-
bility, operational effectiveness and sus-
tainability of our attack and utility heli-
copter fleet.
The Marine Corps UH-1Ns are
reaching the end of their useful lives. Due
to airframe and engine fatigue, they rou-
Description
tinely take off at maximum gross weight,
The H-1 Upgrades Program (UH-1Y/
with no margin for error. Continued
AH-1Z) replaces the current two-bladed
implementation of the Yankee Forward
rotor system on the UH-1N and AH-1W
strategy is a top Marine Corps aviation
aircraft with a new four-bladed, all-com-
priority, and is evidenced by both the
posite rotor system that is coupled with
successful completion of the first UH-1Y
a sophisticated, fully integrated, state-of-
deployment (with the 13th Marine Expe-
the-art cockpit. The UH-1Y and AH-1Z
ditionary Unit in July 2009) and the first
also incorporate a new performance-
full squadron deployment of Yankees to
matched transmission, a four-bladed tail
Afghanistan in the fall of 2009. Due to
rotor and drive system, and upgraded
significant operational demands and air-
landing gear. Additionally, structural
craft attrition in the existing attack and
modifications to the AH-1Z provide the
utility helicopter fleets, the Marine Corps
aircraft with six weapons stations two
adopted a build new strategy for the
more than on the AH-1W. The advanced
UH-1Y.
cockpit, common to both new aircraft, re-
Similarly, the Marine Corps has al-
duces operator workload, improves situ-
ready begun investing in Non-Recurring
ational awareness, and provides growth
Engineering for the production of 58 AH-
potential for future weapons and joint in-
1Z build new aircraft. These AH-1Zs
teroperability. The cockpit integrates on-
will augment the existing AH-1Ws that
board planning, communications, digital
will be remanufactured. This combined
fire control, self-contained navigation,
build new and remanufacture strategy
and night targeting and weapons systems
will enable the Marine Corps to increase
in mirror-imaged crew stations.
the number of AH-1s available to support
the Marine Corps growth to 202,000 per-
Operational Impact sonnel while mitigating the operational
The UH-1Y (Venom) and AH-1Z shortfalls caused by aircraft attrition.
(Viper) are approximately 84 percent New squadrons are being established in
common throughout, which significantly support of the Commandants 202K de-
benefits Marine Air Ground Task Force cision: HMLA-467 stood up at Marine
143
Corps Air Station (MCAS) Cherry Point and the aircraft is well postured for a suc-
in October 2008; HMLA-469 stood up cessful Operational Evaluation in March
at MCAS Camp Pendleton in early 2009; 2010; it is on schedule to achieve Initial
HMLA-567 will stand up at MCAS Cher- Operational Capability in second quarter
ry Point in September 2011 and will per- FY 2011. The H-1 Upgrades overall pro-
form duties as the East Coast Transition curement objective is 123 UH-1Ys and
Training Unit for the UH-1Y conversion 226 AH-1Zs.
of all East Coast tactical squadrons. Both
HMLA-467 and HMLA-567 will relocate Procurement Profile: FY 2010 FY 2011
to MCAS New River once hangar facili- Quantity: 28 22
ties become available in FY 2012-13.
Bell Helicopter Textron Inc., Fort Worth, TX
Integrated Cockpit: Northrop Grumman,
Woodland Hills, CA
AH-1Z Target Sight System: Lockheed Mar-
tin, Orlando, FL
Program Status
Twenty-six production aircraft (20
UH-1Ys/six AH-1Zs) have been de-
livered through FY 2009. The UH-1Y
achieved IOC on 8 August 2008 and re-
ceived its Full Rate Production decision
17 September 2008. Extensive integrated
AH-1Z testing was completed in 2009,
144
chapter 3: programs
KC-130 Hercules
personnel and equipment; airborne com-

mand and control augmentation; Path-
finder; battlefield illumination; tactical
aero-medical evacuation; tactical recov-
ery of aircraft; and personnel support.
In response to an Urgent Universal
Need Statement, the Marine Corps is in-
tegrating the Harvest Hawk roll-on/roll-
Description off ISR/Weapon Mission Kit for in-ser-
The KC-130 is a versatile four-engine vice KC-130J aircraft. This kit is designed
tactical aerial refueler/assault support to re-configure rapidly any KC-130J air-
aircraft. It is the only long-range, fixed- craft into a platform capable of perform-
wing, assault-support capability organic ing persistent targeting. Additionally, the
to the Marine Corps. The KC-130J, with mission kit will enable the aircraft to de-
its increase in speed (+20 percent) and liver precision fires from Hellfire, Griffin,
range (+35 percent) compared to legacy and Viper Strike munitions. This mission
aircraft, also features an improved air-to- kit is designed as a complementary capa-
air refueling system and a state-of-the-art bility that takes advantage of the aircrafts
flight station. Other improvements in- extended endurance and will not detract
clude a Rolls Royce AE 2100D3 propul- from its ability to perform its primary
sion system, Dowty R391 advanced tech- mission of aerial and ground refueling.
nology six-bladed propeller system, and a This force multiplier is well suited
250-knot cargo ramp and door, provid- to the mission needs of the forward-de-
ing the Marine Air Ground Task Force ployed MAGTF. The KC-130J will bring
(MAGTF) commander with a state-of- increased capability and mission flexibil-
the-art, multi-mission, tactical aerial re- ity to combat planning and operations.
fueler/assault support transport asset well
into the 21st Century. All of the active
forces legacy KC-130 aircraft have been Program Status
replaced with KC-130Js, and once the re- The Marine Corps KC-130J require-
serve squadrons have transitioned to the ment is 79 aircraft. The KC-130J is pro-
J model the Marine Corps will have one cured as a commercial-off-the-shelf air-
type/model/series tactical aerial refueler/ craft currently in production. Current
assault support aircraft. programming brings the total number of
KC-130J aircraft to 60. Initial Operational
Capability was achieved in 2005.
Operational Impact
The KC-130J provides the following Procurement Profile: FY 2010 FY 2011
capabilities: tactical in-flight refueling for Quantity: 0 0
fixed-wing, rotary-wing, and tilt-rotor
aircraft; rapid ground refueling of aircraft Developer/Manufacturer:
or tactical vehicles; assault air transport of Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company,
air-landed or aerial-delivered (parachute) Marietta, GA
145
CH-53K Heavy Lift Helicopter
Description Marine Corps of 2025. The CH-53K will

The CH-53E Super Stallion is a three- provide the Marine Corps the ability to
engine, long-range, heavy-lift helicopter transport 27,000 pounds of cargo out
that has been key to the assault support to 110 nautical miles, generating nearly
function of Marine aviation. However, as three times the lift capability of the CH-
range and payload requirements increase 53E under the same environmental con-
in the future, the Marine Corps future ditions while fitting under the same ship-
warfighting concepts will benefit with board footprint. The CH-53K will also
provide unparalleled lift capability un-
the introduction of a replacement heavy
der high/hot conditions, similar to those
lift platform. A sustainment strategy has
found in Afghanistan, thereby expand-
been implemented to address critical fa-
ing greatly the commanders operational
tigue, obsolescence, and reliability issues reach. Major system improvements of
until the aircraft can be replaced. A com- this completely new-designed helicopter
prehensive re-design of the Marine Corps include: larger and more capable engines;
heavy-lift platform, focusing on reliabili- an expanded gross weight airframe; an
ty, maintainability, cost of ownership, and enhanced drive train; advanced compos-
performance, is required to meet MAGTF ite rotor blades; a modern interoperable
and joint warfighting requirements. cockpit; improved external and internal
The CH-53K is critical to sea-based cargo handling systems; and increased
expeditionary maneuver warfare for the survivability and force protection.
146
chapter 3: programs
Operational Impact ments will enable the vertical insertion

Maintainability and reliability en- of two combat loaded up-armored HM-
hancements of the CH-53K will decrease MWV, one Light Armored Vehicle, or one
recurring operating costs significantly, 9,000-pound sustainment load to each of
while improving aircraft efficiency and three separate landing zones.
operational effectiveness compared to
the current CH-53E. The CH-53Es fully Program Status
burdened operating costs are estimated In the past year the CH-53K program
to exceed $27,000 per flight hour in 2016. conducted its Preliminary Design Re-
The CH-53K will improve the ability of view and has begun producing long-lead
the MAGTF and joint task force to proj- items in preparation for building test
ect and sustain forces ashore from a sea- articles under the System Development
based center of operations in support of and Demonstration Contract. Critical
Expeditionary Maneuver Warfare, Ship- Design Review is slated for fourth quarter
To-Objective-Maneuver and Distributed FY 2010.
Operations. The performance improve-
147
Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS)
Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Operation

Enduring Freedom (OEF), providing
short-range daytime electro-optical and
nighttime infrared airborne reconnais-
sance. The Marine Corps is procuring 467
RQ-11B Raven systems through FY 2010
(three air vehicles per system) to replace
the 135 Dragon Eye UAS.
Regimental and battalion command-
ers in the Marine Air Ground Task Force
The Marine Corps has employed UAS (MAGTF) will be supported by the Small
since 1986. The demand for Intelligence Tactical UAS (STUAS). The systems
Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) will be provided and operated by VMU
support continues to grow and clearly squadron detachments and will provide
highlights the increased need for UAS in ISR, communications relay, and target ac-
the Marine Corps. To fulfill this need, the quisition capabilities to the MAGTF. The
Marine Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Squad- Marine Corps is currently filling this ca-
ron (VMU) has begun an organizational pability gap in OIF and OEF with an ISR
transformation that will lead to a flexible, services contract provided by the Boeing
scalable, detachment-based squadron. Corporation. Boeing employs the Scan
The Marine Corps UAS concept Eagle UAS under separate fee-for-service
of employment is divided into three agreements for both OIF and OEF. The
groups that coincide with various levels contract will continue to provide this ca-
of capability as well as to the echelon of pability until succeeded by STUAS. The
command they support. Marine Corps multi-service sponsored STUAS program
Combat Development Command has Initial Capabilities Document was ap-
completed the Marine Corps UAS Fam- proved by the Joint Requirement Over-
ily of Systems Concept of Operations and sight Council in December 2006, and
the USMC overarching capabilities study, the program is currently undergoing the
which further defines the requirements source-selection process with an IOC in
for the USMC UAS Family of Systems. 2011.
The Marine Corps is currently tran- The largest MAGTFs and their divi-
sitioning from the older RQ-14 Dragon sion commanders are supported by the
Eye to the joint RQ-11B Raven-B pro- largest of three groups of USMC UAS.
gram, which was also selected by the The Marine Corps transitioned to the
Army and the U.S. Special Operations RQ-7B Shadow system during the fourth
Command. Marine Corps battalions em- quarter FY 2007 and deployed the system
ploy the small, hand-launched RQ-11B with VMU-1 to support OIF operations
Raven at the company level. This system in September 2007. In OIF, the RQ-7B
has shown great success for small-unit has provided improved reliability and
front-line commanders in Operation material readiness compared to the older
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chapter 3: programs
RQ-2B Pioneer that it replaced. Using and target acquisition for 3d Marine Ex-
electro-optical and infrared cameras and peditionary Force in the Pacific. A fourth
communications relay payloads, ground VMU squadron is scheduled to be stood
units have visual access to their areas of up in Marine Forces Reserves in FY 2010
responsibility and routes, and force pro- and will reach Initial Operational Capa-
tection enhancers prior to, during and af- bility by FY 2011. VMU-4 will augment
ter their missions. Programmed upgrades the active-duty force, provide the Marine
for the RQ-7B include increased payload Corps a reserve capacity for the high-
capacity as well as a laser designator that demand asset, and serve as a reservoir for
will permit targeting for laser-guided the retention of specialized UAS skills.
ordnance.
The Corps will incorporate an Elec-
By FY 2011, the Marine Corps will
tronic Attack (EA) capability into cur-
have increased the number of RQ-7B
rent and future UAS platforms partly to
Shadow systems in each VMU from one to
address the eventual retirement of EA-
three systems, and reorganized the squad-
rons manpower into three detachments. 6B Prowlers. This EA capability in UAS
This will triple the capability for a VMU will compose a portion of the system-of
squadron to support MAGTF operations systems-approach by which electronic
without increasing the units total man- warfare capabilities are distributed across
power. Additionally, the Marine Corps manned and unmanned aerial systems.
stood up a third VMU in September 2008 The system-of systems-approach allows
at Marine Corps Air Ground Combat the nation to move away from low-densi-
Center Twentynine Palms, CA. VMU-3 ty/high-demand assets (like the EA-6Bs)
will eventually be relocated to provide and make electronic warfare ubiquitous
an increased capability for airborne ISR across the battlespace.
149
Operational Support Airlift (OSA)
35C/D Citation 560 Ultra and Encore. Ma-

rine Corps UC-35s are forward-deployed
in Southwest Asia, providing invaluable
daily support to the regional combatant
commander and relief to tactical aircraft
by moving personnel and cargo through-
out the theater.
In the continental United States
(CONUS), Marine Corps OSA is sched-
uled by the U.S. Transportation Com-
mand (USTRANSCOM), through which
OSA aircraft provide air logistics
the Joint Operational Support Aircraft
support to our warfighters by moving
Center maximizes use of all available
high-priority passengers and cargo be- CONUS OSA assets, regardless of service.
tween and within theaters of operation. USTRANSCOM additionally supports
OSA aircraft carry out short-notice, the MAGTF at combined exercises such
time-critical logistical air movements. as Enhanced Mojave Viper. The incor-
This relieves front-line tactical squadrons poration of OSA into MAGTF exercises
for higher-order missions and tasks. By relieves participating tactical squadrons
freeing our tactical aircraft assets from from much of the exercise-associated ad-
routine missions, OSA aircraft are an ef- ministrative logistical airlift requirements.
fective combat multiplier for the Marine This in turn enables tactical squadrons to
Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF), joint focus time and resources on combat-re-
force, and regional combatant command- lated flight training.
ers. In peacetime, OSA aircraft are used Acquisition of relatively low-cost,
to provide logistic support to ensure mili- commercial off-the-shelf aircraft with
tary effectiveness in support of national minimal militarization is a cost-effective
defense, essential training for operational way to provide MAGTF commanders
personnel, and cost-effective seasoning of swift, on-demand operational support.
pilots. OSA aircraft ensure the availability of
The Marine Corps presently oper- short-notice, time-critical logistical air
ates four different types of aircraft to fill support, with aircraft flown by Marine
its operational support airlift (OSA) re- aviators and fully integrated into Marine
quirements: the C-9 Skytrain; UC-12B/F Corps operations.
King Air; C-20G Gulfstream IV; and UC-
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chapter 3: programs
Marine Aviation Logistics Transformation
ness levels, effectively and predictably, to

produce core competent aviation squad-
rons and detachments for warfighting
missions.
Marine Aviation Logistics Support
Program II (MALSP II). MALSP-II in-
creases Marine aviations ability to de-
ploy, employ, sustain, and redeploy rap-
idly to and from in austere regions, as
well as to handle potential anti-access and
Marine aviation is reshaping the denied-area scenarios. The Naval Avia-
Corps aviation logistics elements to tion Enterprises continuous process im-
enable more responsive, flexible, and provement strategy (AIRSpeed) is the key
reliable combat support for future enabler to modernizing the time-tested
conicts, while they continue to meet to- Marine Aviation Logistics Support Pro-
days readiness needs. Previously, current gram (MALSP). By applying AIRSpeed,
readiness, End to End (E2E) AIRSpeed, MALSP II becomes the comprehensive
and Marine Aviation Logistics Support aviation logistics program that expands
Package II (MALSP II) were viewed as the future ACEs operational freedom of
separate and discrete pillars to improving maneuver with a reliable and effective lo-
Marine aviation readiness. During the gistics system that is lighter, more adap-
next three years, the Corps will mature tive, and proactive. In addition, MALSP
these transformational strategies aggres- II provides an improved solution set for
sively so they become mutually reinforc- addressing uncertainty, variability, and
ing and provide direct alignment with the bottlenecks in the E2E wartime logistics
Marine Corps Vision and Strategy 2025. chain.
Current Readiness (CR). Marine Marine Aviation Logistics Squad-
aviation commanders and leaders, in ron Future [MALS(F)]. The introduction
concert with the Naval Aviation Enter- of new logistics processes and technology
prise, will plan, execute, and manage the will change the organization of the MALS
CR process, maximize readiness of equip- of the future. Under MALS(F), avia-
ment and people, optimize material re- tion logistics is exploring how the future
source allocations and expenditure, and MALS will be organized in an AIRSpeed-
minimize logistics downtime and delays. MALSP II environment. The analysis will
Leaders will drive CR operations to align identify notional skill sets, distribution
Marine aviation with enabling organiza- capabilities and maintenance capabilities
tions. This alignment will achieve readi- for the future MALS.
151
Ground-Based Air Defense Transformation (GBAD-T)

Ground-Based Air Defense Transfor- In May 2009, the Marine Require-
mation (GBAD-T) is the Marine Corps ments Oversight Council approved the
air defense capability, using the High GBAD Initial Capabilities Document
Mobility Mutipurpose Wheeled Vechi- (ICD) that validates existing capability
cle-based Advanced Man-Portable Air gaps against unmanned aerial systems
Defense System (A-MANPADS) and the and cruise missiles. The GBAD Analysis
of Alternatives, completed in Septem-
Stinger missile to defeat fixed and rotary
ber 2009, was conducted in an effort to
wing threats. This system is the Marine
identify candidate material solutions for
Corps only organic air defense system. the Stinger replacement that fills the gaps
identified in the GBAD ICD. Require-
Operational Impact ments for Increment I communications
Using A-MANPADS and the Stinger enhancements were outlined in a State-
missile, the Low-Altitude Air Defense ment of Need during second quarter FY
Battalions (LAAD Bns) provide the Ma- 2007. A-MANPADS Increment I is sched-
uled for a Milestone C Decision in the
rine Air Ground Task Force low-altitude
third quarter FY 2010 and Initial Operat-
air defense against enemy air threats. ing Capability is scheduled for first quar-
LAAD Bn units deploy with Marine Expe- ter FY 2011. Increment I Full Operational
ditionary Units as part of the Marine Air Capability is scheduled for FY 2012.
Control Group detachment to the com-
mand element or composite squadron. As Procurement Profile: FY 2010 FY 2011
a future capability, the A-MANPADS In- Section Leader
crement I program enhances the systems Vehicle 12 10
Command, Control, Communications, Fire Units 42 20
and Computer suite. The hardware and
software upgrade provides an enhanced
fire control and air/ground situational
awareness capability to the LAAD Bns.
Increment I uses Joint Range Extension
Application Protocol, a joint certified
data link, ensuring compatibility with
legacy and future Command and Control
architectures. Increment I radios are ca-
pable of satellite communications.
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chapter 3: programs
Ground/Air Task-Oriented Radar (G/ATOR)
tive Engagement Capability through the

Composite Tracking Network. Its expe-
ditionary design ensures it is deployable
via helicopter, KC-130 or ground vehicles
during the first stages of operations; thus,
it can augment sea-based air-defense sen-
sors and command and control capabili-
ties. G/ATOR will provide naval and joint
forces with an expeditionary radar and
cruise missile detection capability that
extends landward battle space coverage.
Description When fully fielded, the diverse capabili-
The G/ATOR will be a three-dimen- ties of G/ATOR and the many war fighting
sional, expeditionary, short- to medium- functions it supports will make it highly
range radar able to detect low observable, valued to the MAGTF commander.
low radar cross section targets such as
cruise missiles, aircraft, rockets, artillery,
and mortars. G/ATOR is being developed
Operational Impact
and fielded in four increments and will This multi-role, lightweight radar
be employed by the Marine Air Ground represents the next generation of critical
Task Force (MAGTF) across the range of air and ground warfighting capabilities
military operations. The four increments for Marine Corps and joint force com-
will cover both aviation and ground mis- manders a scalable, expeditionary and
netted sensor/sensor to shooter capable
sions and will replace five legacy systems.
component of the joint force on the bat-
Increment I will provide an air surveil-
tlefields of the 21st Century. G/ATOR will
lance 3D gap-filler radar and provide ra-
provide increased mobility, improved sit-
dar cueing data to future Ground-Based
uational awareness and reduce command
Air-Defense (GBAD) equipment in sup-
decision latency; acting as the landward
port of MAGTF, joint, and multi-national
extension of Sea Shield, enabling Sea
forces. Increment II will provide counter
Strike and cooperative engagement.
battery/target acquisition for the ground
combat element. Increment III is software
upgrades which will provide enhanced Program Status
combat identification, increased surviv- G/ATOR was designated a Special In-
ability and other system capabilities. In- terest Program by the Under Secretary of
crement IV will provide an expeditionary Defense for Acquisition, Technology and
airport surveillance radar capability to Logistics (AT&L) in February 2009. The
the MAGTF. Department of the Navy will continue
G/ATOR will share surveillance data to be the lead acquisition agency for G/
with Common Aviation Command and ATOR. The Approved Acquisition Objec-
Control System and will provide radar tive is 81 units.
measurement data to the Navy Coopera-
153
AN/TPS-59(V)3 Radar System
Operational Impact
The AN/TPS-59(V)3 Radar System is
optimized to detect and track TBMs and
air-breathing aircraft targets that consti-
tute serious threats to MAGTF operations.
The radar is employed by the Marine Air
Command and Control squadron during
sustained operations ashore and as part
of the joint theater air and missile de-
Description fense architecture. The radar supports the
The AN/TPS-59(V)3 Radar System MAGTF commander in anti-air warfare
is the Marine Corps only long-range, operations and en-route traffic control to
a distance of 300 nautical miles and TBM
3D, air surveillance, theater ballistic mis-
surveillance to 400 nm.
sile (TBM)-capable radar. The AN/TPS-
59(V)3 is a transportable, solid-state L-
band radar that serves as the Marine Air Program Status
Ground Task Forces (MAGTFs) princi- The AN/TPS-59(V)3 Radar System is
pal air surveillance radar and is integrat- in the sustainment phase of its lifecycle.
ed into the AN/TYQ-23(V)4 Tactical Air An incremental sustainment strategy of
Operations Module. The radar may also engineering change proposals and techni-
cal refresh efforts will address diminishing
be configured for operation with the AN/
manufacturing sources, material shortag-
MSQ-124 Air Defense Communication
es, and obsolescence issues to sustain the
Platform to provide TBM track data to radar beyond the 2020 time frame.
the Joint Tactical Information Distribu-
tion System via the Tactical Digital In-
formation Link-Joint Service (TADIL-J)
Link-16 network. The radar has become a
key component in the employment of the
Navys Cooperative Engagement Capabil-
ity and is the Marine Corps lead sensor in
the development of the Composite Track-
ing Network. The radar has been deployed
in overseas contingency operations.
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chapter 3: programs
P19A Aircraft Crash Fire Rescue Vehicle Replacement
and fire fighting capabilities to the Marine

Air Ground Task Force Air Combat Ele-
ment. The vehicle will provide the same
capability in garrison at the supporting
establishments. The legacy P-19 fleet is
exhibiting considerable readiness issues
stemming from reliability and electrical
failures due to the age of the vehicles. The
current P-19A is a maintenance challenge
to station and wing mechanics, resulting
in 50 to 75 percent readiness levels. In ad-
Description dition, because of the unavailability of P-
The P-19A Replacement is an air- 19As, some units are not able to conduct
craft crash fire rescue vehicle capable of the necessary training required to keep
addressing the shortcomings of the cur- firefighting personnel proficient.
rent P-19A, which was fielded in the early
1980s. The P-19A Replacement will be
Program Status
equipped with advanced fire-suppression
A Draft P-19A Replacement Capa-
compounds and extinguishing agents,
bilities Development Document was
handheld extinguishers, and specialized
released for review in August 2009. The
rescue equipment used by firefighters to
P-19A Replacement will enter the acqui-
extinguish aircraft and structure fires,
sition cycle at Milestone B, scheduled for
provide protection for rescue person-
late FY 2010. P-19 Replacement Initial
nel, cool explosive ordnance, extricate
Operational Capability is planned for FY
injured aircrew members, and dispatch
2016 and Full Operational Capability for
emergency-response capabilities to crash
FY 2018.
sites. The P-19A Replacement provides
the functional capability to minimize the
Procurement Profile: TBD
consequences of an aircraft crash.
Quantity: 160
Operational Impact Developer/Manufacturer: TBD

The P-19A Replacement will be de-
livered to the objective area via strategic
airlift (C-17 and C-5) or surface transport
modes. Upon arrival at the forward oper-
ating base, the vehicle will provide rescue
155
part 6:
Logistics
chapter 3: programs
Introduction
Logistics support to the Marine warfighter takes on many forms, involves numer-
ous activities, and spans the Marine Corps. Innovative efforts are underway at all levels
to improve logistics support to Marines, whether in peace or war. The Marine Corps
Logistics Modernization Strategy will revolutionize how Marines are sustained in
garrison and on the battlefield through cutting-edge technologies, process improve-
ments, reorganization actions and the realignment of logistics functions. It will in-
volve the combined efforts of every active duty, reserve, and civilian Marine logistician
serving today.
157
Logistics Modernization (Log Mod)
control, and integrate our distribution,

maintenance and supply capabilities
Modernizing and integrating Informa-
tion Technology through the acquisi-
tion and fielding of the Global Combat
Support System-Marine Corps
Modernizing human capabilities with
new occupational specialties, more
uniform, deployable organizational
Logistics Modernization is the trans- components and logistics education
formation of logistics functions to be with effective change management and
more capable, effective and responsive to communications
Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) Log Mod initially comprised the fol-
operations. Log Mod is addressing exist- lowing initiatives:
ing logistics shortfalls, incorporating les- Logistics Operational Architecture
sons from Operation Iraqi Freedom and Command and Control for Logistics
preparing for Expeditionary Maneuver MAGTF Distribution
Warfare. Log Mod represents the most Realignment of Maintenance
comprehensive effort ever implemented Realignment of Supply
by the Marine Corps to improve tactical Marine Logistics Group Reorganization
and operational logistics. Log Mod is a Through lessons learned from Op-
three-pronged improvement and inte- eration Iraqi Freedom and Operation En-
gration initiative that focuses on Marine during Freedom, maturation within the
Corps people, processes and technol- Marine Corps combat development pro-
ogy to produce a far more effective and cess, growth of the Marine Corps, estab-
efficient Logistics Chain Management lishment of logistics advocacy, and results
process by: of a series of war game efforts, Logistics
U
sing the Logistics Operational Ar- Modernization has evolved in scope to
chitecture to support improvements best provide future logistics capabilities
to Marine Logistics Group (MLG) to best support the MAGTF across the
organizations, enhance command and range of military operations.
158
chapter 3: programs
Sense and Respond Logistics
capability will be the integration and

synchronization of four capability ap-
proach areas: Logistics Management In-
formation; Decision Support; Logistics
Chain Management; and Command and
Control for Logistics. Key capabilities will
include Global Combat Support System
Marine Corps, Autonomic Logistics
Marine Corps, Automated Information
Technologies, and decision-support ca-
The increasing agility, force projec- pabilities such as intelligent course of ac-
tion, and speed of command required on tion support, risk and opportunity cost
the distributed battlefields of today and assessment, and dynamic planning and
tomorrow require an adaptable, flexible, re-planning.
and self-synchronizing logistics support One primary example of how
network to maintain operational ad- MAGTF Sense and Respond Logistics
vantage. Marine Air Ground Task Force will expand the tactical flexibility and
(MAGTF) Sense and Respond Logistics is operational reach of commanders is the
both a strategy and ultimately a techni- Autonomic Logistics-Marine Corps. Au-
cal approach by which the Marine Corps tonomic Logistics will provide enhanced
will develop and field these current and platform and weapon system diagnostics
future capabilities in support of Marine and prognostics, to include collecting
Corps Vision and Strategy 2025, Marine mission-critical data (position, location,
Corps Operating Concepts for a Changing identification, fuel and ammunition lev-
Security Environment, the Marine Corps els, equipment health, and mobile loads)
Service Campaign Plan, the Marine Corps that will provide commanders with real-
Logistics Roadmap, and ongoing USMC time combat endurance assessments for
Logistics Modernization. As an overarch- their units. Autonomic Logistics supports
ing enterprise/portfolio strategy, MAGTF DoD implementation of Condition Based
Sense and Respond Logistics will leverage Maintenance Plus, as well as improved
existing service, joint, and Department Total Life Cycle Management and afford-
of Defense (DoD) programs and guide ability.
key investments in future logistics capa- The Marine Corps is also partnered
bilities to seamlessly integrate with and with the Navy and the Office of Naval
share information across the Command Research through Naval Logistics Inte-
and Control, Maneuver, and Intelligence gration to develop Sense and Respond
domains. capabilities that integrate Naval Expedi-
The foundation to achieve this tionary Combat Command shore units
MAGTF Sense and Respond Logistics within the MAGTF.
159
Naval Logistics Integration
On a day-to-day basis, the naval Cargo Routing Information File (CRIF)

services maintain a persistent presence more accurately tracks ship movements
in forward areas. Across the globe, Na- which has reduced customer wait time by
val Logistics Integration (NLI) enables more than 50 percent for critically need-
the support of globally dispersed mari- ed materiel shipments, with deployed
time forces through integrated coherent, Marine Expeditionary Units routinely re-
rapid, and agile logistics capability, with porting receipt of urgently needed items
a focus on sustainment and end-to-end within ten days while afloat. The Navys
naval logistics support for the warfighter Advanced Traceability and Control
afloat and ashore. NLI directly sup- (ATAC) system, fielded to Marine units,
ports Marine Corps Vision and Strategy has expedited the shipment of more than
2025, Marine Corps Operating Concepts 128,000 repairable components with bet-
for a Changing Security Environment, the ter than 99 percent proof of delivery for
Marine Corps Service Campaign Plan, the more than 25 million pounds of cargo
Marine Corps Logistics Roadmap, and on- with a value of $83 million since fielded
going USMC Logistics Modernization, in FY 2005. Moreover, the cost to ship has
as well as the tenets of Sea Power 21, the reduced from $4.28 to $1.95 per pound
Naval Operational Concept, Joint Vision during this period.
2020, the Navys Concept for Joint Logis- The NLI effort is also exploring new
tics, and the Tri-Service Maritime Strat- initiatives for the integration and optimi-
egy. These strategic documents provide zation of critical Navy and Marine Corps
the framework by which the Navy and logistics capabilities ashore. Initiatives
Marine Corps will operate and support include a Total Life Cycle Management
joint warfighting capabilities. (TLCM) approach to the common acqui-
The end-state objective of NLI is an sition of ground personal protective and
integrated logistics capability that oper- chemical-biological protective equip-
ates seamlessly whether afloat or ashore ment; common depot-level maintenance
across the range of military operations to capacity management; common tactical
support and sustain operating MAGTF level equipment maintenance; and com-
units in a joint warfighting environment. mon material requisitioning capabilities.
NLI is challenging the status quo in sci- NLI is a formal and collaborative ef-
ence and technology, policy and doctrine, fort between HQMC and OPNAV with
business practices and processes, and extensive, ongoing participation of the
training and education. MARFORs and Numbered Fleets. The
NLI has enabled dramatic improve- NLI homepage is hosted on the Navy
ments in sustaining deployed Navy and Knowledge Online (www.nko.navy.mil)
Marine Corps operating forces by pursu- portal under the expeditionary logistics
ing a number of initiatives. The Navys community link.
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chapter 3: programs
Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) Distribution
MAGTF Distribution strives to seam- trine, organizations, training, and ma-

lessly execute inbound and outbound terial solutions
movements for all classes of supply while MAGTF Distribution is accom-
maintaining Total Asset Visibility (TAV) plished through the synchronization of
and In-Transit Visibility (ITV) through- all elements of the distribution system to
out the distribution pipeline. These ca- include visibility, capacity, and control in
pabilities are needed in the operating order to successfully deploy and sustain a
forces to mitigate unsynchronized and MAGTF engaged in crisis-response and
sub-optimized distribution support to combat operations. This synchronization
the warfighter, both in garrison and while integrates distribution processes for ma-
deployed. The shift in defense planning teriel, services, and people into a single
in countering asymmetric threats drives integrated process across the strategic,
the need for a rapid, flexible, and precise operational, and tactical levels of war.
distribution system. The future Marine MAGTF Distribution involves several key
Corps operational concepts to meet the enablers:
new threats require a distribution sys- Automatic Identification Technology
tem that can support Marines dispersed (AIT), a suite of technologies, enables
while afloat and ashore and operating and facilitates the identification and
within compressed decision timelines. rapid transmission of machine-read-
The MAGTF Distribution initiative is ad- able data to Automated Information
dressing this challenge. This concept de- Systems (AIS) to enhance the readi-
scribes a logistics process that enables a ness of deploying forces with improved
MAGTF to maintain a high operational knowledge of equipment. Radio Fre-
tempo through effective management, quency Identification (RFID), a form
coordination, and use of end-to-end dis- of AIT, uses low-powered radio trans-
tribution capabilities. MAGTF Distribu- mitters to read data stored in an RFID
tion is a shared responsibility across all tag at distances of one inch to 100 feet
elements of the MAGTF. Key objectives to track assets, manage inventory, and
of the MAGTF Distribution initiative authorize payments.
are to: Last Tactical Mile (LTM) ITV is a
T
o enable visibility across the distribu- lightweight, innovative solution that
tion chain augments existing in-transit visibility
T
o establish roles and responsibilities systems with barcodes and RFID tags
for managing MAGTF distribution ca- combined with mobile satellite comput-
pabilities ing to enable near-real-time in-transit
T
o achieve centralized control of the visibility and confirmation of delivery
MAGTF distribution chain for sustainment items from a Combat
T
o initiate and integrate people, pro- Logistics Regiment (CLR) to the sup-
cesses, and technologies via new doc- ported unit.
161
A
utomated Manifest System - (AMS) ing, file conversion to provide near real-
Tactical (AMS-TAC) uses AIT (optical time cargo movement data; AMS-TAC
memory cards (OMC), 2D barcodes, is being modified to transmit ITV data
RF tags, and handheld terminals) to im- to GTN via Cargo Movement Opera-
prove ITV/TAV through management tions System (CMOS) and to provide
reports, database searches, records edit- receipt data to CMOS.
162
chapter 3: programs
Feeding Marines
questions and ideas that have surfaced

from myriad customer surveys ensur-
ing that the Individual Marine remains
the focus of attention.
Transitioning Expectations For
Field Feeding Operations. On par with
actions taken to support garrison mess
hall operations, field feeding has taken
on the challenge to support the needs of
Marine warfighters by investing in new
technologies and equipment capable of
Changing Expectations for Gar- preparing the highest quality meals in the
rison Mess Hall Operations. Mealtime most austere environments. One of the
while in garrison should provide Marines ways that this is being achieved is with
a break from their daily routine to relax the fielding of the Enhanced Tray Ration
and renew. To this end, new menus have Heating System, which will increase a
been developed and the eating environ- units capability to prepare a wider vari-
ment and operating hours have been ety of rations and provide the means to
tailored to fit high-tempo lifestyles. New serve up to a company-sized unit (twice
menu offerings provide food items that daily) in forward remote areas. This ca-
mess hall patrons desire while balancing pability is packed, stored and transported
health and nutrition. Options include Fu- in a Small Field Refrigeration System,
sion (food made to order upon request); allowing the unit to double as a field re-
Market Street Grill (similar in concept to frigerator and the systems embarkation
Boston Market) providing an upscale container. Another field feeding system
fast food menu including gourmet ham- that is currently in research and design is
burgers, pizza and focaccia bread sand- the Expeditionary Field Kitchen (EFK).
wiches; and an extensive soup, salad bar, The trailer-mounted EFK is intended to
and dessert bar. Alternative menu initia- support the entire family of combat ra-
tives implemented in past years include tions on a highly mobile and expedition-
the SubMarine program (made-to-order ary equipment platform. When fielded,
sandwiches); Simply-to-go (take-out the EFK can support up to 500 personnel
meals); and Xtreme Burrito Program. with two hot meals per day. The system
Another welcome change is the extended allows food service personnel the ability
hours of operation offered at select mess to rapidly setup or tear down the kitchen
halls, providing patrons flexibility be- in support of high-tempo operations and
yond traditional meal hours. These initia- is sure to be the forward feeding solution
tives are designed to provide the very best of the future.
service possible and are in keeping with
163
Family of Material Handling Equipment (MHE)
Program Status
The Family of MHE program main-
tains the Marine Corps material-han-
dling and transportation-support capa-
bility. As such, various items are replaced
as determined appropriate by the life cy-
cle manager, Program Manager Engineer
Systems. Specific items may be managed
as acquisition or abbreviated-acquisition
programs, and there are several acquisi-
Description tion programs in progress at any point
The Marine Corps Family of MHE in time.
encompasses a wide variety of materi-
al-handling assets, ranging from light Procurement Profile: FY 2010 FY 2011
forklifts to heavy cranes and contain- Quantity: Various Various
er handlers. Specific systems include:
Rough-Terrain Container Handler; Ex- Developer/Manufacturer:
tended Boom Forklift; Light-Capability, Extended boom forklift: JLG Industries, Inc.,
Rough-Terrain Forklift; High-speed, McConnellsburg, PA
High-mobility Crane; Air Mobile Crane;
Light-capability, rough-terrain forklift: Terex
Mobile Welding Shop; and, Multi-Pur-
American Crane, Wilmington, NC
pose, Rubber-Tired Articulated Tractor.
Multi-purpose, rubber-tired, articulated-
steering tractor: John Deere, Davenport, IA
Operational Impact
All Terrain Crane: TEREX DEMAG CRANES
Procurement of these systems will en-
Stafford VA/Germany
sure that Logistics Combat Element enti-
ties have the ability to support the scheme Rough Terrain Container Handler: Kalmar
of maneuver and logistical requirements LLC, San Antonio, TX
of their supported Marine Air Ground Tactical Welding Shop: Power Manufactur-
Task Force. ing, Covington, TN
164
chapter 3: programs
Marine Corps Families of Power and Environmental

Control Equipment
Description entities have the ability to support all

The Marine Corps Family of Power requirements of the Marine Air Ground
Equipment encompasses a portfolio pro- Task Force with deployable and energy-
gram to continuously procure, update, efficient equipment.
and replenish more than 30,000 items
of power equipment, including skid- Program Status
mounted and trailer-mounted diesel gen-
Within the families of power equip-
erators, floodlights, power distribution
ment and environmental control equip-
sets, electrician toolkits, power supplies,
ment, various items are replaced as de-
radio power adaptors, battery chargers,
termined appropriate by the life cycle
renewable energy systems, and on-board
manager, Program Manager Expedition-
vehicle power systems. The Marine Corps
ary Power Systems. All items are managed
Family of Environmental Control Equip-
as acquisition or abbreviated-acquisition
ment continuously procures, updates,
programs, with multiple acquisition pro-
and replenishes more than 8,000 items
grams in progress at any point in time.
that include tactically hardened Environ-
mental Control Units, refrigerated con-
tainers, and refrigeration tool kits. Both
Quantity: Various Various
families of equipment are used to support
all command, ground combat, aviation, Developer/Manufacturer:
and logistics elements throughout the Environmental Control Units NordicAir Inc,
Marine Corps that require tactical power Geneva, OH
and environmental control in support of Current Tactical Generators
air control, communication/information DRS, Bridgeport CT and L-3, Tulsa, OK
systems, life support systems, and general Future Tactical Generators ONAN
power/heating-ventilation-air condition- Cummins, Minneapolis, MN
ing requirements. Paramount in each Battery Chargers Bren-tronics Inc,
Commack, NY
family is fielding Environmental Protec-
Battery Managers & Analyzers PulseTech
tion Agency-compliant equipment to Corp., Waco, TX
meet stringent air quality and zero-ozone Refrigerated Containers SeaBox Inc, East
depleting standards, while maintaining Rutherford, NJ
military compatibility, energy efficiency, Solar Power System IRIS Technology,
transportability, durability, and simplic- Irvine, CA
ity of operation. Power Distribution LEX Product,
Stamford, CT
Floodlights / Generators Magnum
Operational Impact Products, Berlin, WI
Procurement of these systems will Integrated Trailer, ECU& Generator General
ensure that the Command Element, Avia- Dynamics, Tucson, AZ
tion Combat Element, Ground Combat On-Board Vehicle Power System Oshkosh
Element, and Logistics Combat Element Truck Co., Oshkosh, WI
165
Lightweight Water Purification System (LWPS)
Operational Impact
The LWPS provides the capability to
produce purified water from almost any
water source, significantly reducing the
logistics requirements associated with the
transport of bulk potable water on a dis-
tributed battlefield. An entire system can
be transported by a single High Mobility
Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle or heli-
copter in order to provide flexibility in
Description executing expeditionary operations.
The LWPS is a lightweight, modular,
highly transportable, self-contained wa-
ter purification system. The LWPS will re-
Program Status
place the legacy fresh-water filtration sys- A Firm Fixed Price contract was
tem with an advanced pre-filtration and awarded in FY 2008 to Terra Group Cor-
reverse-osmosis system. Using state-of- poration. Production Qualification Test-
the-art technology, the LWPS will provide ing was conducted during fourth quarter
FY 2009 at Aberdeen Test Center, Ab-
the capability to purify water from brack-
erdeen, MD; Naval Facilities Engineer-
ish and seawater and Nuclear/Biological/
ing Service Center, Port Hueneme, CA;
Chemical contaminated water sources.
and Marine Corps Base, Camp Lejeune,
The LWPS is capable of producing 125
NC. Field User Evaluation was conducted
gallons per hour (GPH) from fresh wa-
during the first quarter FY 2010 at Camp
ter sources and 75 GPH from a natural
Lejeune. Fielding of the LWPS is expected
surface seawater or groundwater source.
to start in FY 2010.
This production rate allows two LWPS to
produce up to 2,500 gallons of water per
A total of 146 LWPS will be procured
day the complete potable water needs
through FY 2012.
of one Marine infantry company.
Terra Group Corporation
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chapter 3: programs
Conventional Ground Ammunition (Class V(W))
Description profile to address the growing demands

Class V(W) Conventional Ground of the Marine forces for both war-reserve
Ammunition consists of more than 300 and live-fire training. Past efforts within
individual ammunition and explosives the ammunition procurement appro-
items in the Marine Corps ammunition priation have helped the Marine Corps
stockpile. These items support all major to maintain readiness levels while meet-
weapons systems employed by the Ma- ing current demands for ammunition
rine Corps, including artillery, tank, small and explosives required for current op-
arms (such as 9mm, 5.56mm, 7.62mm, erations. During the past two fiscal years,
and .50-caliber), rockets, missiles, me- ammunition investment has allowed for
dium caliber (25mm and 40mm), mine- sufficient flexibility in supporting several
clearance systems, 120mm rifled mortars munitions based urgent need statements
for the Expeditionary Fire Support Sys- generated by the operating forces.
tem, 30mm in support of the Expedi-
tionary Fighting Vehicle, and the family
of 60mm and 81mm mortar ammuni- Program Status
tion. Conventional ground ammunition The Marine Corps ammunition pro-
also includes individually employed and cesses and the current funding profile will
hand-emplaced material, such as gre- continue to ensure sufficient ammunition
nades, demolition equipment, pyrotech- is available for future combat or peace-
nics, and signaling devices. Also included keeping operations involving active-duty
are training and mission-unique items, and Reserve Marine forces. Further, Ma-
such as non-lethal munitions, Special Ef- rine Corps investments will allow ammu-
fects Ammunition Markings System, and nition production to keep pace with the
Military Working Dog Scent Kits. phased growth of the Marine Corps.
Operational Impact Small Arms Family: Alliant Tech Systems,
Ammunition procurement supports Independence, MO; and General Dynamics
a wide spectrum of Marine Corps re- Ordnance Systems, Marion, IL
Mortar Family: American Ordnance, Milan,
quirements that are categorized within TN; Medico, Wilkes-Barre, PA; L3 Com-
two major elements. The first is the War munications, Lancaster, PA; HITECH, East
Reserve Munitions Requirement, which Camden, AR; Wilkinson Manufacturing, Port
includes combat, current operations/ Calhoun, NE; and Armtec Defense Products,
forward presence, and strategic readiness Coachella, CA.
requirements. The second is the Training/ Tank Ammunition: Alliant Tech Systems,
Testing Requirement, which includes live- Plymouth, MN; American Ordnance,
Middleton, IA
fire training and weapons-systems testing. Artillery Ammunition: Chamberlain Manufac-
The combination of these two categories turing, Scranton, PA; and American
constitutes the Marine Corps Total Mu- Ordnance, Middleton, IA
nitions Requirement (TMR). With the Rockets: NAMMO/Talley Defense Systems,
continuing global missions facing the Mesa, AZ; and SAAB Bofors Dynamics,
U.S., it is imperative that the Marine Karlskoga, Sweden
Corps maintains a healthy procurement
167
Communication Electronics Equipment Maintenance

Complex (CEEMC) Rigid-Wall Shelter
warfighters readiness by optimizing

the capacity to perform Operator Crew
through Field Level repair of satellite ra-
dio systems, ground radio systems, tele-
phone systems, fiber optic communica-
tion systems, cryptographic equipment,
computer systems, Light Armored Vehicle
(LAV) weapons systems, and small arms.
Program Status
Description CEEMC will move into its Phase II,
The CEEMC will enhance the con- Milestone C (Production and Limited
duct of critical Marine Corps electronics Fielding), during fourth quarter FY 2009.
equipment maintenance and repair mis- This approval authorized the procure-
sions. It will replace the Electronics Main- ment and build out of four additional
tenance Complex (EMC) legacy shelters shelters to be fielded and used by the
that were fielded in the early 1980s and operating forces for a period of approxi-
have exceeded their life expectancies. The mately six months in order to identify
CEEMC Shelter provides standardized any engineering changes prior to going
expandable rigid-wall shelters that are into full production. The first of these
easily relocated, compatible with current four shelters was issued to 1st Marine
Marine Corps transportation modes, re- Expeditionary Force (MEF) during first
quire minimum maintenance, and will quarter FY 2010, and the remaining three
protect equipment and personnel while shelters will be issued to I and II MEFs
conducting maintenance functions need- during first and second quarter FY 2010.
ed to support deployed operations. The The CEEMC Shelter also underwent ISO
CEEMC expandable rigid-wall shelter testing and recertification during first
meets the International Standardization quarter FY 2010. Other current efforts
Organization (ISO) certifications, opti- include the completion of requisite ac-
mizes work space, and is compatible with quisition documentation; logistical and
standard Marine Corps power-generation lifecycle management planning; and, fur-
units, environmental-control units, and ther coordination with all stakeholders in
transportation assets. preparation for Phase III, Full Fielding in
third quarter FY 2010.
Operational Impact
The Marine Corps has critical field Procurement Profile: FY 2010 FY 2011
electronics maintenance capability re- Quantity: 16 12
quirements in support of current op-
erations and global mission needs. The Developer/Manufacturer:
CEEMC will significantly enhance the Guichner Shelter Systems, Dallastown, PA
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chapter 3: programs
Family of Tactical Soft Shelters (FTSS)
Dental and Messing). The FTSS is not de-

signed to counter a specific threat. Rather,
it is intended to improve the effectiveness
with which a variety of battlefield func-
tions are accomplished.
Program Status
The FTSS is currently in Post Mile-
stone C and is being fielded to the operat-
ing forces.
Description
The Marine Corps FTSS are shelters Procurement Profile: FY 2011 FY 2012
for tactical use that maximize modular- Quantity: 11,200 10,212
ity, ease of use, operational effectiveness,
durability, and the ability to connect with Developer/Manufacturer:
vehicles and like shelters. It includes the Utilis USA, Fort Walton Beach, FL
Expeditionary Shelter System, General Outdoor Ventures Corporation, Stearns, KY
Diamond Brand, Arden, NC
Purpose Medium Shelter, Lightweight
Johnson Outdoors, Binghamton, NY
Maintenance Enclosure, Combat Tent, Base-X Inc., Fairfield, VA
10-Man Arctic Tent, and the Extreme Camel Manufacturing Company, Pioneer, TN
Cold Weather Tent.
Operational Impact
The FTSS will provide protection
from the natural environment to the op-
erating forces for use in varied mission
roles (e.g., Command and Control, Ad-
ministration, Billeting, Supply, Medical,
169
part 7:
Maritime Support
chapter 3: programs
Introduction
Marines have always been soldiers of the sea. When the Continental Congress
decided on November 10, 1775 to raise two battalions of Marines, it specified that
particular care be taken, that no such personenlisted into said battalions, but such
as are good seaman, or so acquainted with maritime affairs as to be able to serve to
advantage by sea when required. Colonel Commandant John Harris wrote in 1863,
We are of the Navy; are governed by Naval Regulations on shore and afloat.
During Operation Desert Storm, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General
Colin Powell, remarked, Lying offshore, ready to act, the presence of ships and
Marines sometimes means much more than just having air power or ships fire, when
it comes to deterring a crisis. And the ships and Marines may not have to do anything
but lie offshore.
The close relationship between the Navy and the Marine Corps, tempered by oper-
ations and combat in every corner of the world since the War of Independence, remains
strong today. Whether on board ship or on the ground, the individual Marine remains
at heart a soldier of the sea.
The forward-deployed Navy-Marine Corps Team provides the Combatant Com-
manders with scalable options for presence, security force assistance, crisis response,
and combat power. Marines deployed on naval shipping combine forward presence
with flexible and scalable response forces. Together, as Americas force in readiness,
we represent the United States on the high seas, in the littorals and ashore, and will
continue to play a pivotal role in protecting vital interests. Under the 2007 tri-service
maritime strategy, A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower, we will work
closely with the Navy and Coast Guard. Individual Marines, Sailors, and Coast
Guardsmen represent a military partnership that is second to none.
171
Amphibious Warships
the MEBs Aviation Combat Element.

Ten large-deck ships (eight Wasp-
class LHDs and two Tarawa-Class LHAs)
are in service in the spring of 2010. The
eighth Wasp-class multi-purpose am-
phibious assault ship, the USS Makin
Island (LHD 8), was delivered in 2009.
LHD 8 is similar to LHD 1 through LHD
7 but is powered by gas turbine engines
and has all-electric auxiliaries.
Amphibious warfare ships are the

centerpieces of the Navy/Marine Corps
forcible-entry and seabasing capability
and have played essential roles in global
operations. These ships are equipped with
aviation-assault and surface-assault capa-
bilities, which, coupled with their inher-
ent survivability and self-defense systems,
support a broad range of mission require-
ments. They provide the most formidable
expeditionary forcible-entry capability in
the world, the development and mainte- Amphibious Assault Ship
nance of which is the responsibility of the Replacement (LHA(R))
Marine Corps under U.S. Code Title X. The amphibious fleet is organized for
The Marine Corps operational re- persistent forward presence and includes
quirement is for two Marine Expedition- nine Amphibious Ready Groups each
ary Brigade Assault Echelons (MEB AE) comprising three amphibious ships. The
of forcible-entry capability reinforced centerpiece of the ARG is a Wasp (LHD 1)-
by an additional MEB from the Mari- class or Tarawa (LHA 1)-class amphibious
time Prepositioning Force (Future). The assault ship. The Tarawa-class amphibi-
two-MEB AE forcible-entry capability ous assault ships reach the ends of their
requires 34 amphibious warfare ships (17 expected service lives between 2015 and
ships per MEB). When forward-presence 2018. The first of three LHA Replacement
requirements are considered with the 2.0 (LHA(R)) ships, the USS America (LHA
MEB lift requirement, AE requirements 6), began construction in 2008. LHA 6
total 38 ships. Of these 38 ships, 11 must design modifications optimize aviation
be aviation-capable large-deck ships support for MV-22 Osprey and F-35 Joint
(LHA/LHD/LHA(R)) to accommodate Strike Fighter operations. Removal of the
172
chapter 3: programs
well deck provides for an extended han- (LPD-21) have been commissioned as
gar deck with two wider high-bay areas, of early 2010. The San Antonio class LPDs
each fitted with an overhead crane for air- will replace the remaining ships of the
craft maintenance. Other enhancements LPD 4 Austin class.
include a reconfigurable command and The class unique design facilitates
control complex, a hospital facility, and expands force coverage and decreases re-
extensive support activities. action times of forward-deployed Marine
Expeditionary Units. In forcible-entry
operations, the LPD-17 helps maintain a
robust surface assault and rapid off-load
capability for the Marine Air Ground
Task Force well into the future. The San
Antonio class warships incorporate ad-
vanced characteristics for amphibious
ships. Each ship has 699 enhanced berths
for embarked Marines, plus a surge ca-
pacity of another 101 berths. Each also
has a vehicle-stowage capacity of 24,600
square feet, cargo-stowage capacity of
more than 33,000 cubic feet, and a well-
San Antonio-Class (LPD deck sized for two Landing Craft Air
17) Amphibious Transport Cushions (LCAC) or one Landing Craft
Dock Ship Utility. Flight decks can support opera-
The LPD 17 San Antonio class am- tions by two CH-53E/K Super Stallions,
phibious warfare ship represents the De- two MV-22 Osprey tilt-rotor aircraft, or
partment of the Navys (DoN) commit- four CH-46E Sea Knight helicopters. The
ment to a modern expeditionary fleet and ships in this class are outfitted with two
will assist the Marine Corpss naval forces Rolling Airframe Missile launchers for
across the spectrum of warfare. The first self-defense and incorporate design fea-
five ships of the class the USS San An- tures that present a significantly reduced
tonio (LPD 17), USS New Orleans (LPD
radar cross-section, compared to previ-
18), USS Mesa Verde (LPD-19), USS
ous amphibious ships.
Green Bay (LPD-20), and USS New York
173
Joint High Speed Vessel (JHSV)
provide the high-speed means to move

forces and supplies within that theater.
Specifically, the JHSV will provide the ca-
pability to deliver equipment, personnel
and supplies over the intra-theater ranges
to shallow, austere, and degraded ports. It
will provide support to seabasing and will
bridge the gap between low-speed sealift
and high-speed airlift.
The JHSV reached Milestone B in
November 2008, which authorized system
design development and detailed design.
Low rate initial production was also ap-
The Joint High-Speed Vessel (JHSV) proved. The JHSV lead ship is scheduled
will provide the critical intra-theater, to deliver in FY 2012 with additional ships
to follow in the subsequent years. The
surface-connector capability that will en-
contract includes options for nine addi-
able the Joint Force Commander to proj-
tional vessels to be awarded between FY
ect forces and sustainment at high speeds 2009 and FY 2013. In the interim, high-
over operational distances. The JHSV will speed vessels will continue to be leased in
be capable of self-deploying to the the- the Pacific Command area of responsibil-
ater of operations and, once in theater, ity to satisfy compelling requirements.
174
chapter 3: programs
Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC) /

Ship to Shore Connector (SSC)
overload condition. The goal is to carry

out five LCAC SLEPs per year. During
SLEP, LCACs receive a system upgrade
that includes new command, control,
communication, and navigation equip-
ment; buoyancy box and rotating ma-
chinery refurbishment; enhanced engines;
and upgrades of the current skirt system
with an improved deep skirt, thereby in-
creasing the performance envelope.
The Ship-to-Shore Connector (SSC)
is the planned replacement for the in-ser-
The LCAC is a high-speed, fully am- vice LCACs and the LCAC (SLEP) as these
phibious craft with a design payload of 60 craft reach the ends of their service lives.
tons at speeds in excess of 40 knots and In December 2007, the Navy Resources,
a nominal range of 200 nautical miles. Requirements Review board selected the
The LCACs ability to ride on a cushion 73 Short Ton Air Cushion Vehicle concept
of air allows it to operate directly from in the approved Initial Capabilities Devel-
the well decks of amphibious warships
opment Document as the SSC platform.
and to access more than 70 percent of the
worlds beaches, compared to 17 percent The program has achieved Milestone A
for conventional landing craft. A service and a set-based design has been com-
life extension program (SLEP) began in pleted. A Request for Proposal for Detail,
late 2000 for the 72 active LCACs, which Design, and Construction is planned for
provides major refurbishment that will release in FY 2010, with contract award
extend craft life to 30 years and increased expected in FY 2011, and delivery of the
payload capacity from 60 to 75 tons in an test and training craft in FY 2016.
175
Future of Marine Corps Prepositioning
The Marine Corps current preposi- purchasing or terminating the leases on

tioning programs provide the equipment the current leased ships. The recapitaliza-
and supplies for elements of three Marine tion plan also includes the purchase of
Expeditionary Brigades (MEBs) afloat a general-purpose container ship and a
and elements of a fourth MEB in Marine tanker ship. The final major enhancement
Corps Prepositioning ProgramNorway that will occur in this time period is the
(MCPP-N). The current program, how- integration of one Large Medium-Speed
ever, must continue to evolve to meet Roll-On Roll-Off (LMSR) ship into each
the challenges of a strategic environment MPSRON. The LMSRs will provide more
with greater anti-access challenges. Ma- stowage space to accommodate the larger
rine Corps prepositioning, both ashore and more numerous equipment of the
and afloat, is programmed for significant programmed MEB. The addition of the
change through 2025. The most marked three LMSRs will provide a net increase
changes will occur in the afloat program, of more than 400,000 square feet, or 18
where the capability to conduct sustained percent, by 2011. The first LMSR, USNS
sea-based operations with limited host Sisler, was integrated into MPSRON-1 in
nation infrastructure in the Joint Operat- 2008. USNS Dahl joined MPSRON-3 in
ing Area (JOA) will provide a greatly ex- January 2010, and USNS Seay will join
panded set of options for the Combatant MPSRON-2 in January 2011.
Commanders. A detailed integration plan While the current prepositioning
has been developed to ensure the new ca- program provides significant capabil-
pabilities are seamlessly incorporated into ity to the Combatant Commanders, it
the existing program. The plan described is limited in some areas, especially the
below depicts how the new platforms will ability to conduct sea-based operations.
be integrated and provides a snap shot of The closure of forces requires a secure
the capability of the program at different airfield and a secure port or beach land-
timeframes. ing site in the JOA a significant con-
By 2010, each Maritime Preposi- straint on some operations. Current MPF
tioned Squadron (MPSRON) will have platforms can embark limited personnel
gained increased organic ship-to-shore pier side, at anchor, or via a single-spot
movement capability with the complete flight deck capable of supporting rotary
fielding of the Integrated Navy Lighter- wing operations, including the CH-53E.
age System (INLS). The INLS provides However, the platforms lack the billet-
operability in higher sea states and great- ing and support services to facilitate a
er throughput capacity than the legacy sea-based force. Equipment and supplies
lighterage it replaces. Through 2011, the are currently administratively stowed to
Maritime Prepositioning Force (MPF) maximize all available space. This dense
squadrons will be recapitalized with packing of the ships precludes the con-
Military Sealift Command (MSC) either duct of assembly operations aboard MPF
176
chapter 3: programs
ships. Current platforms can support the over-the-horizon surface connector ca-
limited employment of forces from a sea pability. The Dry Cargo/Ammunition
base; however, this requires significant (T-AKE) ship will enable the selective
planning prior to backloading the ships access of supplies allowing the building
during the preceding MPF Maintenance of tailored sustainment packages for the
Cycle. Since there are no maintenance forces operating ashore. During this tran-
facilities aboard current MPF vessels, all sition period, training and exercises will
reconstitution must be done ashore be-
focus on the development of new tac-
fore back loading any of the equipment
tics, techniques, and procedures as well
or supplies.
as doctrinal and organizational changes
Between 2012 and 2016, new MPF
to fully realize the enhanced ability and
ships will be integrated to the MPSRONs.
Each new platform will incrementally operational utility of afloat preposition-
transform the existing MPSRONs and ing. The LMSR will interface with the
provide an immediate operational ben- vehicle transfer system on the MLP per-
efit to the Combatant Commanders. A mitting at-sea transfer of equipment and
Mobile Landing Platform (MLP) with personnel through NATO sea state three.
associated Ship-to-Shore Connectors will
provide the squadrons their first organic
177
Naval Surface Fire Support (NSFS) Initiatives
In December 2005, The Joint Require-

ments Oversight Council validated the
Joint Fires in Support of Expeditionary
Operations in the Littorals Initial Capabili-
ties Document (ICD). The ICD identified
NSFS as a potential solution to mitigate
gaps in weapons and engagement capabil-
ity in the littoral environment. The gaps
include the ability to engage targets in close
support of maneuver forces or when col-
lateral damage is a concern, the ability to
provide volume effects over an area target
or for sustained periods of time, and the
ability to engage moving point and area
target under restricted weather conditions.
An Analysis of Alternatives (AoA) is being
conducted to determine what weapons sys-
tems and platforms will meet the ICD re-
quirements. This AoA will be the basis for
a combined Marine Corps/Navy strategy
to map out those programs and initiatives
Firepower, including responsive, lethal
necessary to address the recognized gaps in
and persistent fires from U.S. Navy surface
fire support capability and capacity.
ships, is essential in expeditionary op-
Beginning in 2014, the Navy will field
erations. A robust, around-the-clock, all-
a fully integrated, transformational fire
weather, sea-based surface fire support ca-
support system: the DDG 1000 Zumwalt
pability is vital to the success of naval forces
class multi-mission destroyer. Equipped
engaged in littoral combat operations.
The current Naval Surface Fires Support with two 155mm Advanced Gun Systems
(NSFS) capability does not meet required (AGS), each with a 300-round magazine,
range, volume, and accuracy for support- the DDG 1000 will add considerable fire-
ing expeditionary operations throughout power and flexibility to an Expedition-
an extended battlespace. The Navy contin- ary Strike Group or Expeditionary Strike
ues to pursue development and testing of Force. The AGS, firing the Long-Range
an extended-range and guided-fire support Land-Attack Projectile, will increase the le-
capability to support the Marine Corps thal effects of the Marine Air Ground Task
Vision and Strategy 2025 and the com- Force (MAGTF) NSFS fires to greater than
bined-service strategic vision articulated 63 nautical miles. The DDG 1000 will also
in A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century be the first naval ship designed to integrate
Seapower. counter-fire detection with the dual-band
radar (DBR). The DBR will be networked
178
chapter 3: programs
to the ground and naval sensors network toward how they might be integrated to
and can digitally communicate the infor- support future operating concepts.
mation to the Supporting Arms Coordina- NSFS will offer a complementary ca-
tion Center or Fire Support Coordination pability to tactical aviation and ground fire
Center for engagement. systems, completing the joint triad of fires.
Future technologies will further de- Emerging capabilities will reshape the way
velop transformational NSFS. New sci- fires are planned and used by the MAGTF.
ence and technology efforts are underway, With continued commitment, the Marine
which include the Electromagnetic Rail Corps and the rest of the Joint community
Gun. Future battlefield commanders may can rely upon NSFS as readily available,
harness the destructive power of mach 7+ all-weather fire support systems capable
propelled projectiles launched by electro- of engaging targets across the full range of
magnetic energy generated on board the military operations in the littorals.
Navys future family of all-electric ships.
The Marine Corps will continue to moni-
tor developing technologies with an eye
179
Mine Countermeasures (MCM)
A family of Navy and Marine Corps and landing beaches fouled by mines and
MCM systems is being developed and obstacles. In these areas of present and fu-
fielded to allow joint/combined sea-based ture interest, suitable landing beaches are
forces to conduct expeditionary opera- limitedand our potential adversaries
tions at a time and place of our choosing, are aware of them.
to include terrain defended by anti-access The Navys triad of deep-water MCM
systems such as mines and obstacles. Tac- capabilities resides in surface mine coun-
tics, techniques, procedures, and material termeasure ships, airborne mine coun-
solutions are being developed to support termeasure helicopter squadrons, and
seamless naval expeditionary operations underwater mine countermeasure teams
throughout the littoral and beyond. consisting of explosive ordnance disposal
(EOD) detachments, equipped with ma-
From the Stern Gate rine mammal systems and unmanned
through the Beach vehicles. The MCM triad stands ready
Sea-based forces first require an ef- to conduct large-area or long-endurance
fective mine countermeasures capability MCM operations from deep water to the
to open and maintain sea lines of com- 40-foot depth contour.
munication and to operate within the lit- The Navy is engaged in an effort to
toral battle space. The ability to operate augment the triad with MCM systems
in areas defended by enemy mines and embarked on ships of Carrier and Ex-
obstacles requires a family of capabilities, peditionary Strike Groups, as well as
which includes detection, location, neu- equipping the Littoral Combat Ships
tralization, marking, and data dissemina- with MCM mission modules. These are
tion. This family of capabilities will allow designed to provide a self-contained, or-
commanders to detect and avoid mines ganic capability to detect, avoid, and/or
and obstacles when possible, and breach neutralize mines within an operationally
when necessary. acceptable timeline and with acceptable
In conducting Operational Maneu- levels of operational risk. This next gen-
ver from the Sea (OMFTS) and Ship-To- eration of systems includes the Remote
Objective-Maneuver, the Marine Corps Mine-Hunting System and the MH-60s
relies upon the Navy to maneuver its ex- Mine warfare helicopter with advanced
peditionary forces to the beach, allowing sonar and sweep gear among others.
the deployment and prosecution of op- The physics of ship-draft require-
erations ashore. Forces, equipment, and ments, sensor and system operating lim-
supplies will have to cross the beach re- its, diver physiology, mine characteristics,
gardless of future vertical-lift capabilities. and an extremely dynamic environment,
In specific areas of national strategic in- combined with the requirement for co-
terest, the assault force faces challenges in vert operations and many other factors,
detection and avoidance of littoral waters limit effectiveness of deep water systems
180
chapter 3: programs
in very shallow water (VSW - 10 to 40 feet Counter Mine System (CMS) which uses
deep), the surf zone (SZ - 10 feet to the a spray of small darts to neutralize mines
beach), and Beach Zone (BZ) operations. in the beach and surf zones. This prom-
In response, the Navy has developed ising technological approach offers the
a specialized family of capabilities to con- potential for standoff operations and the
tend with mines and obstacles in these removal of men and mammals from the
technologically challenging environ- minefieldtwo key MCM goals.
ments. Explosive Ordnance Disposal Mo-
bile Unit 1 (EOD MU 1), formerly known Through the Beach
as the Naval Special Clearance Team 1 and Beyond
(NSCT-1), which consists of a 180-man Once ashore, naval expedition-
unit composed of Navy EOD, Marine ary forces must be capable of detecting,
Reconnaissance Divers, and support breaching, clearing, proofing, marking
personnelfulfills an important part of mines and obstacles, and the dissemina-
the requirement. EOD MU-1 employs tion mine and obstacle data across the
unmanned underwater vehicles, marine Naval Forces from the critical Navy-Ma-
mammals, and divers to conduct low- rine Corps handoff in the vicinity of the
visibility mine exploration, reconnais- beach exit to the force objectives and be-
sance, and clearance operations in waters yond. Marine Corps commanders must
from 40- to 10- feet deep and Beach Zone be able to detect and avoid landmines
(BZ) operations. Data collection devices and Improvised Explosive Devices and
such as the Coastal Battlefield Reconnais- obstacles when possible, and breach them
sance and Analysis (COBRA) System will when necessary. The Marine Corps cur-
provide the Navy and Marine Corps with rent inventory of MCM systems includes
essential visual reconnaissance informa- the AN/PSS-14 Mine Detector (which uti-
tion on mine lines and SZ/BZ defenses. lizes ground penetrating radar to locate
The Navys science and technology effort mines), explosive breaching systems-the
is also investigating the effectiveness of Assault Amphibian Vehicle with Mk154
precision-delivered Joint Direct Attack Triple-Shot Line Charge, Mk155 Mine
Munitions (JDAM) against certain SZ/ Clearing Line Charge (MICLIC), and
BZ mines and obstacles. The JDAM As- Anti-Personnel Obstacle Breaching Sys-
sault Breaching System (JABS) capability tem (APOBS)and mechanical breach-
provides a limited SZ/BZ MCM, obstacle ing/clearing/proofing systems (M1 tank
breaching capability. with track-width mine plow and armored
In the long-term, the science and D-7 dozer). In aggregate, these systems
technology endeavor is pursuing smart provide a limited and aging deliberate
bomb- and gun-delivered munitions breaching capability. They do not meet
designed to destroy concentrations of the detection, speed, and responsiveness
SZ/BZ mines. This includes the Navys requirements of the modern battlefield.
181
The Assault Breacher Vehicle (ABV) capability gaps, replace obsolete equip-
has been fielded to meet its Initial Opera- ment, and meet the challenges posed
tional Capability scheduled for fiscal year by newer threats, such as the greatly in-
2009. ABV is a single-platform mine- creased use of Improvised Explosive De-
field breaching/clearing/proofing/mark- vices (IEDs), off-route mines, and anti-
ing system that possesses the speed and helicopter mines.
mobility of modern mechanized forces.
Current Marine Corps MCM sys-
Combining two Mk155 Line Charges, a
tems face challenges in providing force
Full-Width Mine Plow, and a breached
commanders with the desired in-stride
lane marking system on an M1 tank chas-
sis, the ABV will offer deliberate and in- capability to achieve and maintain initia-
stride breaching capabilitiesallowing tive and momentum in a full spectrum
commanders to maintain initiative and anti-access environment. The Marine
momentum. Corps has a MAGTF MCM master plan,
MCM doctrine, training, and equip- designed to fill remaining capability gaps
ment are continuously evolving to cover and provide a road map for the future.
182
chapter 3: programs
183
part 8:
Training and Education
chapter 3: programs
Introduction
The training and education of Marines is the cornerstone of ensuring that the
Marine Corps remains the worlds premier warfighting organization. The training as-
sociated with preparing Marines for the full spectrum of conflict is demanding and en-
sures that they are ready for the challenges of an uncertain world. Through a deliberate
building-block approach to training and education conducted at world-class facilities,
the Marine Corps continues to provide the individual Marine and Marine organiza-
tions, from fire teams to Marine Expeditionary Brigades, with the requisite skills to
meet their assigned mission essential tasks. This training is enhanced with the integra-
tion of modeling, simulation, and training systems.
As the Marine Corps reduces force levels in Iraq and at the same time continues
combat operations in Afghanistan, we are simultaneously reconstituting the force to
ensure our ability to meet both current and future requirements. Looking toward the
uncertain future, we will continue to maintain our irregular warfare skills developed in
support of Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom, while also revitalizing
core skills required to maintain a truly multi-capable force able to prosecute actions
across the Range of Military Operations.
Future conflicts will likely consist of a hybrid of conventional war, irregular chal-
lenges, terrorism and criminal activities, involving states, proxy forces, and armed
groups. Preparing the Marine Corps for hybrid challenges in complex environments
requires proficiency across six core competencies as outlined in the Marine Corps
Vision and Strategy 2025.
To meet these challenges, the Marine Corps Training and Education Command
will provide a training environment that is responsive and relevant, preparing indi-
vidual Marines and Marine Corps units via targeted, progressive training and continu-
ous assessment.
185
Individual and MAGTF Training
Our individual training begins at cific, such as the Type Commander Am-
our recruit depots where young men phibious Training. We will prepare Ma-
and women are transformed into United rine Air Ground Task Forces (MAGTFs)
States Marines through a thorough in- by training alongside the Navy through
doctrination to our history, customs and such exercises as amphibious landing ex-
traditions, thereby imbuing them with ercises and Marine Expeditionary Brigade
the mental, moral and physical founda- (MEB) exercises.
tion necessary for successful service to Combined Arms Exercise Next
Corps and Country. Our training devel- (CAX-Next). TECOM is developing
ops physically fit, tactically and technical- the next generation of battalion, regi-
ly proficient warriors of high moral char- ment, and MEB-level combined arms
acter with a bias for action, possessing exercise program. This program will be
the courage to make ethically sound deci- similar in scale to the type of combined
sions, and capable of properly preparing arms training that was conducted prior
and leading Marines to successfully ac- to Operations Iraqi Freedom and En-
complish their units mission in combat. during Freedom and the Mojave Viper
As Marines progress through the ranks, pre-deployment training program. It
they develop skills within and beyond will include all elements of the MAGTF
their military occupational specialty that including command elements, ground
will allow them to perform challenging combat elements, logistics combat ele-
missions across a wide range of military ments, and aviation combat elements.
operations. As we look towards an un- CAX-Next will provide the force with
certain future, a primary individual train- the combined arms skills that make the
ing focus area for the Marine Corps is the MAGTF a force multiplier, as well as con-
improvement of our small unit leaders
tinue to reinforce the skills necessary for
intuitive ability to assess, decide, and act
counter insurgency operations.
while operating in a more decentralized
MAGTF Large-Scale Exercise (LSE).
manner.
The MAGTF LSE is a Marine Expedition-
ary Brigade and Marine Expeditionary
MAGTF Training Force-level exercise program within a
Amphibious Core Training. The joint context that will include live/vir-
Marine Corps is developing and refining tual/constructive training linked through
key training programs to reinvigorate our a supporting network across the United
amphibious capability. The Training and States and with amphibious forces afloat.
Education Command (TECOM) is pre- MAGTF LSE will increase joint and
paring individual Marines through train- amphibious capabilities as the Marine
ing and education at the Marine Corps Corps reconstitutes its full amphibious
Expeditionary Warfare School, the Ma- capability.
rine Corps Command and Staff College,
and various courses at the Expeditionary
Warfare Training Groups Atlantic and Pa-
186
chapter 3: programs
Joint, Intergovernmental, and Multi-national (JIM) Training
Leveraging several joint initiatives Interagency Cooperation and

from the Office of the Secretary of De- Training. In order to increase realism and
fense (OSD), the Chairman Joint Chief meet mission training standards at pre-
of Staff, and the U.S. Joint Forces Com- deployment training programs, TECOM
mand, TECOM incorporates joint, in- leverages the Department of Defense In-
teragency, and multinational training teragency Request Process in identifying
context into dynamic, capabilities-based USMC Interagency participation require-
training in support of national security ments for our U.S. Government Agency
requirements. partners. Additionally, through efforts
Joint Training. Through the OSD- with U.S. Agency for International Devel-
sponsored Joint National Training Ca- opment, the Security Cooperation Edu-
pability (JNTC), TECOM has integrated cation and Training Center, and MCTOG,
specific joint context solutions to identi- deploying units have been trained in the
fied joint training shortfalls at U.S. Marine use of the Tactical Conflict Assessment
Corps Joint National Training Capability- and Planning Framework that assists
accredited programs: Marine Air Ground Commanders with identifying the root
Task Force Training Command, 29 Palms, causes of instability in their location, and
CA; Marine Aviation Weapons and Tac- target efforts to address these problems.
tics Squadron-1 (MAWTS-1), Yuma, TECOM assists the State Departments
AZ; Marine Air Ground Task Force Staff Foreign Service Institute by instructing a
Training Program, Quantico, VA; Moun- Military Culture class during the month-
tain Warfare Training Center, Bridgeport, ly Iraq Provincial Reconstruction Team
CA; and Marine Corps Tactics and Op- (PRT) Orientation and Afghanistan Fa-
erations Group (MCTOG), 29 Palms, CA. miliarization Courses.
The JNTC also provides several tools that Multi-national Training. TECOMs
support the incorporation of joint train- intent is to build robust training rela-
ing into service Title X responsibilities. tionships with multi-national partners
One of these tools is the Joint Training through the development of an institu-
Enterprise Network (JTEN) that is the tionally sound strategy to improve in-
communications network for JNTC. The teroperability. One area focuses on Opera-
JTEN is a high-capacity, rapidly reconfig- tional level interaction, primarily through
urable network that supports joint train- coordination and reciprocal participa-
ing exercises, experimentation, and the tion in Mission Rehearsal Exercises with
evaluation of new warfighting concepts. partner nations which USMC units are
Additionally, it allows for inter- and intra- frequently adjacent to during current op-
service forces to link simulation networks erations. Additionally, institutional-level
in order to train in a live, virtual and con- interoperability is being pursued through
structive environment that blends live staff and instructor exchange programs in
tactical forces with manned simulators respective training organizations.
and sophisticated computer models.
187
Pre-deployment Training Program (PTP)
To prepare Marines and the operating within a unit. Core Capabilities are the
forces for the current fights and operating essential collective functions a unit must
environments, The Training and Educa- be capable of performing during extend-
tion Command (TECOM) developed an ed combat operations. For battalion-
extensive PTP based on the Pre-Deploy- sized units, Block 2 is company-level and
ment Training Continuum. The PTP es- below training. For squadrons, Block 2 is
tablishes a coherent progression of skill- Core Skills refinement and flight leader-
level training, conducted by commanders, ship development, normally single ship
and evaluated at PTP Mission Rehearsal through division flight operations.
Exercises (MRX). Training is conducted in Block 3: Block 3 training is based on
four nested blocks in ascending compe- unit Mission Essential Tasks and consists
tency levels. Marine Expeditionary Force of Advanced Core Capabilities (or Core
commanders determine what level of Plus for Aviation) Training conducted
competency is required for each deploy- by a unit and by the units higher head-
ing unit based on mission essential task quarters. For battalion-sized units, Block
analysis, set unit priority for service level 3 is battalion-level training. For Aviation
training events, and ensure units partici- units, Block 3 is squadron level integra-
pating in service-level training events have tion with adjacent aviation and supported
appropriate support attachments during ground units utilizing formalized Com-
respective blocks of training. The PTP mand and Control functions to perform
Continuum is comprised of: assigned METs to their required output
Block 1: Block 1A and 1B training standards.
consist of Sustained Core Skills Training, Block 4: Block 4 training is battalion/
Core Plus Skills Training, and Marine squadron-level core competency training
Corps Common Skills (MCCS) Sustain- and is also known as the units Mission
ment Training. Core Plus Skills are those Rehearsal Exercise (MRX). Block 4 train-
combat-focused skills that are environ- ing is a units graduation predeployment
ment, mission, rank or billet specific and training exercise and is individually-tai-
are developed after a Marine is assigned to lored to support and assess a units ability
an operational unit. Block 1 training also to perform tasks on its assigned mission
includes formal schools training. Career METL(s). Battalion and higher deploying
progression training is critical to effective units will typically undergo a TECOM-
building block training and the intent is supported MRX. Deploying units that
for all incoming leaders to have received do not participate in an MRX complete
the appropriate schooling prior to be- an Alternate Mission Rehearsal Exercise
that is supported by the parent Marine
ginning the units collective training. For
Expeditionary Force. The MRX provides
aviation units, Block 1 provides resident
information for the MEF Commanding
instructor development, certification, and
Generals unit certification process.
sustainment of qualifications/designa-
tions of individual aircrew and maintain-
ers for annual training requirements. Enhanced Mojave Viper
Block 2: Block 2 training consists Conducted aboard the Marine Corps
of Core Capabilities Training conducted Air-Ground Combat Center (MCAGCC)
188
chapter 3: programs
in 29 Palms, CA, Enhanced Mojave Viper Course at the Mountain Warfare Training
is a 28-day full-spectrum exercise that Center (MWTC), near Bridgeport, CA.
focuses on providing a service-level as- Other local training areas are also used,
sessment of battalions and squadrons in including Hawthorne Army Depot at
preparation for deployment. The exercise Hawthorne, NV; Naval Air Station Fallon,
force composition consists of two in- NV; and Lucky Boy Pass (off-road driving
fantry battalions, a combat logistics bat- and counter-Improvised Explosive Device
talion, and three flying squadrons (fixed
training). This course provides the oppor-
wing, rotary wing, and assault support).
tunity for theater-specific pre-deployment
Throughout the 28-day exercise, units
undergo full-spectrum training in of- training for USMC battalions and regi-
fensive operations, defensive operations, mental staffs deploying to Afghanistan.
Military Operations Other Than War and The course consists of scalable, tailored
Counter Insurgency. Under various con- training packages for units ranging in
ditions to include desert, limited visibility, size from the company to battalion with
urban, rural, joint, and interagency, units a regimental headquarters. Currently,
are provided a live-fire, combined-arms Marine ground combat forces deploying
training venue that closely resembles to Afghanistan conduct pre-deployment
the conditions they will operate in once training during Exercise Mojave Viper,
deployed. with training modified to be Afghanistan-
specific. A variation of Exercise Moun-
Exercise Mountain tain Warrior conducted at MWTC and
Warrior MCAGCC will likely serve as the mission
Mountain Warrior is the Block 3 Ma- rehearsal exercise for USMC forces de-
rine Air Ground Task Force Operations ploying to Afghanistan in the future.
Pre-deployment Training Continuum

Figure 1
189
Multi-Capable Training Ranges
Marine Corps combat readiness de- The Corps has made significant in-
pends on the continued availability of vestments in range instrumentation, tar-
Ranges and Training Areas (RTAs) that gets, and simulation technologies to up-
provide realistic, mission-oriented train- grade and modernize training. However,
ing in complex environments. The Ma- there remain areas of significant concern.
rine Corps Training and Education Current range-complex configurations
Command (TECOM) has identified a are not optimal for todays training re-
comprehensive set of Corps-wide range quirements, and they will not be adequate
requirements. These requirements are for future weapons systems. Our current
articulated in a Marine Corps Reference
Publication, which defines the uncon- range complexes provide insufficient un-
strained range capabilities needed for constrained maneuver space for Marine
accomplishing both urgent immediate Air Ground Task Force training. Our
and anticipated future training needs. In range-planning initiatives aim at address-
that regard, TECOM has established six ing these concerns to assure our ability to
cornerstone objectives for transforming meet future training requirements. Spe-
RTAs: cific issues include:
1. P reserve and enhance the live-fire Marine Expeditionary Brigade-level fire
combined arms training capabilities and maneuver training area
of Marine Corps Air Ground Combat East Coast aviation training range to ac-
Center/Marine Air Ground Task Force commodate the increased airspace and
Training Command, 29 Palms, CA and weapons requirements of precision-
Marine Corps Air Station, Yuma Range guided munitions and the F-35 Joint
Complex, AZ. Strike Fighter
2. Recapture the Marine Air Ground Train- Enhanced training opportunities for
ing Force (MAGTF) and unit training Marine units stationed in the Pacific
capabilities of the nations two premier
littoral training areas, Camp Lejeune, The Marine Corps has made con-
NC, and Camp Pendleton, CA. siderable progress in the past seven years
3. L everage technology to support every on cataloging, assessing, managing, and
level of training with a goal of provid- funding critical RTA complexes. There
ing timely and objective feedback to has been progress in identifying and
the training audience. quantifying the impacts of encroachment
4. H onor our commitments to protecting and incorporating those assessments into
the environment, while preserving and a comprehensive range management
enhancing our ability to conduct live- system. Important investments have been
fire and maneuver training. made to enhance range maintenance and
5. E nsure that our training complexes are
modernization programs. In early 2010,
available to, and capable of support-
ing, cross-Service training. all major Marine Corps installations are
6. S upport the emerging Joint National undergoing range modernization. The
Training Capability with the com- Mission-Capable Ranges initiative is sup-
mon range infrastructure and systems ported by the acquisition program for
architecture to ensure effective joint Range Modernization/Transformation
training. program.
190
chapter 3: programs
Modeling and Simulation (M&S)
MAGTF Training Simulations Divi- vehicle, and aviation simulation systems to

sion (MTSD), a directorate of the TECOM, enable better training capabilities among
has established a training modeling and critical MAGTF building blocks.
simulation community of interest to fa- The U.S. Joint Forces Command re-
cilitate information exchange and address cently approved and funded TECOMs
specific focus areas, such as infantry skills request to integrate the Marine Corps
simulations, staff training environments, MAGTF Tactical Warfare Simulation sys-
and simulation system Integration, In- tem into its joint live, virtual, and con-
teroperability, Interconnectivity, Com- structive (JLVC) federation. This incor-
patibility and networking. Participants in poration will provide higher simulation
this forum are drawn from throughout fidelity of MAGTF and amphibious op-
the Marine Corps and industry. With this erations in joint exercises and enable the
forums input, MTSD is writing a train- Marine Corps to better leverage the many
ing modeling and simulation strategy and JLVC tools to support Service training and
master plan that will meet MAGTF train- Combatant Commander regional engage-
ing needs. ment exercises. TECOM is pursuing ap-
Small-unit training is receiving par- propriate linkages among existing Marine
ticular focus by TECOM to prepare Ma- Corps simulations to provide more robust
rines for contemporary and future operat- capabilities and examining simulations
ing environments. For squad-level training that address Political, Military, Economic,
needs, TECOM is building upon the In- Social, Infrastructure, and Information
fantry Immersion Trainer (IIT) facility de- issues.
veloped by I Marine Expeditionary Force Finally, TECOM is conducting an as-
(MEF) to institutionalize this capability sessment of live, virtual, and constructive
for the other MEFs. The IIT provides a key training environment capabilities. This
bridge to TECOMs future squad training analysis will identify gaps in the Marine
initiative, the Squad Immersive Training Corps ability to link different current ca-
Environment (SITE) program. SITE is pabilities and delineate integration stan-
envisioned as a multifaceted toolkit of dards for future capabilities. TECOM is ex-
integrated live, virtual, and constructive amining networking requirements to link
training capabilities that commanders can simulation systems with each other and
leverage to train their small units at all with live domain capabilities, and as well
points along the training continuum. The as provide access to existing Marine Corps,
SITE toolkit is predicted to include IIT, joint, interagency, and multinational part-
current virtual training systems appropri- ner training and modeling simulation net-
ate for small units, and future capabili- works. Such a network would support dis-
ties that leverage emerging technologies. tributed training venues between MAGTF
In support of the Enhanced Company elements, enable large-scale MAGTF exer-
Operations concept, MTSD is examining cises, and facilitate Marine Corps partici-
the networking of selected staff training, pation in joint, interagency, and multina-
combined arms, combat convoy, combat tional exercises.
191
Collective Training Systems

Combined Arms Command and Control Training Upgrade
System (CACCTUS)
Description commanders and their battle staffs to

CACCTUS is a combined arms staff train or rehearse combined arms tactics,
training system that, when fully fielded, techniques and procedures and decision-
will enable comprehensive Marine Corps making processes. In addition, CAC-
staff, unit, and team training at home CTUS will provide training across a live,
station Combined Arms Staff Training virtual, and constructive training network
(CAST) facilities and through distributed through interoperability with appropriate
training involving CAST facilities across C4I systems in a training environment.
the Marine Corps. CACCTUS is an up-
grade to the USMCs CAST that provides Program Status
fire-support training for the Marine Air
CACCTUS is fielded and providing
Ground Task Force (MAGTF) elements
Battalion Level training at MAGTF Train-
up to and including the Marine Expedi-
ing Center 29 Palms, CA, and II Marine
tionary Brigade level. CACCTUS is envi-
Expeditionary Force (MEF) Camp LeJe-
sioned to provide a capability to tie into
une, NC, and will achieve Initial Opera-
existing systems such as MAGTF Tactical
tional Capability in November 2009. Cur-
Warfare Simulation.
rent CAST facilities at III MEF Okinawa,
Japan; I MEF Camp Pendleton, CA; and
Operational Impact Kaneohe Bay, HI will be upgraded to
Using the system components and CACCTUS and all five sites will be op-
simulation capabilities, two- and three- erating with CACCTUS Version 5.1 by
dimension visuals, interfaced Command, May 2010.
Control, Communication, Computers,
and Intelligence (C4I), synthetic terrain, Procurement Profile: FY 2010 FY 2011
and an After Action Review, the concept Quantity: 3 0
of operations for the CACCTUS system
is to immerse the trainees in a realistic, Developer/Manufacturer:
scenario-driven environment to enable Cole Engineering Services Inc., Orlando, FL
192
chapter 3: programs
Combat Vehicle Training System (CVTS)
Description The LAV-25 systems (institutional/

The CVTS for the M1A1 Main Battle desktop/table top (FY2010)) are fielded
Tank, Light Armored Vehicle (LAV) and at the following active units: Camp Pend-
Assault Amphibious Vehicle (AAV) pro- leton, CA (6/2/11); Camp Lejeune, NC
vides gunnery and tactical training on (4/1/8); 29 Palms, CA (4/0/8); and Oki-
these vehicles. The M1A1 and LAV-25 re- nawa, JP (1/1/0) and the following reserve
quirements are satisfied by the Advanced units: Camp Pendleton, CA (0/0/1); Ft De-
Gunnery Training System (AGTS). The trick, MD (1/1/3); Riverton, UT (1/0/3);
AAV requirements are satisfied by the Camp Upshur, VA (1/1/1); Syracuse, NY
AAV-Turret Trainer (AAV-TT). (1/0/1); and Eastover, SC (1/1/3).
The AAV-TT systems (institutional/
deployable (FY 2011)) are fielded at the
Operational Impact
following active units: Camp Lejeune,
The AGTS and AAV-TT provide the
NC (3/3); Camp Pendleton, CA (5/5); 29
ability to train M1A1, LAV-25, and AAV
Palms, CA (1/1); Kaneohe Bay, HI (1/1);
crewmembers to approved standards of
and Okinawa, JP (1/1), and the following
combat skills and readiness. The end state
reserve units: (Tampa, FL (1/1); Norfolk,
systems are institutional, deployable, and
table-top (M1A1/LAV-25) systems sup- VA (1/1); Gulfport, MS (1/1), Jackson-
porting individual, collective (crew, sec- ville, FL (1/1), and Galveston, TX (1/1).
tion, and platoon), combined arms, and
joint training scenarios.
M1A1 Tabletops 31 0
M1A1-DAGTS 0 6
Program Status LAV Tabletops 39 0
The M1A1 systems (institutional/ LAV-DAGTS 0 17
desktop/table top (FY 2010) ) are fielded AAVTT 0 0
at the following active units: 29 Palms, CA
(4/3/10) and Camp Lejeune, NC (4/3/10) Developer/Manufacturer:
and the following reserve units: Camp Lockheed Martin, Orlando, FL.; TJ Inc.,
Pendleton, CA (3/1/5); Yakima, WA Orlando, FL; Naval Air Warfare Center
(1/0/1); Boise, ID (1/0/1); 29 Palms, CA Training Systems Division, Orlando, FL.
(1/0/1); Ft Knox, KY (1/1/1); and Camp
Lejeune, NC (1/0/1).
193
Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF)

Tactical Warfare Simulation (MTWS)

MTWS is the Marine Corps only In 2009, MTWS was selected by US
aggregate-level constructive simulation Joint Forces Command to participate as a
system designed to support the training federate simulation in the Joint Live-Vir-
of Senior Commanders and their staffs in tual-Constructive federation supporting
command and control processes and pro- the Joint National Training Capability.
cedures. The system provides interactive, MTWS has been the combat simulation
multi-sided, force-on-force, real-time system used to support I Marine Expe-
modeling and simulation with stand- ditionary Force (MEF) and II MEF Mis-
sion Rehearsal Exercise (MRX) prior to
alone tactical combat scenarios for air
Operation Iraqi Freedom deployment,
ground, surface, and amphibious opera-
MEF-level exercises at III MEF, Weapon
tions. and Tactics Instructor course in Yuma,
7th Marines Regimental MRX at the Ma-
Operational Impact rine Corps Tactics and Operations Group,
With interfaces to fielded Marine Eastern Cross exercises at the Expedition-
Corps C4I systems such as Command ary Warfare School, coalition exercises
and Control Personal Computer and In- with the Royal Thai Supreme Command,
and numerous Battalion Command Post
telligence Operations Server, MTWS pro-
Exercises.
vides the battle staff the ability to seam-
lessly train with and use their Command, Procurement Profile: FY 2010 FY 2011
Control, Communications, Computers Quantity: 0 0
and Intelligence systems during the ex-
ecution on an MTWS supported training Developer/Manufacturer:
event. Through the implementation of a L-3 Communications, Command &
High Level Architecture interface between Control Systems and Software Division,
MTWS and the entity-level Joint Conflict Eatontown, NJ
and Tactical Simulation (JCATS) system,
high-resolution tactical objectives can be
simulated in JCATS and reflected within
the context of a larger operational sce-
nario conducted in MTWS.
194
chapter 3: programs
Combat Convoy Simulator (CCS)

The CCS is an immersive training The CCS is the third generation of
environment for convoy operations that convoy trainers procured through the full
include basic procedures for driver, gun- and open competitive acquisition pro-
ner, and passengers in tactical scenarios cess. In first quarter FY 2008, Lockheed
related to combat operations. Martin, Simulations Training & Support,
Orlando, FL, was awarded the contract to
manufacture up to nine Combat Convoy
Operational Impact Simulators. As of October 2009, trainers
The simulator provides instruction had been fielded to Camp Pendleton, CA,
in convoy operations including; resupply, Kaneohe Bay, HI, and Camp Lejeune, NC.
patrol, logistics support, high-value target The Naval Expeditionary Combat Com-
extraction, Medical Evacuation, call for mand has purchased two trainers, the
close air support, call for fire and training first of which has been fielded to Gulf-
in convoy tactics, techniques, procedures port, MS; the second will be fielded by
and use of weapons in compliance with second quarter FY 2010 at Point Mugu,
the Rules of Engagement. The CCS also CA. Future Marine Corps fielding in-
cludes Mojave Viper, Marine Corps Air
provides training for both vehicle opera-
Ground Combat Center 29 Palms, CA,
tors and individuals in vehicle and small
and Okinawa, Japan.
arms weapon use, command and control,
and Improvised Explosive Device attacks, Procurement Profile: FY 2010 FY 2011
response, and countermeasures. CCS Quantity: 2 0
provides guidance for Marines to respond
to ambush attack and evolving enemy Developer/Manufacturer:
tactics in Military Operations on Urban Lockheed Martin, Simulations Training &
Terrain settings. Support, Orlando, FL
195
Deployable Virtual Training Environment (DVTE)
er platforms.
Another component of
DVTE is the Virtual Battle Space 2
(VBS2), version 1.3, which trains
Marines on everything from
command and control to convoy
standard operating procedures.
VBS2 provides a three-dimen-
sional synthetic environment
for tactical training required by
Marines.
Operational Impact
Description DVTE is part of a Com-
The DVTE is a laptop personal commanders training toolkit contributing
puter based simulation system capable of to the building-block approach to stan-
emulating organic and supporting Infan- dards-based training focusing on achiev-
try Battalion weapons systems and training improved levels of combat readiness.
ing scenarios to facilitate Training and
Readiness manual training. Its portable Program Status
configuration allows Marines to train One hundred and twelve DVTE suites
in areas where there are few options for have been fielded to the Battle Simulation
training; garrison, aboard ship, at remote Centers and active duty Marine units of
reserve locations, and deployed. DVTE I Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF), II
training includes language and culture MEF, and III MEF and to various school-
training, platoon and squad level tac- houses, including the Basic School and
tics, employment of supporting arms, School of Infantry. Fifty-two DVTE suites
and various Recognition of Combatants have been fielded to Marine Forces Re-
packages. serve at training sites in 25 states. The
The supporting arms component of fielding of the remaining suites to the ac-
DVTE is accomplished by the Combined tive and reserve forces will be completed
Arms Network (CAN). The CAN version in FY 2010.
1.3.1 is comprised of Assault Amphibious
Vehicle, M1A1, Light Armored Vehicle, Procurement Profile: FY 2010 FY 2011
and AH-1 connected to the Joint Semi Quantity: 100 0
Autonomous Force for training forward
observers and forward air controllers. The Developer/Manufacturer:
CAN connects to select Marine Corps Lockheed Martin, Burlington, MA; Alion
gear, Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Science and Technology, Norfolk, VA; AVT
Data System, Strikelink, and the Raven-B Simulation, Orlando, FL; Mobius Industries,
and Shadow systems, to allow training on Bellevue, WA; Bohemia Interactive, NSW
Australia
a wide variety of fire-support and observ-
196
chapter 3: programs
Range Training Systems

Range Modernization/Transformation (RM/T)

The RM/T program modernizes RM/T links Marine Corps live train-
major Marine Corps live training ranges ing to the tenets of Training Transforma-
with a dynamic training system capable tionJoint National Training Capability
of real-time and post-mission battle and Joint Assessment and Evaluation Ca-
tracking, data collection and the deliver- pability. Instrumentation allows Service
ance of value-added After Action Review. and joint virtual and constructive forces
Interface with installation Command and to interact with Marine Corps live train-
Control training centers (e.g., Battle Staff ing forces from distributed locations.
Training Facility, Combined Arms Staff Eventually expanded to incorporate co-
Trainer, and Battle Staff Simulation Cen- alition forces, Marine Air Ground Task
ter) is paramount to producing multiple- Force live training in open and urban ter-
scenario events that deliver relevant and rain is enhanced by providing capabili-
realistic training. Integrating live and ties to conduct realistic training. This will
simulated training technologies, the field- exercise all battlefield operating systems,
ed capabilities actively enhance live-fire, and allow continuous assessment of per-
force-on-target, and force-on-force train- formance, interoperability and identifica-
ing through extensive after-action review tion of emerging requirements.
with ground truth feedback (objective
versus subjective), realistic representation Program Status
of opposing forces, and enhanced range Sponsored by the Range and Training
and exercise control capabilities. Area Management Division, Training and
197
ments, ground position location systems,

instrumented tactical engagement simu-
lation systems, opposing forces threat
systems (including targets), and data col-
lection systems in order to instrument
the live training environment at multiple
Marine Corps Bases and Stations during
2010. A parallel effort is enhancing the
RM/T Data Collection System (Marine
Corps-Instrumented Training System)
Education Command and managed by to provide interface of Improvised Ex-
Program Manager Training Systems, Ma- plosive Device and Joint Counter Radio-
rine Corps Systems Command, RM/T is controlled Improvised Explosive Device
the capability end state guiding integrated Electronic Warfare System surrogate de-
design of live fire training programs of re- vices with live training audiences and to
cord that upgrade Marine Corps training extend the R/MT Data Collection System
capabilities in an incremental manner. functions from exercise design through
Development and production efforts are playback and after-action review.
under way for urban training environ-
198
chapter 3: programs
Combined Arms Military Operations in Urban Terrain

(CAMOUT) Training System
Operational Impact
Within CAMOUT, Marines are con-
fronted with a full range of tactical chal-
lenges from humanitarian relief efforts
to peacekeeping and law enforcement
to direct combat. All these scenarios can
be encountered in a complex urban set-
ting within a relatively brief timeframe or
small physical area, known as the three
block war.

CAMOUT provides a realistic en- In early 2010, three CAMOUT urban
vironment to support a variety of train- districts are being employed, along with
ing tasks related to the deployment and role players and atmospherics in support
maneuvers in an urban setting for the of enhancing Mojave Viper exercises.
Marine Expeditionary Brigade (MEB)
and its constituent elements. CAMOUT Procurement Profile: FY 2010 FY 2011
enables MEBs to conduct training in an CAMOUT 3 0
environment that resembles real world
urban conditions. CAMOUT provides a Developer/Manufacturer:
challenging and complex urban training Allied Containers System, Pleasant Hill, CA
environment that replicates the difficul-
ties units face as they communicate, co-
ordinate, maintain situational awareness,
navigate, and track urban operations.
199
Home Station Training Lanes (HSTL)
Description Home Station Military Operations in Ur-

HSTL are designed to provide coun- ban Terrain Training System, HS Training
ter-Improvised Explosive Device (IED) Lanes incorporates real world condi-
training environments, which provide tions that focus on the terrain and the
real world training challenges. These potential threat of IEDs.
environments are constructed to include
pedestrian and vehicle lanes for train- Program Status
ing on individual and unit (mounted/
Currently the IED Training Lanes are
dismounted) IED awareness and reac- being installed, one at Camp Pendleton,
tion, route clearing operations and search CA. and one at Marine Air Ground Task
techniques and procedures. In addi- Force Training Center, 29 Palms, CA.
tion to the pedestrian and vehicle lanes, Both facilities incorporate multiple lanes
these training environments incorporate for both foot and vehicle traffic and have
structures used to replicate urban en- MOUT training facilities installed to sim-
vironments experienced during route ulate market places, villages, mosques and
clearance and IED defeat missions. The other structures found within the theater
structures replicate mosques, industrial of operation. Both locations will be com-
buildings, schools, hospitals, government pleted and operational this calendar year.
buildings and market places in an effort
to provide an accurate representation of Procurement Profile: FY 2010 FY 2011
scenarios experienced within the theater Quantity: 3 0
of operation.
Operational Impact Parsons Corporation, Pasadena, CA.
Like the capabilities within the
Combined Arms Military Operations in
Urban Terrain training system and the
200
chapter 3: programs
Infantry Immersive Trainer (IIT)
Description and Fire Team capstone training and

IITs are small-unit training ranges evaluation in support of Pre-deployment
consisting of urban structures finished Training Program (PTP) Phase III. Train-
and decorated to replicate geo-specific ing lessons learned are also collected to
locations. Unique from first generation form requirements basis for the Marine
MOUT training facilities, individual Corps future Squad Immersive Training
feedback is enhanced by the ranges inte- Environment.
gration and pairing with direct fire train-
ing systems, virtual simulation screens
Program Status
and windows, and video instrumentation
for after action review to create a small This effort uses existing Marine
unit training range on par with modern Corps-wide procurement vehicles to pro-
crew simulators. Integration of addition- vide Home Station MOUT non-live fire
al live training instrumentation systems, structures and Tactical Video Capture
and live role players is accomplished by System After Action Review. Developed
exercise design. The indoor and outdoor immersive effects initially fielded only to
training environments highly replicate IITs will also be applies to Home Station
current operational theaters by stimulat- MOUT training ranges when company
ing all senses to stress small-unit actions and battalion training objectives warrant
and the small-unit leaders tactical, mor- the training benefit derived.
al, and ethical decision making within the
context of operational culture. Procurement Profile: FY 2010 FY 2011
Quantity: 2 1
Operational Impact Parsons Corporation, Pasadena, CA; Global
IITs provide a small-unit decision Security and Engineering Solutioins/L-3
and rehearsal training range for Squad Corporation, Chantilly, VA; others TBD
201
Ground-Position Location Information (G-PLI) Systems
Description will consist of the following type com-

Integrated Global Positioning Sys- ponents: Small Arms Transmitter (SAT),
tem (GPS) Radio System (IGRS). The Man-worn Detection System (MDS),
IGRS is a developmental effort which Command and Control (C2 - mobile &
supports the tracking of dismounted portable versions), and Military Opera-
troops and vehicles in open terrain by tions in Urban Terrain (MOUT) Building
augmenting Marines and vehicular Mul- Instrumentation, and Simulated Battle-
tiple Integrated Laser Engagement System field Weapons. The SAT will be used on
(MILES) tactical engagement simulation the M4 and M16 type rifles and the M249
systems with a GPS and Radio Frequency Squad Automatic Weapon. The MDS and
(RF) based tracking system. This system range equipment will be used to instru-
is specifically designed for use at Marine ment the individual Marine for direct
Air Ground Task Force Training Center force-on-force engagement adjudica-
29 Palms, CA across the fixed range in- tion and to include the ability to support
frastructure. instrumentation functions such as PLI
Deployable Instrumented Training reporting. The I-TESS system will be
System (DITS). DITS supports the track- used in MOUT Facilities and Non-Live
ing of dismounted troops and vehicles in Fire Maneuver Ranges located at various
open terrain by instrumenting Marine Marine Corp bases and installations.
Corps personnel and vehicles with a GPS
and RF based (Ultra High Frequency)
Operational Impact
tracking system. This system is a Com-
The Marine Corps requires training
mercial Off the Shelf (COTS)-based
systems that provide real-time situation
product optimized for non-permanent
awareness, exercise control capabilities,
infrastructure. DITS can track 1,200 par-
and adjudicate indirect fire engagements
ticipants simultaneously. This system can
so as to help facilitate the training exer-
be used with room association devices to
cise objectives. There is a need to collect
provide fully integrated indoor tracking.
the training actions/interactions of the
After Action Review (AAR) data is gath-
Marines during the training exercise with
ered on the fly and exported to a presen-
the ability to provide immediate access
tation program that can display time syn-
of collected data for After Action Review
ched text, images, video, and audio. Unit
purposes.
commanders can request a take-home
package that will play on any Windows-
based computer system. Program Status
Instrumented Tactical Engagement G-PLI achieved Program of Re-
System (I-TESS). I-TESS will be used cord status as an Abbreviated Acqui-
to support direct force-on-force tacti- sition Program. 520 units of IGRS
cal engagement training. This system and 991 units of DITS have been de-
202
chapter 3: programs
livered. I-TESS will be delivered as Procurement Profile: FY 2010 FY 2011

follows: Quantity: 1200 1200
I-TESS 2400 units will be delivered
to Quantico, Camp Lejeune, Camp Pend- Developer/Manufacturer:
leton, Hawaii, and 29 Palms SAAB Training USA, Orlando, FL
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA
203
Marine Corp Instrumentation Training System (MC-ITS)

MC-ITS is an exercise control and MC-ITS will integrate live training
after action review base-system capable with other simulation environments to
of monitoring real-time live training provide the doctrinally correct battlespace
and exercises for the purposes of instru- and Marine Air Ground Task Force ele-
mentation data collection, analysis, and ments needed to provide tactical and op-
review. MC-ITS will provide the capabil- erational realism for integrated training.
ity to simultaneously support multiple
training exercises. It will provide objec-
Program Status
tive data collection and analysis of unit
1 company level set will be delivered
performance in force-on- force, force-
to 29 Palms in FY 2010, 2 battalion level
on-target, Live Fire, and associated Com-
sets will be delivered to 29 Palms in FY11;
mand Post Exercises. The system will
with follow on to all locations where Tac-
collate training feedback materials from
tical Video Capture System and I-Tactical
varied training support and simulation
Engagement Simulation Systems will be
systems to provide a comprehensive After
deployed. This system was developed by
Action Review (AAR) package for associ-
Unitech/Riptide.
ated training elements. MC-ITS training
capabilities will additionally enhance the
procedures in the employment of Opera-
Quantity: 1 2
tional Counter Radio-controlled Impro-
vised Explosive Device Electronic Warfare
System devices by integrated training ca-
Lockheed Martin (Unitech) and Riptide,
pabilities of the Counter Radio Electronic
Orlando, FL
Warfare 2 and Marine Corps-Training
Improvised Explosive Device training de-
vices. This integration extends real-time
visualization, Situational Awareness, and
AAR for Counter-IED training.
204
chapter 3: programs
Tactical Video Capture System (TVCS)

The TVCS provides video-based Real- This system is presently seeking Pro-
Time Visualization, Situation Awareness, gram of Record status as Acquisition Cat-
and After Action Review (AAR) capabili- egory IV (M). Installation completion
ties. The TVCS will support these capa- at MCB Camp Pendleton is expected in
bilities by using a video-stitching process FY 2010. Additionally, in first quarter
that combines raw/captured video from FY 2009, the Joint Improvised Explosive
multiple cameras into a single wide-pan- Device Defeat Organization (JIEDDO) in
oramic view. The panoramic view is used collaboration with the Marine Corps and
in real-time to observe Marines Urban The U.S. Navy Expeditionary Combat
Warfare tactics and for later use during Command identified the need to support
group and individual AAR evaluation JIEDDOs mission to identify and defeat
sessions. The TVCS AAR will also allow the device requirement. To support this
for insertion of text, graphics, 3D views, critical training, JIEDDO funded and
and audio. sponsored procurement of eight TVCS
for Home Station Training Lanes at three
Marine Corps and five Navy sites.
Operational Impact
TVCS synchronized video play back Procurement Profile: FY 2010 FY 2011
of urban maneuver allows identification Quantity: 8 8
of training friction points supporting af-
ter action reviews at various USMC Mili- Developer/Manufacturer:
tary Operations in Urban Terrain train- Global Security and Engineering
ing venues. Solutioins/L-3 Corporation, Chantilly, VA
205
Culture & Language Training Systems

Operational Language & Culture Training System (OLCTS)

OLCTS provides interactive language OLCTS provides a repository and
and culture training packages designed to common framework for shared language
shrink training time by using computer- and culture training packages relevant
based interactive training and a common to Marine Corps operations world wide.
architecture that allow sharing of content OLCTS will provide initial acquisition
across multiple training delivery plat- and sustainment language and culture
forms. This pedagogical framework sup- training that enable Marines to become
ports continuous learning by the Marine culturally and linguistically adept to per-
throughout the deployment and mission form any mission, anywhere, and any-
planning cycles. The language and culture time.
packages are available on desktop, laptop,
web based, hand-held and mission-re- Program Status
hearsal training platforms. Trainees com- Products are currently available are:
municate using a speaker-independent Iraqi; Pashto; Dari; Sahel French.
continuous speech recognition system
with animated characters representing Procurement Profile: FY 2010 FY 2011
local people in simulated mission scenar- 2 2
ios implemented on top of a commercial
gaming engine using Situated Culture Developer/Manufacturer:
Methodology and artificial intelligence Alelo, Tactical Language Training,
technology. Los Angeles, CA
206
chapter 3: programs
Virtual Cultural Awareness Trainer (VCAT)
Description Horn of Africa area of responsibility. The

The VCAT, sponsored by the US Joint mission areas include civil affairs, secu-
Forces Command, is a Sharable Content rity cooperation and humanitarian relief
Object Reference Model compliant web- missions for both junior and senior lead-
based cultural awareness training game ers. VCAT will provide cultural awareness
integrated with the Atlas Pro learning training that enables Marines to become
management system and delivered via culturally adept to perform any mission,
Joint Knowledge Online. VCAT provides anywhere and anytime.
immersive training for joint warriors de-
ploying to the Horn of Africa for multiple Program Status
mission sets, and multiple scenarios us-
Horn of Africa is currently available
ing Situated Culture Methodology. This
via the Joint Knowledge Development
methodology focuses on situated culture,
and Distribution Capability at: http://jko.
consistent with the five dimensions of
jfcom.mil/ and will be available in the fu-
operational culture used by the Cen-
ture via MarineNet.
ter for Advanced Operational Culture
Learning.
1 1
Operational Impact
The VCAT prototype provides cultur- Developer/Manufacturer:
al awareness training for individual aug- Alelo, Tactical Language Training, LLC,
menters prior to their deployment to the Los Angeles, CA
207
Cognitive Skills Training for Asymmetric Warfare

APM C&LT is conducting Research The following products are currently
and Development to develop, deliver, and available:
evaluate training technologies for en- Insurgent Mindset Training is a Virtu-
hancing the individual Marines cognitive al Battle Space 2-based training module
skills for Improvised Explosive Device de- that enables the warfighter to take the
feat (IED-D). APM C&LT recognizes the perspective of insurgents by emplacing
role of language and culture in detecting IEDs to attack convoys, and also to play
indicators of threat. The Program Man- Marines tasked with predicting, detect-
ager Training Systems Command (PM ing, and avoiding IEDs during a patrol.
TRASYS) Cognitive Skills for Asymmetric The Insurgent Mindset Training proto-
Warfare program is moving beyond basic type will be included in a future VBS2
declarative knowledge and procedural release.
training to develop and evaluate train- The Scenario-based Performance As-
ing based on a cognitive approach that sessment System for Learning in Team
includes a cultural framework to improve Environments (SPOTLITE) tool was
the decisions and judgments required for developed for the USMC Engineer Cen-
successful IED-D. The goal is to develop ter of Excellence for use at live training
a single cognitive training and assessment ranges to allow observers to measure
curriculum for mounted and dismounted and assess team and individual perfor-
patrols at the platoon echelon level and mance in real-time during simulated
below. training exercises. Developed for use on
a handheld tablet personal computer,
SPOTLITE allows evaluators to more
Operational Impact reliably and completely collect real-time
The products developed for use in data during simulated and live training
pre-deployment home station training exercises and then upload the data to a
will better prepare Marines to conduct trending tool that permits analysis of
more productive live training exercises at data and trends over time.
Mojave Viper. Training is designed to ac-
celerate the basics of tactical expertise for Developer/Manufacturer:
our most junior warriors in areas such as Insurgent Mindset Training and the Cogni-
understanding the enemys motivations tively-Enhanced VBS2 TSP: Cognitive
and capabilities, understanding the ter- Training Solutions, Avon, OH.
rain as it applies to IED-D, understanding Cognitive Skills Assessment for Asymmet-
timing, knowing ones own capabilities, ric Warfare: Cognitive Performance Group,
and understanding the human terrain Orlando, FL.
thorough the lens of IED-D.
Spotlite and Trending Tool: Aptima, Inc.,
Woburn, MA.
208
chapter 3: programs
Language Learning Resource Centers (LLRCs)
Description as technical support. The LLRC program

Overseas Contingency Operations, will provide for a curriculum of the most
particularly when the focus of effort is important languages and cultures of the
counter insurgency, nation-building, hu- highest priority geo-specific areas as de-
manitarian or disaster relief, shaping op- termined by force commanders.
erations or other operations that could
be termed irregular, require emphasis Operational Impact
on knowledge of foreign cultures (opera- The LLRCs provide a permanent,
tional culture learning) and foreign lan- fully integrated operational language
guages. Foreign language instruction has and culture training capability to Marine
become a critical part of the Pre-deploy- Corps operating forces at the largest bas-
ment Training Program for Marine oper- es/stations for the foreign languages most
ating forces. However, the Marine Corps
needed and used by Marines across the
cannot afford the time or expense to send
spectrum of operations.
every Marine through formal language
training such as that offered at the De-
fense Language Institute. Instead the LL- Program Status
RCs provide a cost effective platform for LLRCs are currently operational
home station language and culture train- at: MCB Okinawa; MCB Kaneohe Bay,
ing. The LLRCs are state of the art class- Ft Story, VA; MCAS Cherry Point, NC,
rooms specifically designed and equipped Camp Delmar, CA; Camp Pendleton, CA;
with the capability to provide language Camp Lejeune, NC. The LLRCs are oper-
learning up to Defense Language Insti- ated by the Center for Advanced Opera-
tute Interagency Language Roundtable tional Culture Learning
Level 1+. The LLRC classrooms will ac-
commodate up to 16 students and one Procurement Profile: FY 2010 FY 2011
instructor supported by appropriate 2 1
computers, software, servers, multi-me-
dia equipment, unrestricted high speed Developer/Manufacturer:
internet connectivity, unrestricted for- Trofholz Technologies, Inc., Rocklin, CA
eign language television and radio as well
209
Individual Training Systems

High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV)
Egress Assistance Trainer (HEAT)
roll-over, and to reinforce the importance

of properly wearing the safety restraint.
Through repetitive training in a HEAT
simulator, the US Army has estimated
that soldiers have increased their chances
of survivability from a roll-over situation
by 250 percent, developed better skills in
avoiding dynamic vehicle rollovers and
reduced their emergency reaction egress
time from 60 seconds to out of the ve-
hicle and ready to engage the enemy in
six seconds. The HEAT system training is
a mandated requirement for all Marines
prior to deployment to Operations Iraqi
Freedom and Enduring Freedom. In Sep-
tember 2007, US Marine Forces Central
Description Command mandated roll-over training
HEAT training is one of the final as pre-deployment requirement, which
steps in an overall Vehicle Safety Training was documented in HEAT Marine Corps
program and is a mandated requirement Combat Development Command State-
for all Marines prior to deployment in ment of Need December 2007.
theater. The HEAT trainer simulates the
conditions of a vehicle roll over and pro- Program Status
vides each member of the HMMWV crew
HEAT was accepted in POM 10
rehearsal of how to respond with im-
mediate action. The total vehicle-training but not funded until FY 2012. As of FY
program incorporates academic training 2010, 13 have been fielded Camp Pend-
in risk management, drivers training, leton, CA; Camp Lejeune, NC; 29 Palms,
rules of the road for the particular coun- CA; Camp Hansen, JPN; Kaneohe Bay,
try or theater of operations, and hands- HI; New River, NC; Cherry Point, NC;
on training with specific equipment in Beaufort, SC; Yuma, AZ; and Miramar,
which the crew will operate. CA; with another five are to be fielded in
FY 2010 to include fielding are Iwakuni,
Japan, and Quantico, VA. Additionally,
Operational Impact Joint Improvised Explosive Device De-
The Commandant of the Marine feat Organization is funding a new start
Corps has directed the procurement of the program for delivery of five HEATs to the
HEAT for both Continental United States Naval Expeditionary Combat Command.
and overseas training in order to provide
simulation training for Marines and Sail- Procurement Profile: FY 2010 FY 2011
ors on the procedures to egress a vehicle 5 0
after roll-over, how to recognize the ve- Developer/Manufacturer:
hicle conditions indicative of a pending MCA Albany, GA
210
chapter 3: programs
Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP)

Egress Trainer (MET)
training environment, this training af-

fords the Marine with the practical expe-
rience needed to conduct proper egress
procedures. This type of training, like the
HEAT, reinforces the proper seatbelt/har-
ness restraints use, and helps develop the
muscle-memory responsive situational
awareness skills of individual and crew
alike that would be reactionary and pro-
active under any circumstance while in
transit in any MRAP vehicle.
The MRAP is a larger vehicle with
more personnel inside, which could re-
sult in more confusion and chaos dur-
ing a rollover. Due to the higher center
of gravity that is presented by this type
of vehicle, the MRAP presents a higher
probability of rolling over. The increased
usage of the MRAPs in both Operations
Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom
caused the Joint Program Office to deter-
The MET is designed to train Ma- mine that it would also create an egress
rines how to properly egress from a CAT trainer similar to the HEAT to address the
I, CAT II and CAT III MRAP vehicle. Like issues with egression from a rolled mis-
the High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled hap. MET is designed to put Marines in
Vehicle (HMMWV) Egress Assistance a rollover environment and teach them
Trainer (HEAT), it provides Marines the teamwork and effective communication
opportunity to experience vehicle roll- skills within that environment, so that
over within a controlled environment, they will properly egress a MRAP. The
with the inside of the cab conditions lit- MET seats up to 10 personnel, which is
erally and virtually the same as in real- substantially more than the HEAT. The
life conditions. This proactive responsive MET has a functional gunners position,
type training also allows the Marine the and within the MET, the gunner is trained
rehearsal and physical executable natural on the proper use of the harness and the
response conditioning that is necessary actions they must perform prior, during,
in a roll-over. Given the right controlled and after a rollover event.
211
Indoor Simulated Marksmanship Trainer (ISMT)

The ISMT - Enhanced (ISMT-E) is The ISMT is used for remedial, vir-
a three dimensional simulation based tual, instruction in basic and advanced
trainer for indoor use capable of instruct- marksmanship, shoot/no-shoot judg-
ing in basic and advanced marksman- ment, combat marksmanship, and weap-
ship, shoot/no-shoot judgment, combat ons employment tactics. This program
marksmanship, and weapons employ- is required to continue to allow simu-
ment tactics. The trainer consists of an lated training in myriad scenarios both
Instructor Station, audio/visual system, at home station, during pre-deployment
and weapons firing positions. Each firing training, and while on deployment.
position is capable of operating simulated
weapons that includes simulated AT4, M2 Program Status
(.50 cal), M9, M16A4, M16A2 Fully Sen- Originated by a 1998 Operational Re-
sored, M240G, M203, MK19, MP5, Squad quirements Document, ISMT is a fielded
Automatic Weapon, M870 12 gauge shot- Acquisition Category IV Program. There
gun, Shoulder-launched Multi-purpose are currently 627 current systems fielded
Assault Weapon, M224 60mm Mortar, to active duty bases and stations, I, II, and
M252 81mm Mortar, M4A1, SRAW III Marine Expeditionary Forces, USMC
(Predator), and Joint Services Combat Reserve facilities, and aboard Naval Ex-
Shotgun. The ISMT-E has five firing po- peditionary ships. Systems are currently
sitions. The Infantry Squad Trainer-En- being catalogued for improved manage-
hanced (IST-E) consists of three ISMT- ment of operation and sustainment.
E trainers connected as a single system
providing twelve firing positions. A large Procurement Profile: FY 2010 FY 2011
display device provides simulated targets. Quantity: 30 0
The simulated weapons are used to fire
upon the simulated targets with an indi- Developer/Manufacturer:
cation of the round fired. The Instructor MEGGITT Defense Systems Inc, Irvine, CA
Station controls the training and provides Tatitlek Inc, Anchorage, AK
feedback of the results. ISMT-E/IST-Es Skylla, Inc, Dumfries, VA
also provide Forward Observer Spotting/
Control of indirect fire and night vision
training capabilities in addition to the
baseline features. The ISMT-E/IST-E sys-
tems are used both within the continental
United States and outside CONUS.
212
chapter 3: programs
Supporting Arms Virtual Trainers (SAVT)

The SAVT will advance the training The SAVT Mission Needs Statement
capability, operational readiness, and tac- was approved in 1998, with the Universal
tical proficiency of USMC Joint Termi- Urgent Needs Statement dated Decem-
nal Attack Controllers (JTACs), Forward ber 2006. There are currently six systems
Observers, and Forward Air Controllers. fielded to active duty bases and stations,
These personnel will use training scenar- I, II, and III Marine Expeditionary Force.
ios that require the placement of tactical The following enhancements to SAVT
ordnance on selected targets using Joint are planned enhancements after initial
Close Air Support procedures and ob- fielding:
served fire procedures for Naval Surface Strike Link
Fire Support, artillery and mortar fire to Video Scout
perform destruction, neutralization, sup- PLDR
pression, illumination/coordinated illu- Multiple Launch Rocket System
mination, interdiction, and harassment- Laser Modeling
fire missions.
Operational Impact Quantity: 6 0
With recent Marine Corps doc-
trine changes, Joint JTAC memorandum Developer/Manufacturer:
agreement and certification by Joint TJ Inc., Christmas, FL
forces Command of the Navys Multi-
purpose Supporting Arms Trainer/SAVT
simulation events can replace 33 percent
of the Marine Corps live fire Training
and Readiness and Joint Service currency
training requirements.
213
Marine Corps Martial Arts Program (MCMAP)
hand combat and to realize the potential

of every Marine as a warrior. The Marine
Corps Martial Arts Program is the prod-
uct of that vision.
MCMAP is based on five, colored-
belt levels with six different degrees of
Black Belt. Each belt level is broken down
into three disciplines, each of which a
Marine must become proficient in before
attaining the next belt level. The mental,
The Marine Corps martial culture character, and physical disciplines of the
has wrought and distinguished the ser- warrior are the foundation of the Martial
vice since its birth in 1775. It is a culture Arts Program. The mental discipline con-
founded on the close combat of ships of sists of warrior studies, martial culture
sail and defeating the Barbary Pirates dur- studies, combative behavior studies, and
ing the late 18th Centurystorming the other professional military education.
bois de Belleau during the Great War The character discipline is built around
holding Bloody Ridge on Guadalca- the Marine Corps core values of Honor,
nal during World War IIand, most re- Courage, and Commitment. The charac-
cently, intense, close-quarter combat in
ter discipline underscores the role of the
the Iraq and Afghanistan campaigns. In
order to prepare Marines for the conflicts warrior on and off the battlefield24
yet to come, General James L. Jones, the hours a dayseven days a week. The
32nd Commandant of the Marine Corps, physical discipline consists of the 184
envisioned a program that would provide techniques taught throughout the five
Marines the tools to conduct hand-to- belt levels.
214
chapter 3: programs
Marine Corps Distance Learning (MCDL)
Description Available electronic courseware products

MCDL, also known as MarineNet, is include:
the Marine Corps learning management Required Pre-Deployment Training
system and infrastructure that enables Required Annual Training
Marines to receive training and education Military Occupational Specialty and
via the appropriate interactive media, Common Skills Training
when and where the learning is needed. Cultural and Language Courses
Managed by the College of Continuing Professional Military Education
Education (CCE), MCDL provides the Courses
operational forces access to the distance Business Skills and Information Tech-
learning resources and performance sup- nology Courses
port tools that increases the effectiveness Online Reference Material and Job
of training and education through use of Aids
technology. MarineNet courseware facili- Online Testing
tates career progression and expedites the
training process by granting rapid on- Operational Impact
line course enrollments and online test
The Marine Corps Distance Learn-
completion. Test scores are available im-
ing Program contributes to the Marine
mediately and students are able to print
Corps operational readiness by provid-
courseware completion certificates on-
ing all Marines with access to required
line. Student activity is electronically en-
pre-deployment training, military occu-
tered into the Marine Corps Total Force
pational specialty common skills training
System via the Marine Corps Training In-
opportunities, and Professional Military
formation Management System database
Education. Distance learning capabili-
providing promotion points, self educa-
ties fill critical gaps in the training and
tion bonus points and Reserve retirement
education continuum and can reduce the
credits. To meet the access requirements
amount of time Marines are required to
of the operational forces, CCE has fielded
be away from their home duty station at-
various distance learning suites to the
tending formal training. Distance learn-
major Marine Corps bases and stations.
ing gives the commander a better-trained
The key infrastructure components of
Marine while increasing personnel avail-
MCDL are as follows:
ability to accomplish the units mission.
C ontent Delivery Engines (Network
Appliances that host content)
C entralized Learning Management Program Status
System for Student Administration Throughout the Marine Corps, 42
L earning Resource Centers (LRC) LRCs have been fielded and are currently
Video Teletraining Training Centers operational and 54 DLRCs are fielded and
D eployable Learning Resource Centers available for units to check out.
(DLRC)
215
The Marine Corps University (MCU) and Professional

Military Education (PME)
interagency, and foreign

service students to par-
ticipate in the education
and exchange of ideas
with Marine students.
Nonresident programs
are also critical to the
education of the force,
as a majority of the
population must pursue
education via distance
education rather than
resident instruction.
The MCU, also known as Education The main campus of MCU is located
Command, oversees a progressive series at Quantico, VA, and consists of the fol-
of schools that Marines attend through- lowing officer PME schools and colleges:
out their careers, regardless of military the Expeditionary Warfare School for
occupations. Incorporating pedagogical captains, the Command and Staff Col-
approaches common to any higher edu- lege for majors, the School of Advanced
cation institution, the combined doctor- Warfighting, (second year majors), and
al-level and military faculty strives to fos- the Marine Corps War College, lieuten-
ter critical thinking and decision making ant colonels. Enlisted resident education
skills through a balance of directed read- is conducted at the Quantico Staff Non-
ings and writings, guest lectures, histori- commissioned Officer Academy and five
cal case studies, small-group discussions, satellite academies worldwide.
military planning exercises, and shared The curricula of both the resident
experiences. MCU is accredited by the and nonresident education programs will
Commission of Colleges of the Southern continue to address Marine Air Ground
Association of Colleges and Schools. Task Force proficiency in the core warf-
MCU is the PME advocate for the ighting functions of combined arms,
Marine Corps and is charged with de- amphibious operations, and maritime
veloping, implementing and monitoring pre-positioning operations, in addition
PME policies/programs and educating to developing and expanding the Corps
the force. The progressive PME learning irregular warfare/counterinsurgency ca-
system is designed to educate Marines by- pabilities. The University intends to pro-
grade throughout their careers. PME promote and develop the Marine Corps War
grams consist of resident and nonresident College into a robust institution by ex-
instruction, professional self-study, and panding the student population to more
professional reading program. Resident fully support the Corps requirements.
programs present a unique learning op- The enlisted PME programs are being re-
portunity in that they allow sister service, vised to ensure resident and nonresident
216
chapter 3: programs
programs are coordinated, relevant, and The intent is to provide outreach and
meet the needs of the operating forces. resources to the significant percentage
The Center for Middle East Studies will of MCU students completing their PME
grow into a Center for Strategic Studies from a distance by providing: compre-
focused on multiple regional areas of sig- hensive and immediate access to MCU
nificance to the Marine Corps and the na- research and academic resources; central
tion. The Center will expand its capacity access for students and faculty to assem-
to research and publish on issues associ- ble and participate in a learning environ-
ated with strategic assessments, regional ment; decentralized delivery of MCU-
security, diplomacy, alliance relations, developed courses that ensures common
technological and military developments, content and uniformity; and use of tech-
and U.S. foreign policy. A major compo- nologies that link home campus with re-
nent of the Center will be outreach to gional campuses and individual students.
other PME institutions, civilian academic Regional campuses will permit a global
programs, and research institutes. MCU presence and central management
MCU leadership is exploring a con- of resources. Through its combined em-
cept of establishing regional campuses in phasis on courses, symposia, and publica-
order to give the university the capacity tions, MCU will continue to develop Ma-
to expand and engage the student popu- rines, sister service members, interagency
lation in a meaningful and global way. personnel, and multinational partners.
217
part 9:
SUPPORTING ESTABLISHMENT
chapter 3: programs
Introduction
The Supporting Establishment Marine Corps Installations, Recruiting Activi-
ties, Reserve Support Activities, and Special Supporting Activities provides the foun-
dation and framework for Marine Corps readiness in the 21st Century. The programs
discussed in this section are vitally important to the Marine Corps and the Nation.
They are fundamental to the combat readiness of Marine Corps operating forces and
are integral to the support of individual Marines, Sailors, and their families.
219
Manpower Recruiting
the Marine Corps serves as a testament

to the professionalism and dedication of
the recruiting force. It is the individual
Marine recruiter who, tasked with ensur-
ing that all applicants meet the nations
expectations of its Marines, serves as the
gatekeeper to our Corps. Thanks to their
efforts the Corps has not wavered in ac-
cessing only the most highly qualified
applicants. In addition to recruiting the
Nations best and brightest to become Ma-
rines, the individual recruiter continues
to serve as an ambassador in local com-
munities and to the American public. Re-
cruiters put a familiar face to the nation-
ally recognized reputation of the Marine
Corps and stand as examples of all that
is best about the nation and her Corps.
The individual recruiter serves as the sin-
gular most influential factor inspiring ap-
FY 2009 was a very productive year plicants to take up the challenge of serv-
for the Marines of the Marine Corps Re- ing as a United States Marine, who once
cruiting Command (MCRC) as they con- transformed, will be a Marine for life.
tributed to the Marine Corps achieving an Selection to recruiting duty is a
end-strength of 202,000. This was accom- unique and highly discerning process.
plished without reducing the high quality Over the last fiscal year this process has
standards expected and required to grow become even more rigorous. Those con-
the force. Achieving this mission with the sidered for assignment as recruiters must
continued challenges of recruiting during first undergo extensive screening at their
wartime persisted, testing the ability and home station and are continuously evalu-
professionalism of our recruiting force. ated for their suitability during their time
MCRC once again far surpassed its mis- at Recruiters School. They are represen-
sion requirements, exceeding all quality tative of the best NCOs and SNCOs
benchmarks as it accomplished this mile- the Marine Corps has to offer. Intensive
stone achievement. training at Recruiters School ensures that
Recruiting remains the lifeblood of recruiters are thoroughly prepared to
our Corps. The ability of MCRC to not face the multi-faceted challenges that lay
only meet, but exceed the quality stan- ahead. Their training is continuously re-
dards set forth by the Commandant of inforced and built upon throughout their
220
chapter 3: programs
recruiting tour, ensuring that the recruit- FY 2010 and beyond, as the strength of
er remains armed with the most current, the recruiting force is reduced and Ma-
and effective, tools to facilitate success. rines are returned to the operating forces.
Even before a prospective applicant Marine Corps recruiting successes during
meets with a recruiter in person it is likely the past several years are a direct reflec-
that he or she will have been exposed to tion of the superior efforts of a quality
the Marine Corps message of making recruiting force and the supporting arms
Marines, winning the nations battles and of effective marketing and advertising
developing quality citizens. This is not by programs.
accident; it is accomplished through com- MCRC achieved unprecedented suc-
prehensive and intensely focused market- cess in FY 2009 by making 101.0 per-
ing and advertising programs. These pro- cent of its enlisted shipping objectives
grams serve to reinforce the elite warrior to include exceeding all Department of
image and positive message that is com- Defense (DoD) and Marine Corps qual-
municated daily by the individual recruit- ity standards. For example, 98.5 percent
er and is supported by his collateral mate- of those shipped to recruit training were
rials. To effectively maintain this message, Tier 1 high school graduates, above the
marketing and advertising programs DoD and Marine Corps standards of 90
continue to emphasize core competencies and 95 percent, respectively. Addition-
of building brand awareness, generating ally, 69.7 percent were in the I-IIIA up-
quality leads for recruiters and develop- per mental group again, well above the
ing recruiter support material for use in DoD and Marine Corps standards of 60
the recruiting process. High-quality ad- percent and 63 percent, respectively. The
vertising efforts properly focused on the Marine Corps Reserve achieved 107.7
target markets of prospective recruits and percent of its recruiting goals with the
their influencers creates and maintains accession of 5,701 Non-Prior Service Ma-
awareness of Marine Corps opportunities rines. Of these, 98.3 percent were Tier I
among Americas young men and women high school graduates and 73.5 percent
and those who influence their decisions. were in the I-IIIA mental groups. In addi-
Paid advertising continues to be the tion, MCRC accessed 3,862 Prior Service
most effective means to communicate the Marines into the Marine Corps Reserves,
Marine Corps message and, as a result, achieving 100 percent of the objective.
remains the focus of advertising efforts. Success was also achieved in the of-
As advertising costs continue to increase ficer mission by obtaining at least 100
it is imperative that the advertising bud- percent in all categories of air, ground,
get remains competitive in order to en- and law. Increases from commission-
sure that the recruiting message reaches ing sources like the U.S. Naval Academy
the right audience. This is especially true (USNA) and Naval Reserve Officer Train-
as the Marine Corps moves forward into ing Corps (NROTC) are currently con-
221
tributing an appropriate percent to meet sity will continue until the Marine Corps
the overall annual officer requirement. mirrors the face of the nation it serves.
In doing so, Officer Selection Teams are The superior results achieved by
now able to focus on the college campus MCRC during FY 2009 ensured that the
market for contracting future officers command continued its legacy of suc-
through the Platoon Leaders Class (PLC) cess. MCRC recognizes that during FY
Program. This will ensure that the qual- 2010 there will be new challenges, some
ity of the Officer Corps is maintained well expected, other which will be unexpected.
into the future. While FY 2009 was a year marked by great
In all recruiting efforts, diversity, in success, and MCRC is well-positioned for
both the enlisted and officer ranks, re- continued success in FY 2010, there is no
mains an important priority for MCRC. time to rest on the laurels of previous ac-
Increased awareness in underrepresented complishments. MCRC will move into
markets will remain a key aspect of the the next fiscal year with a level of inten-
marketing and advertising campaigns. sity that has led to its past successes and
This will be augmented by enhanced out- which ensures success in the future. As
reach efforts, as MCRC strives to have a long as Marines recruit Marines, mission
physical presence at key events interacting accomplishment can never be in doubt.
with prospective applicants and their in-
fluencers. This increased focus on diver-
222
chapter 3: programs
Marine Corps Recruiting Information Support System

Recruiting Station (MCRISS-RS)
Description recruiting while MCRISS-OSS will en-

The deployment of MCRISS-RS compass the 14 components of officer
streamlines the entire enlistment process systematic recruiting. This effort will
and provides immediate benefits in man- further eliminate redundant data entry
hour savings by eliminating redundant and save an extremely valuable resource:
data entry and improving the quality of time.
information available. Moreover, the sys-
tem directly interfaces with and supports Operational Impact
key information technology initiatives Time is the recruiters greatest chal-
of the U.S. Military Entrance Processing lenge and most precious asset. A re-
Command by electronically scheduling cruiters achievement and success are
applicants for processing and receiving measured only by the number of quali-
electronic processing results. MCRISS- fied, quality individuals interviewed, con-
RS interfaces with the Joint Personnel tracted, and shipped to recruit training or
Adjudication System at the Office of Per- Officer Candidate School. MCRISS-RSS/
sonnel Management to ensure security OSS, coupled with solid skills, will sys-
background checks are fully completed tematically organize the recruiters day,
on each applicant. MCRISS-RS harnesses week, and month. With this added orga-
state-of-the-art technology and provides nization, the recruiter will be armed to
the Marine Corps Recruiting Command conduct prospecting in a more efficient
with a solid foundation from which to manner, saving time and ensuring con-
grow future manpower information sys- sistency in the execution of prospecting
tems, such as MCRISS-Recruiting Sub- plans.
Station (RSS) and MCRISS-Officer Selec-
tion System (OSS).
Program Status
The development and deployment
of MCRISS-RSS/OSS promises to auto- Procurement Profile: FY 2010 efforts
will deploy MCRISS-OSS (the first incre-
mate both the officer and enlisted side of
ment of six MCRISS-RSS components),
recruiting at the recruiter/officer selec-
new automated enlisted applicant pack-
tion officer (OSO) level through a proven
age, new Automated Commissioning
framework of systematic recruiting. Sys-
Package, and develop the second incre-
tematic recruiting establishes procedures
ment of RSS.
for standardization, management/plan-
ning, training, and action by focusing Developer/Manufacturer:
the OSO, RSS Staff Non-Commissioned Stanley Associates, Arlington, VA
Officer In Charge, and recruiter on those Subcontracts: Segue Technologies,
Arlington, VA; Tedrad Digital Integrity,
activities and programs vital to effective
Washington, D.C.; and Firefly Database
recruiting. MCRISS-RSS will encompass Solutions Inc., Nokesville, VA
all 11 components of enlisted systematic
223
Marine Corps Retention
percent in a traditional fiscal year. Simi-

larly, we reenlisted 78.2 percent of the eli-
gible career force, compared to 60 percent
in a traditional fiscal year.
Retention goals will remain aggres-
sive as the Marine Corps continues to
shape the enlisted career force. The Selec-
tive Reenlistment Bonus Program (SRBP)
clearly aided reenlistment endeavors and
improved retention for some critical skill
Enlisted Personnel shortages. The creation of new opera-
Enlisted retention achievements con- tional units has led to shortages in many
tribute to the Marine Corps success in occupational specialties that span the
reaching key end strength milestones and Marine Air Ground Task Force, such as
ensure the proper grade shape and experi- intelligence, explosive ordnance disposal,
ence to the enlisted career force. The Ma- reconnaissance, and artillery, thereby jus-
rine Corps continues to retain both first- tifying SRBP funding levels.
and subsequent-term enlisted Marines at Although the SRBP greatly assists
unprecedented levels in order to shape with this retention success, intangible at-
the Non-Commissioned Officer and Staff tributes such as pride of service and the
Non-Commissioned Officer leadership satisfaction of leadership remain signifi-
required by the 202,000 end strength. cant influences on retention. All leaders
The Corps retention efforts match the within the officer and enlisted ranks must
required skills and grades necessary for a ensure Marines are educated on the im-
1:2 deployment-to-dwell time ratio. Re- portance of retention and on evolving
tention goals increased in FY 2008 to sup- retention policies and incentives. Leaders
port the growth and proper shaping of must emphasize the intangibles of service
our current and future career force. In FY to aid quality Marines in their individual
2009, the Marine Corps achieved 15,949 reenlistment decisions.
reenlistments among eligible first-term Marine Corps retention efforts are
and subsequent-term populations. The enhanced by the 404 career retention spe-
Marine Corps reached these retention
cialists that specialize in and assist com-
goals earlier in the fiscal year than at any
manders in the retention of Marines. Also
other time in the programs history. The
supporting retention efforts is the Enlist-
8,012 first-term reenlistments achieved in
ed Career Counseling and Performance
FY 2009 were the second-highest number
Evaluation Unit resident in the Enlisted
ever achieved. The Marine Corps reenlist-
Assignments Branch at Headquarters
ed 33.7 percent of the eligible first-term
Marine Corps. The six Marines in this
population, compared to an average of 24
unit provide career guidance to enlisted
224
chapter 3: programs
career Marines, performance evaluations bilities required in the operating forces.

on retention and retirement requests, Historically, the aggregate officer reten-
and informational briefs to commands tion rate is 90.5 percent. For FY 2009, the
throughout the Marine Corps. The unit Marine Corps achieved a retention rate
also provides formal instruction on proof 92.5 percent. Regardless of that suc-
motion and career progression to all cess, the Marine Corps continues to look
academies, the Sergeants Course, Career for indicators of higher attrition in future
Course and Advanced Course, as well as years.
the Infantry Unit Leaders Course. It con- Although overall officer retention
ducts command visits on U.S. east and is excellent, shortages do exist in cer-
west coasts and the throughout the Far tain grades and skills, requiring careful
East, reaching more than 150,000 person- management and innovative solutions.
nel per year. To this end, the Marine Corps has active
programs in place, both monetary and
non-monetary, to ensure officer retention
remains high. Monetary tools already
implemented include Aviation Continu-
ation Pay and Law School Education
Debt Subsidy. Non-monetary programs
include voluntary lateral moves, inter-
service transfers to the Marine Corps, and
Return to Active Duty. All of these pro-
grams provide incentives to officers for
Officers continued service while retaining Marine
The Marine Corps officer retention Corps flexibility to meet requirements
goal is to retain the best and most fully across the Marine Corps Total Force.
qualified officers in the right grades and
with the right skills to provide the capa-
225
Civilian Marines
managed programs. There are numerous

programs, courses, and seminars avail-
able. Opportunities exist for both new/
entry-level and senior/expert-level em-
ployees. The Civilian Workforce Develop-
ment Application (CWDA) was designed
to assist the Marine Corps in managing
civilian workforce development activities.
CWDA is a web application that contains
data related to the leadership and func-
Civilian Marines are valuable assets tional core competencies of the Commu-
to the Total Force team. Marines at all nities of Interest (COI). The long-term
ranks recognize, more than ever before, vision for CWDA is that it will facilitate
the importance of Civilian Marines who organizational management and work-
provide critical support in numerous ar- force shaping.
eas throughout the Corps. Civilian Ma- Community Management: COIs
rines total approximately 35,000, with an provide enterprise-wide communica-
expected growth of another 5,000 during tions, collect and share best practices,
the next five years. Serving primarily as a focus on technical aspects and training
major element of the supporting estab- needs, and ensure competencies and ca-
lishment, Civilian Marines are now being reer paths are developed for the com-
called upon to serve in positions tradition- munity. In the Marine Corps, there are
ally occupied by military personnel and 20 communities that encompass more
deploy along with operational forces. The than 350 job series. COIs are led by se-
Marine Corps is focused on ensuring the nior civilians of the community, typically
Nation has a Civilian Marine workforce members of the Senior Executive Service.
equipped with the leadership skills and They are responsible for establishing the
technical competencies necessary to meet community vision and plan, in addition
the challenges of today as well as in the fu- to serving as advocates for Civilian Ma-
ture. Flexibilities in how we manage Civil- rines who work in the job series within
ian Marines also play a key role in helping their COIs.
the Marine Corps meet its mission. Labor Relations: The Marine Corps
Civilian Workforce Development: maintains relations with 17 bargaining
The Marine Corps is committed to im- units representing 17,000 Civilian Ma-
proving the leadership skills and oppor- rines throughout the Marine Corps. Fed-
tunities for training and education of eral unions have a representative role es-
Civilian Marines. Civilian Marines are af- tablished by statute and are kept informed
forded the opportunity to advance their of programs and changes that will impact
career development through centrally employees. A master labor agreement,
226
chapter 3: programs
covering all bargaining unit employees, on Marine Corps Military Police while
was negotiated with the American Feder- improving security and police services
ation of Government Employees in an ef- across the Marine Corps.
fort to enhance morale and productivity, This initiative hired 725 Civilian Po-
limit job turnover, and help organizations lice Officers during FY 2008 and FY 2009,
increase performance and improve busi- with the rest of the hiring programmed
ness results. The key function of labor for the next two years; this will include
relations is to develop strategies for ef- the establishment of Marine Corps Police
fective communication and investigating Departments in Bridgeport, CA (Moun-
and establishing work/life balance initia- tain Warfare Training Center) and New
tives to create a more positive workplace Orleans, LA (Federal City). New recruits
environment. must complete an intense ten-week re-
gional training academy that certifies
them as Marine Corps Police Officers
Civilian Police before being assigned to police duties at
Recruitment Initiative the installations where they were hired.
As Marines continue to deploy world- These Civilian Marines are now work-
wide to fill critical national defense re- ing side-by-side with Marine Corps Mili-
quirements, Civilian Marines provide es- tary Police at Marine Corps installations
sential installation support here at home. across the United States. This initiative
In 2007, the Marine Corps adopted a seeks to attract, hire, and retain a fully vi-
plan to hire approximately 1,200 Civilian able civilian police workforce by the end
Police Officers. That expansion of civilian of FY 2011.
policing will reduce the operational stress
227
Total Force Structure Management System (TFSMS)

The Total Force Structure Manage- TFSMS users span the Marine Corps
ment System (TFSMS) serves as the au- from HQMC to the operating forces.
thoritative source for the Marine Corps Transactional users or super users are re-
default force structure data. TFSMS pro- sponsible for the input and maintenance
vides a single, accurate, synchronized, of TFSMS data through submission of
and timely system for force structure TO&E Change Requests (TOECRs). The
information in support of the Marine review and approval of TOECRs is man-
Corps focus on re-engineering processes aged through TFSMS Workflow, which
to support the enterprise while optimiz- extends the Marine Corps force structure
ing its business functions through avail- management process down to the unit
able information technology. Within the level by enabling individuals to submit
Total Force Management process, TFSMS TOECRs that contribute to the makeup
enhances the Marine Corps ability to ef- of the current and future force.
ficiently and effectively address future
capabilities in the framework of United
States Code Title 10 responsibilities, Program Status
which include organizing, training, and In early 2010, TFSMS has more than
equipping forces as a component of the 3,000 transactional and 9,000 non-trans-
national military capability. To facilitate actional users, which include Marines,
the integration of capabilities into the civilians, and contractors. TFSMS Block
operating forces, TFSMS specifies Marine I completes in FY 2010 with Increment
Corps force structure requirements and II initial capability planned for FY 2012.
authorizations in the form of Tables of Increment II establishes the foundation
Organizations and Equipment (TO&E), for evolving from force structuring to en-
which comprise billets and authorized abling Total Force Management as it re-
equipment. Furthermore, TFSMS serves lates to expeditionary force development
as the primary data source and business and the integration of manning, equip-
process engine for the Total Force Struc- ping, and training processes. Increment
ture Process activities. In 2010, TFSMS II introduces further net-centric-enabled
force structuring and technical capabili- force structuring functionality, achieve
ties are being enhanced to encompass a Approved Acquisition Objective process
broader vision to support future Joint integration and institute Blue in Support
Force Management capabilities through of Green aviation equipment visibility.
the Global Force Management Data Ini-
tiative (GFM DI) Organization Servers.
228
chapter 3: programs
Installations and Military Construction
ately maintained. Adequately sustaining

required facilities is the highest facilities
management priority.
Military Construction
Upon reexamination of the Marine
Corps structure and manning relative
to its expected long-term mission needs,
the President approved a permanent end
strength increase of 27,000 Marines, from
Marine Corps bases and stations rep- the base of 175,000 to 202,000 Marines by
resent irreplaceable national assets. They 2012. This goal was reached in FY 2009.
are fundamental to combat readiness To ensure that these Marines have ade-
with regard to pre-deployment training quate facilities in which to live and work,
and the launching, sustaining, and re- the Presidents FY 2007 Supplemental
constituting of Marine operating forces. request included $324 million to accom-
In 2025, Marine Corps installations will plish critical path infrastructure projects.
provide an even higher quality training
In 2008, Congress approved construction
environment directly supporting the To-
projects that totaled $668 million in the
tal Force in Readiness. Additionally, those
FY 2008 Global War on Terrorism and the
bases and stations are and will continue
FY 2008 Military Construction and Fam-
to be integral to the quality of life of Ma-
ily Housing programs. In FY 2009 and
rines, Sailors and their families.
The current operation and mainte- FY 2010, Congress approved $1.4 billion
nance of these installations as well as their and $2 billion respectively to support
future development and use require plan- Grow-the-Force requirements. The
ning, wise investment, and sound execu- balance of this investment requirement,
tion. Numerous Corps-wide efforts are including military construction and fam-
underway to ensure Marine Corps instal- ily housing, is being aggressively pro-
lations are ready, responsive, and capable grammed.
of meeting current and future support The Marine Corps has a multi-fac-
requirements of a 202,000-strong Marine eted program that is addressing baseline
Corps. infrastructure improvements at instal-
The Marine Corps has more than $50 lations and supporting the Defense Pos-
billion worth of facilities that are used to ture Review Initiative to move Marines
train, house, and provide excellent qual- to Guam. An additional $325 million in
ity of life for Marines and their families. Military Construction has been approved
Examples of these facilities are barracks, by Congress in support these programs in
hangers, runways, sewage treatment FY 2010. This funding is critical to main-
plants, roads, and electrical lines. These taining and improving installations and
facilities are used to perform mission-es- providing adequate facilities both in the
sential tasks, and they must be appropri- continental United States and abroad.
229
Energy Initiative
The USMCs emerging energy strat- dence. The first is to ensure mandatory
egy builds on past achievements and will consideration of energy efficiency as a
transform the Marine Corps energy pos- KPP in all replacement platforms. The
ture to appropriately consider energy in Joint Light Tactical Vehicle, the replace-
the decision-making process. The new ment for the High Mobility Multipurpose
strategy will recognize that expeditionary Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV), is the first
operations and USMC installations each item to formally incorporate an energy-
have sets of energy requirements, chal- efficiency KPP. The second is to partner
lenges, and opportunities. New technolo- acquisition and Research and Develop-
gies will be leveraged to reduce energy ment (R&D) activities to develop and
demands and increase alternative and obtain alternative and renewable energy
renewable energy supplies. Accountabil- sources. Through January 2010, several
ity and change initiatives will be captured R&D initiatives have benefited from Eco-
in new policies and doctrine in three pri- nomic Stimulus funding:
mary areas: tactical equipment; facilities; Improved Environmental Control Units
and garrison mobile equipment. $3.5 million to deliver 15 systems in
FY 2010
Integrated Trailer, Environmental Con-
trol Units, and Generators $2.5 mil-
lion to field five systems in FY 2010
Onboard Vehicle Power for both Me-
dium Truck Vehicle Replacements and
HMMWVs $4.0 million to deliver five
systems in FY 2010
Immediate implementation of ener-
gy-savings methods and materials in
Tactical Equipment. CMCs Policy forward-deployed contingency instal-
Memorandum 2-02 introduced the con- lations (e.g., foaming of relocatable
sideration of fuel efficiency Key Perfor- dwellings to reduce energy use for cli-
mance Parameters (KPPs) in retrofit and mate control)
acquisition of all major equipment plat- Investment in research, development,
forms. Although Marine Corps opera- and acquisition to reduce battlefield
tional energy-reduction efforts are chal- overland supply distribution.
lenged by ongoing overseas contingency Facilities. In April 2009 the Com-
operations and the continuing growth of mandant published the Facilities Energy
Marine operational forces, two primary & Water Management Campaign Plan
approaches are being implemented to re- that addresses strategic and immediate
duce expeditionary energy consumption actions to reduce energy usage at Marine
and increase warfighter energy indepen- Corps installations. This plan under-
230
chapter 3: programs
E nsure appropriate levels of resourc-

es are made available to support the
required energy and water efficiency
initiatives
Commitment to sustainable facility
design and operations
Procure energy efficient equipment and
products
Invest in emerging energy efficient
technology
scored the Marine Corps commitment to Phase out use of incandescent light
aggressively identify, develop, and imple- bulbs by 2010
ment energy efficiency strategies as well Aggressively pursue large-scale renew-
as to comprehensively develop renewable able energy projects to include geother-
energy sources to meet mission and man- mal energy where feasible
dated requirements. The Commandants Implement aggressive demand-shed-
intent for this over-arching effort is to: ding and peak shaving strategies
(1) ensure a secure and reliable energy Expanded use of the USMC robust
and water supply to support the operat- Geospatial Information Systems data
ing forces and their families through the system to increase real-time energy
efficient management of energy and wa- usage awareness and reduction oppor-
ter facilities infrastructure; (2) achieve tunities
energy and water efficiency goals man-
dated by the President and Congress to
support national efforts to lower green-
house gas emissions, reduce the Nations
dependence on foreign oil, and promote
conservation of water supplies; and (3)
reduce life-cycle operating costs of Ma-
rine Corps facilities and manage future
commodity price volatility.
To meet these three goals, the plan
identified ten specific actions to be in
place by the end of FY 2010 giving the
program the nickname, Ten x 10
that the Marine Corps is undertaking in
its installations energy program:
C ommitment of top down leadership to
energy use reduction
231
I mplement training and awareness

programs to emphasize user controlled
reductions
Garrison Mobile Equipment (GME).
GME is a centrally managed program
of off-the-shelf, commercially available
equipment that focuses on supporting
installation transportation requirements.
These assets are used to perform ground
transportation, fire fighting (buildings/
grounds and aircraft), rescue functions, Department of Defense and other Federal
construction, material handling, and agencies in the adoption of efficient ve-
maintenance functions at Marine Corps hicle technologies and the use of alterna-
installations. In early 2010, the fleet totals tive fuels, including electricity, E85, com-
more than 13,000 sedans, station wagons, pressed natural gas, hybrids, biodiesel,
buses, general-purpose heavy and light and hydrogen.
trucks, fire and refuse-collection trucks Recognizing the difficulties of using
and tractors, engineer and construction some alternative fuel vehicles without
equipment, forklifts, warehouse cranes, adequate refueling infrastructure, the
and platform trucks. The GME fleet exists Marine Corps is investing in alternative
to support the day-to-day operations of refueling infrastructure (e.g., refueling
the installation and directly supports the stations) where needed to complement
operating forces by minimizing the use of the increase in alternative fueled vehicles.
tactical vehicles in garrison. Of special note, the Marine Corps
The Marine Corps has in place an is also testing hydrogen-powered fuel cell
aggressive program to pursue petroleum vehicle operations and has established our
fuel reduction and conservation in the first hydrogen generation and refueling
GME fleet. The Marine Corps has repeat- station at Camp Pendleton California in
edly exceeded the Energy Policy Act of support of fuel cell vehicle development.
1992 Alternative Fuel Vehicle acquisition
requirements and has been a leader in the
232
chapter 3: programs
Environmental, Natural, and Cultural

Resources Stewardship
principles and pollution prevention. To

ensure that frequent, repeated use of land
for readiness purposes can be sustained,
each installation having stewardship re-
sponsibilities for natural and/or cultural
resources prepares and implements an In-
tegrated Natural Resources Management
Plan and an Integrated Cultural Resourc-
es Management Plan. Implementation of
these plans ensures our lands are man-
aged in a sustainable manner. The Marine
Excellence in warfighting requires
Corps also seeks ways to reduce pollution
unencumbered access to the land, sea, and
through material substitution, best man-
airspace needed to conduct quality, real-
istic training. Unless properly managed, agement practices, and training Marines
Marine Corps land, sea, and airspace re- and civilians to perform their jobs in an
sources can become damaged to the point environmentally sound manner.
where realistic training is degraded. Ef- In FY 2009, the Marine Corps estab-
fective environmental management en- lished Marine Corps Air Station Miramar
sures mission readiness by allowing the and Marine Corps Logistics Base Barstow
Marine Corps to sustain and enhance as Green bases to lead efforts to pro-
these training assets, while protecting the mote sound environmental stewardship
health of local citizens, Marines, and the through promotion of energy efficiency,
valuable resources entrusted to the Ma- use of alternative energy sources, pollu-
rine Corps. tion prevention, and sustainable envi-
Compliance with applicable laws and ronmental and other installation prac-
regulations is as important as ever, and tices. Projects are underway in FY 2010 or
the Marine Corps enhances mission ca- planned for the future to make these in-
pabilities through a systematic approach stallations Green models for the Marine
to environmental management that Corps and the Department of Defense.
promotes integrated land management
233
Housing
Bachelor Enlisted Quarters (BEQ).

Bachelor housing is one of the Comman-
dants top Military Construction priori-
ties. The Commandants BEQ Initiative,
initiated in 2006 as part of Program
Objective Memorandum 2008, provided
more than $1.7 billion in construction
funds to correct barracks space short-
falls, implement renovations, and pro-
vide collateral equipment. Subsequently,
the Commandant approved an additional tized and less than 1,000 Marine Corps-
owned and -managed units remaining.
$1.2 billion in new construction during
The Marine Corps has leveraged pri-
FY 2009-2013 period to add barracks
vate financing to government investment
spaces associated with the Grow-the-
at a ratio of approximately 5.4 to 1. This
Force initiative. These initiatives will
has enabled the Marine Corps to quickly
eliminate existing BEQ space deficiencies
and significantly upgrade family hous-
and inadequate barracks and achieve the
ing infrastructure and improve hous-
Marine Corps desired 2+0 assignment
ing management. As a defining metric,
standard by FY 2014.
the family housing occupant satisfaction
The new BEQs will be highly modern
levels continue to be much higher than
living facilities for Marines and Sailors
when the housing units were managed
and will include rooms with improved
and maintained by the service. Housing
aesthetics and bathroom configurations,
referral, the process of assisting military
enhanced recreation and laundry areas,
families find housing, is still retained by
and will be designed to optimize climate the government, however.
control and energy efficiency. For exist- Constructing deficit housing, mainly
ing BEQs, we are continuing the Whole attributable to new housing requirements
Room Concept replacement furniture associated with the Grow-the-Force build
program to replace entire room furnish- up, will continue through 2014, principal-
ings on a cyclical basis. ly at MCB Camp Pendleton, MCB Camp
Family Housing. In September 2007, Lejeune, and Marine Corps Air Ground
the Marine Corps privatized all fam- Combat Center Twenty Nine Palms. New
ily housing units where it was economi- units constructed at these facilities will
cally advantageous and authorized; for be modern and energy efficient, and will
example, military housing legislative au- continue to improve the quality of life of
thorities prohibit housing privatization at Marines, Sailors, and their families.
overseas locations. In early 2010, there are
more than 22,000 units of housing priva-
234
chapter 3: programs
Continuous Process Improvement (CPI)
If the Marine Corps is to transform I mproved readiness, improved quality

successfully, the performance of processes of life for Marines and family members,
that support the warfighter must become improved workforce safety, reduced
more effective and efficient. To that end, time required to complete work, and
the Continuous Process Improvement reduced costs
(CPI) program provides leaders a flex- The modest annual investment to
ible, internal, economical, disciplined ca- create and sustain an internal capability
pability to improve performance, safety, to improve performance will pay divi-
and quality of life, and, to mitigate the dends indefinitely into the future and will
impact of resource pressure. The terms become increasingly more important.
performance and process improvement Indeed, the value of FY 2009 benefits was
are distinctly different but related. Per- estimated at $56.5 million (a 10:1 ratio on
formance Improvement is the result of investment).
this program. Process improvement is Since 2008, the USMC has complet-
the means to obtain results. ed more than 300 improvement projects,
The Marine Corps invests $5.7 mil- with another 194 in progress in early
lion annually (in labor and training costs) 2010. Results are being achieved in a va-
to support performance improvements riety of areas including: reducing aircraft
across the Service. The benefits and re- not mission ready due to supply; reducing
sults of the investment include: cycle time of depot rebuild for Amphibi-
A CPI program office and a cadre of ous Assault Vehicles, M-16s, and High
in-house performance improvement Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicles;
expertise to coordinate policy, develop reducing wait times for Marines and their
standard methods, and assist organi- family members to obtain identification
zational leaders to build and sustain cards; reducing discharge time for Ma-
in-house capability to improve perfor- rines who fail to complete basic training;
mance improving the validation process of in-
A learn by doing training curriculum voices; reducing the time required to pro-
that coaches Marines and civilian Ma- cess valor awards; improving the regional
rine personnel to make improvements radar service in the southwest region;
and solve problems using standard im- and streamlining the process to check-in/
provement methods check out personnel.
An enterprise-wide software tool that The Marine Corps CPI program is
monitors progress of training and im- thus a critical element in performance,
provement projects and shares results readiness, safety, quality of life, and
from improvement initiatives so stewardship of the taxpayer resources
they can be replicated entrusted to us.
235
Marine Corps Reserve
Reserve Marines understand the cost increased its end strength to 202,000, it
of protecting the American way of life, is important to note that higher levels of
and although some have paid the ulti- retention in the Active Component, and
mate price, dedicated men and women greater numbers of Marines from the Re-
continue to volunteer to serve their coun- serve Component volunteering for full-
try in the Marine Corps Reserve. The Ma- time active duty with the Active Compo-
rine Corps Reserve continues to fill criti- nent, reduced the number of personnel
cal requirements in support of overseas transitioning into the Selected Marine
contingency operations, particularly in Corps Reserve.
Iraq and Afghanistan. At home, Marine The Marine Corps Reserve is a full
Forces Reserve maintains Reserve Ma- partner of the Marine Corps Total Force.
rines and assets pre-positioned through- Reserve Marines continue to prove their
out the country, ready to assist with not dedication to their country and fellow
only national defense missions, but also citizens. Their continuing honor, cour-
civil-military missions such as providing age, and commitment to warfighting ex-
disaster relief. cellence while maintaining close ties to
Despite the current high operational their community truly set them apart as
tempo, the Marine Corps Reserve con- citizen soldiers. They recognize that they
tinues to recruit and retain top-notch have a crucial mission and the American
Marines. New Marines are consistently people will continue to expect the most
brought into the Reserves at a rate of 20 from them while continuing to support
to 25 percent of the Selected Reserves end them. Marine Forces Reserve, with its
strength per year. This, in addition to our well-equipped, well-led, and well-trained
current force, provides continued capa- professional men and women, will con-
bility to augment and reinforce the Active tinue to be an integral part of the Marine
Component. As the Active Component Corps.
236
chapter 3: programs
237
part 10:
FORCE PROTECTION
chapter 3: programs
Introduction
Force Protection covers a wide range of programs from non-lethal weapons to
chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) detection and protection
equipment. Non-lethal capabilities increase survivability of friendly forces and non-
combatants by providing the ability to apply force in circumstances where minimizing
casualties and collateral damage is critical. CBRN equipment provides the Marine with
the necessary capability to operate in a contaminated environment and still accomplish
the mission. These are important supporting programs for the Marine and the operat-
ing forces.
239
Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Program (JNLWP)
Description force (stability operations); and defeat

The Department of Defense (DoD) (counter-insurgency and major combat
defines non-lethal weapons as weapons, operations).
devices, and munitions that are explicitly Meeting the challenge of protecting
designed and primarily employed to in- the force in an environment such as the
capacitate targeted personnel or materiel 3-block war, where the enemys use of
immediately, while minimizing fatalities, asymmetric tactics requires the operat-
permanent injury to personnel and un- ing forces to have the ability to adapt to
desired damage to property in the target situations using escalation of force (EoF)
area or environment. Non-lethal weapons capabilities. EoF comprises the applica-
are intended to have reversible effects on tion of and, if necessary, elevation to the
personnel and materiel. minimum force necessary to achieve ob-
Since 1996, the JNLWP has been jectives. To support the development of
overseeing the research and development additional and enhanced Marine Corps-
of non-lethal weapons and stimulating specific requirements, the Marine Corps
non-lethal requirements. The JNLWP developed an Initial Capabilities Docu-
makes program recommendations to the ment (ICD) for EoF which was approved
by the Marine Requirements Oversight
services regarding fielding of non-lethal
Council (MROC) in August 2009.
weapons and assists in the development
Currently, the EoF Mission Modules
of training programs. The Commandant
(EoF-MM) and the Dazzling Laser are
of the Marine Corps serves as the Ex-
contributing to the Marine Corps ability
ecutive Agent for the DoD Non-Lethal
to successfully conduct stability opera-
Weapons Program and as such is an actions in theater.
tive service participant in the JNLWP. The
Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Directorate,
based at Marine Corps Base Quantico, Program Status
VA, manages the day-to-day operations Many non-lethal weapons are already
of the program. fielded, and research efforts continue on a
host of developing technologies that will
help fill many of the non-lethal capability
Operational Impact gaps the services have identified. Field-
The Marine Corps recognizes that ed non-lethal weapons include blunt-
future conflicts will seldom be classified impact munitions, optical warning and
as either solely conventional or irregular distraction devices, acoustic hailing de-
warfare; rather, they will be hybrid con- vices, vehicle arresting devices, flash-bang
flicts requiring a broad range of capabili- grenades and munitions, and temporary
ties. A key concept the Marine Corps has incapacitation devices such as human
adopted in response to hybrid warfare is electro-muscular incapacitation (HEMI)
the 3-block war construct, which places devices.
operations into three categories: assist
(humanitarian/disaster response); en-
240
chapter 3: programs
MAGTF CBRN Assessment and Consequence Management

Set (MAGTF CBRN ACM Set)
major subordinate command (MSC) and

Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU) levels,
in the active and reserve forces, use the
MAGTF CBRN ACM set.
Operational Impact
The MAGTF CBRN ACM Set will
provide a more efficient and effective de-
tection and identification capability to the
MAGTF commander. The MAGTF CBRN
ACM Set will support the characteriza-
tion of hazardous material attacks, events
or accidents across the range of military
operations and combat weapon of mass
destruction (WMD) operations. This ca-
pability will enhance the commanders
risk-based decision-making ability as it
pertains to contamination avoidance,
personal protection, and CBRN recon-
Description naissance.
The MAGTF CBRN ACM Set is a
suite of specialized detection/identifi-
cation and protective equipment that Program Status
enhances traditional passive defense op- Fielding of the MAGTF CBRN ACM
erations and allows chemical, biological, Sets began in the second quarter FY 2009.
radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) recon- The Approved Acquisition Objective is
naissance elements to confirm or deny 27 sets (two per MSC, one per MEU, and
the presence of a broad range of CBRN two at Marine Forces Reserve). All 27 sets
hazards and provide protection to oper- have been procured and fielding is antici-
ate in the most hazardous of environ- pated to be completed by third quarter
ments. CBRN defense personnel at the FY 2010.
241
Hailing and Warning Green Beam Laser Systems
Description device to hail and warn personnel and

The Marine Corps adopted the use of vehicles at safe standoff distances. The
Green Beam Laser Systems in support of two laser systems, along with other non-
Escalation of Force (EoF) type missions. lethal weapons systems, will provide EoF
This non-lethal device provides a visual capabilities to protect Marines against the
warning capability to gain the attention threat of Vehicle Borne Improvised Ex-
of personnel approaching lethal force plosive Devices (VBIEDs).
authorized zones. The current systems
authorized for use are the Green Beam Program Status
Designator III (Custom) (GBD-IIIC) and
A total of 1,185 GBD-IIICs have been
the 532P-M Glare MOUT (Mini-Green)
fielded. Deliveries of the SCM began in
systems. The systems provide safe and ef-
fourth quarter FY 2009. In addition to
fective visual hail and warn technology to
the 1,185 GBD units, an additional 282
minimize the risk of injury or death to
LA-9/P will be procured during FY 2010.
civilian and military personnel as well as
The Mini-Greens were provided to the
limit collateral damage to property and
Marine Corps by the Army Rapid Equip-
local infrastructure. To help in further re-
ping Force in 2008. The Marine Corps
ducing the risk of injury, a Safety Control
will acquire an additional 228 Mini-Green
Module (SCM) has been incorporated
systems in FY 2010. The LA-9/P and
onto the GBD-IIIC. The SCM prevents
the Mini-Green will be replaced by the
inadvertent lazing within the nominal
Ocular Interruption Device beginning in
ocular hazard distance of the system.
FY 2015.
Once incorporated on the GBD-IIIC, the
system is designated as the LA-9/P.
LA-9/P: 282 0
Operational Impact Mini-Green: 228 0
The LA-9/P and Mini-Green allow
personnel engaged in combat, stability Developer/Manufacturer:
and security, and force-protection opera- B. E. Meyers Inc, Redmond, WA
tions to employ an intense visual cueing
242
chapter 3: programs
VENOM Non-Lethal Tube Launched Munitions System

(NL/TLMS)
Description and a potential threat while allowing time

The VENOM NL/TLMS is a to determine intent and to escalate force
40mm, multi-shot, electrically actuated, if necessary.
non-lethal munitions grenade launcher
mounted to the High Mobility Multi- Program Status
purpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV)
A Limited User Evaluation was
Marine Corps Transparent Armored Gun
conducted on the NL/TLMS by operat-
Shield (MCTAGS) turret. The NL/TLMS
ing forces at the Expeditionary Systems
consists of three banks of ten launch
Evaluation Division (ESED) of the Naval
tubes, each at fixed angles of 10, 20, and
Surface Warfare Center (NSWC Crane)
30 degrees from the horizontal, achiev-
located in Fallbrook, CA from 19 April
ing 360 degree coverage by traversing the
through 2 May 2009. Twenty-five NL/
HMMWV turret. The NL/TLMS fires a
TLMS are planned to undergo an Opera-
multi-flash-bank grenade out to a range
tional Environmental Evaluation (OEE)
of approximately 130 meters. The system
in theater during the second quarter
comprises a launcher, hand controller,
FY 2010 and will be subsequently fielded
and cable subsystems. The hand-control-
as initial production units.
ler firing system is used to fire the three
A full rate production contract for
banks of ten rounds each.
225 systems is scheduled to be awarded
in the second quarter FY 2010. The NL/
Operational Impact TLMS Approved Acquisition Objective is
The NL/TLMS will enable Marines 250 units.
to deter and dissuade errant vehicle op-
erators from encroaching security zones Procurement Profile: FY 2010 FY 2011
established during convoy, vehicle check VENOM: 225 0
point, and entry control point operations
by providing a high volume of non-lethal Developer/Manufacturer:
fire at range during day and night mis- Combined Systems, Inc., Jamestown, PA
sions. This capability will increase the
standoff distance between the Marine
243
Mission Payload Module Non-Lethal Weapons System

(MPM-NLWS)

The Mission Payload Module Non- The MPM-NLWS will allow the Ma-
Lethal Weapons System (MPM-NLWS) rine infantryman to effectively launch
program will develop and field a new non-lethal munitions to a broader area
vehicle-mounted, tube-launched muni- with a greater duration of effects and vol-
tions delivery system with a novel py- ume of fire. Employment of the MPM-
rotechnic munition designed to render NLWS will grant commanders additional
targeted personnel temporarily incapaci- options short of lethal force and flexibil-
tated. It will disable, inhibit, or degrade ity in implementing rules of engagement
one or more functions or capabilities of with less-restrictive measures.
a target to render it ineffective within a
specified zone of influence. The objective Program Status
of the program is to provide a capability MPM-NLWS achieved Milestone A in
to deliver counter-personnel non-lethal 2004. The Capability Development Doc-
effects applicable to controlling crowds, ument was approved in November 2007.
denying or defending areas, controlling Anticipate awarding contracts to industry
access, and engaging threats while pro- for the Technology Development Phase
viding sufficient standoff for protection in the second quarter FY 2010. The Ap-
of friendly forces. The initial increment proved Acquisition Objective is 312 units,
of MPM-NLWS will be mounted onto with IOC anticipated in the first quarter
the Marine Corps Transparent Armored FY 2016.
Gun Shield (MCTAGS) on a High Mobil-
ity Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HM- Developer/Manufacturer: TBD
MWV) and its replacement vehicle.
244
chapter 3: programs
Escalation of Force Mission-Module (EoF-MM)

The Escalation of Force Mission The EoF-MM provides the appropri-
Module contains equipment required to ate weapons and equipment to employ a
satisfy the operational requirement for range of non-lethal operations and non-
an enhanced capability to apply non- lethal tactics. The fielding of the EoF-MM
lethal force. The EoF-MM will consist of to the operating forces is intended to aug-
selected equipment that provides opera- ment existing lethal capabilities.
tional capabilities for use during escala-
tion of force situations found primarily,
but not exclusively, when operating under Program Status
restricted rules of engagement. Fifty-three EoF-MM Capability Sets
The EoF-MM will support the fol- will be procured and fielded in a two in-
lowing capabilities: vehicle control point; crements. MCCDC is in the process of
entry control point; convoy security; identifying the items comprising Incre-
crowd control; detain personnel; conduct ment 2. Once decisions have been made,
search; clear facilities; conduct cordon; a detailed schedule will be developed on
urban patrol; and establish and secure the delivery of the EoF-MM and disposal/
perimeter. retrofit of the in-service Force Protection
The basic building block of the EoF- Capability Set (FPCS).
MM is the Equipment Set. Each Equip-
ment Set will consist of specific material Procurement Profile: FY 2010 FY 2011
and non-material solutions that, when EoF-MM: 43 10
used together, enable Marines to ade-
quately and safely complete a select Mis- Developer/Manufacturer:
sion Capability Task. Two or more Equip- Aardvark Tactical Incorporated, Azusa, CA
ment Sets combine to form a Capability
Module that provides the equipment and
supplies to perform a given task, such as
establish and secure perimeter or conduct
cordon.
245
Identity Dominance System (IDS)
population control, counter intelligence

and high-value target identification. The
IDS is anticipated to be a three-tiered sys-
tem with hardware and software includ-
ing a server suite capability, a client suite
capability, and a family of hand-held
capabilities.
Operational Impact
The primary mission of the IDS is
Description
to provide the Marine Air-Ground Task
The requirement for an enduring
Force (MAGTF) with the means to identi-
Marine Corps biometric capability origi-
fy persons encountered in the battlespace.
nated from urgent warfighter requests to
The capability requires that the MAGTF
support counter-insurgency operations
commander be able to collect, match,
in Iraq and Afghanistan. The Biometric
store, and share biometric data. The IDS
Automated Toolset (BAT) is the currently
will enable the Marine to collect appro-
fielded system that was a commercial-off-
priate biometric, biographical and refer-
the-shelf (COTS) item delivered to fulfill
ence information on an individual and
an immediate need. The Identity Domi-
match this locally developed information
nance System will replace BAT with im-
with pre-existing information available to
provements such as increased data storage
the expeditionary force.
and longer battery life. The IDS will be a
multimodal biometric collection system
that collects and compares unique, indi- Program Status
vidual biometric characteristics to enroll, IDS is seeking a Milestone B deci-
identify and track persons of interest and sion in FY 2010. It is designated as ACAT
build digital dossiers on the individuals I Special Interest based on a September
for purposes that include anti-terrorism/ 2008 Acquisition Decision Memorandum
force protection, local employee screen- that assigned all DoD biometrics systems
ing, detention management, civil affairs, to that category. IDS is scheduled for IOC
base access, humanitarian assistance, in FY 2013.
246
chapter 3: programs
Counter Radio-Controlled Improvised Explosive Device

(RCIED) Electronic Warfare (CREW)

The CREW systems are vehicle- The Marine Corps CREW program
mounted, fixed-site, and man-portable was designated as an ACAT II program
backpack active/reactive electronic coun- in February 2007, and was granted a full-
termeasure systems (ECM) designed to rate production decision in March 2007.
counter high and low powered radio- The CREW program initially acquired a
controlled improvised explosive devices. total of 10,089 Chameleon and Hunter
systems. This initial capability evolved
into CREW 2.1, the CVRJ. In February
Operational Impact
2009 the CREW Program Office Acqui-
The Marine Corps CREW program sition Strategy/Acquisition Plan (AS/
provides Marines with an effective elec- AP) was approved for acquisition of
tronic warfare capability to counter the up to 8,000 CVRJs. The spiral 3.3 Joint
threat posed by RCIEDs and to improve CREW (JCREW) Capabilities Devel-
force protection. By the end of FY 2010, opment Document was approved on
CREW Vehicle Receiver/Jammer (CVRJ) 23 December 2008. JCREW 3.3 is the
will be the primary vehicle-mounted jam- next iteration of CREW systems and its
mer, having fully replaced Chameleon and planned Marine Corps Approved Acqui-
Hunter. The Quick Reaction Dismounted sition Objective is 4,500 systems. JCREW
(QRD) system is the current man-porta- Initial Operational Capability is sched-
ble system. It provides coverage in the low uled for FY2013 and Full Operational
to high band range depending upon the Capability is scheduled for FY 2015. The
system configuration, protecting troops Joint CREW Program Office is the lead
from RCIEDs when they are dismounted acquisition agency for CVRJ and future
and operating outside the protective en- CREW systems.
velop of a mounted or fixed site CREW
system. Marine Corps CREW will sustain
423 QRD systems until they are replaced
with CREW 3.1 systems in FY 2010. The
CVRJ system will provide the necessary
force protection required in the current
conflicts.
247

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U S M C C o n c e p t s & P r o g r a ms 2 0 1 0

Acquisition Categories (ACAT)

The Department of Defense cat- have research and development fund-

Acquisition Phases and Terms

Quality of Life (QOL)

As an institution, the success of the eral years, Marines continue to report

Taking Care of Marines and Families

rectly for unit commanders in support of

cent initiatives to provide portable careers Additional staffing initiatives include

Wounded Warrior Regiment (WWR)

support that focuses on wounded war-

gram to the WII Marines. District Injured Open communication is critical

The Infantry Automatic Rifle (IAR)

Modular Weapon System (MWS)

Tactical Handheld Radio (THHR) Family of Systems (FoS)

IISR is capable of both analog and digital

Corps inventory until the Joint Tactical Developer/Manufacturer:

Marine Expeditionary Rifle Squad (MERS)

integrate the rifle squads equipment.

Infantry Combat Equipment (ICE)

immediate correction. In response, the

Day Optics Systems

Description operator to keep both eyes open while

Laser Targeting and Illumination Systems

Description able the Marine to rapidly and precisely

Theater Battle Management Core Systems (TBMCS)

Description Theater Air Ground System for the

Global Command and Control System (GCCS)

Description execute, and manage operations as well as

Operational Impact Procurement Profile: FY 2010 FY 2011

Global Combat Support System Marine Corps (GCSS-MC)

fighting deficiency in logistics informa-

Common Aviation Command and Control System (CAC2S)

Description dissemination, and operational flexibility

Tactical Combat Operations (TCO) System

Description Operational Impact

Composite Tracking Network (CTN)

Description target-quality track data and will improve

AN/TSQ-239(V) Combat Operations Center (COC)

Description ties, and physical facilities such as shelters,

Joint Tactical Common Operational Picture (COP)

Description update track data, develop and distribute

Blue Force Tracker (BFT) Family of Systems (FoS)

classify the celestial based BFT to Type

Marine Corps Enterprise Information Technology System

Description The MCEITS Operations environ-

Warfighter Network ServicesTactical (WFNS-T)

Warfighter Network ServicesTactical and switching of digital messages be-

Marine Corps Enterprise Network (MCEN)

The Marine Corps Enterprise Net- terrupted unclassified network services.

The Assault Amphibious VehicleCommand; Command

Multi-Band Radio (MBR)

Description the ability to effectively cover the previ-

High Frequency Radio (HFR)

Description Program Status

Marine Corps Intelligence, Surveillance,

Distributed Common Ground System

Description rine Corps, and Special Operations Com-

Global Command and Control Systems-Integrated Imagery

Description intelligence systems use GCCS-I3 as their

Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System (JSTARS)

Description Operational Impact

D IVN-Lite: 0.9-1.2m dish (Ku Band) is a worldwide, forward-deployed, quick-