2011 Set B Mock Paper 1 Solutions

2011 JC2 H2 Mathematics Set B, Mock Paper 1
Specimen Paper for Examination from 2007 Page 1 of 15

Set B, Paper 1

1. Use the method of mathematical induction to prove that the sum of the first n terms of the
series
... ) 7 5 3 ( ) 6 4 2 ( ) 5 3 1 ( + + +
is ) 5 )( 4 )( 1 (
4
1
+ + + n n n n . [5]

- - - - - -

Let P
n
be the statement
... ) 7 5 3 ( ) 6 4 2 ( ) 5 3 1 ( + + + + ) 4 )( 2 ( + + n n n = ) 5 )( 4 )( 1 (
4
1
+ + + n n n n ,
+
Z n .

When n = 1,
L.H.S. = 15 ) 5 3 1 ( =
R.H.S. = 15 ) 6 )( 5 )( 2 )( 1 (
4
1
= = L.H.S.
Therefore, P
1
is true.

Assume that P
k
is true for some
+
Z k .
That is, ... ) 7 5 3 ( ) 6 4 2 ( ) 5 3 1 ( + + + + ) 4 )( 2 ( + + k k k = ) 5 )( 4 )( 1 (
4
1
+ + + k k k k .

We want to show P
k+1
is true.
That is,
... ) 7 5 3 ( ) 6 4 2 ( ) 5 3 1 ( + + + + ) 5 )( 3 )( 1 ( + + + k k k = ) 6 )( 5 )( 2 )( 1 (
4
1
+ + + + k k k k .

L.H.S. = ... ) 7 5 3 ( ) 6 4 2 ( ) 5 3 1 ( + + + + ) 4 )( 2 ( + + k k k + ) 5 )( 3 )( 1 ( + + + k k k
= ) 5 )( 4 )( 1 (
4
1
+ + + k k k k + ) 5 )( 3 )( 1 ( + + + k k k
= ) 5 )( 1 (
4
1
+ + k k )] 3 ( 4 ) 4 ( [ + + + k k k
= ) 5 )( 1 (
4
1
+ + k k ] 12 8 [
2
+ + k k = ) 6 )( 2 )( 5 )( 1 (
4
1
+ + + + k k k k = R.H.S.

That is, P
k
is true P
k+1
is true.

Since, P
1
is true and P
k
is true P
k+1
is true, by mathematical induction, P
n
is true for all
+
Z n .


2. A piece of wire of length d units is cut into two pieces. One piece is bent into the form of
a square and the other piece is bent into the form of a circle. Prove that, when the
combined area of the two shapes is a minimum, then the radius of the circle is
approximately 0.07d units. [7]

- - - - - -

Let r = radius of circle and A = combined area of the two shapes.
Hence,
A =
2
2
4
2
|
\
|
+
r d
r

= ( )
2 2
2
16
1
r d r +
) 2 )( 2 (
8
1
2
d
d
+ = r d r
r
A
= r
d
r
2
2
1
4
2
+ =
4 2
1
2
2
d
r

|
\
|
+

Let 0
d
d
=
r
A
.

4 2
1
2
2
d
r

|
\
|
+ = 0
|
\
|
+ |
\
|
=
2
1
2
4
d
r 0.07 d

Since =
r
A
d
d
4 2
1
2
2
d
r

|
\
|
+ =
2
2
d
d
r
A
|
\
|
+
2
2
1
2 > 0.

Hence, r 0.07 d gives minimum A.

r
Circumference = 2 r Perimeter = d 2 r


3. (i) Show that
) 3 2 )( 1 2 )( 1 2 (
16 16
3 2
1
1 2
2
1 2
3
+ +
+
=
+
r r r
r
r r r
. [2]
(ii) Hence find
=
+ +
+
n
r
r r r
r
1
) 3 2 )( 1 2 )( 1 2 (
1
,
giving your answer in the form k f(n), where k is a constant. [4]
(iii) State the sum to infinity of the series in which the rth term is

) 3 2 )( 1 2 )( 1 2 (
1
+ +
+
r r r
r
. [1]
- - - - -
(i)
) 3 2 )( 1 2 )( 1 2 (
) 1 2 )( 1 2 ( ) 3 2 )( 1 2 ( 2 ) 3 2 )( 1 2 ( 3
3 2
1
1 2
2
1 2
3
+ +
+ + + +
=
+
r r r
r r r r r r
r r r

=
) 3 2 )( 1 2 )( 1 2 (
) 1 4 ( ) 3 4 4 ( 2 ) 3 8 4 ( 3
2 2 2
+ +
+ + +
r r r
r r r r r

=
) 3 2 )( 1 2 )( 1 2 (
16 16
+ +
+
r r r
r

(ii)
=
+ +
+
n
r
r r r
r
1
) 3 2 )( 1 2 )( 1 2 (
1

=
=
+ +
+
n
r
r r r
r
1
) 3 2 )( 1 2 )( 1 2 (
16 16
16
1
=
=
|
\
|
+
n
r
r r r
1
3 2
1
1 2
2
1 2
3
16
1

= + |
\
|

5
1
3
2
1
3
16
1

+ |
\
|

7
1
5
2
3
3

+ |
\
|

9
1
7
2
5
3

+ |
\
|
1 2
1
3 2
2
5 2
3
n n n

+ |
\
|
+
1 2
1
1 2
2
3 2
3
n n n

(
(
|
\
|
+
3 2
1
1 2
2
1 2
3
n n n
=
(
+
+
3 2
1
1 2
2
1 2
1
3
3
3
2
1
3
16
1
n n n

= |
\
|
+
+
+
3 2
1
1 2
3
16
1
24
5
n n
.
(iii) As n , 0
1 2
3
+ n
, 0
3 2
1
+ n
.
Hence
=

+ +
+
1
) 3 2 )( 1 2 )( 1 2 (
1
lim
r
n
r r r
r
=
24
5
.


4. On the same Argand diagram, sketch the loci
(i) , 5 i 6 8 = z [2]
(ii) arg(z 4 3i) = 2 , where = |
\
|
4
3
tan
1
. [2]
The complex number w is represented by the point of intersection of the loci in parts (i)
and (ii). Find w, in the form x + iy, giving the exact values of x and y. [5]
- - - - - -

Note that
1. BCD is an isosceles triangle with = = DBC BCD and 2 = BDC
2. 2 cos ) 2 cos( =
3.
4
3
tan =
5
4
cos = and
5
3
sin =

Applying cosine rule on BCD :
2
) (BC = ) 2 cos( ) 5 )( 5 ( 2 5 5
2 2
+

2
) (BC = 2 cos 50 50 +

2
) (BC = ) 1 cos 2 ( 50 50
2
+

2
) (BC = 64 1
5
4
2 50 50
2
=
|
|
\
|
|
\
|
+ BC = 8
BC
AB
BCA = sin
8
2 sin
AB
=
25
192
5
4
5
3
16 cos sin 16 2 sin 8 = |
\
|
|
\
|
= = = AB .
CA =
2
2
25
192
8 |
\
|
=
625
3136
=
25
56
.

Hence x = 4 +
25
56
=
25
156
and = y
25
192
3 + =
25
267
. Implies w =
25
156
+
25
267
i .

5
D(8,6)

2
C(4,3)

A
B
Re(z)
Im(z)


5. A curve has parametric equations
2
1
t
x = , t y 2 = , where t is a non-zero parameter.
(i) Sketch the curve. [2]
(ii) Find the equation of the tangent to the curve at the point |
\
|
t
t
2 ,
1
2
and show that
the equation of the normal to the curve at the same point can be written in the form
1 2
6 2 5
= t x t y t . [6]
(iii) The tangent at the point P
|
\
|
4 ,
4
1
meets the y-axis at T and the normal at P meets
the y-axis at N. Prove that the area of the triangle PTN is
256
65
. [4]
- - - - - -
(i)

(ii)
2
1
t
x =
3
2
d
d
t
t
x
= ; t y 2 = 2
d
d
=
t
y
.
Hence,
3
3
2
2
d
d
d
d
d
d
t
t
t
x
t
y
x
y
=
= = .
Equation of tangent at the point |
\
|
t
t
2 ,
1
2
is
|
\
|
=
2
3
1
2
t
x t t y
0 3
3
= + x t t y

x
y


Equation of normal at the point |
\
|
t
t
2 ,
1
2
is
|
\
|
=
2 3
1 1
2
t
x
t
t y
|
\
|
=
2
4 3
1
2
t
x t y t
1 2
2 6 5
= x t t y t
1 2
6 2 5
= t x t y t

(iii) At the point P |
\
|
4 ,
4
1
, t = 2.

Hence equation of tangent at P is 6 8 + = x y (1)
And equation of normal at P is . 127 4 32 = x y . (2)

Substitute x = 0 into (1) : 6 = y .
Hence T is ) 6 , 0 (

Substitute x = 0 into (2) :
32
127
= y .
Hence N is )
32
127
, 0 (

Area of PTN =
256
65
4
1
32
127
6
2
1
= |
\
|
|
\
|
.

x
y
P
T
N


6. (i) Show that
(
+1
d ln
n
n
x x = 1 ln ) 1 ln( ) 1 ( + + n n n n . [4]
(ii)

The diagram shows the graph of x y ln = between x = n and x = 1 + n . The area of
the shaded region represents the error when the value of the integral in part (i) is
approximated by using a single trapezium. Show that the area of the shaded region
is
1
1
1 ln
2
1
|
\
|
+ |
\
|
+
n
n . [4]
(iii) Use a series expansion to show that if n is large enough for
3
1
n
and higher
powers of
n
1
to be neglected, then the area in part (ii) is approximately equal to
2
n
k
,
where k is a constant to be determined. [3]

- - - - - -
(i) x u ln =
x dx
du 1
= ; 1 =
dx
dv
x v =

(
+1
d ln
n
n
x x = x
x
x x x
n
n
n
n
d
1
) )( (ln
1 1
(
\
|
+ +

=
1
ln ) 1 ln( ) 1 (
+
(
+ +
n
n
x n n n n
= ( ) n n n n n n + + + ) 1 ( ln ) 1 ln( ) 1 (
= 1 ln ) 1 ln( ) 1 ( + + n n n n .

x
y
n
n + 1 O
y = lnx


(ii) Area of the shaded region =
(
+1
d ln
n
n
x x ( ) ) 1 ln( ln ) 1 (
2
1
+ + n n
=
|
|
\
|
+ + 1 ln ) 1 ln( ) 1 ( n n n n ) 1 ln(
2
1
ln
2
1
+ n n
= 1 ln )
2
1
( ) 1 ln( )
2
1
( + + + n n n n
= 1
1
ln )
2
1
(
+
+
n
n
n
= 1
1
1 ln
2
1
|
\
|
+ |
\
|
+
n
n

(iii) Note that |
\
|
+
n
1
1 ln = ...
1
3
1 1
2
1 1
3 2
+ |
\
|
+ |
\
|
|
\
|
n n n
= ...
3
1
2
1 1
3 2
+ +
n n
n

Hence, 1
1
1 ln
2
1
|
\
|
+ |
\
|
+
n
n = 1 ...
3
1
2
1 1
2
1
3 2
|
\
|
+ + |
\
|
+
n n
n
n
= 1 ...
4
1
3
1
2
1
2
1
1
2 2
|
\
|
+ + +
n n
n n

2
12
1
n
(for
3
1
n
and higher powers of
n
1
to be neglected)


7. (a) The first four terms
1
u ,
2
u ,
3
u ,
4
u of an arithmetic progression are such that
15
2 4
= u u and
1 3
9 4 u u = .
Find the value of
1
u . [3]
(b) The positive numbers
n
x satisfy the relation

2
1
1
) 5 ( + =
+ n n
x x , for n = 1, 2, 3, .
As n ,
n
x .
(i) Find (in either order) the value of to 3 decimal places and the exact value
of . [3]
(ii) Prove that ( ) =
+ n n
x x
2 2
1
. [2]
(iii) Hence show that, if
n
x > , then
n
x >
1 + n
x > . [3]
- - - - - -
(a) Let a be the first term and d be the common difference of the A.P.
Given 15
2 4
= u u 15 ) ( ) 3 ( = + + d a d a
2
15
= d
Given
1 3
9 4 u u = a d a 9 ) 2 ( 4 = + d a 8 5 =
1
u = 12
2
15
5
8
= |
\
|
= a .

(b)(i) Given : When n ,
n
x . Then
1 + n
x .
Since
2
1
1
) 5 ( + =
+ n n
x x , therefore
2
1
) 5 ( + = .
5
2
+ = . (*)
0 5
2
=

2
21 1
=
Since
n
x > 0, 0 > . Therefore 791 . 2
2
21 1
=
+
= (to 3 d.p.)

(b)(ii) Given
2
1
1
) 5 ( + =
+ n n
x x
( ) 5
2
1
+ =
+ n n
x x
( )
2 2 2
1
5 + =
+ n n
x x
( ) ) 5 ( 5
2 2
1
+ + =
+

n n
x x using (*)
( ) =
+ n n
x x
2 2
1



(b)(iii) From (b)(ii) : ( ) =
+ n n
x x
2 2
1

( )( ) = +
+ + n n n
x x x
1 1
(1)

Given
n
x > 0 >
n
x .
Hence (1) becomes ( )( ) 0
1 1
> +
+ +

n n
x x
<
+1 n
x or >
+1 n
x . (2)
(rejected)

From (1) : ( )( ) = +
+ + n n n
x x x
1 1

( )
( )
( )

+
=
+
+ n
n
n
x
x
x
1
1
1

Note that 791 . 2
1
> +
+

n
x .
Hence,
( )
1
1
0
1
<
+
<
+

n
x
.
( ) ( ) <
+ n n
x x
1

n n
x x <
+1
. (3)

Combining results (2) and (3), we have
n
x >
1 + n
x > .


8. (a) Find
(
+
+
x
x
x
d
9
1 2
2
. [3]
(b) Using the substitution tan 4 + = x , find
(
+
x
x x
d
17 8
1
2
. [5]
(c) Find the volume of revolution when the region bounded by the part of the curve
x y
2
cos = between 0 = x and
2
1
= x and by the x- and y-axes is rotated
completely about the x-axis. Give your answer correct to 3 significant figures. [3]
- - - - -

(a)
(
+
+
x
x
x
d
9
1 2
2
=
(
+
+
(
+
x
x
x
x
x
d
3
1
d
9
2
2 2 2

= ( ) C
x
x + + +

3
tan
3
1
9 ln
1 2

(b) tan 4 + = x
2
sec =
d
dx
.

(
+
x
x x
d
17 8
1
2
=
(
+
x
x
d
1 ) 4 (
1
2

=
(
d sec
1 ) (tan
1
2
2

=
(
d 1
= C + = C x +
) 4 ( tan
1

(c) Volume required
= ( ) x x d cos
2
0
2
2
(

= x x d cos
2
0
4
(

= 1.85 unit
3
.


9. Consider the curve
) 6 (
6 3
+
=
x x
x
y .
(i) State the coordinates of any points of intersection with the axes. [1]
(ii) State the equations of the asymptotes. [3]
(iii) Prove, using an algebraic method, that
) 6 (
6 3
+
x x
x
cannot lie between two certain
values (to be determined). [5]
(iv) Draw a sketch of the curve
(a)
) 6 (
6 3
+
=
x x
x
y ,
(b)
) 6 (
6 3
+
=
x x
x
y ,
making clear the main relevant features of each curve. [4]
- - - - - -

(i)
) 6 (
6 3
+
=
x x
x
y .
When y = 0, 0 6 3 = x 2 = x
(2,0) is the only point of intersection with the x-axis.

(ii) The asymptotes are 0 = x , 6 = x and 0 = y .

(iii)
) 6 (
6 3
+
=
x x
x
y 6 3 6
2
= + x yx yx
0 6 ) 3 6 (
2
= + + x y yx (1)

For any valid values of y substituted into (1), there must correspond some values of x.
Hence, equation (1) has solution for x.

Hence, we consider discriminant 0 .
That is, 0 ) 6 ( 4 ) 3 6 (
2
y y
0 9 60 36
2
+ y y
0 3 20 12
2
+ y y
0 ) 1 6 )( 3 2 ( y y

6
1
y or
2
3
y
Hence,
) 6 (
6 3
+
x x
x
cannot lie between
6
1
and
2
3
.



(iv)(a)

(iv)(b)

(6,1/6)
(2,1/2)
2

x = 6
x
y
(6,1/6)
(2,1/2)
2

x = 6
y
x


10. (i) Expand
3
1
) 8 ( x + in ascending powers of x up to and including the term in
2
x , and
state the values of x for which this expansion is valid. [5]
(ii) The function f(x) =
3
1
) 8 ( 3 x + is defined for 19 0 x . Find the inverse
function ) ( f
1
x
. [3]
(iii) Sketch the graphs of y = f(x) and y = ) ( f
1
x
on the same axes, and show the

geometrical relation between the two graphs and the line y = x. [3]
(iv) Show that the x-coordinate of the point of intersection of the graphs of y = f(x) and
y = ) ( f
1
x
is given by

3
1
) 8 ( x + = x 3 . [2]
(v) Use the first two terms of expansion of
3
1
) 8 ( x + to obtain an approximation to the
x-coordinate of the point of intersection. Give your answer as a simple fraction. [1]

- - - - - -

(i)
3
1
) 8 ( x + =
3
1
3
1
8
1 8 |
\
|
+
x
=
( )( )
|
|
\
|
+ |
\
|
+ |
\
|
+ ...
8 ! 2 8 3
1
1 2
2
3
2
3
1
x x

=
|
\
|
+ + ...
576
1
24
1
1 2
2
x x
= ...
288
1
12
1
2
2
+ + x x
Expansion is valid when 1
8
<
x
8 < x .

(ii) Let y = f(x) =
3
1
) 8 ( 3 x +
y x = + 3 ) 8 (
3
1

( )
3
3 8 y x = +
( ) 8 3
3
= y x
( ) 8 3 ) ( f
3 1
=
y y
( ) 8 3 ) ( f
3 1
=
x x

Hence, ( ) 8 3 : f
3 1

x x , ] 1 , 0 [ x

y = f(x)
1
19
R
f
= [0,1]
x


(iii)

The graphs of y = f(x) and y = ) ( f
1
x
are reflection of each other about the line

y = x.

(iv) The point of intersection of the graphs of y = f(x) and y = ) ( f
1
x
is the same as the point

of intersection between the graphs of y = f(x) and y = x .

Hence, x =
3
1
) 8 ( 3 x +

3
1
) 8 ( x + = x 3 (1)

(v) From (i)
3
1
) 8 ( x + = ...
288
1
12
1
2
2
+ + x x . (2)
Substitute the first two terms of (2) into (1) :
x x + 3
12
1
2

13
12
x
x
y
y = x
y = f(x)
y = f
1
(x)
1
1
19
19

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2011 JC2 H2 Mathematics Set B, Mock Paper 1

Specimen Paper for Examination from 2007 Page 1 of 15

on the same axes, and show the

are reflection of each other about the line

is the same as the point

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