Magnetic engine

Anatoliy_ka@mail.ru.

On this page we present to your attention the magnetic engine, which according to the concept appears to be a so-called "perpetual motion machine". Here you will find its images, patent, and also you will learn information from his production and testing. Already there are it videos of the models with a volume of 670 KB, demonstrating the principle of the working of the engine.

The Black pointer on the disk indicates the position of piston. It is evident that with the closed shutter the piston is located stably in the upper position, and shutter renders the valuable screening of magnets, fulfilling the functions described by me. Further, with the discovery of shutter piston accomplishes reciprocating motion. The stored energy of flywheel continues to move piston to the upper position. Work: the displacements of the shutter = of 0,444 George, the displacement of piston = 1,251 J. izmereni were made on this model. On the models no some of know-how, which considerably decrease the work of the displacement of shutter, without reducing the work of piston. Data of change were checked on this model. That I must make the cam gear by hand, as indicated in the diagram in the patent. Energy will extracted from the shaft of engine, which it will be sufficient for useful work.

The video shows that the force of a spring opens the ferromagnetic screen. The rotating lever, which is moved by the spring to the end position, is connected to the shutter.

The video shows that the work of the repulsion of piston is stronger than all work lost to friction. On the model demonstrated, is taken the stop of the catch of shutter, which will retain screen in the closed state after fist shuts it. After fist maximally turns lever in end closed position, it disengages with the bearing of tolkatelya.I it undergoes no further resistance to motion

Formula of the model 1. magnetic engine, in housing of which are placed the permanent magnets, the first of which is established with the guarantee of a possibility of the accomplishment of reciprocating motion under the action of the forces of magnetic field, in the housing is also established the shaft, connected with the first magnet with the aid of the means, which makes it possible to convert the reciprocating motion of the first magnet into the rotation of shaft, that is characterized by the fact that the second magnet is securely fastened on the housing opposition first, both magnets are oriented by poles counter, magnetic engine is supplied with the ferromagnetic screen, made with the guarantee of a possibility of its displacement in the clearance between the magnets perpendicular to the line of forces of magnetic field, ferromagnetic screen is supplied with the means, which ensures its displacement under the action of the rotation of shaft, ferromagnetic screen is also supplied with the means, which ensures its recurrent displacement. 2. magnetic engine on p. 1, which is characterized by the fact that the mentioned means, which ensures the reciprocating displacement of magnet is executed in the form of crank gear. 3. magnetic engine on p. 1 or 2, which is characterized by the fact that the mentioned means of the displacement of ferromagnetic screen contains the rotating lever interacting with the ferromagnetic screen and the cam gear, whose kulachek is fixed on the shaft, and the pusher, which interacts with the fist, is fixed in line with rotating lever. 4. magnetic engine on any of pp. 1-3, that is characterized by the fact that the shaft is supplied with the storage battery of mechanical energy, made, for example, in the form of flywheel.

Schematic of the engine Description of the construction of the engine: We present to your attention sketches for the two end positions of the shutter on which they are designated the detail of engine. In order to visualize the interaction of the parts of the mechanism, I made an animated GIF file. Designations are indicated in sketch 1 below: 1 - mobile magnet (piston); 2 - upper fixed magnet; 3 - ferromagnetic shutter; 4 - cylinder of engine; 5 - crankshaft; 6 - connecting rod; 7 - profile of Cam; 8 - rotary pusher; 9 - lever to drive the shutter; 10 - piston of engine; 11- spring of the backward motion of shutter; 12- guides of shutter; 13- axis of lever; 14 - direction of rotation of the shaft of engine; 15- engine block; 16 - circle of the minimum and maximum displacement of the pusher.

Description of the work of the engine: The working of the magnetic engine greatly resembles the working of a two-stroke engine. To start, let us begin from the situation, when piston is located in the upper position, but shutter is not yet opened (see sketch 2 above). The Piston passes top dead center under the action of the inertial forces. The Cam causes the pusher to be rotated, and the force of spring produces the sharp displacement (removal) of the shutter. The magnets are now close to each other in the repelling state. The repelling magnetic force pushes the piston down. The resistance of shutter is nil in the initial section of piston stroke, because a radius of the cam does not change, so the shutter is not moved, and resistance is equal to the work of the pressure of pusher on the coefficient of rolling friction. The kinetic energy of piston begins to accumulate by the flywheel of the shaft (it is not depicted on the sketches). The piston gains speed. With the approximation of piston to bottom dead center the cam profile begins tol change to rotate the pusher. The

shutter gradually is moved, and overlaps upper magnet. The shutter finally is shut after the passage of bottom dead center, and cam profile again becomes constant. The resistance of the action of shutter again becomes very small. The piston under the action of inertia, accumulated in the flywheel, is pushed upward, and it reaches the upper position. The cycle is repeated.

Production of the model Description of the production: At first for the production of engine I used the inexpensive and located near at hand details: annular ferrite magnets from audio speakers, old gasoline-powered saw "Urals", remaining details it ordered in the workshops or was home made. The piston and cylinder were made from aluminum. But given materials did not give that effect, which was expected: friction between them proved to be significant. I made a shutter made of steel. It is moved on the antifriction bearings. At the given moment the engine is made from the parts, which I ordered at the plant and manufacturing quality corresponds to that required. On the finished model it produced measurements on the output shaft and effort to the displacement of shutter. Using MathccAD, it calculated shaft work necessary to displace the piston. Integrally of functions in the chosen sections they made it possible to obtain the work of magnets and the work of shutter. The values of works came out different for the different diagrams arrangements of magnets. Therefore I lead the values of that diagram, on which I dwelled. Shaft work of engine 2,022 George. Work on the displacement of shutter 1,195 J. pribyl' work is not great, but it is sufficient so that the engine would work. Measurements are taken on the model taking into account all resistances. Usual diagram, does not work, and it was necessary to select magnetic system. At the given moment it is found, and its fitness for work is practically proven. Measurements were made not only in the static position, but also during the motion of all it was main, taking into account of inertia and resistances. There is no totally operating engine, because there is no money for further production, and, unfortunately, it can be continued only through half a year. It remained to complete the lever of the displacement of shutter, rotary pusher, and the mechanism of the displacement of lever. On the whole, it is not much, but they require the manufacturing precision, because gaps and error will not allow coordinating the motion of shutter and piston. If in Petersburg there are those desiring, then I can demonstrate these results, and we together could complete the engine The last modification, at which I now work, is depicted to right in picture 6 below.

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Picture 5

Picture 6

This page is not finished, and it will be supplemented in proportion to the advance of works. The additions on 26 January, 2006, at the given moment occurred important changes in the construction of engine. There is a video with the results of experiences and the work of almost finished engine. One can see well on video, as the repulsive force of magnets pulls shaft, and shutter simultaneously is shut. Those desiring can obtain the video! Recommendations regarding the production The practical action of the magnetic field proved to be a very important special feature in the production. Experience shows that the shutter must be distatochno of large so that less than its faces they would intersect the boundary of the magnetic field (see fig e). It is better, if it overlaps the magnets. It is better to make a form of face under the form of magnet. In mine the shutter is rectangular. In practice, I found the solution of overcoming the pulling force of the magnetic field of upper magnet. For this it is necessary to increase the area of magnet so that the shutter, with the displacement would be located always in the magnetic field. It is simplest for this to place one additional magnet by means of displacing the shutter, that 4 it made on its model. Resistance to displacement (F) became less, and it approached the theoretical: F=.f*.N, where f is the coefficient of rolling friction (0,02); N is the force of the action of magnetic field, n. Since I, at the given moment, do not have strong magnet with the necessary for my sizes, then I decided to use an electromagnet on the model. It is necessary only for creating the magnetic field, which will be subsequently formed by permanent magnet. During the study of the presence of the magnets necessary for me I found some producers and learned prices of the ultrapowerful magnets. So that if the need arises, everything will be ordered and acquired. After conducting analogy with DVS, it is possible to preliminarily calculate characteristics and cost of magnetic engine. It is evident in the photograph that the rotary pusher is not thus far fixed on the axis, but it is only fixed with the aid of the clamp, but this in order to adjust everything. The Axis and the rotary pusher will be replace by a more ruggedly constructed one. For the work of weak model, it is necessary with the aid of the flywheel to decrease the revolutions of the rotation of shaft so that the inertial forces of the displacement of shutter would not present a resisting force. To more optimally have large piston stroke and slow revolutions in order not to spend much energy on overcoming of the inertness of shutter and they were not formed eddy currents. Shutter must be made from the transformer they began so that it would not be magnetized. It is necessary to provide the discharge of electrical tension from the shutter and other ferromagnetic details, because moving magnetic field will form electric current in them. According to the calculations, the engine, which develops the power of 1 kW will cost approximately ya00$. For the calculation assumed the real cost of magnets and details, produced by parties.

Experiences and the calculations The results of experiences here are given measurement carried out by me under household conditions. Results have an error, caused by the methods of measurements and by the utilized tools, but they make it possible to make conclusions about nature of the processes of those occurring in the engine. Table shows the values of the forces of interaction it is sectional engine. To the shutter and the piston upper magnet exerts influence.

Table 1.

Data of value were obtained on the annular ferrite magnets from the acoustic systems. After this, it passed considerable time, and I acquired ultrapowerful magnets. Model was altered, and I took new measurements. Table 2:

Certainly, would be desirable to embellish situation, but the values of the displacement of shutter were actually so they were great, but this all because my construction was calculated for the smaller loads, and simply it stopped up shutter between the magnets. Torque was measured already on the shaft; therefore parasitic drag is already taken into account, besides inertia. But also it is evident with these values that there is useful work. The work of the displacement of piston 1,396 George, the work of the displacement of shutter 0,841 George. 25 January 2005 continue to derive the new results of experiences. At the given moment I lead the results of the measurements of torque directly on the shaft dvigatelya.Kotorye they were obtained on the last model, which there is in the division the "production of model". Table 3:

The work of torque is equal to 2,491 George, which is almost two times more than the previous measurements. This plus appeared after I replaced sliding friction in the knots by rolling friction. I do not lead the value of the displacement of shutter, because it on the given magnets is almost always equal moreover new shutter proved to be thin, and it bent it by the attracting force of upper magnet.

On the work of the displacement of the shutter Many refer to the fact that the large pulling magnetic force will be the basic reason for the unfitness for work of engine. At first this seems real. Then go references to the fact that also the spring must be extended with the large effort. But here that appears one nuance, which strongly decreases the work on the displacement of shutter. Force of pressure on the pusher is equal to a difference in the forces of magnetic retraction and elastic force of spring. Work is expended not on the opening of shutter, but on the shutting. For the best understanding I propose Ris.ya, on which are depicted the diagrams of forces. The area of the diagram of force is the work of this force, from where one can see well the relation of works and end value. Since the elastic force of spring can be almost constant (the precompressed spring with the small displacements of compression), and it is possible to attain by changing the geometry of magnets the almost constant force of retraction, then a difference in the forces can be brought almost to zero, and this means that we should exert the force of overcoming the sluggishness of shutter only. All this makes it possible to conclude that there is a possibility of building powerful high(ly)-resourceful engine. Lessons of physics I will attempt to explain the scientific possibility of existence of this engine. For which I will answer the questions, which appear in many. 1. if magnets are sufficiently strong in order to be repelled from each other, then the same repulsive forces will not give to them it will draw together. During the presence between the magnets of ferromagnetic plate, the reaction of repulsion practically is absent, and in order to draw nearer them does not be required to make efforts. Which is written, also in the "elementary textbook of physics" edited by G.S. of Landsberg M., 2003. "as can be seen from ris.282, as a result of adding the external magnetic field with the field of magnetized iron the field in the interior of sphere almost disappears. This they use for creating of magnetic shielding or magnetic shielding, i.e., for the protection of various instruments from the action of external magnetic field." (s.eshch2 of t.2) for the confirmation I apply video subject with the demonstration of interaction of forces between the magnets. It is evident that even the extra force of attraction to ferromagnetic screen of both magnets appears. This property is represented in Figure 1 below. 2.Iz of description follows that the engine "gives itself" and still ensures the "surpluses" of mechanical energy, which contradicts the law of conservation of energy. "between the bodies of system act some of sily."("the elementary textbook of physics" edited by G.S. of Landsberg M., 2003, t.y, s.y08) magnets with the closed screen do not act on each other, (see Figure 2 below) whence it follows that they do not belong to one system of bodies, well and all the more they are not one body. For the best clarity I apply Ris.2. I lead again the "elementary textbook of physics" edited by G.S. of Landsberg M., 2003. "in particular, from this equality it follows that if at first both bodies rested, then the total impulse of system will remain equal to zero, also, subsequently, if only forces will not act from without on the system. It is possible to prove that also for the system, which consists of larger than two numbers of bodies, the total impulse of system remains constant, if only external forces be absent. This most important position is called the law of conservation of impul'sa."(s.y09, t.y) if we assume that screen it does not render action on the magnets, and generally no role it plays, then it is obtained that magnets begin to be moved in spite of the law of momentum conservation, because under the action of external force is moved only it (I again analyze video subject). Even if we include screen in the system of bodies, which consists of the magnets, then pulse for displacing the shutter considerably than lower all generated by the data by the action of the pulses: the recovery of shutter conversely, the displacement of piston, the displacement of all parts of the engine, the rotation of flywheel. On video one can see well, especially at first that the shutter has the low speed of displacement, force also small. We continue: "... in any simple machine, which moves evenly, work is transferred without the change, i.e., the work, which the machine accomplishes, it is equal to the work of the force, which sets machine to the motion. This position was

called name principle of the retention of work." (s.y88, t.y) well and here we look at the results of force measurement from table 2. It follows from all this that the engine cannot be one system of bodies, and it consists of two systems of the bodies, whose interaction produces useful work. Namely, occurs the conversion of potential into the mechanical energy. I obtained practically positive work, for this it made numerous measurements, and I will continue to carry out them further. To Ris.e I add the graph of the measurement of interaction of the magnets of different masses image it came out unsuccessful with its transfer from Mathcad- A, but proportions did not change and they be also. Graphs are similar to the hyperbolas, this change in interaction of magnets from the distance between them. The greater the magnet weight, the higher the curve. The bent line, which intersects x axis - this is the graph of the dependence of the resisting forces of shutter on the displacement relative to the axis of cylinder. It is obtained with the use of magnets with the maximum mass (uppermost curve). Curve with the greatest magnets is not obtained to the end, because the force of interaction exceeds the limit of my measuring meter. I will immediately focus attention on the graph of resisting forces to the displacement of shutter, it is obtained similar with the use of some of know-how. Along y axis are noted the newtons, along axis THE X meters. The integral of function in this section is the work of mechanism in the assigned section. Or it is simpler: area limited by graph. 4, using interpolation, were obtained formulas, and integrated they in the section necessary to me. The obtained results gladden. Calculations Immediately I want to refine that some calculations are more applied, than scientific, and is used comparative estimation. If, someone, helps to deepen the theory of calculation, I will be very pleased. With conducting of mathematical calculations and processing of the results of experiences was used program Mathcad of 2001. The values of forces were processed, and the formulas of the dependence of forces on the coordinates of the displacement are the result of the solution: P(.y) - a change in the forces of the displacement of shutter (y - the coordinate of displacement, m), N, G(.t) - a change in the forces of the displacement of piston (t - the coordinate of displacement, m), N.

Having formulas of dependence it is possible to obtain the work, produced in any phase of measured trajectory. We obtain:

where Az - work of the displacement of shutter, George; Am - work of the displacement of piston, George. The useful work of engine will be: where Ap - useful work of engine, George. 10 % it deducted to energy loss for the mechanical linkages (value approximated). With the operation of engine appear additional efforts to the drive of shutter because the shutter must be opened sufficiently rapidly so that the piston would not have time to leave far from the upper magnet. On my model this sostovlyaet 7 degrees of the revolution of shaft, in this time must occur the discovery. Effort can be considerably reduced after decreasing the frequency of the rotation of shaft with the aid of the flywheel. What 4 it made.

Figure 1

Figure 2