ANSI/CEA709 (EN14908) Standards August 2006

Vijay Dhingra
04H1122

Background
Data networks interconnect computers, servers, and printers Control networks connect sensors, actuators, displays, and other machines to each other, to remote monitoring sites, and to the Internet All control networks perform a common set of functions: they sense, process, actuate, and communicate

Internet

Control Network Technology Requirements

Robust, reliable communications Peer-to-peer protocol supports multiple media, efficient addressing and authentication No single point of failure in the control system Predictable, autonomous applications regardless of network traffic Open standards based and Interoperable products Large Ecosystem of cost effective solution Best of breed products in commercial and home market Confidence and leverage in a future proof environment

Multiple Media Support

Control applications require flexibility in selecting communication medium Protocol and routing technology that allows multiple media (Mixed as needed within system):

Power line Twisted pair Fiber optic RF Coaxial cable Infrared IP

Interface with other home networking standards/protocols With simple application layer bridging
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LONWORKS Control Networks

Flat Peer-Peer Network Architecture Eliminate complex cabling Lower installation and maintenance costs Eliminate proprietary & closed gateways, and central controllers Simplify HMI development Open Choose interoperable components from multiple vendors
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ANSI/CEA-709.1-B Control Networking Protocol

ANSI/CEA-709.1-B Protocol

An open standard protocol for control applications Control applications have different requirements than data applications TCP/IP is an example of a data networking protocol Reference document available from Global Engineering Protocol implementations are available from multiple vendors Protocol can be ported to any processor Echelons implementation is called the LonTalk protocol Echelons Neuron firmware includes the LonTalk protocol Echelon development systems include a royalty-free unlimited license to use the Neuron firmware implementation
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ANSI/CEA-709.1 Protocol Layers

Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical

Physical Media
ANSI/CEA-709.1 is layered As recommended by the International Standards Organization Open Systems Interconnect (ISO OSI) reference model OSI layers ensure that the required services are provided without unexpected interactions between the services Device manufacturers only need to change the application

ANSI/CEA-709.1 Protocol Layers

OSI Purpose Layer
7 Applicatio Application n Compatibility

Services Provided

Network Configuration; Network Diagnostics; File Transfer; Application Configuration, Specification, Diagnostics, & Management; Alarming; Data Logging; Scheduling; Time & Date Management Network Variables; Application Messages; Foreign Frame Transmission; Standard Types Request-Response; Authentication

6 Presentati Data Interpretation on 5 Session Control

4 Transport End-to-End Reliability Acknowledged & Unacknowledged Message Delivery; Duplicate Detection 3 Network 2 Link Message Delivery Media Access and Framing Unicast & Multicast Addressing; Routers Framing; Data Encoding; CRC Error Checking; Predictive CSMA; Collision Avoidance; Priority & Collision Detection

A Typical ANSI/CEA-709.1 Packet

Layer 2 Header Layer 3 Address Information Layer 4 Service Type Layer 5/ 6 Header DATA Layer 2 CRC

2 Bytes Network Variable Selector Service Type ID Transaction Num Addr Format, Domain Length Source Addr (Subnet/Node) Dest Addr (Group) Domain ID (Zero Len Domain) Backlog Priority Alt Path Unsigned Long 2 Bytes 2 Bytes

1 Byte 1 Byte 2 Bytes 1 Byte 0 Bytes 1 Byte 12 Bytes

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Layer 1Physical Layer

Electrical interconnect Transmission of raw bits over a communication channel

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Physical LayerCommon Channel Types l Optimize cost and performance for a broad range
Name
DC-1250 FO-20L FO-20S IP-852 PL-20A

of control applications
Media
Direct-Connect Twisted Pair Fiber Optic Fiber Optic ANSI/CEA-852 IP Tunneling CENELEC A-band Power Line CENELEC C-band Power Line w/access protocol CENELEC C-band Power Line w/o access protocol Free Topology Twisted Pair

Bit Rate
1.25Mbps 1.25Mbps 1.25Mbps N/A 2613bps

Definition

Standar d

Neuron Chip Data Book No ANSI/CEA-709.4 ANSI/CEA-709.4 ANSI/CEA-852 LONMARK Interoperability Guidelines Yes Yes Yes Yes

PL-20C

156.3k/3987bps ANSI/CEA-709.2

Yes

PL-20N

156.3k/3987bps ANSI/CEA-709.2

Yes

TP/FT-10
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78.13kbps 39.06kbps

ANSI/CEA-709.3 EIA/TIA-232-E

Yes Yes

TP/RS485-39 RS-485 Twisted Pair

Typical Channel Capacities

PL-20x Channels PL-20N ~20 packets/sec PL-20C ~18 packets/sec PL-20A ~11packets/sec TP/FT-10 Channel Peak: ~225 packets/sec Sustained: ~180 packets/sec TP/XF-1250 Channel Peak: ~720 packets/sec Sustained: ~576 packets/sec IP-852 Channels ~10,000 packets/sec Supports aggregation
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PL-20x

TP/FT-10

TP/XF-1250

IP-852

Physical LayerTP/FT-10 Channel

Singly-Term inated Bus Topology Star Topology Doubly-Term inated Bus Topology

Mixed Topology Loop Topology

= Term ination

Defined by ANSI/CEA-709.3-A Free-Topology Twisted Pair Channel Specification Media is free topology twisted pair with optional link power Supports commonly available unshielded and shielded 0.50mm (24AWG) to 1.3mm (16AWG) twisted pair wires Polarity insensitive wiring Reduces installation and maintenance costs Up to 64 devices on a single network segment Or 128 devices along with a link power source Available in cost-effective device-on-a-chip With all-in-one transceiver, application processor, and memory
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Physical LayerTP/FT-10 Link Power

Power and network data carried over a common twisted wire pair Power is supplied by a common central power supply
48VDC Power Supply LPI-10 Link Power Interface

LPT-11 Device

LPT-11 Device LPT-11 Device LPT-11 Device

No power supplies required in any of the devices in the network when used with the LPT-11 Link Power Transceiver Supports free topology wiring architecture

LPT-11 Device

LPT-11 Device

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Physical LayerPL-20 Channel

Advanced technology for reliable communication Dual carrier frequency operation Digital signal processing Worldwide operation Meets FCC, Industry Canada, Japan MPT, and European CENELEC EN50065-1 regulations regulations ANSI/CEA-709.2 compliant European utility support Dual frequency DSP performance in the A-Band for AMR/DSM applications Available in cost-effective device-on-a-chip Transceiver, application processor, memory Proven technology Millions of devices installed worldwide
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C-Band 115kHz 132kHz

A-Band 75kHz 86kHz

Layer 2Link Layer

Media access and framing Ensures efficient use of a single communications channel Raw bits of the physical layer are broken up into data frames Link layer defines when a device can transmit a data frame Also defines how destination devices receive the data frames and detect transmission errors Features CRC error checking Media accesspredictive p-persistent CSMA Priority Collision avoidance

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Link LayerMedia Access

Predictive p-persistent CSMA Channel access is always randomized over time slots Number of time slots are varied based on collision avoidance algorithm
Busy Channel Packet Cycle

16 to 1008 slots

Packet Non-priority Slots

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Packet

Link LayerMedia Access Priority

Busy Channel Packet Cycle 1 2 3 ... n Priority Slots Non-priority Slots

Packet

Packet

Configurable priority messages Reserved time slot Reduces overall channel bandwidth Priority slot number is assigned at installation time No collisions possible during priority portion of packet cycle following preceding packet Highest priority message has predictable response time

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Link LayerMedia Access Benefits

Linear response time over 99% of channel bandwidth Critical for open media such as power line Remove and attach devices without halting communications Predictable performance for high-priority messages

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Link Layer709.1 MAC vs. Ethernet

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from: Computer Networks, Andrew S. Tanenbaum, Fourth Edition, 2003.

Layer 3Network Layer

Message delivery
1 SUBNET 1 127

How data frames are routed from a source device to one or more destination devices Physical address
127

SUBNET 2

48-bit Neuron IDused for initial configuration Logical addresses Domain Identifies subsystem on open media or large system
127

1 GROUP 1

SUBNET 3 127

SUBNET 4

Subnet Subset of a domain typically associated with a channel Node Identifies device within subnet Group Additional device identifiers independent of subnet

SUBNET 255

127

DOMAIN (32,385 Devices)

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Network LayerAddressing Modes

Address Mode Domain-wide Broadcast Address Format Domain (Subnet = 0) Destinatio n All devices in the domain All devices in the subnet Address Size (bytes)

Subnet-wide Broadcast Unicast

Domain, Subnet

Specific 4 device within a subnet l Optimize bandwidth with multiple addressing modes Multicast Domain, Group All devices 3 l Application communications only requires 3- or 4in byte network addresses the group 23 l Send messages to many devices using only a Neuron ID Domain, Neuron- Specific Domain, Subnet, Node

Network LayerCapacity
Room to grow from a few devices to millions 18,446,744,073,726,329,086 domains 255 subnets per domain 127 devices per subnet 32,385 devices per domain 256 groups per domain 64 devices per acknowledged group 32,385 devices per unacknowledged group

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Network LayerRouters
Domain Subnet 1

...

Subnet 2 Channel

Subnet 1

Router

Repeater Subnet 5

Group 1

Router

Subnet 3 Group 1

Router

Group 2

Repeater

Subnet 4

Extend channel segments Improve reliability Increase overall bandwidth Simplify network configuration Routers are transparent to devices and applications
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Layer 4Transport Layer

End-to-end reliabilityallows reliable delivery of message packets Three message delivery services Acknowledged

Sending device requires acknowledgment from all receiving devices All acknowledgments are end-to-end Automatic retries if acknowledgement not received Configurable number of messages per transaction Conserves bandwidth with large groups Better response time Three repeats provides > 99.999% probability of delivery One message per transaction

Acknowledged - Unicast

R R RR

Repeated

Acknowledged - Multicast

Unacknowledged

RepeatedUnicast or Multicast

Conserves network bandwidth and provides highest performance Unacknowledged Unicast or Multicast Duplicate detection prevents repeated messages to the

application
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Layer 5Session Layer

Adds control to the data exchanged by the lower layers
S R R R R R

Request/response service Used for device management, fetching values, and requesting other remote actions Authentication Verifies identity of message sender

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Session LayerAuthentication
Sender
Authenticated Message 64 bit Random Challenge Key used to transform challenge Challenge Response Acknowledgment Key used to compare response to value transformed locally.

Receiver

Verifies identity of message sender Uses a 48-bit secret key known by each device Sender must provide correct reply to 64-bit random challenge from the receiver
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Layer 6Presentation Layer

Room Temp Temp Set Point Temp Sensor (Made in USA)

Boiler System (Made in Europe)

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Setpoint Display (Made in Korea)

Set Point

Data exchanged using network variables Propagation automatically handled by Neuron firmware Provides fastest and most compact code Devices from different manufacturers can exchange data with a common interpretation
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Presentation LayerConnections

Motion

Room Occupied Brightness

Feedback

Motion Detector

Lamp
0% - 100% Key Code

Control Knob
Intruder Arm / Disarm

Alarm

Key Pad

Alarm Bell

Sensors publish information, and actuators subscribe to information Devices are logically connected Connections do not affect device applications
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Presentation LayerStandard Types

Standard network variable types Over 170 standard types defined at types.LONMARK.org XML definitions available for easy input/translation/interpretation by other systems

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Presentation LayerStandard Formatting

Ensures consistent data presentation in tools and HMIs Example A SNVT_temp_p value of 2940 is displayed as follows:

29.4 degrees C 84.9 degrees F 52.9 degrees F

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Layer 7Application Layer

Defines standard network services that use data exchanged by the lower layers Network configuration and diagnostics File transfer Application configuration, diagnostics, management, and specification Standard profiles

Alarming Data logging Scheduling More than 60 others

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Application LayerApplication Configuration

Configuration properties characterize the behavior of a device in the system Types define data encoding, scaling, units, default value, range, and behavior Standard configuration property types defined at types.LONMARK.org XML definitions available for easy input/translation/interpretation by other systems

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Application LayerApplication Specification

Node Object
Mandatory Network Variables nv1 nviRequest SNVT_obj_request nv2 nvoStatus SNVT_obj_status

Functional block Portion of a devices application that performs a task Receives configuration and operational data inputs Processes the data Sends operational data outputs

Optional Network Variables nv3 nviTimeSet SNVT_time_stamp nv10 nvoAlarm2 SNVT_alarm_2 nv4 nv9 nv5 nv7 nviDateEvent SNVT_date_event nviFileReq SNVT_file_req nviFilePos SNVT_file_pos nvoAlarm SNVT_alarm

nv11 nvoDateResync SNVT_switch nv6 nv8 nvoFileStat SNVT_file_status nvoFileDirectory SNVT_address

nv12 nviLogReq SNVT_log_req

nv13 nvoLogStat SNVT_log_status

Configuration Properties Mandatory Optional Device Major Version Device Minor Version Functional Block Major Version Functional Block Minor Version Location Maximum Status Send Time Minimum Send Time (Send Throttle) Network Configuration Source

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Application LayerStandard Profiles

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