CT (computerized tomography) -uses a sophisticated X ray machine combined with a computer to create a detailed picture of the bodys tissues

and structure -contrast material (dye) is used to make it easier to see abnormal tissue due to specific absorption rates. Function: used as preventive medicine or screening for disease. Advantage: - CT completely eliminates the superimposition of images of structures outside the area of interest. -because of the inherent high-contrast resolution of CT, differences between tissues that differ in physical density by less than 1% can be distinguished. -highly detailed -quick and convenient and noninvasive -data from a single CT imaging procedure can be viewed as images in the axial, coronal, or sagittal planes, depending on the diagnostic task. This is referred to as multiplanar reformatted imaging. Disadvantages: - Misinterpretation as it is so detailed and It might alert the doctor to minor abnormalities -CT radiation exposure will result new cancer cases like lung cancer, colon cancer, and leukemia. -CT scans rely on contrast agents which causes nausea and discomfort, severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reactions and kidney damage -3D image can only be created using Digital geometry processing from a large series of twodimensional X-ray images taken around a single axis of rotation MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging) - use the property of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to image nuclei of atoms inside the body. - use a magnetic field from super-cooled magnets and distinguish healthy and diseased tissue - contrast agent is used Function: MRI is used to distinguish pathologic tissue (such as a brain tumor) from normal tissue. Advantage:-can provide pictures from various angles and construct a 3D image - provides good contrast between the different soft tissues of the body, which makes it especially useful in imaging the brain, muscles, the heart, and cancers compared with CT - Unlike CT scans or traditional X-rays, MRI is harmless because it doesnt use ionizing radiation -While CT provides good spatial resolution (the ability to distinguish two separate structures by an arbitrarily small distance from each other), MRI provides comparable resolution with far better contrast resolution (the ability to distinguish the diff between two arbitrarily similar but not identical tissues) Disadvantage: -People with pacemakers cannot have MRIs -some people who are morbidly obese cannot fit in into an MRI system. -Claustrophobic patients cannot usually make it through a MRI -The machine makes a tremendous amount of noise during a scan - MRI scans require patients to hold still for extended periods of time. MRI exams can range in length from 20 minutes to 90 minutes or more. Even very slight movement of the part being scanned can cause distorted images which means the scanning will need to be repeated. -Orthopedic hardware (screws, plates, artificial joints) in the area of a scan can cause severe distortions on the images.

-people with kidney disease or on dialysis are likely to develop an incurable condition called Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis (NSF) from the MRI dye injection gadolinium.

PET (Positron Emission Tomography) -measure emissions from positron-emitting molecules -shows 3D image of molecular function and activity not structure, so can differentiate between normal and abnormal tissue - uses a radiotracer Function: medical n research tool to see how organs n tissues inside your body are actually functioning Advantages: -While CT and MRI isolate organic anatomic changes in the body, PET can detect areas of molecular biology detail (even prior to anatomic change) -Changing of regional blood flow in various anatomic structures (as a measure of the injected positron emitter) can be visualized and relatively quantified with a PET scan. -PET can target the radiochemicals used for particular bodily functions for curing diseases Disadvantages: -minor radiation -low spatial resolution. Small abnormalities may be difficult to distinguish due to movement of patient and limited safety amount of radiotracer -patient with difficulty to remain still as it takes time for the radiotracer to reach the appropriate area and scanning might be uncomfortable. 2. Read the experiment related to the split brain surgery, find out how a person functions when the corpus collasum is cut and there is no connection between the two hemispheres. 3. In addition to that, read the part on the endocrine system. I feel it is self explanatory and you can learn it on your own. If you have questions, ask when we return to college