ООП в Python

=======================================
# # ��
# ��:
# �� - ��
# �� , ��
# �� , �.�. ��
# ��
# ��
# �� (�� . modern � ��, ��, ��)
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��.
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��
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#
# # ��
# �� ?
# �� - �� -��.
# �� .
# ��-��
# �� -�� (��) ��
# �� :
# �� Point ��
# � �� (�� - �� , �� )
# � �� (� �� - �� , ��
��)
# �� :
# """�� """
# �� :
# print(Point.__doc__)
# �� :
# print(Point.__name__)
# �� :
# print(dir(Point))
class Point:
"""�� """
x = 1
y = 7
# print(Point.__doc__)
# print(Point.__name__)
# print(dir(Point))
pt = Point() # ��

# ��
print(pt.__dict__) # {} �� , �.�. ��
# �� pt - �� , � �� x y.
# �� Point
# �� (��) �� Point
# ��-�� (��) �� Point
# �� (�� )
print(pt.x, pt.y) # �� x y (1 7)
Point.x = 100 # �� x
print(pt.x, pt.y) # �� x y (100 7)
# �� , �� Point.
# ��
print(id(pt), id(Point), sep='\n')
# id 3940280
# id 4036488
# ��
# �� pt
pt.x = 24
pt.y = 37
# � �� pt �� x y
# �� Point.
print(pt.x, pt.y) # �� x y (24 37)
print(Point.x, Point.y) # �� x y (100 7)
# ��
print(pt.__dict__) # {'x': 24, 'y': 37} ��
# �� Point � � �� pt �� (��)
# � �� (��) �� :
# getattr(obj, name[, default]) = ��
# setattr(obj, name, value) = �� (�� , ��
��)
# delattr(obj, name) = �� name
# hasattr(obj, name) = �� name � obj
print(getattr(pt, 'x')) # 24
# �� 'x' �� pt = ��
# ��
print(getattr(pt, 'z', False)) # False
# �� 'z' � �� pt
setattr(pt, 'z', 44)
# �� pt
print(pt.__dict__) # {'x': 24, 'y': 37, 'z': 44}
# �� 'z' �� pt
delattr(pt, 'z')
# �� pt
print(pt.__dict__) # {'x': 24, 'y': 37}
# �� Point
# ��
print()
Point.z = 100 # �� 'z' � �� Point
# �� Point
print(Point.__dict__)
del Point.z # �� 'z' �� Point
# �� Point
# �� 'z' � �� Point
setattr(Point, 'z', 150)
# �� Point
# �� 'z' �� Point
delattr(Point, 'z')
# �� Point
# ��
# �� pt �� Point
print(isinstance(pt, Point)) # True (pt �� Point)
# �� type(obj)
print(type(pt)) # <class '__main__.Point'> pt �� Point
# ��
print(type(pt) == Point) # True (pt �� Point)
# �� x y �� pt
del pt.x
del pt.y
# �� pt
print(pt.__dict__) # {} ��
# �� pt �� Point
print(pt.x, pt.y) # 100 7
print(Point.x, Point.y) # 100 7
# �� Point

def myf(obj, attr):
if hasattr(obj, attr):
delattr(obj, attr)
print(f"�� {attr} �� {obj}")
else:
print(f"�� {attr} � �� {obj} ��")
#
myf(Point, 'z') # �� z � �� <class '__main__.Point'> ��

myf(pt, 'z') # �� z � �� <__main__.Point object at 0x00831FB8> ��
pt.x = 1234
# �� pt
print(pt.__dict__)
myf(pt, 'x')
# �� pt
print(pt.__dict__)
=======================================
# # ��
#
#
# class<�� >:
# ��(��, ��, ��, ��) - �� (��
��)
# ��(��) - �� (��
��)
# class Point:
# x = 0
# y = 0
# def setCoord(self):
# pass
# �� self ��
# �� Python ��
# �� self �� (�� )
# �� self �� , ��
# pt = Point() �� Point
# pt.setCoord() �� pt � self �� pt
# pt2 = Point() �� Point
# pt2.setCoord() �� pt2 � self �� pt2
# class Point:
# x = 0
# y = 0
#
# def set_coord(self):
# print(self.__dict__) # ��
# pt = Point()
# pt.set_coord() # {} ��
# ��
# pt.x = 5
# pt.y = 10
# pt.set_coord() # {'x': 5, 'y': 10}
# �� self �� pt
# � �� self �� set_coord()
# ��
#
# class Point:
# x = 0
# y = 0
#
# def set_coord(self, x, y):
# self.x = x
# self.y = y
#
#
# pt = Point()
# pt.set_coord(10, 20)
# print(pt.__dict__) # {'x': 10, 'y': 20}
# �� - �� pt
# print(Point.__dict__) # 'x': 0, 'y': 0
# �� Point
# (�� , � �� Point)
# �� Point ��
��
# �� set_coord() �� Point = ��
# Point.set_coord(10, 20) = ��
# pt2 = Point()
# Point.set_coord(pt2, 30, 40) # pt2.set_coord(30, 40) �� =
��
# print(pt2.__dict__) # {'x': 30, 'y': 40}
#
#
#
#
#
# � �� Python �� :
# �� - �� - ��
#
#
#
# �� __init__(self) ��(��)
# �� pt
# � �� pt
# �� pt
# �� pt ��
# �� __init__(self) ��
#
#
#
# �� __del__(self) ��(��)
# ��
# �� pt
# �� pt �� ,
# �� pt
# ��
# pt = Point() pt �� Point()
# pt = 0 pt �� 0 �� Point() ��
# �� pt ��
# �� __del__(self) ��
#
#
# �� :
class Point:
def __init__(self, x=0, y=0):
print("�� Point : " + str(self)) # self.__str__()
��
self.x = x
self.y = y
def __del__(self):
print("�� : " + self.__str__()) # self.__str__() ��
��
pt = Point() # �� Point : <__main__.Point object at

0x00531FB8>
print(pt) # <__main__.Point object at 0x00531FB
print(pt.__dict__) # {'x': 0, 'y': 0}
#
pt1 = Point(5) # �� Point : <__main__.Point object at
0x0054B0E8>
print(pt1) # <__main__.Point object at 0x0054B0E8>
print(pt1.__dict__) # {'x': 5, 'y': 0}
#
pt2 = Point(5, 7) # �� Point : <__main__.Point object at
0x0054B058>
print(pt2) # <__main__.Point object at 0x0054B058>
print(pt2.__dict__) # {'x': 5, 'y': 7}
# ��
# �� : <__main__.Point object at 0x00531FB8>
# �� : <__main__.Point object at 0x0054B0E8>
# �� : <__main__.Point object at 0x0054B058>
#
#
#
#
# �� __new__() ��
# (�� -�� )
# class Point:
# def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
# print("�� __new__ �� " + str(cls))
# return super().__new__(cls)
#
# def __init__(self, x=0, y=0):
# print("�� __init__ �� " + str(self))
# self.x = x
# self.y = y
# � �� __new__ �� cls
# �� cls �� Point
# �� , �� __new__ ��,
# �� ,
# �� (�� ) ��.
# �� __init__
# �� __new__ �� .
# �� return � �� __new__
# �� __init__ �� .
#
# � �� __init__ �� self
# �� self �� Point
# �� pt = Point() �� self �� pt
#
# cls �� , � self ��
#
# �� __new__ �� : return
super().__new__(cls)
# super() - ��
# �� __new__ (��
�� )
# � � �� cls - �� Point
# � �� __new__ �� object ��
�� Point
# � ��
object
#
# ��
# �� __new__
# � �� (1, 2) �� *args
# pt = Point(1, 2)
# print(pt)
# �� __new__ �� <class '__main__.Point'>
# �� __init__ �� <__main__.Point object at 0x0071B088>
# <__main__.Point object at 0x0071B088> - �� pt
#
#
# �� Singleton
#
# �� , ��
# �� .
# ��
# �� . (�� )
# �� .
# Singleton - �� , �� /
��.
# ��:
class DataBase:
__instance = None
def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
if cls.__instance is None:
cls.__instance = super().__new__(cls)
return cls.__instance
def __del__(self):
DataBase.__instance = None
def __init__(self, user, psw, port):

self.user = user
self.psw = psw
self.port = port
def connect(self):
print(f"�� : {self.user}, {self.psw}, {self.port}")
def close(self):
print("�� ")
def read(self):
return "�� "
def write(self, data):

print(f"�� : {data}")
# ��

# �� : __instance = None
# �� :
# �� - �� None
# �� - ��
# � �� , ��
# �� __new__
# �� cls.__instance �� None
# �� : cls.__instance = super().__new__(cls)
# � �� return cls.__instance
# �� cls.__instance �� None,
# �� ,
# � �� return cls.__instance
#
# �� DataBase
#
# � �� __del__ ��
# �� __instance �� DataBase �� None
# � �� DataBase
db = DataBase('root', 1234, 80)

db2 = DataBase('root2', 5678, 40)
print(id(db), id(db2))
# �� id �� = �� : 11776304 11776304
# ��
#
db.connect() # �� : root2, 5678, 40

db2.connect() # �� : root2, 5678, 40
# �� db = DataBase('root', 1234, 80)
# �� root2, 5678, 40
# �� , ��
# ��
# � ��
# ��
# �� __call__
# def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
#
#
#
#
# �� (classmethod) � �� (staticmethod) | �� Python
#
class Vector:
MIN_COORD = 0
MAX_COORD = 100
@classmethod
def validate(cls, arg):
return cls.MIN_COORD <= arg <= cls.MAX_COORD
def __init__(self, x, y):

self.x = self.y = 0
if self.validate(x) and self.validate(y):
self.x = x
self.y = y
def get_coord(self):
return self.x, self.y
v = Vector(1, 2) # � __init__ �� x, y ��

��
res = v.get_coord() # ��
print(res) # (1, 2)
# �� get_coord() - �� , �� : v.get_coord()
# �� (� ��
Vector)
res = Vector.get_coord(v)
print(res) # (1, 2)
# ��
# �� (� �� v) ��
# ��
# �� : @classmethod � @staticmethod
#
# �� @classmethod :
# � �� :
# �� MIN_COORD = 0 � MAX_COORD = 0
# �� @classmethod def validate(cls):
# �� cls - �� Vector
# �� (� �� arg)
# �� cls.MIN_COORD <= arg <= cls.MAX_COORD
# � �� True �� False
# �� @classmethod �� ,
# ��
# �� cls � �� self
# �� @classmethod �� (�
�� Vector)
print(Vector.validate(5)) # True
class Vector:
MIN_COORD = 0
MAX_COORD = 100
@classmethod
def validate(cls, arg):
return cls.MIN_COORD <= arg <= cls.MAX_COORD

self.x = self.y = 0
if self.validate(x) and self.validate(y):
self.x = x
self.y = y
print(Vector.norm2(self.x, self.y))
return self.x, self.y
@staticmethod
def norm2(x, y):
return x*x + y*y
v = Vector(10, 20) # � __init__ �� x, y ��

��
res = v.get_coord()
print(res)
# �� __init__
# if Vector.validate(x) and Vector.validate(y):
# �� False x = 0 y = 0
#
# ��
# if self.validate(x) and self.validate(y):
# self - ��
# ��
# �� validate()
# � �� cls - �� (� �� Vector)
# �� Vector, �� - ��
#
#
#
# �� @staticmethod :
# �� , ��
��
# ��
# ��
# �� , �� -��
(�� )
res = Vector.norm2(5, 6)
print(res) # 61
# ��
# print(Vector.norm2(self.x, self.y))
# �� self (�� )
# print(self.norm2(self.x, self.y))
# � �� : return x*x + y*y +
Vector.MAX_COORD
# �� , �� (� �� Vector) ��
� ��
# �� - ��
@classmethod
#
# ��:
# �� (�� ) ��
# � �� self (�� ) �� (� �� x y
�� v)
# � � �� (� �� MIN_COORD MAX_COORD �� Vector).
#
# �� @classmethod ��
# � �� cls (�� ) �� (� �� MIN_COORD
MAX_COORD �� Vector)
# �� (�� self - �� ).
#
# �� @staticmethod ��
��
# �� , �� -��
# � ��
#
#
# �� , �� @staticmethod
#
# �� - �� ,
# ��
# � �� .
# �� = �� ,
# ��
# � �� .
#
#
class Point2D:
__count = 0

Point2D.__count += 1
self.__x = x
self.__y = y
def __del__(self):
print("�� " + str(self))
# def get_count(self):
# return self.__count
@staticmethod
def get_count():
return Point2D.__count
return self.__x, self.__y
def set_coord(self, x, y):

self.__x = x
self.__y = y
# p = Point2D()
# p1 = Point2D()
# p2 = Point2D()
# print(p.count)
# print(p1.count)
# print(p2.count)
# Point2D.count = 100
# print(p.count, p1.count, p2.count) # 100 100 100
# �� count - ��
# ��
# (�� )
# �� p1 p2
# �� count
# p1.count = 10
# p2.count = 50
# print(p.count, p1.count, p2.count) # 100 10 50
# �� p1 p2 �� count,
# �� Point2D,
# � �� p ��-�� count �� Point2D.
# �� __x __y
# �� (� �� )
#
# ��
# (�� )
# � �� Point2D �� __x __y ��
# � ��
# �� get_coord() � set_coord()
# �� count: __count
# � �� __init__(self, x=0, y=0)
# �� __count,
# ��
# � �� __count
# �� get_count()
#
# �� - ��
# ��
p = Point2D()
p1 = Point2D()
p2 = Point2D()
# �� __count ��
# print(Point2D.get_count(p)) # 3
# �� self
# �� __count ��
print(p.get_count()) # 3
# �� Point2D
# ��
# �� Point2D (�� __count)
# �� __count
# � ��
# ��
# � �� @staticmethod
# � �� self �� Point2D.__count
# � ��
# �� Point2D
# ��
print(Point2D.get_count()) # 3
print(p.get_count()) # 3
#
# �� __x __y ��
print(p.__dict__) # {'_Point2D__x': 0, '_Point2D__y': 0}
print(p1.__dict__) # {'_Point2D__x': 0, '_Point2D__y': 0}
print(p2.__dict__) # {'_Point2D__x': 0, '_Point2D__y': 0}
# �� x � ��
# print(p.__x) # AttributeError: 'Point2D' object has no attribute '__x'
# print(p.x) # AttributeError: 'Point2D' object has no attribute 'x'
#
# �� x y �� get_coord() � set_coord()
print(p.get_coord()) # (0, 0)
print(p1.get_coord()) # (0, 0)
# �� x y �� p1 p2
p1.set_coord(1, 2)
p2.set_coord(3, 5)
# �� __x __y ��
print(p.get_coord()) # (0, 0)
#
#
# �� Singleton
#
#
# �.�. ��
# ��
# �� Point2D.
# �� Point2D:
#
# �� __instance = None
# �� __new__
# �� , �� Point2D
# ��
# def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
# if not isinstance(cls.__instance, cls):
# cls.__instance = super(Point2D, cls).__new__(cls)
# else:
# print("�� " + str(cls.__instance))
#
# �� cls �� Point2D
# �� :
# if not isinstance(cls.__instance, cls)
# �� cls.__instance
# �� cls (��-�� __instance = None)
# �� cls.__instance = super(Point2D, cls).__new__(cls)
# �� super
# �� , �� (Point2D, cls)
# �� .__new__(cls) ��
# � �� cls.__instance =
# �.�. �� None �� Point2D
# � �� : "�� "
#
class Point2D:
__count = 0
__instance = None
def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):

if not isinstance(cls.__instance, cls):
cls.__instance = super(Point2D, cls).__new__(cls)
else:
print("�� "+ str(cls.__instance))

Point2D.__count += 1
self.__x = x
self.__y = y
def __del__(self):
print("�� " + str(self))
# def get_count(self):
# return self.__count
@staticmethod
def get_count():
return Point2D.__count
return self.__x, self.__y
def set_coord(self, x, y):

self.__x = x
self.__y = y
p = Point2D()
p1 = Point2D()
p2 = Point2D()
print(id(p), id(p1), id(p2))
#
# ��
# �� <__main__.Point2D object at 0x007FB0A0>
# 1622887656 1622887656 1622887656
# �� p = Point2D()
# �� p1 � p2 �� p
# �� id � ��
#
#
=======================================
# # �� : public, private, protected / �� / ��-
�� (property) / ��
#
#
# # �� :
# �� - public, private, protected
# �� 1
# ��-�� (property) � ��
#
#
# class Point:
# self.x = x
# self.y = y
#
#
# pt = Point(1, 2)
# # ��
# # ��
# print(pt.x, pt.y)
# # ��
# pt.x = 10
# pt.y = "abc"
# print(pt.x, pt.y)
#
# �� (�� )
# �� :
#
# attribute (�� ) � ��
(public);
#
# _attribute (� �� ) � �� protected
# (�� )
#
# __attribute (� �� ) � �� private (��
�� )
#
# �� = private
# class Point:
# self.__x = x
# self.__y = y
#
# if (isinstance(x, int) or isinstance(x, float)) and \
# (isinstance(y, int) or isinstance(y, float)):
# self.__x = x
# self.__y = y
# else: print("�� ")
#
# def get_coord(self):
# return self.__x, self.__y
#
#
# pt = Point(1, 2)
# �� = private
# ��
# print(pt.x, pt.y) ��
# ��
# �� = ��
# �� = ��
# ��
# print(pt.get_coord()) # ��
# pt.set_coord(10, 20) # ��
# print(pt.get_coord()) # ��
# ��
# �� : ��
# if (isinstance(x, int) or isinstance(x, float)) and \
# (isinstance(y, int) or isinstance(y, float)):
# � �� \ ��
# ��
# pt.set_coord('10', 'abc') # ��
# print(pt.get_coord()) # �� / ��
#
# �� private-��
# def __checkValue(self): �� self
# �.�. ��
(��)
# � ��
# if Point.__check_value(x) and Point.__check_value(y):
# �� True, �� x y
# class Point:
# self.__x = x
# self.__y = y
#
# def __check_value(a):
# if isinstance(a, int) or isinstance(a, float):
# return True
# return False
#
# if Point.__check_value(x) and Point.__check_value(y):
# self.__x = x
# self.__y = y
#
# return self.__x, self.__y
#
#
# pt = Point(1, 2)
# print(pt.get_coord())
# pt.set_coord('10', 'abc') # ��
# print(pt.get_coord()) # �� / ��
#
# �� , � Python ��
�� .
# �� :
# print(dir(pt))
# �� , ��: '_Point__check_value', '_Point__x',
'_Point__y',
# _�� __��
# _�� __��
# �� , � ��
�� pt � �� :
# print(f" pt._Point__x : {pt._Point__x}")
# print(f" pt._Point__y : {pt._Point__y}")
# print(Point._Point__check_value(25))
# ��, ��
�� ,
# ��
��.
# ��, �� .
#
# ��
��
# �� __setattr__, __getattribute__, __getattr__ �
__delattr__
#
# __setattr__(self, key, value)__ � ��
key ��;
#
# __getattribute__(self, item) � ��
�� item;
#
# __getattr__(self, item) � ��
�� item ��;
#
# __delattr__(self, item) � �� item (��
��: �� ).
#
# class Point:
# MAX_COORD = 100
# MIN_COORD = 0
#
# self.x = x
# self.y = y
#
# if self.MIN_COORD <= x and y <= self.MAX_COORD:
# self.x = x
# self.y = y
#
# def set_bound(self, left):
# self.MIN_COORD = left
#
#
# pt1 = Point(1, 2)
# print(pt1.__dict__)
# pt2 = Point(10, 20)
# print(pt2.__dict__)
#
# �� class Point ��
# � ��
# � �� :
# �� MAX_COORD MIN_COORD
# �� def __init__() def set_coord()
# �� (� �� )
# �� (��)
# ��
# �.�. ��
# ��
# �.�. �� -�� ,
# ��
# print(pt1.MAX_COORD) # � pt1 ��
��
# print(pt2.MIN_COORD) # � pt2 ��
��
#
# �� -��
# ��
# if Point.MIN_COORD <= x <= Point.MAX_COORD:
# ��
# if self.MIN_COORD <= x <= self.MAX_COORD:
# pt1.set_coord(-10, 200) # ��
#
# �� MIN_COORD
# �� public-��
# def set_bound(self, left):
# self.MIN_COORD = left
# �� self.MIN_COORD = left ��
MIN_COORD
# �� :
# �� self �� , ��
# �� , ��
# �.�. �� (��)
# print(pt1.__dict__) # {'x': 1, 'y': 2} �� MIN_COORD � ��
# pt1.set_bound(50)
# print(pt1.__dict__) # {'x': 1, 'y': 2, 'MIN_COORD': 50} ��
# print(Point.__dict__) # 'MAX_COORD': 100, 'MIN_COORD': 0, ��
# ��
# � �� :
# class Point:
# MAX_COORD = 100
# MIN_COORD = 0
#
# self.x = x
# self.y = y
#
# self.x = x
# self.y = y
#
# @classmethod
# def set_bound(cls, left):
# cls.MIN_COORD = left
#
#
# pt = Point(1, 2)
# print(pt.__dict__) # {'x': 1, 'y': 2}
# print(Point.__dict__) # 'MAX_COORD': 100, 'MIN_COORD': 0,
# pt.set_bound(50) # �� pt
# print(pt.__dict__) # {'x': 1, 'y': 2}
# print(Point.__dict__) # 'MAX_COORD': 100, 'MIN_COORD': 50,
#
# ��
# � ��
#
# ��
# class Point:
# MAX_COORD = 100
# MIN_COORD = 0
#
#
#
# self.x = x
# self.y = y
#
# self.x = x
# self.y = y
#
# def __getattribute__(self, item):
# print("�� __getattribute__()")
# if item == 'x':
# raise ValueError(f"�� {item} ��")
# else:
# return object.__getattribute__(self, item)
#
# def __setattr__(self, key, value):
# if key == 'e':
# raise AttributeError("�� ")
# else:
# print(f"�� __setattr__() : �� {key} ��
�� {value}")
# object.__setattr__(self, key, value)
# # �� = �� ,
# # �� - ��
# # self.__dict__[key] = value
# # self.x = value # ��
�� = ��
#
# def __getattr__(self, item):
# print(f"�� __getattr__() : �� {item} �� ")
# return False
#
# def __delattr__(self, item):
# print(f"�� __delattr__() : �� {item} ")
# object.__delattr__(self, item)
#
# �� def __getattribute__(self, item):
# �� , ��
# �� object
# ��
# �� object.__getattribute__( )
# � �� object.__getattribute__(self, item)
# �� __getattribute__
#
# pt = Point(1, 2)
# a = pt.x # �� __getattribute__()
# print(a) # 1
# a = pt.y # �� __getattribute__()
# print(a) # 2
# �� -�� x �� pt
# ��
# ��
# ��
# if item == 'x':
# raise ValueError(f"�� {item} ��")
# else:
# �� x �� ValueError
#
# �� def __setattr__(self, key, value):
# �� , �� -��
# def __setattr__(self, key, value):
# print(f"�� __setattr__() : �� {key} ��
{value}")
# object.__setattr__(self, key, value)
# pt = Point(1, 2)
# print(pt.__dict__) # {'x': 1, 'y': 2}
# pt.z = 5
# print(pt.__dict__) # {'x': 1, 'y': 2, 'z': 5}
# �� __setattr__() :
# �� x �� 1
# �� __setattr__() :
# �� y �� 2
# �� __getattribute__()
# {'x': 1, 'y': 2}
# �� __setattr__() :
# �� z �� 5
# �� __getattribute__()
# {'x': 1, 'y': 2, 'z': 5}
# # ��

��
# pt.e = 5 # �� AttributeError: ��
#
# �� def __getattr__(self, item):
# �� , ��
��
# print(pt.MIN_COORD) # 0
# print(pt.z) # 5
# print(pt.ww) # ��
# �� __getattr__() : �� ww ��
# None # ��
# �� False ��
# �� return False
# return False
# ��
# return print(f"�� __getattr__() : �� {item} ��
")
# � ��
#
#
# �� def __delattr__(self, item):
# �� , �� -��
# del pt.z
# print(pt.__dict__)
#
# �� __slots__ = ["x", "y", "z"]
# ��
# �� MAX_COORD ��
#
#
#
# class Point:
# MAX_COORD = 100
# MIN_COORD = 0
#
# __slots__ = ["__x", "__y", "__z"]
#
# def __init__(self, x=0, y=0, z=0):
# self.__x = x
# self.__y = y
# self.__z = z
#
# def __check_value(x):
# if isinstance(x, int) or isinstance(x, float):
# return True
# return False
#
# def set_coord(self, x, y, z):
# if Point.__check_value(x) and Point.__check_value(y) and
Point.__check_value(z):
# self.__x = x
# self.__y = y
# self.__z = z
#
# return self.__x, self.__y, self.__z
#
#
# pt = Point(1, 2, 3)
# print(pt.get_coord()) # (1, 2, 3)
# pt1 = Point()
# print(pt1.get_coord()) # (0, 0, 0)
# pt1.e = 25 # AttributeError: 'Point' object has no attribute 'e'
# �� "e" �� __slots__ = ["__x", "__y",
"__z"]
#
#
# ��-�� (property) � ��
#
# ��
# �� -�� (property)
#
# class Point:
# self.__x = x
# self.__y = y
#
# return True
# return False
#
# def __get_x(self):
# print("�� get_x")
# return self.__x
#
# def __set_x(self, x):
# print("�� set_x")
# if Point.__check_value(x):
# self.__x = x
# else:
# raise ValueError("�� : x")
#
# def __get_y(self):
# print("�� get_y")
# return self.__y
#
# def __set_y(self, y):
# print("�� set_y")
# if Point.__check_value(y):
# self.__y = y
# else:
# raise ValueError("�� : y")
#
# def __del_coord_x(self):
# print("�� : x")
# del self.__x
#
# def __del_coord_y(self):
# print("�� : y")
# del self.__y
#
# coord_x = property(__get_x, __set_x, __del_coord_x)
# coord_y = property(__get_y, __set_y, __del_coord_y)
#
#
# pt = Point()
#
# pt.coord_x = 100 # ��
# x = pt.coord_x # ��
# print(x)
#
# pt.coord_y = 50
# y = pt.coord_y
# print(y)
#
# del pt.coord_x # �� __x
# pt.coord_x = 7 # �� __x
# x = pt.coord_x # �� __x
# ��:
# �� class Point
# �� coord_x � �� , �� :
# (�� , �� )
# �� pt.coord_x = 100
# �� x = pt.coord_x
# � ��
# � �� __check_value(x)
# �� ,
# �� (�� )
# �.�. �� pt.get(x)
# � �� class Point
# �� property, �� coord_x.
# ��
# coord_x = property(__get_x, __set_x)
# �� : ��
# �.�. ��: pt.coord_x = 100 �� __set_x
# �.�. ��: x = pt.coord_x �� __get_x
# coord_y = property(__get_y, __set_y)
# �.�. ��: pt.coord_y = 100 �� __set_y
# �.�. ��: x = pt.coord_y �� __get_y
# �� coord_x �� ,
# �� :
# �� __del_coord_x()
# � �� coord_x �� __del_coord_x
# coord_x = property(__get_x, __set_x, __del_coord_x)
# �� del pt.coord_x
# �� __x �� pt, � �� coord_x
# � �� x = pt.coord_x
# �� AttributeError: 'Point' object has no attribute '_Point__x'
#
#
# �� -�� (��-�� coord_x / ��-
�� coord_y)
#
#
# ��
# class Point:
# self.__x = x
# self.__y = y
#
# return True
# return False
#
# @property
# def coord_x(self):
# print("�� get_x")
# return self.__x
#
# @coord_x.setter
# def coord_x(self, x):
# print("�� set_x")
# if Point.__check_value(x):
# self.__x = x
# else:
# raise ValueError("�� : x")
#
# @coord_x.deleter
# def coord_x(self):
# print("�� : x")
# del self.__x
#
# @property
# def coord_y(self):
# print("�� get_y")
# return self.__y
#
# @coord_y.setter
# def coord_y(self, y):
# print("�� set_y")
# if Point.__check_value(y):
# self.__y = y
# else:
# raise ValueError("�� : y")
#
# @coord_y.deleter
# def coord_y(self):
# print("�� : y")
# del self.__y
#
#
# pt = Point()
# print(pt.__dict__) # {'_Point__x': 0, '_Point__y': 0}
# pt.coord_y = 100
# del pt.coord_y # �� __y
# print(pt.__dict__) # {'_Point__x': 0}
# pt.coord_y = 7
# ��
#
#
#
# ��
#
# � �� DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself) = ��
��,
# � �� __y �� , ��
�� __x
# ��
# �� - ��
# � �� __get__(), __set__(), __del__()
# ��
# (� �� )
#
# class CoordValue:
# def __get__(self, instance, owner):
# return self.value
#
# def __set__(self, instance, value):
# self.value = value
#
# def __delete__(self, obj):
# del self.value
#
#
# class Point:
# coord_x = CoordValue() # coord_x - ��
# coord_y = CoordValue() # coord_y - ��
#
# self.coord_x = x # �� coord_x ��
x
# self.coord_y = y # �� coord_y ��
x
# pt = Point(1, 2)
# print(pt.__dir__())
# print(pt.coord_x, pt.coord_y)
# pt.coord_x = 5 # ��
# print(pt.coord_x, pt.coord_y)
# # hasattr(obj, name) = �� name � obj
# print(hasattr(pt, 'coord_x')) # True
# del pt.coord_x # �� __x
# # hasattr(obj, name) = �� name � obj
# print(hasattr(pt, 'coord_x')) # False
# pt.coord_x = 7
# �� :
#
# �� class CoordValue (��)
# � �� -�� class Point
# ��
# coord_x = CoordValue() # coord_x - �� .
# coord_y = CoordValue() # coord_y - �� .
# � �� value (� �� )
# � �� .
# �� pt = Point(1, 2)
# �� def __init__(self, x=0, y=0)
# �� 1 �� value �� coord_x
# �� 2 �� value �� coord_y
# ��, �� pt ��
print(pt.coord_x, pt.coord_y)
# �� class Point coord_x �
coord_y
# �.�. �� value
# � ��
# print(id(Point.coord_x), id(pt.coord_x))
# 1626515472 1626515472 - ��
# �� , �� self � ��
# self.coord_x = x
# self.coord_y = y
# �� pt ?
# �� , �� self.coord_x = x
# �� , �� ,
# �� class CoordValue: def __set__(self, instance, value)
# �� : �� value �� coord_x
# � �� , �� pt ��
# ��
# ��
# pt1 = Point(1, 2)
# pt2 = Point(10, 20)
# print(pt1.coord_x, pt1.coord_y) # 10 20
# �� , �.�. �� value
# �� class Point
#
#
# �� (�� )
# ��
# �� instance
# ��
# � ��, �� __dict__
# �� [self.__name]
# � �� = value
# �� __set__ instance.__dict__[self.__name] = value
#
# �� __get__ �� instance
# ��
# �� __dict__
# �� [self.__name]
#
# �� self.__name
# �� __init__
#
#
#
#
# class CoordValue:
# def __init__(self, name):
# self.__name = name
#
# return instance.__dict__[self.__name]
#
# instance.__dict__[self.__name] = value
#
#
# class Point:
# coord_x = CoordValue("coordX")
# coord_y = CoordValue("coordY")
#
# self.coord_x = x
# self.coord_y = y
#
#
# pt1 = Point(1, 2)
# pt2 = Point(10, 20)
# print(pt1.coordX, pt1.coordY) # 1 2
# print(pt1.__dict__) # {'coordX': 1, 'coordY': 2}
# print(pt2.__dict__) # {'coordX': 10, 'coordY': 20}
# �� instance ��
# � �� __dict__ �� self.__name
# �� self.__name �� def
__init__(self, name)
# � ��, �� class Point
# �� coord_x = CoordValue( ) ��
# �� coord_x = CoordValue("coordX")
# �� coordX � coordY
#
# �� : �� Python 3.6+
# � �� __set_name__(self, owner, name)
# �� CoordValue()
# � � �� name ��
# �� :
# �� def __init__(self, name)
# �� def __set_name__(self, owner, name)
# � � �� coord_x = CoordValue("coordX")
# �� "coordX"
#
# class NonDataDescr:
# def __set_name__(self, owner, name):
#
# return "NonDataDescr __get__"
#
#
# class CoordValue:
# def __set_name__(self, owner, name):
# print(name)
#
# return instance.__dict__[self.__name]
#
# instance.__dict__[self.__name] = value
#
#
# class Point:
# no_data = NonDataDescr()
# __slots__ = ['__x', '__y', '__dict__']
#
# coord_x = CoordValue()
# coord_y = CoordValue()
#
# self.coord_x = x
# self.coord_y = y
#
#
# pt1 = Point(1, 2)
# pt2 = Point(10, 20)
# print(pt1.__dict__) # {'coord_x': 1, 'coord_y': 2}
# print(pt2.__dict__) # {'coord_x': 10, 'coord_y': 20}
# print(pt1.__dir__())
# �� (��),
# �� - �� Python �� .
# � Python ��
# �� (data descriptor)
# �� (non-data descriptor)
# �� class NonDataDescr - �� def __get__(self,
instance, owner)
# � �� class Point �� no_data = NonDataDescr()
# �� -��
# print(pt1.no_data) # NonDataDescr __get__
# pt1.no_data = "hello"
# print(pt1.no_data) # hello
# �� , �� no_data ��.
# �� no_data �� hello
# � �� no_data �� , � �� .
# �� .
# � �� (data descriptor).
# �� (�� .�.),
# �� (� �� ) �� ,
# �� (�� )
#
#
=======================================
# �� __call__
# dunder-��(�� .�� double underscore)
#
# ��, �� __call__ � �� ?
#
# C�� class Counter � ��-�� __init__
# � ��
# �� __counter = 0
# class Counter:
# def __init__(self):
# self.__counter = 0
#
# ��
# c = Counter()
# ��
# � ��
# ��
# � ��, �� ,
# �� __call__
# � � �� :
# __call__(self,*args,**kwargs):
# obj = self.__new__(self,*args,**kwargs)
# self.__init__(obj,*args,**kwargs)
# return obj
# �� __call__,
# � ��, �� , �� :
# �� __new__
# �� ,
# � ��, �� __init__ - �� .
# �� , ��
# �� __call__.
# � �� .
# � �� .
# �� ,�� .
# c() # TypeError: 'Counter' object is not callable
# �� , �� ,
# �� Counter �� __call__,
# ��, ��:
# class Counter:
#
# def __call__(self,*args,**kwargs):
# print('__call__')
# self.__counter += 1
# return self.__counter
#
# �� , �� ,
# �� counter �� 1
# � �� .
# �� , ��
# ��
# �� .
# c = Counter()
# c2 = Counter()
# c()
# c()
# res = c()
# res2 = c2()
# print(res,res2)
# �� -��
# � ��
# � �� .
# �� __call__.
# �� *args, **kwargs.
# �� , ��
# �� .
# ��, � ��
# �� (�� )
# �� .
# �� __call__, �� :
# class Counter:
#
# def __call__(self,step=1,*args,**kwargs):
# print('__call__')
# self.__counter += step
# return self.__counter
#
# c = Counter()
# c2 = Counter()
# c()
# c(2)
# res = c(10)
# res2 = c2(-5)
# # print(res,res2) # 13 -5
# �� __call__.
#
#
# �� _call__, �� ?
# � �� object.
# �� , �� ,
# �� ,
# �� __call_ �� _new_ ��
# � �� .
# �� , �� _new_ �� ,
# �� __call__, �� ?
#
# ��, � �� .
# �� .
# �� _call__,
# �� , �� .
# ��, �� , ��, pt = Point(),
# �� __call_ �� ,
# �� type (� �� ).
# ��, �� )
#
#
#
#
# �� ,�� :
# �� , �� ?
#
# �� __call__
# �� .
#
# �� StripChars,
# �� :
# class StripChars:
# def __init__(self,chars):
# self.__chars = chars
#
# def __call__(self,*args,**kwargs):
# if not isinstance(args[0],str):
# raise ValueError('�� ')
# return args[0].strip(self.__chars)
#
# �� , � �� __chars � �� ,
# � ��, �� __call__ ��
# �� strip �� __chars.
# �� , �� ,
# �� :
# s1 = StripChars(" ?:!.;")
# s2 = StripChars(" ")
# res1 = s1(" Hellow world:?! ")
# res2 = s2(" Hellow world:?! ")
# print(res1,res2, sep='\n')
# � ��
# �� s1 ��
# �� .
# �� s2 ��
# �� .
#
# �� .
#
# �� -��, ��
# �� .
# class Derivate:
# def __init__(self, func):
# self.__fn = func
#
# def __call__(self, x, dx=0.0001, *args, **kwargs):
# return(self, __fn(x + dx) - self.__fn(x)) / dx
# � __init__ �� func ��
# � �� __fn, �� func
# � __call__ �� :
# ��
# dx=0.0001 ��
# � �� .
#
# ��
# �� , ��
# def df_sin(x):
# return math.sin(x)
# � �� :
# print(df_sin(math.pi/4))
# �� math
# ��
# �� :
# df_sin = Derivate(df_sin)
# �� df_sin � �� Derivate, � �� .
# print(df_sin(math.pi/3)) # 0.49995669789693054
# �� @Derivate ��
# �� , �� ,
# � ��, �� __call__.
# ��
# import math
# class Derivate:
# def __init__(self, func):
# self.__fn = func
#
# def __call__(self, x, dx=0.0001, *args, **kwargs):
# return (self.__fn(x + dx) - self.__fn(x)) / dx
#
# @Derivate
# def df_sin(x):
# return math.sin(x)
#
# print(df_sin(math.pi/3)) # 0.49995669789693054
# ��, �� ,
# �� .
# � �� , ��, �� ,
# �� , ��, �� , ��
# �� .
# �� , �� .
# � �� , � ��, �� .
# #
=======================================
# �� __str__ �� __repr__
#
# ��
# � ��
# � �� .
#
# �� :
#
# __str__() � ��
# �� (��, �� print, str);
#
# __repr__() � ��
# �� (�� ).
#
# �� __str__
# �� __repr__
# � ��
class Cat:
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
def __repr__(self):
return f"{self.__class__}: {self.name}"
def __str__(self):
return f"Cat: {self.name}"
c = Cat('Vaska')
# ��
print(c) # <__main__.Cat object at 0x02BEA1C0>
# �� __repr__ (�� )
# ��
print(c) # <class '__main__.Cat'>: Vaska
# �� __str__ (�� )
print(c) # Cat: Vaska
# #
=======================================
# �� __len__ �� __abs__
#
# ��
# � ��
# � �� .
#
#
# __len__() � �� len() � �� ;
#
# __abs__() - �� abs() � �� .
#
# �� Point, �� :
class Point:
def __init__(self, *args):
self.__coord = args
def __len__(self):
return len(self.__coord)
def __abs__(self):
return list( map(abs, self.__coord) )
p = Point(1, 2)
# �� __len__
# print(len(p)) # TypeError: object of type 'Point' has no len()
# �� , �� len ��
# � �� .
# �� , �� __len__
print(len(p)) # 2 ��
# �� abs �� .
# �� abs(), �� __abc__
# ��
# �.�. __abc__ ��
# �� abs() � �� __coord
p1 = Point(1, 3, -5)
print(abs(p1)) # [1, 3, 5]
# #
=======================================
# ��
#
# __add__() � �� ;
# __sub__() � �� ;
# __mul__() � �� ;
# __truediv__() � �� .
#
# �� .
# ��, �� .
# �� , �� .
# �� 00:00 �� .
# �.�. 12 �� - �� 0 (��), � �� 1,2,3,4 � �.�.
# ��
# � �� 86400 � �� .
# ��
# �� .
# �� ,
# � ��
# �� __DAY = 86400
# ��
# ��
# �� self.seconds = seconds % self.__DAY
# �� seconds.
# �� .
# �� Python �� ,
# �� seconds.
# ��, �� ,
# �� , �� .
# �� ,
# �� seconds �� .
# �� , �� TypeError.
# �� get_time
# �� .
# � �� , ��, ��.
#
# �� s ��
# �� 60
# (� �� 60 ��, �� )
# s = self.seconds % 60 # ��
#
# �� m ��
# �� 60
# (�� )
# � �� 60
#(� �� 60 ��, �� 60 � �� )
# m = (self.seconds // 60) % 60 # ��
#
# �� h ��
# �� 3600
# (�� )
# � �� 24
# (� �� 24 ��, �� 24 � �� )
# h = (self.seconds // 3600) % 24 # ��
#
# � �� ,��,��
# � �� __get_form()
#
# �� __get_form
# �� str(x).rjust(2, "0")
#(�� , �� 10).
class Clock:
__DAY = 86400 # ��
def __init__(self, seconds: int):

if not isinstance(seconds, int):
raise TypeError('�� ')
self.seconds = seconds % self.__DAY
def get_time(self):
s = self.seconds % 60 # ��
m = (self.seconds // 60) % 60 # ��
h = (self.seconds // 3600) % 24 # ��
return f'{self.__get_form(h)}:{self.__get_form(m)}:{self.__get_form(h)}'
@classmethod
def __get_form(cls,x):
return str(x).rjust(2, '0')
# def __add__(self, other):

# if not isinstance(other, int):
# raise ArithmeticError("�� int")
# return Clock(self.seconds + other)
# �� Python

# res = code_true condition code_false
# �� res
# �� condition==true �� code_true
# �� condition==false �� code_fase
#
# ��
# if condition:
# res = code_true
# else:
# res = code_false
#
# ��
# sc = other if isinstance(other, int) else other.seconds
# �� sc �� other
# �� if isinstance(other, int) �� (true)
# � ��
# �� sc �� other.seconds
#
#
def __add__(self, other):
# print('__add__')
if not isinstance(other, (int, Clock)):
raise ArithmeticError("�� int ��
�� Clock")
#sc = other if isinstance(other, int) else other.seconds
sc = other
if isinstance(other, Clock):
sc = other.seconds
return Clock(self.seconds + sc)
#
# � �� __radd__ �� +
# ��
# �� +
# � �� return self + other
# �� self �� c + other �� 100
# � �� :
# �� self + other
# �� __add__
# �� return Clock(self.seconds + sc)
# � �� __radd__ ��
#
#
def __radd__(self, other):
# print('__radd__')
return self + other
# �� __iadd__ ��

# �� : += �� -= �� *= �� /= � �.�.
# �� +=
# �� Clock
# � ��
# � �� seconds
# �� __iadd__
# �� :
# �� other �� int � �� Clock
# ��
# �� sc
# ��
# �� self.seconds
# �� sc self.seconds += sc
# � ��
# �.�. ��
# � � �� 100
#
#
def __iadd__(self, other):
# print('__iadd__')
�� Clock")
sc = other
sc = other.seconds
self.seconds += sc
return self
# c1 = Clock(1165546)
# print(c1.get_time()) # 11:45:11
# �� 100
# c1.seconds = c1.seconds + 100
# print(c1.get_time()) # 11:47:11
# c2 = Clock(10)
# print(c2.get_time()) # 00:00:00
# c2 = Clock(20)
# print(c2.get_time()) # 00:00:00
# c2 = Clock(30)
# print(c2.get_time()) # 00:00:00
# c2 = Clock(40)
# print(c2.get_time()) # 00:00:00
# c2 = Clock(50)
# print(c2.get_time()) # 00:00:00
# c2 = Clock(60)
# print(c2.get_time()) # 00:01:00
# c2 = Clock(120)
# print(c2.get_time()) # 00:02:00
# c2 = Clock(240)
# print(c2.get_time()) # 00:04:00
# c2 = Clock(480)
# print(c2.get_time()) # 00:08:00
# c2 = Clock(960)
# print(c2.get_time()) # 00:16:00
# c2 = Clock(1000)
# print(c2.get_time()) # 00:16:00
# c2 = Clock(1100)
# print(c2.get_time()) # 00:18:00
# c2 = Clock(1200)
# print(c2.get_time()) # 00:20:00
# print()
# c = Clock(1000)
# print(c.get_time()) # 00:16:00
# �� 100
# c.seconds = c.seconds + 100
# �� c = c + 100
# �� , �� +
# �� c
# ��
# �� __add__ (self, other)
# othet - �� + (100)
# self - �� + (�)��
# �� Clock
# ��
# �� +
# return Clock(self.seconds + other)
# �� other ��
# � ��
# c = c + 100
#
#
# �� __add__
# �� c = �1 + c2
# �� __add__
# �� int �� Clock
# if not isinstance(other, (int, Clock)):
# �� sc �� other
# sc = other
# �� :
# if isinstance(other, Clock):
# sc = other.seconds
# ��
#
#
# c1 = Clock(1000)
# c2 = Clock(2000)
# c = c1 + c2
# ��
# c3 = Clock(3000)
# c = c1 + c2 + c3
#
#
# �� :
# � = � + 100 ��
# � = 100 + � ��
# c += 100 ��
#
# �� : � = 100 + �
# �� __radd__
# � ��
# c = Clock(1000)
# c = 100 + c
#
# �� : c += 100
# �� __iadd__
# � ��
# c = Clock(1000)
# c += 100
#
#
#
#
# �� __add__() �
�� __radd__() � __iadd__().
# �� :
#
#
# ��
#
# x + y __add__(self, other) x += y
__iadd__(self, other)
# x - y __sub__(self, other) x -= y
__isub__(self, other)
# x * y __mul__(self, other) x *= y
__imul__(self, other)
# x / y __truediv__(self, other) x /= y
__itruediv__(self, other)
# x // y __floordiv__(self, other) x //= y
__ifloordiv__(self, other)
# x % y __mod__(self, other) x %= y __imod__(self,
other)
#
#
# #
# �� :
#
class BankAccount:
def __init__(self, name, balance):
self.name = name
self.balance = balance

print('__add__')
if isinstance(other, BankAccount):
print(f'other = {other}')
return self.balance + other.balance
if isinstance(other, (int, float)):
print(f'other = {other}')
return self.balance + other
raise NotImplemented('�� ')

print('__radd__')
return self + other
def pb(self):
print(f' name: {self.name} \n balance: {self.balance}')
b = BankAccount('Ivan', 900)
b.pb() # 900
print()
b.balance += 400
b.pb() # 1300 ��
print()
# ��
# print(b + 200) �� :
# Python �� __add__
# b.__add__(200)
# � ��
# TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'BankAccount' and 'int'
# �� __add__(self, other):
# self �� b
# other �� 200
# �� :
# �� other �� int �� float
# �� self.balance
# � � �� other
# ��
b.balance = b + 200 # 1500
b.pb()
print()
# ��
# ��
# print(200 + b) �� :
# Python �� __add__
# 200.__add__(b) �� ,
# �� __radd__
# b.__radd__(200)
# � ��
# TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'BankAccount'
# �� __radd__(self, other):
# � �� self �� +
# � other �� +
# ��
b.balance = 200 + b # 1700
b.pb()
print()
#
#
print()
# ��
k = BankAccount('Kat', 300)
k.pb()
# ��
# print(b + k)�� None:
# �� __add__ �� .�. ��
# �� __add__(self, other): ��
# self �� b
# other �� c
# �� :
# �� other �� BankAccount
# (�.�. �� )
# �� self.balance (�� b)
# � � �� other.balance (�� c)
# �� : ��, �� .�.
# ��
# raise NotImplemented('�� ')
# ��
k.balance = b + k # 2000
k.pb()
#
#
# �� __add__(self, other): ��
#
class BankAccount:
def __init__(self, name, balance):

self.name = name
self.balance = balance
def __repr__(self):
return f' --- \n name: {self.name} \n balance: {self.balance} \n ---'

print('__add__')
if isinstance(other, BankAccount):
return BankAccount(self.name, self.balance + other.balance)
if isinstance(other, (int, float)):
return BankAccount(self.name, self.balance + other)
raise NotImplemented('�� ')

print('__radd__')
return self + other
b = BankAccount('Ivan', 900)
print(b)
b = b + 400
print(b)
b = 400 + b
print(b)
k = BankAccount('Kat', 200)
print(k)
k = k + b
print(k)
print(b)
�� :
---
name: Ivan
balance: 900
---
__add__
---
name: Ivan
balance: 1300
---
__radd__
__add__
---
name: Ivan
balance: 1700
---
---
name: Kat
balance: 200
---
__add__
---
name: Kat
balance: 1900
---
---
name: Ivan
balance: 1700
---
#
#
=======================================
# ==========================================================#
==========================================================
# 1. �� Clock ( ��
__add__() ).
# �� .
# �� , ��
�� .
# ��, �� .
# ��

#
# __add__() � �� ;
# __sub__() � �� ;
# __mul__() � �� ;
# __truediv__() � �� .
#
class Clock:
__DAY = 86400 # ��

# �� print() / print(c)

def __repr__(self):
m = (self.seconds // 60) % 60 # ��
h = (self.seconds // 3600) % 24 # ��
return f'{self.__form(h)}:{self.__form(m)}:{self.__form(h)}'
@classmethod
def __form(cls,x):
# x + y ---------------------------------------
print('\t __add__')
print(f'\t self = {self}')
print(f'\t other = {other}')
�� Clock")
#sc = other if isinstance(other, int) else other.seconds
sc = other
sc = other.seconds
print(f'\t sc = {sc}')
return Clock(self.seconds + sc)
print('\t __radd__')
return self + other

print('\t __iadd__')
�� Clock")
sc = other
sc = other.seconds
self.seconds += sc
return self
# x - y ---------------------------------------
# �� Python [when_true] if [condition] else [when_false]
def __sub__(self, other):
print('\t __sub__')
�� Clock")
sc = other if isinstance(other, int) else other.seconds
return Clock(self.seconds - sc)
def __rsub__(self, other):

print('\t __rsub__')
return self - other
def __isub__(self, other):

print('\t __isub__')
�� Clock")
self.seconds -= sc
return self
# x * y ---------------------------------------
def __mul__(self, other):
print('\t __mul__')
�� Clock")
return Clock(self.seconds * sc)
def __rmul__(self, other):

print('__rmul__')
return self * other
def __imul__(self, other):

print('\t __imul__')
�� Clock")
self.seconds *= sc
return self
# x / y ---------------------------------------
def __truediv__(self, other):
print('\t __truediv__')
�� Clock")
return Clock(self.seconds // sc)
# �� (�� // )

# �.�. �� __truediv__
# � �� self / other
def __rtruediv__(self, other):
print('__rtruediv__')
return self / other
def __itruediv__(self, other):

print('\t __itruediv__')
�� Clock")
self.seconds //= sc
return self
c = Clock(100)
print(f'c = {c}')
print(c.__dict__)
print()
z = Clock(100000)
print(f'z = {c}')
print(z.__dict__)
print()
z1 = Clock(200)
print(f'z1 = {z1}')
print(z1.__dict__)
print('----------------- ')
print()
print()
print('----------------- z = z / 100')
print(f'z = {z}')
print(z.__dict__)
print('��: ')
z = z / 100
print(f'z = {z}')
print(z.__dict__)
print('----------------- z = z / 100')
print('----------------- z = z * 100')
print(f'z = {z}')
print(z.__dict__)
print('��: ')
z = z * 100
print(f'z = {z}')
print(z.__dict__)
print('----------------- z = z * 100')
print()
print()
print('----------------- z = 100 / z')
print(f'z = {z}')
print(z.__dict__)
print('��: ')
z = 100 / z
print(f'z = {z}')
print(z.__dict__)
print('----------------- z = 100 / z')
print('----------------- z = 100 * z')
print(f'z = {z}')
print(z.__dict__)
print('��: ')
z = 100 * z
print(f'z = {z}')
print(z.__dict__)
print('----------------- z = 100 * z')
print()
print()
print('----------------- z /= 100')
print(f'z = {z}')
print(z.__dict__)
print('��: ')
z /= 100
print(f'z = {z}')
print(z.__dict__)
print('----------------- z /= 100')
print('----------------- z *= 100')
print(f'z = {z}')
print(z.__dict__)
print('��: ')
z *= 100
print(f'z = {z}')
print(z.__dict__)
print('----------------- z *= 100')
print()
print()
print('----------------- z = z / z1')
print(f'z = {z}')
print(z.__dict__)
print(f'z1 = {z1}')
print(z1.__dict__)
z = z / z1
print('��: ')
print(f'z = {z}')
print(z.__dict__)
print('----------------- z = z / z1')
print('----------------- z = z * z1')
print(f'z = {z}')
print(z.__dict__)
print(f'z1 = {z1}')
print(z1.__dict__)
z = z * z1
print('��: ')
print(f'z = {z}')
print(z.__dict__)
print('----------------- z = z * z1')
print()
print()
print('----------------- z /= z1')
print(f'z = {z}')
print(z.__dict__)
print(f'z1 = {z1}')
print(z1.__dict__)
z /= z1
print('��: ')
print(f'z = {z}')
print(z.__dict__)
print('----------------- z /= z1')
print('----------------- z *= z1')
print(f'z = {z}')
print(z.__dict__)
print(f'z1 = {z1}')
print(z1.__dict__)
z *= z1
print('��: ')
print(f'z = {z}')
print(z.__dict__)
print('----------------- z *= z1')
print()
print()
print()
print()
print('----------------- z = z - 100')
print(f'z = {z}')
print(z.__dict__)
print('��: ')
z = z - 100
print(f'z = {z}')
print(z.__dict__)
print('----------------- z = z - 100')
print('----------------- z = z + 100')
print(f'z = {z}')
print(z.__dict__)
print('��: ')
z = z + 100
print(f'z = {z}')
print(z.__dict__)
print('----------------- z = z + 100')
print()
print()
print('----------------- z = 100 - z')
print(f'z = {z}')
print(z.__dict__)
print('��: ')
z = 100 - z
print(f'z = {z}')
print(z.__dict__)
print('----------------- z = 100 - z')
print('----------------- z = 100 + z')
print(f'z = {z}')
print(z.__dict__)
print('��: ')
z = 100 + z
print(f'z = {z}')
print(z.__dict__)
print('----------------- z = 100 + z')
print()
print()
print('----------------- z -= 100')
print(f'z = {z}')
print(z.__dict__)
print('��: ')
z -= 100
print(f'z = {z}')
print(z.__dict__)
print('----------------- z -= 100')
print('----------------- z += 100')
print(f'z = {z}')
print(z.__dict__)
print('��: ')
z += 100
print(f'z = {z}')
print(z.__dict__)
print('----------------- z += 100')
print()
print()
print('----------------- z = z - z1')
print(f'z = {z}')
print(z.__dict__)
print(f'z1 = {z1}')
print(z1.__dict__)
z = z - z1
print('��: ')
print(f'z = {z}')
print(z.__dict__)
print('----------------- z = z - z1')
print('----------------- z = z + z1')
print(f'z = {z}')
print(z.__dict__)
print(f'z1 = {z1}')
print(z1.__dict__)
z = z + z1
print('��: ')
print(f'z = {z}')
print(z.__dict__)
print('----------------- z = z + z1')
print()
print()
print('----------------- z -= z1')
print(f'z = {z}')
print(z.__dict__)
print(f'z1 = {z1}')
print(z1.__dict__)
z -= z1
print('��: ')
print(f'z = {z}')
print(z.__dict__)
print('----------------- z -= z1')
print('----------------- z += z1')
print(f'z = {z}')
print(z.__dict__)
print(f'z1 = {z1}')
print(z1.__dict__)
z += z1
print('��: ')
print(f'z = {z}')
print(z.__dict__)
print('----------------- z += z1')
print()
print()
print('----------------- z = z - z1 - c')
print(f'z = {z}')
print(z.__dict__)
print(f'z1 = {z1}')
print(z1.__dict__)
print(f'c = {c}')
print(c.__dict__)
z = z - z1 - c
print('��: ')
print(f'z = {z}')
print(z.__dict__)
print('----------------- z = z - z1 - c')
print('----------------- z = z + z1 + c')
print(f'z = {z}')
print(z.__dict__)
print(f'z1 = {z1}')
print(z1.__dict__)
print(f'c = {c}')
print(c.__dict__)
z = z + z1 + c
print('��: ')
print(f'z = {z}')
print(z.__dict__)
print('----------------- z = z + z1 + c')
print()
print()
�� :

(�� : �� )
class Clock:
__DAY = 86400 # ��


def __repr__(self):
m = (self.seconds // 60) % 60 # ��
h = (self.seconds // 3600) % 24 # ��
@classmethod
def __form(cls,x):
@classmethod
def __check(cls,other):
# print(f'cls {cls}') # cls <class '__main__.Clock'>
# print(f'Clock {Clock}') # Clock <class '__main__.Clock'>
# print(f'__class__ {__class__}') # __class__ <class '__main__.Clock'>
if not isinstance(other, (int, cls)):
�� Clock")
return sc
# x + y ---------------------------------------
# �� , �� _add_
# �� self.__class__ ,
# return self.__class__(self.seconds + sc)
# � �� Clock
# return Clock(self.seconds + sc).
# �� ,
# � �� .
print('__add__')
sc = self.__check(other)
print(f'sc = {sc}')
return self.__class__(self.seconds + sc)

print('__radd__')
return self + other

print('__iadd__')
print(f'sc = {sc}')
self.seconds += sc
return self
# x - y ---------------------------------------
print('__sub__')
print(f'sc = {sc}')
return self.__class__(self.seconds - sc)

print('__rsub__')
return self - other

print('__isub__')
print(f'sc = {sc}')
self.seconds -= sc
return self
# x * y ---------------------------------------
print('__mul__')
print(f'sc = {sc}')
return self.__class__(self.seconds * sc)

print('__rmul__')
return self * other

print('__imul__')
print(f'sc = {sc}')
self.seconds *= sc
return self
# x / y ---------------------------------------
print('__truediv__')
print(f'sc = {sc}')
return self.__class__(self.seconds // sc)
# �� (�� // )

# �.�. �� __truediv__
return self / other

print('__irtruediv__')
print(f'sc = {sc}')
self.seconds //= sc
return self
�� :

(�� : �� )
# # �� , ��
# # �� .
class Clock:
__DAY = 86400 # ��


def __repr__(self):
m = (self.seconds // 60) % 60 # ��
h = (self.seconds // 3600) % 24 # ��
@classmethod
def __form(cls,x):
@classmethod
# print(f'cls {cls}') # cls <class '__main__.Clock'>
# print(f'Clock {Clock}') # Clock <class '__main__.Clock'>
# print(f'__class__ {__class__}') # __class__ <class '__main__.Clock'>
�� Clock")
return sc
def decorF(func):
def wrapper(self, other):
res = func(self, sc)
return res
return wrapper
# x + y ---------------------------------------
@decorF
print('\t __add__')
self.seconds += other
return self

print('\t __radd__')
return self + other
@decorF
print('\t __iadd__')
return self
# x - y ---------------------------------------
@decorF
print('\t __sub__')
self.seconds -= other
return self

print('\t __rsub__')
return self - other
@decorF
print('\t __isub__')
return self
# x * y ---------------------------------------
@decorF
print('\t __mul__')
self.seconds *= other
return self

print('__rmul__')
return self * other
@decorF
print('\t __imul__')
return self
# x / y ---------------------------------------
@decorF
print('\t __truediv__')
self.seconds //= other
return self
# �� (�� // )

# �.�. �� __truediv__
return self / other
@decorF
print('\t __itruediv__')
return self
# ==========================================================#
==========================================================
# #
=======================================
# ��
#
# __eq__() � �� ==
# __ne__() � �� !=
# __lt__() � �� <
# __le__() � �� <=
# __gt__() � �� >
# __ge__() � �� >=
#
class Clock:
__DAY = 86400 # ��


def __repr__(self):
m = (self.seconds // 60) % 60 # ��
h = (self.seconds // 3600) % 24 # ��
@classmethod
def __form(cls,x):
@classmethod
�� Clock")
return sc
def decorF(func):
def wrapper(self, other):
res = func(self, sc)
return res
return wrapper
# ��

# x + y ---------------------------------------
@decorF
return self

return self + other
@decorF
return self
# x - y ---------------------------------------
@decorF
return self

return self - other
@decorF
return self
# x * y ---------------------------------------
@decorF
return self

return self * other
@decorF
return self
# x / y ---------------------------------------
@decorF
return self

return self / other
@decorF
return self
# ��

# x == y ---------------------------------------
@decorF
def __eq__(self, other):
return self.seconds == other
# x != y ---------------------------------------
@decorF
def __ne__(self, other):
return self.seconds != other
# x < y ---------------------------------------
@decorF
def __lt__(self, other):
return self.seconds < other
# x > y ---------------------------------------
@decorF
def __gt__(self, other):
return self.seconds > other
# x <= y ---------------------------------------
@decorF
def __le__(self, other):
return self.seconds <= other
# x >= y ---------------------------------------
@decorF
def __ge__(self, other):
return self.seconds >= other
# �� ,

# ��:
c1 = Clock(1000)
c2 = Clock(1000)
print('----------------- x == y')
# �� ==
# print(c1 == c2) # False �� __eq__() � ��
# �� , �� id (�� )
# �� False
# �� , ��
# �� __eq__() � ��
# ��
# �� if not isinstance(other, (int, cls)):
# �� other � �� __check(cls,other)
# �� int �� other.seconds
# �� __eq__() �� decorF(func):
# ��
print(c1 == c2) # True
print(c1 == 1000) # True
print()
print()
print('----------------- x != y')
# �� !=
# print(c1 != c2) # False �� __ne__() � ��
# print(c1 != 1000) # False �� __ne__() � ��
# �� , �� != ��
# �� , �� Python
# �� c1 != c2 � �� != ��
# �� not(c1 == c2), ��
# � �� == ��
# ��-��
# �� __ne__() � ��
# ��
print(c1 != c2) # False
print(c1 != 1000) # False
print()
print()
print('----------------- x < y')
# �� <
# print(c1 < c2) # False �� __lt__() � ��
# print(c1 < 1000) # False �� __lt__() � ��
# ��
# TypeError: '<' not supported between instances of 'Clock' and 'Clock'
# �� __lt__() � ��
# ��
print(c1 < c2) # False
print(c1 < 1000) # False
print()
print()
print('----------------- x > y')
# �� >
# print(c1 > c2) # False �� __gt__() � ��
# print(c1 > 1000) # False �� __gt__() � ��
# �� , �� > ��
# �� , �� Python
# �� c1 > c2 � �� > ��
# �� not(c1 < c2), ��
# � �� < ��
# ��-��
# �� __gt__() � ��
# ��
print(c1 > c2) # False
print(c1 > 1000)
print()
print()
print('----------------- x <= y')
# ��
print(c1 <= c2) # True
print(c1 <= 1000) # True
print()
print()
print('----------------- x >= y')
# ��
print(c1 >= c2) # True
print(c1 >= 1000) # True
# ��-��
# __eq__() � �� ==
# __lt__() � �� <
# __le__() � �� <=
# ��
#
#
# #
=======================================
# �� __eq__ � __hash__
#
# __eq__() � �� ==
# __hash__() � ��
#
# ��
class Point:

self.x = x
self.y = y
def __eq__(self, other):
return isinstance(other, Point) and \
self.x == other.x and self.y == other.y
def __hash__(self):
return hash((self.x, self.y))

# � �� id
# print(type(123)) # <class 'int'> ��
# print(isinstance(123, object)) # True
# print(id(123)) # 1556328272
#
# print(type((1,2,3))) # <class 'tuple'> ��
# print(isinstance((1,2,3), object)) # True
# print(id((12,3))) # 46050056
#
# print(type([1,2,3])) # <class 'list'> ��
# print(isinstance([1,2,3], object)) # True
# print(id([1,2,3])) # 13352776
#
# print(type({1,2,3})) # <class 'set'> ��
# print(isinstance({1,23}, object)) # True
# print(id({1,2,3})) # 46452776
#
# print(type('Python')) # <class 'str'> ��
# print(isinstance('Python', object)) # True
# print(id('Python')) # 7813056
# print()
#
# � Python �� ,
# ��
# �� .
# �� [1,2,3] �� hash() ��
# �� unhashable type� - �� .
# �� hash() - �� ,
# ��
# � ��
# �� .
# �� __hash__() ��
#
#
# print(hash(123)) # 123
# print(hash("Python")) # 926916373
# print(hash((1, 2, 3))) # -2022708474
# ��, ��
# print(hash(123)) # 123
# print(hash("Python")) # 926916373
# print(hash((1, 2, 3))) # -2022708474
# � �� :
# �� .
# ��, �� : �� , �� .
# � �� .
# ��, �� , �� .
# �� :
# �� a == b (��), �� .
# �� : hash(a) == hash(b), �� ,��
�� .
# �� : hash(a) != hash(b), �� .
#
# �� ?
# � �� Python,
# ��, �� .
# ��, �� ,
# �� :
# d = {}
# d[5] = 5
# d["python"] = "python"
# d[(1, 2, 3)] = [1, 2, 3]
# � ��, �� ,
# �� :
# (�� , ��)
# �� , �� ,
# �� .
# �, ��, �� (�� ),
# �� .
# �� .
#
# ��
# p1 = Point(1, 2)
# p2 = Point(1, 2)
# print(hash(p1), hash(p2), sep='\n')
# ��:
# 2890268
# 2906612
# �� __hash__() ��
# print(p1.__hash__(), p2.__hash__(), sep='\n')
# ��:
# 2890268
# 2906612
#
# print(id(p1), id(p2), sep='\n')
# 46051776
# 46309328
# print(p1 == p2) # False �� __eq__()
# �� , �� ,
# �� p1 � p2 ��, �� .
# �� , � �� hash() � �� .
# �� id ��
# ��, �� .
# ��
# ��
# __eq__() � �� ==
# �� :
# �� other �� Point (�� Point)
# �� x y ��
# ��
# ��
# print(p1 == p2) # True
#
# print(id(p1), id(p2), sep='\n')
# 46051776
# 46309328
# id ��, ��
# �� .
# ��
# print(p1.__hash__(), p2.__hash__(), sep='\n') �� __eq__()
# ��
# TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not callable
# �� , ��
# �� ==,
# �� .
# ��, ��
# �� __hash__()
# �� (self.x, self.y)
# �� , ��
# �� hash().
# �� , �� Point
# �� .
# print(hash(p1), hash(p2), sep='\n')
# print(p1.__hash__(), p2.__hash__(), sep='\n')
# �� , �� .
# �� ?
# ��, �� :
# d = {}
# �, ��, �� p1 � p2:
# d[p1] = 1
# d[p2] = 2
# print(d) # {<__main__.Point object at 0x02BEB1C0>: 2}
# �� ,
# �� .
#
# �� .
b1 = Point(2,4)
b2 = Point(4,6)
b3 = Point(6,8)
d = {}
d[b1] = 1
d[b2] = 2
#
#
# #
=======================================
# �� __bool__
#
# __len__() � �� bool(),
# �� __bool__();
#
# __bool__() � �� bool(),
# �� __len__();
#
# ��
class Point:

self.x = x
self.y = y
def __len__(self):
print('__len__')
return abs(self.x - self.y)
def __bool__(self):
print('__bool__')
return self.x != 0 or self.y != 0

# � �� (True) �� (False)

# print(bool(123)) # True
# print(bool(0)) # False
# �� (�� ) �� True
# �� 0 (��) �� False
#
# �� :
# �� True
# �� False
#
#
#
# ��
# print(type((1,2,3))) # <class 'tuple'> ��
# print(bool((1,2,3))) # True
# print(type(())) # <class 'tuple'> ��
# print(bool(())) # False
#
# ��
# print(type([1,2,3])) # <class 'list'> ��
# print(bool([1,2,3])) # True
# print(type([])) # <class 'list'> ��
# print(bool([])) # False
#
# ��
# print(type({1,2,3})) # <class 'set'> ��
# print(bool({1,23})) # True
# print(type({})) # <class 'set'> ��
# print(bool({})) # False
#
# ��
# print(type('Python')) # <class 'str'> ��
# print(bool('Python')) # True
# print(type('')) # <class 'str'> ��
# print(bool('')) # False
#
# � Python �� :
# �� True
# � ��
# p = Point(1,4)
# print(type(p)) # <class '__main__.Point'> �� Point
# print(bool(p)) # True
# p1 = Point(0,0)
# print(type(p1)) # <class '__main__.Point'> �� Point
# print(bool(p1)) # True
# �� , �� __len__() � __bool__()
#
# �� , ��
# �� :
# �� __bool__()
# �� __len__()
# �� True
#
# �� __len__()
# �� -��, � � ��
# �� x-y (�.�. ��)
#
# p = Point(1,4)
# print(type(p)) # <class '__main__.Point'> �� Point
# print(bool(p)) # True
# p1 = Point(0,0)
# print(type(p1)) # <class '__main__.Point'> �� Point
# print(bool(p1)) # False
#
# �� __bool__()
# �� True / False
# �� -�� (�� ) = ��
# �� False �� (0,0)
# � �� True
#
p = Point(1,4)
print(type(p)) # <class '__main__.Point'> �� Point
print(bool(p)) # True
p1 = Point(0,0)
print(type(p1)) # <class '__main__.Point'> �� Point
print(bool(p1)) # False
p2 = Point(0,5)
print(bool(p2)) # True
p3 = Point(-5,0)
print(bool(p3)) # True
print( )
#
# �� bool() ��
# �� (� �� ) ��
# �� __bool__() �� , �� __len__()
#
if p:
print(f'�� {p} �� True')
else:
print(f'�� {p} �� False')
#
# ��:
# �� <__main__.Point object at 0x02C4B1C0> �� True
#
if p1:
print(f'�� {p1} �� True')
else:
print(f'�� {p1} �� False')
#
# ��:
# �� <__main__.Point object at 0x02C88070> �� False
#
#
# #
=======================================
# ��
#
# __getitem__(self, item) � �� item;
# __setitem__(self, key, value) � �� value �� key;
# __delitem__(self, key) � �� key.
#
# �� :
# name - ��
# marks - ��
class Student:
def __init__(self, name, marks):

self.name = name
self.marks = list(marks)
def __getitem__(self, item):

if isinstance(item, int) and \
0 <= item < len(self.marks):
return self.marks[item]
else:
raise IndexError(f"�� {item} ��
[0:{len(self.marks)-1}] ")
def __setitem__(self, key, value):

if not isinstance(key, int) or key < 0:
raise TypeError(f"�� {key} ��
��")
if key >= len(self.marks):
off = key + 1 - len(self.marks)
self.marks.extend([None]*off)
self.marks[key] = value
def __delitem__(self, key):

if isinstance(key, int) and \
0 <= key < len(self.marks):
del self.marks[key]
else:
raise IndexError(f"�� {item} ��
[0:{len(self.marks)-1}] ")
# ��

s1 = Student('Djon', [5,5,4,2,5])
# ��
print(s1.marks[2]) # 4
# � �� (��) ��
# � �� , ��
# print(s1[2]) # TypeError: 'Student' object is not subscriptable
# ��
# �� __getitem__(self, item)
# self - ��
# item - ��
# ��
# print(s1.marks[20]) # IndexError: list index out of range
# � �� int � �� [ 0; len(marks) ]
print(s1[2]) # 4
# ��
# s1[2] = 10 # TypeError: 'Student' object does not support item assignment
# ��
# �� __setitem__(self, key, value)
# self - ��
# key - ��
# value - ��
# ��
# � �� int � ��
# �� (�� )
# ��
# ��
# s1[10] = 5 # NameError: name 'value' is not defined
# � �� [ 0; len(marks) ]
# � �� if key >= len(self, marks):
# �� off = key + 1 - len(self.marks)
# � ��
# extend(items): �� items � ��
s1[10] = 5
print(s1.marks) # [5, 5, 4, 2, 5, None, None, None, None, None, 5]
# ��
# del s1[10] # AttributeError: __delitem__
# �� __delitem__(self, key)
# self - ��
# key - ��
# ��
# � �� int � �� [ 0; len(marks) ]
del s1[10]
print(s1.marks) # [5, 5, 4, 2, 5, None, None, None, None, None]
#
#
# �� :
#
# �� :
class Vector:
def __init__(self, *args):

self.values = list(args)
# �� __repr__ ��

def __repr__(self):
return str(self.values)
def __getitem__(self, item):

if 0 <= len(self.values):
return self.values[item]
else:
raise IndexError('�� ')
def __setitem__(self, key, value):

if 0 <= key <= len(self.values):
self.values[key] = value
elif key > len(self.values):
diff = (key - len(self.values)) + 1
self.values.extend([None]*diff)
self.values[key] = value
else:
def __delitem__(self, key):

if 0 <= len(self.values):
del self.values[key]
else:
v = Vector(1,2,3,4,5)
print(v) # [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print(v[3]) # 4
v[3] = 7
print(v) # [1, 2, 3, 7, 5]
v[9] = 57
print(v) # [1, 2, 3, 7, 5, None, None, None, None, 57]
v[7] = 77
print(v) # [1, 2, 3, 7, 5, None, None, 77, None, 57]
#
#
# #
=======================================
# ��
#
# __iter__(self) � �� ;
# __next__(self) � �� .
#
# �� - ��
# �� .
# lst = [8,5,3,1,7]
# print(lst)
# �� - ��
# �� .
# it = iter(lst)
# � �� next()
# ��
# print(next(it)) # 8
# �� . next() = �� len(lst)
# ��
# print(next(it)) # StopIteration
# ��
# (��, ��, ��, �� ...)
# �� range(start,stop,step) - ��
# ��
# � ��
# print( list(range(5)) ) # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
# �.list() �� .range()
# ��
# �� .range()
# a = iter(range(5))
# �� .next() ��
# print( next(a) ) # 0
#
# ��
# �� __iter__(self) � __next__(self)
# �� FRange
# ��
# ��
# �� :
class FRange:
def __init__(self, start=0.0, stop=0.0, step=1.0):
self.start = start
self.stop = stop
self.step = step
def __iter__(self):
self.value = self.start - self.step
return self
def __next__(self):
if self.value + self.step < self.stop:
self.value += self.step
return self.value
else:
raise StopIteration
# ��

# �� start
# �� stop (�� )
# �� step
# �� __next__(self)
# � �� :
# �� self.value �� self.step
# �� self.stop
# �� self.value �� self.step
# � �� return self.value
# �� raise StopIteration
# � __init__ �� self.value = self.start - self.step
#
# ��
# fr = FRange(0, 2, 0.5)
# print(fr.__next__())
# ��:
# 0.0
# 0.5
# 1.0
# 1.5
# �� .next()
# print(next(fr))
# print(next(fr))
# print(next(fr))
# print(next(fr))
# ��
# �.�. �.next() �� , � �� __next__(self)
# � ��
# � �� fr ��
# �� for
# ��
# � �� fr ��
# it = iter(fr) # TypeError: 'FRange' object is not iterable
# �.iter() �� fr
# �� __iter__(self)
# ��
# �� fr, �.�. ��
# � �� .
# iter() �� , � ��
# (�� = ��, �� ),
# �� next() ��
# return self
# � �� value �� , � �� __init__
# self.value = self.start - self.step
# �.�. �� , �� .iter()
# �� , �� __iter__(self)
# � �� self.value �� . ��
# � �� iter(fr) �� for
# for x in fr:
# print(x)
# ��:
# 0.0
# 0.5
# 1.0
# 1.5
# �� for �� itet()
# �� .next() ��
# �� __iter__(self) � __next__(self)
# ��
# � �� next() �� for.
# B __next__(self) ��
# ��
# �� .
# �� :
# ��
# ��
# �� -�� = ��
#
#
# �� FRange2D �� :
# � �� FRange,
# ��
# ( �� )
# self.fr = FRange(start, stop, step)
# �� rows � ��
# self.rows = rows
# ��, �� __iter__ � __next__
# �� :
class FRange2D:
def __init__(self, start=0.0, stop=0.0, step=1.0, rows=5):
self.fr = FRange(start, stop, step)
self.rows = rows
def __iter__(self):
self.value_row = 0
return self
def __next__(self):
if self.value_row < self.rows:
self.value_row += 1
return iter(self.fr)
else:
raise StopIteration
#
# �� __iter__
# �� self.value � ��
# self.value_row = 0
# ��
# return self
#
# �� __next__
# �� value �� rows = ��
# if self.valuet < self.rows:
# �� (�� )
# �� value ��
# self.value += 1
# � �� fr
# return iter(self.fr)
# �.�. � �� (��) �� fr
# � ��
# raise StopIteration
#
# �� , �� __next__ �� ,
# � �� FRange.
#
#
fr = FRange2D(0, 2, 0.5, 4)
for row in fr:
for x in row:
print(x, end=" ")
print()
# � ��
# for row in fr:
# � �� row ��
# �� return iter(self.fr)
# �� __next__
# ��
# for x in row:
# ��
# ��:
# 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5
# 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5
# 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5
# 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5
# ��
# � �� , ��
# �� __iter__ � __next__.
#
#
# #
=======================================
# �� : �� Ш�
# ��
#
# __getitem__(self, item) � �� item;
# __setitem__(self, key, value) � �� value �� key;
# __delitem__(self, key) � �� key.
#

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ООП в Python

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pt = Point() # ������� �������� ������

# ������� �� ����������� ������� �� ������ Point

myf(Point, 'z') # �������� z � ������� <class '__main__.Point'> ���

pt = Point() # �������� ��������� ������ Point : <__main__.Point object at

def __init__(self, user, psw, port):

def write(self, data):

# ����������� ����� ��������� ������ ���� �������� ������� ������

db = DataBase('root', 1234, 80)

db.connect() # ���������� � �� : root2, 5678, 40

def __init__(self, x, y):

v = Vector(1, 2) # � __init__ ��������� x, y ������ ��� �������� ������� ������

def __init__(self, x, y):

v = Vector(10, 20) # � __init__ ��������� x, y ������ ��� �������� ������� ������

def __init__(self, x=0, y=0):

def set_coord(self, x, y):

def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):

def __init__(self, x=0, y=0):

def set_coord(self, x, y):

# # ���� ����� ����� ������������ �� ��������� ������� �������� � �����������

def __init__(self, seconds: int):

# def __add__(self, other):

# ��������� �������� � Python

# ����� __iadd__ ���� � ���� �������������� ��������

def __add__(self, other):

def __radd__(self, other):

def __init__(self, name, balance):

def __add__(self, other):

def __radd__(self, other):

# ���������� ������ �������������� ��������

def __init__(self, seconds: int):

# ����� ��������� ��������� ��� ��������� � print() / print(c)

def __iadd__(self, other):

def __rsub__(self, other):

def __isub__(self, other):

def __rmul__(self, other):

def __imul__(self, other):

# ��� ������ ������� (�� // )

def __itruediv__(self, other):

������������� ��� �����:

def __init__(self, seconds: int):

# ����� ��������� ��������� ��� ��������� � print() / print(c)

def __radd__(self, other):

def __iadd__(self, other):

def __rsub__(self, other):

def __isub__(self, other):

def __rmul__(self, other):

def __imul__(self, other):

# ��� ������ ������� (�� // )

def __itruediv__(self, other):

������������� ��� �����:

def __init__(self, seconds: int):

# ����� ��������� ��������� ��� ��������� � print() / print(c)

def __radd__(self, other):

def __rsub__(self, other):

def __rmul__(self, other):

# ��� ������ ������� (�� // )

def __init__(self, seconds: int):

# ����� ��������� ��������� ��� ��������� � print() / print(c)

# ���������� ������ �������������� ��������

def __radd__(self, other):

def __rsub__(self, other):

def __rmul__(self, other):

def __rtruediv__(self, other):

pt = Point() # ��

# �� Point

myf(Point, 'z') # �� z � �� <class 'main.Point'> ��

pt = Point() # �� Point : <main.Point object at

def init(self, user, psw, port):

# ��

db.connect() # �� : root2, 5678, 40

def init(self, x, y):

v = Vector(1, 2) # � init �� x, y ��

def init(self, x, y):

v = Vector(10, 20) # � init �� x, y ��

def init(self, x=0, y=0):

def new(cls, *args, **kwargs):

def init(self, x=0, y=0):

# # ��

def init(self, seconds: int):

# def add(self, other):

# �� Python

# �� iadd ��

def add(self, other):

def radd(self, other):

def init(self, name, balance):

def add(self, other):

def radd(self, other):

# ��

def init(self, seconds: int):

# �� print() / print(c)

def iadd(self, other):

def rsub(self, other):

def isub(self, other):

def rmul(self, other):

def imul(self, other):

# �� (�� // )

def itruediv(self, other):

�� :

def init(self, seconds: int):

# �� print() / print(c)

def radd(self, other):

def iadd(self, other):

def rsub(self, other):

def isub(self, other):

def rmul(self, other):

def imul(self, other):

# �� (�� // )

def itruediv(self, other):

�� :

def init(self, seconds: int):

# �� print() / print(c)

def radd(self, other):

def rsub(self, other):

def rmul(self, other):

# �� (�� // )

def init(self, seconds: int):

# �� print() / print(c)

# ��

def radd(self, other):

def rsub(self, other):

def rmul(self, other):

def rtruediv(self, other):

# ��

# �� ,

def init(self, x, y):

# �� Python ��

def init(self, x, y):

# �� Python ��

# print(type(123)) # <class 'int'> ��

def init(self, name, marks):

def getitem(self, item):

def setitem(self, key, value):

def delitem(self, key):

# ��

def init(self, *args):

# �� repr ��

def getitem(self, item):

def setitem(self, key, value):

def delitem(self, key):

# ��