Subject Matter Jurisdiction Federal Question Statute Title 28 U.S. Code Sect.

. 1331: The district courts shall have original jurisdiction of all civil actions arising under the Constitution, laws, or treaties of the United States. Constitution Article III section 2: The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and

Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority Diversity Jurisdiction Statute Title 28 U.S. Code Sect. 1332: (a) exceeds the sum or value of $75,000 for (1) citizens of different states. **and has been interpreted as complete diversity all plaintiffs against all defendants. (c)(1) a corporation shall be deemed to be a citizen of any State by which it has been incorporated and of the State where it has its principal place of business **United States Supreme Court unanimously held in Hertz Corp. v. Friend that a corporation's principal place of business is presumed to be the place of the corporations "nerve center" from where its officers conduct the corporations important business. Constitution Article III section 2: between Citizens of different States Definition of Citizen: U.S. Citizens are citizens in the state in which they are domiciled, meaning the last state they resided and had intent to remain indefinitely. Supplemental Jurisdiction Statute Title 28 U.S. Code Sect. 1367 (a) in any civil action of which the district courts have original jurisdiction, the district courts shall have supplemental jurisdiction over all other claims that are so related to claims in the action within such original jurisdiction that they form part of the same case or controversy under Article III of the United States Constitution. Such supplemental jurisdiction shall include claims that involve the joinder or intervention of additional parties. (b) In any civil action of which the district courts have original jurisdiction founded solely on section 1332 of this title, the district courts shall not have supplemental jurisdiction under subsection (a) over claims by plaintiffs against persons made parties under Rule 14, 19, 20, or 24 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. **This is against plaintiffs, defendant can still bring other claims under Sect. 1367(a). Constitution - The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases arising under this Constitution. Actions Removable Generally Statute Title 28 U.S. Code sect. 1441

(a) Except as otherwise expressly provided by Act of Congress, any civil action brought in a State court of which the district courts of the United States have original jurisdiction, may be removed by the defendant or the defendants, to the district court of the United States for the district and division embracing the place where such action is pending. For purposes of removal under this chapter, the citizenship of defendants sued under fictitious names shall be disregarded. (b) Any civil action of which the district courts have original jurisdiction founded on a claim or right arising under the Constitution, treaties or laws of the United States shall be removable without regard to the citizenship or residence of the parties. Any other such action shall be removable only if none of the parties in interest properly joined and served as defendants is a citizen of the State in which such action is brought. (c) ???? Personal Jurisdiction ???Constitution and statute??? Generally speaking, a party is subject to personal jurisdiction in a state if the party has purposely availed itself of the resources or protection of the state, and if the exercise of jurisdiction does not offend traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice. minimum contacts such that it does not offend traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice - Supreme Court in International Shoe Co. v. Washington can waive personal jurisdiction even unknowingly. Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4K(1)(a)
Purposeful availment just a national magazine advertisement is not sufficient for purposeful availment.

Venue Sect. 1391

(a) A civil action wherein jurisdiction is founded only on diversity of citizenship may, except as otherwise provided by law, be brought only in (1) a judicial district where any defendant resides, if all defendants reside in the same State, (2) a judicial district in which a substantial part of the events or omissions giving rise to the claim occurred, or a substantial part of property that is the subject of the action is situated, or (3) a judicial district in which any defendant is subject to personal jurisdiction at the time the action is commenced, if there is no district in which the action may otherwise be brought. (b) A civil action wherein jurisdiction is not founded solely on diversity of citizenship may, except as otherwise provided by law, be brought only in (1) a judicial district where any defendant resides, if all defendants reside in the same State, (2) a judicial district in which a substantial part of the events or omissions giving rise to the claim occurred, or a substantial part of property that is the subject of the action is situated, or (3) a judicial district in which any defendant may be found, if there is no district in which the action may otherwise be brought. (c) For purposes of venue under this chapter, a defendant that is a corporation shall be deemed to reside

in any judicial district in which it is subject to personal jurisdiction at the time the action is commenced. In a State which has more than one judicial district and in which a defendant that is a corporation is subject to personal jurisdiction at the time an action is commenced, such corporation shall be deemed to reside in any district in that State within which its contacts would be sufficient to subject it to personal jurisdiction if that district were a separate State, and, if there is no such district, the corporation shall be deemed to reside in the district within which it has the most significant contacts.

Sect. 1404 Change in Venue (a) For the convenience of parties and witnesses, in the interest of justice, a district court may transfer any civil action to any other district or division where it might have been brought. Sect. 1406 Cure of waiver or defects
(a) The district court of a district in which is filed a case laying venue in the wrong division or district shall dismiss, or if it be in the interest of justice, transfer such case to any district or division in which it could have been brought.