LIMITS , FITS & TOLERANCES

PPT AS SUPPORT TO CLASS LECTURES V ADE AUG 2011

UW / UPES / ADE V SEM 2011

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UW / UPES / ADE V SEM 2011

UW / UPES / ADE V SEM 2011

UW / UPES / ADE V SEM 2011

UW / UPES / ADE V SEM 2011

Tolerancing
Tolerances are used to control the variation in size that exists on all manufactured parts. The amount that a size is allowed to vary depends on the function of the part & its assembly. electric drill vs. jet engine The more accuracy required in a part (smaller tolerance) the greater the cost. Tolerances allow for interchangeable parts, which permits the replacement of individual parts in an assembly instead of replacing the whole system if a part goes bad or fails.
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Tolerancing Terms
Nominal size: the name or general size. Often expressed in decimal format Actual size: the measured size of the finished part. Limits: the maximum & minimum sizes shown by the toleranced dimension. Tolerance the total allowable variance in a dimension Tolerance = Upper Limit Lower Limit Allowance: the min. clearance or max. interference between 2 parts. Fit: the degree of tightness between mating parts
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Fit
Fit: the degree of tightness between mating parts. The three most common types of fit found in industry Clearance fit - there is always a space between the 2 mating parts. (shaft is smaller than the hole) Interference fit - the 2 mating parts always interfere with one another in assembly. (shaft is bigger than the hole) Transition fit - sometimes a clearance fit & sometimes an interference fit between the mating parts.
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A = Clearance fit B = Transition fit C = Interference fit

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Basic Systems
Basic Hole System
Standard reamers, etc., are used to produce holes and standard gauges used to check sizes. Shafts are machined. Determine Minimum hole size, apply allowance, then apply tolerances.

Basic Shaft System

Not used often. However, advantageous when shafts cannot be easily machined to size or when several parts fit onto one shaft. Determine Maximum shaft size, apply 15 allowance,UW / UPES apply tolerances. then / ADE V SEM 2011

Basic Shaft System

Fundamental deviation for the shaft equals the basic size

Basic size applied to shaft the type of fit will determine whether the basic size will be the largest shaft or the smallest shaft.

Fundamental deviation for the hole equals the allowance

Upper deviation (Minimum clearance / allowance)

Lower deviation (Maximum clearance)

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Basic Hole System

Fundamental deviation for the shaft equals the allowance Upper deviation (Minimum clearance / allowance)

Fundamental deviation for the hole equals the basic size

Lower deviation (Maximum clearance)

Basic size applied to hole the type of fit will determine whether the basic size will be the largest hole or the smallest hole.
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EXAMPLE ONLY FOR REFERENCE

limits and fits using hole basis
Description Hole Shaft

Loose Running
Free Running Easy Running - Good quality easy to do-

H11
H9 H8

c11
d9 f8

Sliding
Close Clearance - Spigots and locations Location/Clearance Location- slight interference

H7
H8 H7 H7

g6
f7 h6 k6

Location/Transition
Location/Interference- Press fit which can be separated Medium Drive

H7
H7 H7

n6
p6 s6

Force
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H7

u6
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REFER PSG HAND BOOK FOR DATA

PROBLEMS 1. Examples solved in class tutorials 2. Assignment No 1

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