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Calculating pH at Equivalence
In an acid-base titration, you carefully measure the volumes of acid and base that react. Then, knowing the concentration of either the acid or the base, and the stoichiometric relationship between them, you calculate the concentration of the other reactant. The equivalence point in the titration occurs when just enough acid and base have been mixed for a complete reaction to occur, with no excess of either reactant. For example, suppose that you are titrating a strong acid solution against a weak base. At the equivalence point, the flask contains an aqueous solution of the salt that is formed by the reaction. The solution of a salt of a weak base and a strong acid is acidic. The pH at equivalence in a titration is the same as the pH of an aqueous solution of the salt formed.
8.2
Predicting Precipitation I
Problem A common test for chloride ions in a solution involves adding AgNO3(ag) to the solution being tested. If chloride ions are present in sufficient quantity, the chemist will observe a white cloudiness that indicates the formation of a precipitate. Ksp for silver chloride is 1.8 x 10^(-10). A drop (0.050 mL) of 6.0 mol/L silver nitrate is added to 1.0 L of 0.10 mol/L sodium chloride. Does a precipitate of silver chloride form? What Is Required? Will silver chloride precipitate under the given conditions? What Is Given? You know the concentration and volume of the silver nitrate and sodium chloride solutions. For AgNO3, c = 6.0 mol/L and V = 0.050 mL. For NaCl, c = 0.10 mol/L and V = 1.0 L. You also know Ksp for silver chloride.
Predicting Precipitation II
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