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Based on lectures given at MIT with T. Senthil. I thank Senthil for the use of some of his material.
1. Strong correlation physics: interaction between electrons d i t th i ki ti energy. M tt i l t dominates their kinetic Mott insulator l t and its doping. HiTc as an example. (Early sections in Lee,
Nagaosa and Wen, Rev Mod Phys 78 17(2006) and Lee, Reports of Progress in Wen Phys,78,17(2006) Lee Physics, 71,012501(2008))
X2 y2 X2-y2 z2
Mott insulator.
Undoped CuO2 plane: Mott I l M Insulator due to d e- - e- interaction Virtual hopping induces Vi tual AF exchange J=4t2/U
Hubbard model: Add on site repulsion U to represent screened Coulomb interaction interaction. Mott insulator if U>>4t
Doping a Mott insulator. Holes become mobile and insulator should be a conductor in the absence of strong disorder. The surprise is that it becomes a superconductor!
Undoped CuO2 plane: Mott I l M Insulator due to d e- - e- interaction Virtual hopping induces Vi tual AF exchange J=4t2/U
Mott insulator
Electron picture
Hole picture
By fitting the spin wave dispersion measured b neutron scattering. ( l d by i (also needs a small ring exchange term.) Also from Raman scattering scattering.
Largest J kno n among known transition metal oxide, except for the Cu-O chain compound where J=220meV.
Due to AF exchange between Cu and O, the g y singlet symmetric orbital gains a large energy, of order 6 eV. This singlet orbital can hop with effective hopping t given by:
1) low dimension 2) H = J
J
Competition: p
t3J
Si Sj nn
2. Luttinger Theorem: volume of Fermi surface is the same as free fermion, ie For n carriers it is n/2 mod 1 of the area of the BZ. 3. Physical quantities are given by free fermion expressions except for Landau parameters. p g, pp Except for tunneling, z does not appear.