Name Subject No. Group No.

Lab Exercise Title Problem Objective

: : : :

Christian Rem C. Iman CE311 2 6

Date Location Weather

: July 27, 2011 : ADDU Campus : Sunny

: Laying Out a Horizontal Curve in an Obstructed Line of Sight: Chord-Deflection Method : Laying Out a Horizontal Curve : Lay out a horizontal circular curve by the chord-deflection method in obstructed line of sight

A. Instruments & Accessories: transit, steel tape, tripod, hub, flaglets, range poles B. Procedure: 1. Set up and level the instrument at the designated point of intersection (PI). 2. Establish on the ground PC by laying out a steel tape, the computed tangent distance (T) from the PI. 3. Sight PC using the transit with a horizontal angle reading of 0o. Lock it and plunge the scope to the opposite direction. Release the lock, then establish a deflection angle (I) and a line of sight. Measure the same T from the transit to point PT and using the line of sight, align the steel tape and locate on the ground point PT. 4. Using the given formulas, solve for the number of intermediate stations necessary. Solve for the values of intermediate deflection angles and chord lengths needed to lay out the curve on the ground. 5. Transfer and set up the instrument in PC then lay off the computed deflection angles. To establish the first curve station, first set the horizontal circle reading of the instrument to zero and sight along PI. Lay off the required sub-deflection angle (D/2) and the computed intermediate chord length from PC to the sighted station and then set a mark. 6. Repeat the process of locating succeeding stations on the curve by laying out the computed deflection angles and the chord distances from PC to each sighted station. 7. When you reach a station that cannot be sighted from PC, transfer the transit to the last station you can see from your current position. There, set up the instrument, and set its horizontal angle reading at 00. Sight back PC, lock and plunge the scope. From there, make the last horizontal angle reading you made with this station and continue to add D/2 values for the succeeding points. 8. When the final station is established, the closing PT should be staked out using the final deflection angle and subchord, to determine the disclosure in laying out the curve.

C. Illustration:

CIRCULAR CURVE ELEMENTS: R = radius of the curve T = tangent distance I = intersection or deflection angle E = external distance M = middle ordinate LC = long chord PC = point of curvature PT = point of tangency D = degree of curve L = length of curve

D. Computations:

I.

T =Rtan( ) 28=Rtan( R =27.50m )

IV.

M = R* M = 27.50* M = 8.23m

( )+ ( )+

II.

LC = 2Rsin( ) LC = 2(27.50) sin( LC = 39.24m )

V.

= = D=8

III.

E = R*

( ) (

+ ) +

VI.

L = IR L=( )( )

E = 27.50* E = 11.75m

L = 43.69m

E. Tabulation of Data: TABLE 1: AT POINT PC STATION POINT DEFLECTION ANGLE AT POINT PC 0 410 820 1230 1640 2050 CHORD LENGTH CURVE DATA

0+000 0+004 0+008 0+012 0+016 0+020

PC A B C D E

0 4 4 4 4 4

0+020 0+024 0+028 0+032 0+036 0+040 0+043.69

AFTER TRANSFERING THE TRANSIT E 2050 F 2500 G 2910 H 3320 I 3730 J 4140 PT 4358

4 4 4 4 4 4 3.7

M=8.23m E=11.75m I= T=28m R=27.50m LC=39.24m D=8 L=43.69m

F. Remarks:

It was a fair day during our activity so we were able to established and perform our activity with a small decimal of errors although there were some groups who established their instrument very close to us, it serves us our obstruction and we were able to do the task.

G. Conclusion: Chord-deflection method is used in laying out a horizontal curve with obstruction. H. Transit Party: Dizon, Arthur Jr. Espiritu, Lener Iman, Christian Patayon, Rodney Perandos, Krishna Wee, Raymart - Chief of Party, Instrumentman - Asst. Chief of Party - Flagman - Tapeman, Rodman - Recorder - Computer