Awards and honours{wikipedia}

Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru had this to say about M.S. Subbulakshmi- "Who am I, a mere Prime Minister before a Queen, a Queen of Music". While Lata Mangeshkar called her Tapaswini (the Renunciate), Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan termed her Suswaralakshmi (the goddess of the perfect note), and Kishori Amonkar labeled her the ultimate eighth note or Aathuvaan Sur, which is above the seven notes basic to all music. The great national leader and poet Sarojini Naidu called her "Nightingale of India". Her many famous renditions of bhajans include the chanting of Bhaja Govindam, Vishnu sahasranama (1000 names of Vishnu), Hari Tuma Haro and the Venkateswara Suprabhatam (musical hymns to awaken Lord Balaji early in the morning). She was widely honored, praised and awarded. Some of the more popular ones include Padma Bhushan in 1954, Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 1956, Sangeetha Kalanidhi in 1968 (literally, Treasure Chest of Music. She was the first woman recipient of the title), Ramon Magsaysay award (often considered Asia's Nobel Prize) in 1974, the Padma Vibhushan in 1975, the Kalidas Samman in 1988, the Indira Gandhi Award for National Integration in 1990, and the Bharat Ratna in 1998. She was also honored as the court-singer of Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams. Tirupati Urban Development Authority (TUDA) has installed a bronze statue of M.S. Subbulakshmi at the Poornakumbham circle in the temple town. It was unveiled by Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy on 28 May 2006. The most famous Kancheepuram Saree shade known as MS Blue was created for her by the well known Congress party member and philanthropist, Sri Muthu Chettiyar when they met at the residence of Sri R. Aiyadurai and Smt. Thangam Aiyadurai at Lady Desikachari Road, Madras, who were close friends of MS and Sadasivam. She was bestowed with enormous prize moneys with these awards, she donated most of them to charity. She has given more than 200 charity concerts and raised well over Rs. 10,000,000. She was awarded honorary degree degrees from several Universities. She was an ardent devotee of Kanchi Mahaswamigal and she rendered his composition Maithreem Bhajatha (O World! Cultivate peace) in her concert at the UN in 1966. She donated many of the royalties on several best sold records to many charity organizations.

DR.MS Subbalakshmi
Madurai Shanmukhavadivu Subbulakshmi Popularly known as M.S. or M.S.S. was born in september16th 1916 and Subbulakshmi died on December 11, 2004 after a brief illness, due to complications relating to pneumonia and cardiac irregularities. M.S.Subbhalakshmi was a renowned Carnatic Vocalist. She was the first musician ever to be awarded the Bharath Ratna, Indias highest civilian honor. She bagged several

awards like the `Isai Vani, `Sangeet Kalanidhi at the state level, `Padma Bhushan, `Padma Vibhushan, the Ramon Magsaysay award at national and international levels. Subbulakshmi was born in the temple town of Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India to Shanmukhavadivu (Veena Vidwan) and Subramanian Iyer, a lawyer, in a devadasi musical family. They had three children. People fondly called MS, `Kunjamma. MS ruled the world of carnatic music for several decades. MS was instrumental in taking this art form out of India and across the world. She started learning Carnatic music from an early age. She performed a vast variety of musical forms in different languages including Tamil, Telugu, Sanskrit, Hindi, Malayalam, Kannada, Bengali, Gujarati and Marathi. After the death of her husband Sadasivam in 1997, she stopped all her public performances. M.S.Subbulakshmi traveled to London, New York, Canada, the Far East, and other places as Indias cultural ambassador. She gave many concerts in different parts of the world; her concerts at Carnegie Hall, New York, the UN General Assembly on UN day in 1966, the Royal Albert Hall, London in 1982, and at the Festival of India in Moscow in 1987 were significant landmarks in her career. One of the greatest classical vocalists of her times, M S sang only for charity for a number of years. M.S.Subbulakshmi Film Career M.S. also acted in a few Tamil films in her youth. Her first movie Sevasadanam was released in 1938. MS Subbulakshmi also played the male role of Narada in Savitri which released in the year 1941 to raise money for launching Kalki, her husbands nationalist Tamil weekly. Her title role of the Rajasthani saint-poetess Meera in the eponymous film in the year 1945 gave her national prominence. This movie was re-made in Hindi in 1947. The movie had M.S Subbulakshmi sing the famous Meera bhajans, with Dilipkumar Roy as the music director. Later, she quit films and turned wholly to concert music. M.S.Subbalakshmi Family Life: M.S. met T.Sadasivam, a freedom fighter who is a follower of Rajaji in the year1936. She stayed with Sadasivam during this period until their marriage in 1940 upon the demise of Sadasivams first wife. This was a period in which she was in a quandary as to whether she should marry GNB, the handsome and brlliant musician or Sri. Sadasivam. She chose Sri Sadasivam as her husband and her marriage spanned almost 60 years, in which Sadasivam shaped MSs career like a master craftsman. M.S Subbalakshmi and sadasivam had no children of their own. But sadasivams previous marriage childrens Radha and Vijaya were blessed by the motherly love showered on them by Subbulakshmi. Subbulakshmi Music Career

Subbulakshmi first recording was released when she was 10 years old. She gave her first public performance during the Mahamaham festival at Kumbakonam at the age of sixteen. She began her Carnatic classical music training under Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer and then Hindustani classical training under Pandit Narayan Rao Vyas. By the age of 17, Subbulakshmi was giving concerts on her own, including major performances at the Madras Music Academy, a prestigious centre for the study and promotion of Carnatic music. Performance in Carnatic music concerts was until then, a domain, traditionally reserved for men. In 1969 she was accompanied by Indian Railways Advisor SN Venkata Rao to Rameshwaram, where she famously sang several songs in front of each idol in the Rameshwaram temple. M.S and Sadasivam also trained Radha who frequently sang with M.S. in concert while Vijaya played the Tanpura. Radha became a vital force in MS kutcheris and accompanied her for almost 50 years till illness prevented her from doing so. MS had a lasting impression on commoners through songs like Vaishnava Janato and Hari tum haro. She was solely responsible for popularizing kritis of Annamacharya, the Vishnu Sahasranamam, Venkatesa Subrapatham and Kurai onrum illai, to name some of her songs. Famous Quotes about M.S.Subbulakshmi by Famous Personalities Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru said Who am I , a mere Prime Minister before a Queen, a Queen of Music . Lata Mangeshkar called her Tapaswini (the Renunciate). Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan termed her Suswaralakshmi (the goddess of the perfect note). Kishori Amonkar labeled her the ultimate eighth note or Aathuvaan Sur, which is above the seven notes basic to all music. Awards Received by Subbalakshmi M.S.Subbulakshmi was widely honored, praised and awarded. She was honored as the court-singer of Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams. She was bestowed with enormous prize moneys with these awards; she donated most of them to charity. She was awarded honorary degrees from several Universities. She received Padma Bhushan in 1954. Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 1956. Sangeetha Kalanidhi in the year 1968. Ramon Magsaysay award in 1974

The Padma Vibhushan in 1975. The Kalidas Samman in 1988. The Indira Gandhi Award for National Integration in 1990. Bharath Ratna in the year 1998. Sadly, Sadasivam did not live to see his wife receive the highest national award, the Bharat Ratna, from the hands of the then President of India K R Narayanan. The Nightingale fell silent on the night of December 11, 2004. M S Subbulakshmi passed away around 11.30 pm at St. Isabels Hospital in Chennai on Saturday, brining the curtain down on a glorious chapter in the history of Carnatic music. Her demise has cast a pall of gloom on the world of Carnatic music. MS may have gone, but her music will live forever

SOIL RESOURCES
With over 40 soil types in Australia, there's plenty of opportunity for better understanding this vital structure in the earth's ecology. Australian soil is classified according to level of profile (vertical section of soil) development, presence or absence of calcium carbonate, color, texture, sharpness of its layers, pH level, depth of parent material and presence or absence of ironstone gravel, asserts the author of "Senior Australian Agriculture." The Australian Soil Club has also documented how major soil types relate to the country's landscape and agriculture.

Podzols
Podzols prevent fertile growth, because hydrogen ions have replaced washed-out clay and iron oxides. Found on Australia's east coast and some eastern mountain slopes of the Great Dividing Range, podzols typically exist where annual rainfall exceeds 700 millimeters.

Ferrosols
Ferrosols, in contrast to Podzols, have high agricultural value, but are typical in the state of Victoria where Podzols also appear. Found in areas with good drainage, Ferrosols occur where annual rainfall is from 700 to 1,450 millimeters.

Desert soils
Desert soils have a reddish-brown appearance, and typically occur in areas receiving less than 200 millimeters of rain per year. They support little vegetation and contain soluble salts on or near the surface.

Gray, Brown and Yellow Soils

Grayish-brown soils usually occur in medium to low rainfall areas, in areas of Victoria, New South Wales and Queensland. Their subsoil typically contains sodium salts. The yellow soils, or Kurosols, in the Queensland area have higher acidity than the alkaline Grayish-brown soils.

Mallees and Calcarosols

The reddish-brown Mallee soils have a sandy texture, contain sodium chloride and usually occur in areas with annual rainfall of 200 to 450 millimeters. The Calcarosols of South Australia, which occur in areas with similar rainfall, contain lime which produces lower agricultural value as alkalinity reaches higher levels.

Dermosols
Dermosols generally have high agricultural value, with high chemical fertility and water-holding capacity, and low levels of iron. The Australian Soil Club pinpoints New South Wales as an area where Dermosols occur.

Alluvium
Alluvium soil is sandy in texture, easily moved by running water. It is a very fertile, young soil, with a nearly neutral pH.

Black Earths
Black earths are deep, black clay that cracks when dry and is sticky when wet. They possess a high percentage of humus, while sometimes containing calcium carbonate in the subsoil. They occur in areas receiving 500 to 1000 millimeters of annual rainfall. Read more: Types of Soil in Australia | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/list_6749566_types-soil-australia.html#ixzz19UhXglPz