Question #1 Actions and influence are two main factors that take place in the United States Supreme

Court. Throughout history till this point the Supreme Court has heard and decided upon numerous cases, which have influenced todays way of living for all citizens. However, these appeals are sometimes protest because of the final word of judicial review, the governments check and balances, and the rights of individual justice. Judicial review is like the conclusive word from the government. In that case, it nullifies laws and acts that violate the constitution and higher norms. It is a way to remain and assure that the public respects the constitution, and does not use power granted from the constitution to do illegitimate acts. Nevertheless, sometimes these authorities are questioned and protest, which later forces the consultants to reconsider. The Supreme Court first established its power to declare laws unconstitutional in Marbury v. Madison (1803), consummating the system of checks and balances. This power allows judges to have the last word on allocation of authority among the three branches of the federal government, which grants them the ability to set bounds to their own authority, as well as to their immunity from outside checks and balances. Therefore, the Supreme Court cannot directly enforce its rulings; instead, it relies on respect for the Constitution and for the law for adherence to its judgments. Also, before the case is preceded to the Supreme Court it is first undergone through writ of certiorari. This is an order a higher court issues in order to review the decision and proceedings in a lower court and determine whether there were any irregularities. When the U.S. Supreme Court orders a lower court to transmit records for a case for which it will hear on appeal, it is done through a writ of certiorari. Certiorari is the common method for cases to be heard before the U.S. Supreme Court since it has specific jurisdiction over a very limited range of disputes. Judicial activism is an interpretation of the U.S. constitution holding that the spirit of the times and the needs of the nation can legitimately influence judicial decisions particularly decisions of the Supreme Court. This is another way to keep the check and balance system going. Stare decisis is the doctrine that rules or principles of law on which a court rested a previous decision are authoritative in all future cases in which the facts are substantially the same. In other words, it insures certainty, consistency, and stability in the administration of justice with the departure of decisions. Overall, the Supreme Court is not given authorities of judicial review as a dictatorship; there are checks and balances within it. Some of these checks and balances are the stare decisis, judicial activism, and writ of certiorari, which insures individual justice.