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Test 2, Chapter 1
Objective: Show what you have learned about limits, derivatives, and definite integrals so far. Part 1: No calculators allowed (17)
1. Write the verbal definition of the limit of f(x) as x approaches c. For Problems 57, the figure shows the graph of the velocity, v, in feet per second, of a roller coaster as a function of the time, t, in seconds, since it started.
v (ft/s) 25 20 15 10 5 t (s) 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

2. Write the four concepts of calculus. 5. Which concept of calculus is used to find the distance the roller coaster travels from t = 0 to t = 35? Estimate this distance graphically.

3. Sketch the graph of a function f for which f(2) = 7, but limx2 f(x) = 5. 6. Which concept of calculus is used to find the rate of change of speed at the instant when t = 30? Estimate this rate graphically. Tell the units of this rate of change and the physical name for this quantity.

4. Sketch a graph showing the graphical meaning of definite integral.

7. Does the speed have a limit as time approaches 15? If so, write the limit. If not, tell why not.

(Hand in this page to get the rest of the test.)

Calculus: Concepts and Applications Instructors Resource Book 2005 Key Curriculum Press Section, Chapter, and Cumulative Tests / 225

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Test 2, Chapter 1 continued

Part 2: Graphing calculators allowed (817)
Compound Interest Problem (814): Calculus involves finding instantaneous rates of change. For instance, if $1000 invested in a savings account has the interest compounded continuously, then M(t), the amount of money in the account after t years, could be given by the equation M(t) = 1000(1.1)t. 8. How much is in the account at the end of 5 yr? 9. Find the average rate of change of the money for the 5-yr period. 10. Estimate the instantaneous rate of change of M(t) at time t = 5 by using M(5) and M(5.1). Is this rate slower or faster than the average rate in Problem 9? Can you think of a real-world reason this should be true? 11. Get a better estimate of the instantaneous rate in Problem 10 by using M(4.9) and M(5.1). 12. Get a better estimate of the instantaneous rate in Problem 10 by using M(5) and M(5.01), then by using M(5) and M(5.001). 13. Tell why the instantaneous rate in Problem 10 cannot be found exactly by direct substitution using the equation for M(t). 14. Three hundred years ago, Newton and Leibniz found algebraic ways to calculate (calculus) instantaneous rates. Using these methods, the instantaneous rate in Problem 10 is 153.497997.... Show that the average rate of change you have calculated in Problems 10 and 12 are approaching this number as t gets closer to 5. 15. Definite integrals are products of the x- and y-variables of a function. For instance, a definite integral is used to calculate distance (which equals rate times time) when the rate varies. Suppose that you record your speed in feet per second as you drive from a parking lot. Use trapezoids to estimate the distance you travel between t = 0 and t = 20 s. Show your method. t 0 5 10 15 20 speed 6 13 17 22 14

16. As you later cruise down the highway, your speed in feet per second is given by

v(t)= 30 + 0.3 t
Use your trapezoidal rule program to estimate the distance you go between t = 0 and t = 25 s using n = 10 increments and using n = 100 increments. What integer value does your distance seem to be approaching as a limit as n gets larger? 17. What did you learn as a result of taking this test that you did not know before?

226 / Section, Chapter, and Cumulative Tests

Calculus: Concepts and Applications Instructors Resource Book 2005 Key Curriculum Press