ore ee AT, KYQ3MC GELZBETONINIY KONSTRUKCHY | PATIKIMUMO |VERTINIMAS | OUEHHKA | HAAEMHOCTU A. KUDZYS | RELIABILITY ESTIMATION | MESIESOBETOHHBIX OF REINFORCED | KOHCTPYHLMA CONCRETE STRUCTURES | | ] | } | | @ ‘VILNIUS ,MOKSLAS* 1985 BAMHIOC «MOKCHAC» 1985 VILNIUS MOKSLAS PUBLISHERS 198538.53, ‘Ka ‘YANK 624.046.5: 624.0124 Kyasue A. M1. Ouenxa nanenuoeri rkeneso6etorinx woreypyxual, — Buabatoe: Moxerac, 1985. — 156. B minre wonaraiores seposmiccrisie meron OUCH MANEHOOCTC MpoesTupyEX, 3rO- ‘ronment nosseseinisx eseroGeroranox KoNeTpY»Iath. TIpmsontTee npaxravectie coco- bit pacers expuopiin i axecrepropibix DoposmHocraue HoxaTeNEH SetonacoeT, UpMrOr Hocta, fonrosearveny, eaaebecruocra, xuny¥erTH x mpuCHcOGenocTH INeMELTOO i CUETE. Marevaicecexe MOxemE MOrYT NOTOMUSONATBCH HE ONE HapeRAOSTA AOVTIN KORTE sc peeoropax minon OSopyAonale, Take h py oGuacrax Hayen W veKhnen. TIPE puepar paceera KOMCKpYil 2 Najexulocrn. TIpeyvasvasaeres pe sioreKepoRcaHeEDY ‘ropoa. Moser tire nonetva cryrexrant Texutteceex py30e. BuGauorp. 97 yaaa, Ha, 23. Te6R. 4 Penensentat: P. A. PY/LUKHC u B. M. CHAPCKHG Kyngne A. 88 Ouewxa nagersnocra akeneso6eTOREHX xoHerpyxuHi toniniy konstrukeijy patikimumo jvertinimas—Reliability estima tion of reinforced conerete structures— Buabiioc: Moxesac, 1985, ielébe- = 156 c,, rpat Per ie asmorp, & 182186 (97 a ) BB 38.53 6c x. 220200000018 54 95 @ Haxaremceno marian A, A. Teoanena [I8], wro B viacrosuice Bpestt apynto iepecrporre opsia npoecmponasis KORCTpYxANHl Mi HALTS BeD9~ reer of onrimarsanun. ‘Teo Ne Meee TPAKTHNECKAA. AeeTENbHOCTS YHTENC: Toe apesyer panetetig NeTOIOD TeOpinn Haexctoen. Ax anaprie Pom ani Koxicrpyail HOXaDuDaeT, WTO DO MILOTHK Cry8EAK PACNET KONCTDYS- ae agexnocts werGexe 73], a HMeHHO rip HAAN aTPEECHBHEN HEL ae eaCrai, OXINAMION cayiaiinsx xPOTKOBpENENESIK NepeTPYSOK MT. Tiportaxa npcecruposails, sosveneiia x ofcnayarauor xoxeTpyeait ¢ai- ere perayer, ro Hk mepomTocTio-craTHcrHseceRe TORESATEMM XOMEOMOTCH » sear ypeseaan. [losTOMy Hapnay © TOKASATEIANN TPYHO-, MATEpHANO- Mt saaestaoeri sepoRTHOCTHIXe TOKASGTEAMK AaioT BosMorAocr Gomes obs sae snnnaTiupenoeMocTs KONCTPYETHGHOTO peut AAA eOOPY- rae a aM ojte MossoNmC® WoRoopave 2xoHoMmecKH HenecoeGpesat ponents OGecmeveRNOcTit KOHTPYXILT ‘Heeworpa iit cyulecraosarnie osoasKo ciusNo pespierll TeopIO aexTOC- cu, popommvoctst ONTO K PACYeTY exeDoGeTOuNBIK woverpyinle TPysH vraapacten b npacrnxy no HecconoxiNe npreuant. Bo-nepeby ® OpMITHANOH rnpanowiel TeKscexoi micteparype, OTeyTeraylor cewonswe cTaTHETIN acuipozeneng. com upiero-Mextsecsin xapaetepHeDIE | Matepiaon Pe pmepuix, # xegooraTOWol eTerel paselTa NeTonra HDCHepHBIK DAC” ao rcuerpyniail na uasemuocrs. 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Tipeanaraenaie MeTOMWRECKMe PeKOMEHTAUIME TIO pacsery croxacriiecxH SABHCHONIX STEMENTOB Tk CHOTEME MOTYT OMIT HTTORSORANDT JIN OUCH Haste Hoorn Hecynwox M orpaxsaiom KoKeTpYKuhil, warOTOBRextMAX m3 _xpyTIN MarepHanoB, @ TANKE JUIA BEPORTHOCTROTO PacweTa NeKOTODKIX BIGIOD oGOP! ‘nonars, Marewaniecaie orem moryt Gxrr> mpwcnocoSemst x ccs no8 OMEN, BETOAHREMIIM B NpyTHX OBNACTAR HaykON H TEXIONC CC’ nemsi0 OBNErGeHIIX OCROEHIIA STOAEHHOTO NaTEpIAUM M UpeONOeHHK eKOTOpAX MaTemeTHecKHEX TpynHOCTeH NaN MPAMepst pacreTa KOHCTpYKUM a wazexxocr®, OCHOBHBIE OBOSHAYENHS! EE u o% — cpemtiee suavenue 4 gMenepeus pacnpestenesina eaysali- oi sexist & xax Tewepambubte craruori, Sag SE, = To xe, Kax muGopownie crarvcrinar WE tee En &) — OOsruts eMemammll MoNenTar pacnpenesenn cay alinoit peamuuunt & xax rexepabune craTHeriaN (G, &) — 70 xe, xaK pGopowse craTKeTHKIC = rosfybuuexros napuaupar, acunterpme wt axciecca pac- npenenennx cxysaiixoi sesmewmnst & FeQ) «fe @) —-~ muTerpamsuas 1 sumbybepesmansias dysnaune pacnpe- renown cnysaiiol pemronast & ©) #—B) —-— TROyAponaATATe Gym HopreNposaMIOTO wopreamb- oro pacnpenesexix enyvaibof nesucwn & — conpormnieaie ouevenTa Ww MaTepiana = yeuime snesestra = rowmosmroman yinuyex paGotocnocoGuocra oxe- wera rayecoscxil noxasarenb nazexatoert = apTorosapuaen (Koppenmmucnin woNent) dyna paGoroctocodsiooTa aneMeTa = Hopanposausiax vermrnna aproxosapnausnn (Kooi lunes xoppenst) ¢pysnunic paGoTocmocoGwocri oae- Zu Zi Menta cov Zu Z) = ronaprauv (koppenausioumnilt Montewt) onexterrr0B CHe- ‘rest —Topnuposusiay vemonoia xowapsaes (Korparent oppetati) anexexton cuctesst e 606i xomppprnutesrrxoppenmun cnyauoiiwoene- fRonaTensHOCTH paGoractioeoGwocTit eMeHTA sa CHC ‘ev r = napaorea xouerpysuvnt st npenen¥oe coeromte (0} PQ} P (Tet) i PT r B F(T) P {Tet} exo npuaowenui un coverunii: TosTopubIx Bpessen- max marpysox epomTsIocTH paGovOcHocOGHOCTIC KONETpYKUIN! B03 Lansvopemua e@ KpenemBHOTO COCTOSICE pepostiiocTs paGovociocoSuocrm srewcuTa 9 ceveulot ‘enysaliioro mponecea (MTHOBeIHAA BepOsTHOCTS) Jo. ke, Tp ONNOKPATHON MpwOMeNAN ppenexHerx narpy3ox Han 1 coveTamTHt beposTHocTs paGoTooHocoSHOTH sneMenTa Tp YOTa- opnewiioil sapaGorxe f ‘ro Xe, cHCTEMBY, COCToaueit w3 1 SneMeHtTOD peporTMocts GesjteperTmocTH xostcTpyKat BeposrHocrs €uBySECTH KOHCTPYRUNC BepogmioeTs MpucsIocOBnxeMOCTH KONCTDYRUAK K Hly- ‘aiiuoit neperpy2xe WosTopiolt HarpysKoit ‘ro xe, Jautresbuto Marpy3Koit PAABAL TPHHLHI BEPOATHOCTHOFO PACHETA KOHCTPYKUHA 14. CAYYAMHBIE BEAMYHHE H &YHKILMH Ld, CAYGARABE BETHIHHD 1B mowexepusix pacierax xoncrpyeinl Na NaAexHOCTE. MpuKODITTEA HMeTe AexO co eayialinnat xesirumasar, Ot annsioTex qyaaneaNo o78Oro 3m KeCKOND- aK apanerpos, MOTYUEX NpMOGETS JMEXpETHBIe GHAYEHA HK EMeHTHCH enpepsomo, Hanowign weraresio HexoTopHe cRenesTa 3 TeOpITE HepORTHOC- ‘eli eaTenaravecron crarverins (19, 26, 43, 72, 82], neoGxozuase :Uin 0c30- extn neTepmana sano} KTH, Bemewory mpmiato currars exysaiiol, ecm mpi rosTopi wentranisx ‘oun Mpininyaer sapauee sieusvecraoe anaverme, Kaiipiavep conpoTHBAGKE M~ {epuaios, miTevownmocr> Karpyox wT. a, Tycrs 9={o,, heH) ~ mpows- hpomorioe MpoeTpaiicrBo SneMestrapsix coOwTHh, F — xaace “BMepaeMbiK TOA Maioxecra 7. e, Taxix wxoxcots Bibex- ‘TuMHoi, CCK OH MMeeT AaMMENBUIYIO sUlCHEpCHIO Chea BLEX BOIMORHBIX CTE ‘THETIK, BUTUTEREHTMAIX NO sBIGOPKaM OsIMOTO H TOTO HE OBBeME. BuGopowse craven cuysaiinol meme BbIMNCATOTeR MeTO;AMIE womenToB, MaxemMaimHoro MpasqOnOsoGHx Hn HamMeHBNHX xsampaTos. [nan sure miGopownse craTHeTiKH (epesiee auavenue M mucnepens) caysaliil Bessa WMI ompefenmotes no Gopucysan 32s), wn aly; (a z tad"), ats) ist men — xommecrao naGmtonenci, Crammormna st nasuipaeren nenpanrenoti nxGopowol smenepewei, roayseitolt upk moon Monpanks Beocenx n{(n—!). ‘One anageren aommmroriiecey HeeMemenxolt oxextxoit sqeemepemc O% 1 (1.8) seam (110), HRopwamunit (rayccoscru) saxox pacnpenese (pic. 1.2) npeacrans- ron B aire Gynkuntt nnoTHOeTIT Kool seg [-F] 18) sum 9 mae ysnsome pacrpesexetnix F@= [ h@ar aE few [- (1.20) ds Jas nopamponanoro (eranaprore) opwazeniore saKoxa GRETA pac- pexeneane no (120) Mower Obie santana 8 mK FeQ)=(B.). G21) gqecn 0 (f,) ~ TAG ymnposainien Gyrexe paenpenenetia (eM. upusoxenne 1), rae fe=@-ESoe = otsocitensioe oTkzonesnte xpaiTHAZ OT cpestero siiavexnta eayrasinol sentiment EE, Crenyer sers 2 auay, #70 dynnuin ® (—,)=1~9 Bd. 1.22) 469 Pr. 1.2, Kp msomoe opuansroro (7, oropvarenoo (2 msn (3) 12 A ra teen xan ceeomesennt no any, BG paper a a @h ie Tyteon Sysnipes woTHoeTH AorapKbwarseceH Hopwactstoro (sorHopwastiNOTo) pac- npenenent peportuocrn cxyvainoit nemmsmtst dings) = ba ig 0 (129 exp ing Va me INBE x olng ~ crarvieriven stommopye.tsxoro pacrpesenemia. Jas nopust- Posaxkoro OTNopMAmIOTO BaxKOKA TAGy”NponANNAaA YRNIUN pAcmperesecHN Fiag(inx)=0 Bins), (1.24) re otuociresbyoe oTmtoneuue fee=(n x—In RBfoln (125) Vuuepcansusie saxowom pacnpenenenit sanserex paenpeneneime Beit- Gyaa (pn. 1.2). Byrne nanitoro pacrpexenenss Fe) = 0PM exp (—ex"), (126) F@)=1—exp(—08), 27) me ¢ HQ — mapanerpii cooTsererveno neacarTaGa x dopant xpnpoit pacmpe- ‘nese. Tip rosfdmuenre G2 sawoe pacnpeneente nepexomeT B pacnpenete~ ame Pouca, Fp rapanerpe P=I mycer mecto osvionapanceTpiaecxoe kennex 15rwianiade (nokasarenssoe) pacnpeneseime. B aamioxr enyme Gym nnor- NocTitM pacripegesennse MpeNeTassasores sige: fels=e-exp(—e), (1.28) Fy(a)=1—exp (~ 2). (1.29) Mpotinolt oxcroneiinwanseit saxoi pacmperenesnox ran saxon Fywbeam (pic. 1.2) psrpancacres: yim ‘0)=4 ex [552 ex (452)], a0 F@)eew [2 (%52)]. aan nie @ Wb ~ mapawerper pacnpese exit, ta, ovoaHN GRYSAARODE Ben B mesexepiux pacierax wacro norpesaoTes qyMrwi secxoni exyainux EMOTE voy G, Ha caysaiavoro wexropA E= (Eqs osu Ey) T. &. YH m=BO=8 Gy + Bd). (1.32) Muorovepiiax (cowmectnas) ymei0in paenpenerenix necKomnx ny ax nesHSHHC mpenerawsserex B Bie FeQ)=Feas eel soa Gem). (1.33) Tomas dyxxus pacrpesenexsn paccmarpnsaeros KaK dyhiAK oF x=(X4, «5X, 40. reweproro enesmona mpoctpancrsa 2. Ona o7iioanasHo xapaxteproyer nepostsiocrs P(E eB) ana moun mapaasenemieron BE R,. [ax aBcomotno enpepemanoro caysalivoro werropa neposrocrs PGEB)= fo. f fel vo de os dh (1.34) =P Er rst) (1.52) ,=P(EaKEMIL (pexepEYApE, Gana, wocrss, Syiopa, cunocks, TomToprTBte cTenBI, nara x Ap.). B Teopat AJeRHOCTH COOpyxCHNK OTHOCATER x culcTeMaN. SneMeHTaMK sAaAAOTER He ‘TONDO CAMOCTOSTENBIIC KONCTPYETHBEME eNKKMU, HO % MexOTOpHIe MX YacTIe Tax, Manpuwep, x ouewenTane OTKOCATEX pacverHBle covestin asx, Konomt, critkos m conpoxenil. K anewentane auagparsit xecTxoCTH MKOrOsT@XHOTO ‘jaumix oTHocaTeR pacweraie ceNCHI HX CTO:GOB H NepescsseK 1 A. acter Ha Halexiocr® MportaomNTeA C Nemsfo MpeOTBpAIKeIA Axo; KeiiC- ‘rpyKaNH » npesemce cocrosuute. Tox Mpedemsumm cocrommueM oxmacren smoGoe Hapymene ro mpexpauiciKe HOpMAUMSHOH oncmyararpn Koxterpyriunt (6). B reopion naxexsiocrit mpenensinse cocrossics yenowxo HaaQIBai0TCH orKa- ‘sana, To crenenn onacnocrs pasxiraiot npenembHe cocTosnie Meproit i BTO- poll rpyamt K npenemtune cocrossnm nepnoit rpyamut orzocxres xpyiKoe, BA3x0e, yo= ‘Tasocmoe Hp. paspymteite, uorepH yeroltumoetH dhopwn KoKTDYRIGI, & 20 rane ee pispyuienine nog cosNecrabis BosHleTaueN ciMIOBBIX QaKTopoD 1 He- Gnaronpunsiacx yeaoniti oxpyxaromell evens. TIpenensiisie cocrosims sepnofi fyi sex) K MpeKpAMMKO OKCTLIYATAnIEN KOKCTPYIAIEM HAW cOOPYKEHE, Rootomy OuI MocaT “eTsuli Xapanrep. Tipetenbize cOcTORAILA Bropoi TpyHMM xapaxrepyayioTeR oGpasoBastHest vr pacxpertes Tpelinf, @ TaKKE SpesMepHbIM MPoraGana, yrsANO TOBOpOTA i wohedamumnn: xOMeTpyrun. Ost BBraLIBAIOT spensexioe NpeKpamentte WM ¥aC- vos Kapyutesme yenoaiii Mopyambuoit axcrayaramat xoncrpyenai, Onsaxo oveyiorsyer Yerkax cxaNkooGpasiiaa paula BKORA -xeneIOGeTOUNN aeMeH- {Tob p mpegexssioe cocromime sropoll rpynnst. Tpiunian BKOKa KOKeTpYRINM B Tpegenbwioe COCTORIMTe, HAM ee OTxAI2, ‘qnaniorea HOSPORNeM, 9aKMOWIOUMeCK D BAPYEICNMM xavectse OTACTEMBNS fe snewenrton H yoson. Bosasiuonesne mpenenbiGIx COCTOatDIH BOSMOAMO TaICKE Seuegeraxe OWIGOK, AONYneNsx pic NpOeKTuposAHMH, MoMTaMe wf OKAY” ‘raul xouenpyxuut {To ceoeny xapaxrepy Nonpex nels KoXCTPYSUM MoxKO paapemuTs 1A 10- cence, avesamiie H cMeumutane, Upioumamn nlocreneitibix Moppexmentit faunglotea YonOwiM axpeccuBHolk oxpystaIOMe cpemM M MHOTOKpATIO ToBTOpA- fomaica Marpyara. BHeSAIEbe ToRpEKNCHHS BAISSIBMIOTER TOBTOPIIIMM Tepe- TpYSKAMME HAUBIAMNGECKIINON HOORELTCTBAALEH LeKOTOPLNX NArpy20. BossawHo~ Dene BHEAGITWEX HOEPeX paGorocmoce6uocrs ‘Toveue anMTeRBHOTO BpeMeIM ¢ YYeTOM MANMPYeNMAX pesoiTa, BocETAHOG.- a % Younes, Bo ncex caysasx OnTOseMKoCrs WecyLNX KoHtrpyEUH, KaK "MpABno, Rome Gurr mEMMe, TEM OTPARMAIONX, TAK KaK OT MepsbOX 1 HX SaDNCHT haReaTOCTs SxasuC M coopyxcrmii, a BTOpe AerKO TiOKALOTOR PeMon= ay. 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HasleRHOCTHC AaKE OTHEMO BOATOH xoHCrpyKUIN [6]. 22 lop HAPABOTKA Hl BEPOSTHOGT PABOTOCHOCOBHOCTH KOHCTPY KILI laneanoct> xoucrpynwiil comana © Hx wapaCorsoll ma upeemuoe cocros Ho woropellrontneTcrtposiomitresiaoers no apeweii Tim 10 obse~ My r paOOTM SneMeNtTOB Nom HATpYSKOIL M ApYTINIE BENNO sOsAeHOTBKE Iho nepsoro mpegeatsioro cocrosiis, [ockoary oMo eet MecrO B pasmi Jive enysaiNite MOMENTA BpeNem xu OBKEMA paboTH, To uapaGoTxa Ha mpe- Jenbiloe cOTOMIWe AAACTER cay HHO pexunoll. Becbyta acto HapasorKa F ouvaer Hawutoro sienbue cpoxa cayx60t rouerpyiauot Ty. Hampamep, Tex- osorwsectite Néperpy3KK FOuCrpyKUML NOTYT BOSHUKATH AMIS B PAGOveE Bpe- pomomatenistocr exy Git KONCTPYRIUHC fo MACTyMREHAEN nepBOTO pe nensioro cOcTOsuis pi TpeByeMoh ee oGecrevestHocrit naswiBaeTeR Text Seek BEEYPEOM fy YOK COxpanenMo pecypeos. HapaGorxa 0 repsore npe- ShesDi0r0 COCTORNIA KOSCTPYRONIE RagsIpaeTex raMR-pecypEOM f, coTmACKO trapsauniio FaMn-NpoueITHOH OGecretexHOcT#, KOHCTpYRLIE Bepontuoerh SxOKA XOXCTPYAUNK B IpeseMBiOe COCTORENE B MOMeIT npevesTt 1 eupaeacrea eM=arst}= [sods (1.62) me T— uenpepsmins caysaiivan vemcunra, o6osnayarouan apa6orxy xa oT yaa (ia mpeneataoe coeTome) © saKoKon pacnperenewis Fr()= F(x) 10 (4. Gymqun matexwoer KonCrpyiuunt, 1. € RepoRTHOCTE ee paGorocuoce6- iocris 98 Bpenst f, whiparcacres ibopayHolt P@=P(T>t (1.63) -Q0= [ far. Mnovuocrt, peenpesteseuua wapaGorsn a orKas fy()=—dP ()fdt saasetes vacrorol upeneasubix cocrosumii KONCTpYxWHK, Xaparrepusyrouiell cxopocTs NeHeNHLT BO BpENEHI BepOATHOCTH ee paGoTocuocoGuocTH. Yeaosuoit xapax- ‘epuctuxoll vayexoctt KOMcTpysuit sinseTed uMTeNeNBEOCT, NpesENbABIX (1.64) apa aa Pa TOPO. Bocpaxenme (1.64) connerenscrayer, ro MIrTeNCHONOCTS mpemembabX cocTOx son, momwocr® pactipenerenns napaborKH Ha mipenembitoe cocromNe H nepost- ocr paGoToctocoGHocTiC KONOTpYRINH Bsauncocessantbt, CAeMOBATEAGIO, SHR ‘OMY 36 tax, NexpysHHo pacowrrats mee pyre. [LK BuCOKOMATERTECK KOKCTPYR- nuit pepomriocrt, P {751}, wooromy xapakrepwtcr fr (0) u fr (0) MpaKrHe ‘ween ojaxon 23© sannioit seponmnocr.io ramonepecype fy ascuixerek 1 baprkei ‘y/100: { fear (1.65) Creation KapaGorxa xowcTpyKiWINT Ha OTKAS cooTRETCTBYET cpeneMy ee pe cypey, ik merwnenstores on Mo opmyae er-wr,=f diode [ POM a.) ‘wenepens pacnpereneuie wapa6oren 1a orks oH f t(¢-EN fr (at. (67) Cneayer onvermm, ro crarueTixa no (1.66) x (1.67) snamovex noxasaTeasor, THosBonsuousmax OGReRTIMNO ONeHHBAT pAUMONEMKOoTS KONCTpYKUINE MoH ‘eapmaemon mpoexruposuait amauut m coopyxex. Opwaxo ne cmeayer 940u- ats, WTO JAYM PABINGHDA PACHpeACHEMIAN. 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KONCTPYRINN MOET CyECTBEALIO CAUIGHTSEH MM YoenIENIOL USMEHLMDOCTK ee COMPOTUB.AeMULA HAM YOUR 51.3, CONPOTHBNEHHE MATEPHAJO® H HATPYSKH KOHCTPYKILMAL 3.1, BBIBOPOUNDIE W TEHEPAMUBIE CTATHCTHKIL Tlon couporianeuient xeseso6eroHHn Koxerpyiunit moj{pasymenaiores 1x necyuax cnocoBH0cTs, TpeutawoctofiKocTs J), Conporitanesme smexexTon xapaxrepiayeTen ponlonbHOK H nonepewori cHnaneK, KaTHORKOMNUIM 1 KPYTAI [Mit MOMERTANK, OKT mMetOT pasmepHOcT» CoOTBeTCTByIoMIerO YeRIAK, 1 BaeNoro SHeUIKel HarpysKoll H Apyrimmt BosaeficreraN. ‘Conporiaaesie aneweitron SaavciT He TORbKO OT HK reoMeTpi¥eCKIN pa epos, Konecraa apHaTypst i ee pacnperenemcr, HO COT MexoHESECKIK cBOD ‘Marepinnos MH KOHTpYEaImNC crKIKOD Tux anenextTop. ViasastmbTe XapaxTepIC- THH0L sAAIOTER casa neAMEMNAM, vEKTOPAMK ¥ dyzmusMMe. TlosTony conporwenenito anesexTos npieyi stawrremanit pasBpoc ero snaventil. 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Tpit nepaspyutatouvre weronax xorrspons por eer geTona cya KoxppuuenTon 3,+3=10~15 Y% (1) Rosine? oapiaigar mpowoent Geroi sa OKATHE M1 pacrmxeHE o ovorpynise sani aH coopyxceiix cocrannser cooraercroasiio 515% “Tan, uanpioaep, warTypinse OBcxes{ODaiUIE NOKESHBAIOT, WO xOX)- Ipmueer sapaaiant npowroora GeTosa » omeassnix sneuatrax afore xoze6- aay mpesensx 8-22 % (72) Uavesensocrs mpossioerx 6eToa, Noxoatrm recy nostomtsnax JOTayeNpKaMbaTaNat cocoGAai Ye TMACTANHN ewe aeeer GuiTe MEHDI, ‘ene e6OPHIX KONETPYKUIT, HOTOTORIAEMBIK wo Ge eh, Money OAT onaanhoecteoeh. Tipe axessoa0ers poor Caer puGopouon KoveTpywO n 2—3 pasa MeNBue, YeM TeHepAMLKOH conoxgmiocts (88, 83} "AparypHaa Cra saxerex Gove: OXMOPONNBIM NedTepHANOM, YeNt OevOH. ‘Tear me nee apwarype Tavcke cBolicrDekiia SMEN'IBOCTL WexTIUIECRIDC XA- avtepmotine xO" 0 OTANI cepRSAN H 1H MApTURM, TAK WO AHO OmHO- Pmrepatt (12, 87, 94). Bo noex eiysasx xonpdonest napwaipnt npeNertoro ‘COMpOTHBARHEA ApMaTYPHOM Cram MeNbie, vem ec dysH¥ecKOrO, H TEM Gonee Sennaxtoro npenena Terysecrs, Ju ropavexaranof crepanevolt apwarypbt xood Jone napuanuon apewseoi0r0 conporsaem x npenena TexyyecTH coor Mreroeinto 471% x 510%, TOrA Kax AIM TepMirect ynpovero Apc pot aror MoxasaTeND NBMEAMUIDOCTH NowsKUETER cooTeCTeTBAHTIO HO 513% 18-55%, (12, 45, 50, 56, 94]. Bucoxonpowan mpososioxa oGaagaer cpasmTeaL- ho anol HOMEHONBOETETO npeMeNn(Oro corjpoTymrenHs, xoodyjimureT wap fiw roToporo cocTannteT npynveprio 5% (44, 54, 76]. TMpwien nexarorvecrse apatrepscriac MPOBOWORN 9 KONUERDN YaIeTKEX MOTKA WeCKOMBKO OTINAIOT- CCaenyer iver p RAY, TO JU EDApMI IC APYEMK eANKOR apMATYPHDIK creP~ ‘wie xapaKTepna Mosbiemiaa saMeHsumocTE conpoTunaenut. TlooTomy ora- ‘Gono JOMAMH D OMBIENE MALeATIOCT MOTYT OKasaTCH WeCTA CTAIKOBKI Ap- MATYDM, XOTA YoU aHech MOTYT Gurr H HEGO-UM. Tipx oueRxe conpormasemia mpasell m xaxaToR cxesyer yawrstaTh ober conneectiiolt paGorsr mpozorox [74, 75}. [pa wameans n mpozoxox n oso napraic xoxpibmunest xoppennyw 1x conpotuasewnit o,,,21. Torna c yserow (1.45) conporapnente KaHATOR xapaxrepinyerca cnesTIOUM BAIGOPOwEIAR “Cre ‘retina: ER=nA4ER,, 75) OR, =0,5n (0 1) APO Ra (1.76) Be = ORIER Bp, V O,Sm(r Dit, ay rae A; — ntomant morepesnoro cexenis ogwoti mpososoKit; ER, i, O°R, cI 3x, 1 cpeswlee snavenne, yacrepenst X xooippimuerT Bapnaum comporiEnenn ojo mponoxoxt. ‘Buspaxcexe (1.77) cauterenscrayer, w70 © Yscamverient KomnYeeTBa MpOsO- ox yaMearmnocT COMPOTEBAEMIIX apwaryps! MecKozbKO citsxaeTes. KpoNe - 29‘oro, ¥en Gonbute npowozoK, TEM MeMTNIE MposMAETeA opensAK WyeIsHrBOCT 1x conporureness No use. Benesecrase neosiopommiocrtt Gerova eraait ro coerasy 1F dinwKo-Mexa- utecnint enolicrBan, @ TaIGKe MeTOUTOCTHE avwKeMDY apALATypKr Lo™pipIMeNT rapunuit coreph peauapsrrentuore sBuipsenus cocrawaser 10-25 %, [87 54) Konerpynil, peanasnavenme Ak SocMplietio: snrreucieusx xparKoope- MexHEA BUtanaecsIE Marpy2OX, MOTYT PACCHITBIBETECH c YueTOM YATPOUEHI Gerowa m apwarypicoii erat. OAKAKO pH 9TOM He crenyeT 8a649AT% 0 TOBE WeRGISEK SRAYEMTOAX sNOTEPOHE PaeNpeNE TENA conpoTHAnEMN MaTEpKATOD Tnpwt zuciaynrieckoM warpyxenmor, TO MpaKTHECKHT Ne MOSBONAET CANTATH, XTO 3 KOKTpYRUIN OBERIOT MOBBLHIEHHOM HaxeKELOCTH. Tion pacsere dyuamsentos sxannit x COOpYRCHNT chester METS 0 BILLY. ‘To conporanewie rpyaTon oTaeiseres Gombuolt xaweNrwsocTHHo. Koa LOveNT napmanen conpoTwaNeNna necwaHTNX H THMMCTSIX rpynTOD KOAe6NETCH ' mpexenax 5—50 %. Kpowte Toro, weconm TpyZtto OUGHNBATD cTaTHETHIGT Mexa~ suesecriex xapaxepHicrmk rpy!eTOB, Tax KAK rpyitToeste OGpaakHt oxeH yBCTaK ‘enbiot x crfocoBam x ronGope, xpaHeRAX w Nensrrantes. TlooTomy HSMeNH BOCTS wexaiOneomx xapakTepNCTIC OcHosaN B HATYpE MeNUe, MEN B OMET= ‘mux o6paauax, torpa xax 2 GrroHe — sin06opor. OGoSuewire KonpibuauteleTsL sapHaMINF pacmpesenesNR conporHBsEE Ya ‘Tepmiunon, oTHocsMMeCH x TeNepasbHMENe ® YaKON CuBeNe CTATHECTINAN corTpO- ‘Tonenia waTepwanos, Mpxseretit 9 1a6x. 1.1 x ybeKe, “TaGonus 11, Kesfiamuewr wapmamu coupormacn ntueruore Gero ua exe, % yamaypa npownmonerta H nownexeD: opnamsnony. C.yaemveniest xonippmumenra oapiantt xpmasie paenpese- Hremis conPoTIAReHHIX Ace Gonee oTYaOTEH OF HopMaxsKorO saKoHa. Tip oopstuiene napwanyr, cocranamiowen 10-20 %, Ju pacnpenesestor pos fori CawTOrO GETOHA MOET GALTE eNOsLsoRAN sOrApHrpNTYECKH Tops. iit savou! 1c xputanie Hupcosta rpersero una (75) as ripkonentoll powiocts Geroxta xoipmuient cuomaserpitl pactipene ena MOET BEIT KAK TONOXATENIbHBIM, "AK HF OTPHALLTENbAIAK, KoxpebaeNT je sxetecca ABAWeTCS, KAK spapyao, MostoxirTemsmuins. [IpH¥eN B npaKTHICCKONK PACHeTAX MORHO TPMMUNMATE, TO KoopHNWWIENT aCIOWMETpHM HO BeNICUIHE B Ppaaa Gonsuie xoodpuuvienra napwauus pacnpeneneras. [La apyarypHBrx cra helt xapaxrepsit sonoxtTemsise xoxppxuneNTsI acuwMerpaa 3 oKcuecca. He Cheayer SA6ubATb, TO xpwBLe pacHpemesIeHNA MexaHDT¥ECKIne xApAKTepHCTHE Gerona ¥ apwaryphi ¢ TeselNIeM Bpemeni esMeumOTes. Comancno [47, 53, 84, 88, 89, 94 51 p.J, npw oueite HanexnocrH xenes06e- ‘ronMux KoNeTpyKiuHi chesyer YUTUIOAT Tp BHAA OTINOKENNR paswepos SteMeHTOR OF MPORKTIUX BEMMIUK TonesMO BeICOTSE MoMepesHOTO cexeNs, ‘ToNIGMHGr SarT1OTO HOA APLATYpLA M TONUHTKE creN mt peGep. Corsacno [89], oopiiruverr RApHANKEH KosleKOl sbIcoTHt HlonepesWarD CeHeHiE 390,025 +0,5/d, (1.78) rae d — suicora, ex. Tenepamnse » yoxox ewusone cranscrisn pacnpeneneit TeoMerpiteceix OTEAOHeENTC aneMeXTOD npwDeneHB B TUGM. 12. TaGinag 1.2. Onerouemar pasiepon onevenron oF npociiB nessun Tlonestax asicora “Tonga saurHero exos i xoverpa apa Tor xonerpympni — Kowewerenmpet STE ~ Tan xonerpysgng | — - Seroyal ence Cpesmee ——Anenepeas, —Cpemvee ———_Tvenepcu, nacoras pep srs siete, oc ke asec, aac a Tinscrrwan sit 1-16 16-20 Moronenue Moxoneie nr -10 100 2 2s 2Keeria wos 15-20 20-25 aes : . ; : —— runt a Timacrvens 6-9 9-14 M18 ‘Gtopmre saroron (CRorone keerwat Boi 11216 6-2 on 2 49 ° 2s Bem a5 16 -6 8 Kooper napraiut &, %, mpenenos recyecru apwaryproft cram 10- Knace apmarypu AT AML AMIE AAV ArIV AY AcV AVI BAT Bell 5-8 6-8 6-8 8-10 8-12 8-10 6-13 6-14 6-10 6-12 Kas consetemsernyiot ombmise saWiible, AaoTKocrs pacmperenenss epost ocr conpoTHaseiNNR GeToHA K apwaTYpH NomuMeTeH saKoHy, OMBKOMY 1 30 Hipuaexanne. Cpemee maveme x mcnepcee puenpenerenn octane mo tox vayne eIcESrHK HaeMAR eocTanAMIOT cooroeTETDEANO “+ MHC ICS wie 138, HATPY3KH, HX USMEHYHBOCTD H 3AKOHDL PACHPEJERENHA Vomamx 5 snewewTax xOHoTpYKuME BBIBIRAIOTeR pasAUNAEMK MarpySRAMK HM ADYOMAK HEME sosaelicTaNsM, K tocrommim warpy3kam orKocrTen nec vacteli agamMli m coopyxcetai, bec M qABAeHNE pyiTa, BogselieTaMe NpewBAPETeNLNOTO HAMPHKENNA ApMaTYpEL, 34 Taree Yenas, womnsmaeMGie HeTorMoeTHTO HaroronseNmA Wt nosneneMA & ine ROM ote K suumemnn spewemor uarpyatan oTvoestex vec opewenix nepero- DoKox, craysouapuoro oBopysonaii 1 renaKoerel, narpyani B. cxsmigcn oveweimms, Tenmeparypube TexsonoriPieckne wosgcicTans, a TRKKe vowel Tels, uOONEATUE HepABHowepHON ocaAKo dyHmaNetTOR, YeusKOH M HONsy. ecraio Gerova, acT® sMoaesKol sarpysnar wont i Douseoens i veeran Setoa, act DION ANAK He OGueeereenAK. saan, Kparrospewemssnar arpysxantt curraiotex sec slonelt x natrepnanon p Sova enpaunau peworra obopyAonsn, noporatare rosea rca opriore oOopyacuams, sweaente nerpA, Ooramuias racers noseson sara Yomuix obuecroemmnx aaunitn aech cer, Tpascneprian karyoan foe eneanonoi kperxonpenemoll uarpyaxe otsoceren Harpyata, pit hoo 1H xoropoltxpyrve apenertmicnarpyoxa 260 yrallators, be orerreren, vor. B uate 1 oburecrscanen 3p@iviN crepimaH Haryana Meee veg "DH pewtoure m pexonerpyxiom Tonto, rane TDM AoseraNoNreN ace eile Hospennermsx xoucrpyruni. B npovnunensace, suuinne cneanorone Narpysra camara ¢ HeMBTATEALOOH PeRENANAL TexHoReMiecHOTO bore bestia. B tpaKoroyrm coopyaeimRx osanee creiwasstoh,karpyaer oe yer pexpaauenner apiogenns xpaenoption epeacta ir Ocotianm warpysxamm ssssiovex enfowriccexe H sapuoMue sosaeerenn Narpysior, BunUIEREME HpywesnAN TexHOROFIIeCKOFO. npoUcte It Te at Mourvuun xarpyaxanirsansiostover varpyoxe, uoamuealouute » eravtany Yatorowteiis,xpaiesia x Tpasoroprsponati Kouetpyai a Tae Bo Hoses oun aan coop seeX pacieraX yuTMBAtOTER MocromUme, jena speneumze Morrone narpjout. B oraenniu exyan ipeueSperaiy nasa a onpenensx sarpysox, Hampinep MpH pachere KOHCTPYNUA Ja onscreen, orna Moryr Gus yrrenst TonsKo xpEMKoNpeKetDIe MarpyaE rehcronoers 30 npevor xoxapa (eronaenne most na mpoxoaex I.) Muore spewemsic warpysin senatovex xaasncranmeckiaal, vemtontt oTepum JometstoTes so. apeNenit Mexcenito, Gos, uouauut Haepinoren coms, Oauaxo » pacserax xolierpyewpit mpixoxieen yorranat H sutaueeeae larpyata. B aanncincoetn or npoxonmsatremsrocra natant thor nevetoneh XORCTYRIUME 1 RepwonseHoerH AelloTa Raw snorinecmre eeteermecae, eNO apo zene am XC omsommveeraot saRaNaMece, arpyBKAM OTHOCRTER OMHONEE ke ZyALGHE 1 Yiapst, xperKoRpeMenie TeperpjaeH, wMetoue atecro 8 aaapalion Pexamrax & Taxxe npu nyexe m ocraNoate OGopysOSans Wr. HK eucreraeen, io huniteceme varpyoxane mMpmiaanexar arpyca, wootearonte ape Peryampviol paGove Naum» paGoxeM penne, ilorcxparue ronnie Tyatcupyouie, wrGpauvousue mpyrie wucroaute narpyaxin. Crcteneveeeeie XAIpySAH sBasiorex npwrwok yoranocnta maze» Berorle I apuare PADBHTIE Heympyti sebop\ac, ysemnteIn PaeRpAIIN TpeIM K Hethope” lull, OGusHio anamisvecKoe sosseicvoNe ceontron x cravymecxony Ipecac NNEC sIHaMNeEcKOM HarpyaxK SemHHARENTHON CrarwtGeNOH Mp Howcose mee eimar ananarecerx vo3ppmuetrton so nepeneuene a WO harps 32, K neSoaronpxaTiemw nosrelicranme oxpykalomelt cpem sa xoncrpyxtmt omiocsTox TenmepaTypHO-yearowNble souslICTEN, TexHOMOTAxeCKAR TeNEepa- ‘ypa, cVXoll, ApKIT HII CyPOBEA cexepHIsH KAHNE, DHYTPEMICAA arpeccnBHan ‘pen it ioxap. Tesmeparypa sozsyxa oGnaster nepuoawaHocrDIo € aasONe voters 8 Tpersellexaute a¥eaps [60]. Tlpx pacvere wa Hastexwocrs yurrbisaioTes sesp03MOANNe NeGnaronpHTTHWe CONeTANAX Narpy3OK 1 gosAelicren oKpyxA- youteltepeats PaccwmTotaas CTaTHCTHMECKK HeonfpeseauMMe KONCTpyIAUGL, caemyeT yn ‘nate Mepepacrpenenenie Yeu, BEEBOENT He TOASKO HeyTpyEINK mebop- OMAN MATEPNATOS Ke TpeHOHHAN aneNesTOD, HO x HaMeNEKHEM GuIshKo- rexaimciecttx enoliers Gerosa apwarrypuxscieneTaWe CyMMGpHOTO BoaReicTBIR parpyOKI H arpeccxsKOR oxpyxaromel opens. Tip arom cneayeT OMHITS, sro pl AeioTBII puCOxNX TeMMepaTtyp Hepepaenpesenemte youu WocNT one- nytoube xapaxtep: YyeenumbaiOTeR onOpHNe (ysnostie) warHBaromte oMenTE 2 parenax panonncx KoncTpyRuNl OMOHRAIOT OnOAKITEAGHBIE cxeATOUe npoxonitte CHM, TOFA KAK B xOTOKHAX MOFYT BHANATEALHO YBENMHITCA 9KC= LeTpHeNTETSC MpHNOXENTIA TALITK cb. XK ocwtosxere npuenorane sostuicnoneitns slorommirenbix Yen nexexcraKe eTOAHOrO WSTOTOBIEMIA BOSBEsICHI KOHCTpyRUKit oTHocsTCa: NeCOOCHOETE pureneit M KOHONIE B YOIIX Pane HITE CreNOBETE Mavenelt m nepri- eum awaipparwax -keeTROCTH; EMANSHAS TORIIUG INET HepeKPHITGN W HoXpATrIA m maeTipopeOTEK ¥ riry cTbIKax KpYMHOKAKenBMBOX sian * coOMOREHME O¥ePEMIOCTH CHARM CramRVeMX apwaypKEN crepe c6op- none KOM py 1-7. axon pAcrpemeneiist NOcTosHiNK It MEUENKNAX apenerOUX naxpysot, aK NpavHaW, KBsETER GrsKKNE x Hopwansiiomy. Tpit arose xoodypmurent aa. puraiuoe nece ‘enesoBeToxsrx rowerpykiutt cocrananer npmeepao 5 3¢ 10 % c0- ‘OTaeTeTBEHIHO pM CGOpHOM MOHOMHTHION crOcOGAX Hx HOaweEMTUA, Xow MOT sa slocruraet 20-30%, Saxons pacnpeseesia xparxompenestinx Harpysox recto cesta xe Tox x0 © 4 BHLTONG, HO TAKKE ¢ THMIOM FONCTPYRIUA x YoxOBHNO SxCEUVATANINE 3.0 sont m coopyxemtt. Hanpavep, pacupertenente nonesnoit narpysxx Ka Mepexpst- Tink Sat saBNCICT oF yeuOsiTk (HOPMANGNK HK MexopMNbIAX) oxCHya- Taum MoMemernit x nexorormecxoro oGopyxcnarms. TostoMy aorsia ue- ecooOpaaso 3 pACYeTAK MpUNeHATS sBYRMOMAHIE KPH paenpeneetiA younnit [62] Bechota TpYIHO MIpaBiLnbHo OWeKiTTD surTeneHBNOCTS nerpoBOll u cieronoit narpysox. Kpnoue 1x pacnperenennx mceior ano asipaxemyio acinmerpito. Tommma exerosoro woxpona wapsmy e spyrtONC daTOpANIE saDKeIT OT aICOTSE MECTHOCTI HAM YpoBHEM mops. Cassb MEKAY TOAUDIHO! MoxpowA H r:101- snocrso cHera ne meaxeTeR mumeinrol, OGenestonanntx orartmac nx Mr HeOTArLIBA- nr sxauo OnmOrO ‘Tha ioxasan, 70 cHerORAK NATpYSER na KpbIWaX snaxmit m coopyxeui cocrasaser muss 30-80 % marpyaei a seve. ro oGnscreTen wacrITMINE cTanBaMeRE cHera x ero eHoCONE Rerpoxt, Tlo3ToMy caeronan marpyaxa oMacua » craznM nogpeneMNA SAAKIIL, T. ¢. 0 TEX Top, OKA ‘opm He oTarcmmatoret. OsaKO Hm pasoIONe cayyae noAsKo aa Foc. Bic sens 09 18a, 8A. Rynerermyio nemrumy eneronolt arpysit, Tale Ka” mposOnaTemDtocTs possemesy nari xyuroro, setae, MeN EpHON TOSTOPEHIN MAKCRANHOH. TOMI cxterosoro moxpost. . [Kplnue ernmrer#iecKOFO pACHpeNeNeHIIN waxeAManAtol roxoBOH cxerosoi arppnt ia 3006 TMeIOT SEO AKIDEEAHVIO aCHMMAETpINO MPH KODbMILIKEKTE prt, pasion nipmepso. 20~25 %. Kame. pacnpenenetc sexo a =PY2HH Ha Hala aan Ma CoOPYEHIT SABuERT OT wx THA Boe cunener. pitas, B pabore [62] pexomessyeres mpramnsare xpo}hoH| akcoxenipazexsh ‘axon paerpexenexn BepoxTHocTH cxerO8O HarpyBx OSuuio npmuacercs, WO KOPpeTsIVOKKAK chk Mexuyy ronoRO! HET cxouioeroto exeronoll narpyarn oreyrerayer. Torza ¢ yserom (I-31) neposruocrs| oro, 370.9 Teele eT 2KCHNYaTAINDK ROMCTPYKINIEWETENCHRHOCT> cxerORO | argon 5 6yzer Goxbule pene tbHOl fq, BHIAxAeTER | meap [cap (Saat). a9) Taxi o6pazoy, B cnyine fxparHoro HerpyoKeH KoxCrpyRUM wHTerpAT- ost xplnaa pactipexercimis BepoATHOCTH cHeToBOHl KarpyOKH CMeeTER B70-T com sa semrumny bint. OaMaKo sWemepcH HarpySKK Mpx TOM He MeRSCTCE| [e2, Tl wexoropsix Mectuocrel pacnpenesene muicors cHeronoro noxposs, Test caMGIM H HTEMCHBHOCTH cHeropot! IarpyoR, TomuineTEx soTepHMht steokH Ropmasitomy saxony [60]. P5250 Tipawep 1.4, Oupezesu aeportioers Toro, To sreronas yarpyata npeDbeir npeAenxy1e Demmi sha Hla, eat craveTHEN ee packperenewra To ‘akoxy Tyson «1 HI, bs seat pox ancnnyaraiio coopyses f= 80 er ‘Cornacto (173), beposTi0en» WasHTGR OGAcHOTO GHETOBOrO OKDORE 441050 Vo 2s60246%, 4 Berponan starpysra oapicH OT cxOPOCTH H HampanzesAst veTpa 1 TypGyaestr- oro jowKeitis BOSAYKA, OBYCRORMIBAEMEIX PARHORNAKOCTEIO MECTHOCTH, TH OM S7aMKA HK coopyxeAUie. TlosTOMy ona sBNAereH cayyalnoll OymRumett He TTONBRO EpEMeNE, HO I HECKOAGKIK MpocrpancTaeibrx KoopauntaT. InoceocrHsLe -oopatusarss cxopocrst perpa v, (1) 2, (0) onpesteasior posy noTpos jtaMHoit mecT- oct. Koodipuperrr napuauyn netponoil sarpysxat coctapnser nprowepio 25 9 | [87]. Zhux serponoit narpyaxit Tacx xapaxtepma nepnogwfocrs ¢ naYaOK OT | cxera B mapre mecaue [60]. Pacnpeneneinte METeHCHBIOCTH neTposoil MarpySKH, KaK H HeKOTOPSOX KpaT- KonpenceHibix TexHosoraecxix HarpySox, nomwussere saxouy BeliGynna (62). Cornacxo (1.26) m (1.27), xuypepentitamoiiar 1 rerrerpenbias dyaKuNOr pacmpe- seneHi mMeIOT BE Sali) =e8W? exp (—a1"), (1.89) E(u) =1—exp(—o¥4), (8p rae =I) ~ napaverp nacurra6a erarucravcexoro pacnpenezemna, xia; | B —xoodpomueet Gopwax xpmpoit pacupesenene; w—=(wz+ 19!" — mony ‘eeropa AAR BeTpa. # P(s>4m)=t-ep [-e9 (=?! pir koxbpnuicrre G=2 pacnpexerenne Beiymm nepexomrr » pacnpent- outs Panes, 40m xoToporo micerpansitan gynuns pacnpeseneniin F,(v)=1-exp(—0) (1.82) gyeen 20,5 o, fe a ~ napaneerp saxworo pacnpeseneiis, xoropuit wenenHo ppmeren ero MOze. ‘Beat roopicasestt sore © dpyncunelt Felw)=1~exp(—eH). (1.63) 1 rex caysant, Korma yrrencunvioerb npenenoi warpyatar » pacnpeneaseTeA wo a0eoHy BefiGynna, yin pecnpenenesn F,@)=1~exp(—e0*). (1.84 BeposioeTs Toro, #70 8 Tee He BpeMeHH f swTeNeHOHOCTS BerpoBOI HarPY3~ car w TpCDUCHT sABAeNHE Wr, 6 MepKOMION HODTOPRENOCTH fy, OnpenenRETEH To ‘popmyne Phwom) , TO MMeeT MecTO oxerfoweMyHanbHoe pacrperene- p[-e(inr wf (1.85) rae ry=t{fy — Swen MosTopseMocTH Hassen veTpa w, 92 opener 7. Buspaxke- inne (1.85) ‘onpeneneno nyren ongesenms neposmHocrHoro soKasaTems 3 cTe- Hele Fy, Monyseworo pH omHOKpaTHOK KoBTOpeTUAN HarpyaKK W. Tax o6- ason, ETOKACTINeCKAN YABNCHMOCTE. MeKAY GoxsIMMGL AABNeRMEENAN BeTpA OT- veyrerayer, Fpwoep 1.5, Onpesenie scporreocrs eayvas, wOrsd verpoowe JarpyIN ipesH sa rane i=) el Ap nepwope nobropsewocts f= 10 ner, esi TapaneTpat paenpenenests Bet yaaa e025 xMa'u fs, npogomenrenioers aecayarausi xoverpyeal 50 ne, weny ouTeererayer seao osropsewocrpacserOrd sABNe GH F550) (Consacra (185), eeporroers novanesio sannesiornerpa Gonbure 3 ella [0,25 (in) 384] =0,129=12,9%, Plw>m Bone rogpoGio Borfpockt craTHeTAvecKoro paciipeseseun HarpysoK 4 yor nie pacessarpunaioTex m crewpansnoit suteparype, a TaKxe » padoTax [6, 55, 60, 62, 96 u ap. Bacayaualor sHiMaNIN MpesoxeKx no uepostfoctHo-cra- ‘DucTHMeCKOMY HOAXORY XK Moctpoesntio orGarouyex smop youmNlt craTieecK eompenesunwax xoxerpyrnait [96]. 1.4, OCHOBbI PACYETA SJEMEHTOB HA HAMEXKHOCTH 14d, KOMMOSHIMONHAA @YHKIBA PABOTOCTIOCOBIOCTH Ocnonuax samexa pacvera xouerpyxutii a mazexnocrs cocrowr s yeTawoase- sua neposTHocTx Toro, OB TevexiCe SaARHOIt NpooMsGTTEMbHOCTH okenAya- Tam 20H HOM cOOpyacHAK (B TevenKe JafcuGrOlL napaGoria) aneNenTEt 3 CcuCTeME He OXGAYTOR B pene coctosmMsx. TlosTOMy OcHOBKEIN HOKAsA- ‘Tene HaAeRHOCTH aNeMeNToD sBJHeTeA BeposTHOCTE UK paGoTocrocoGMocTH, * 35apautepreyromell Gesonacwocro 1 oKenAyATANWONHV!O MpuroAKOCTL KoReTpyR- Ln» Tesexme saanxs0i a paGors. Ouout us ocwonazenei MeTON pemembHX cocromll H.C, Crpexeunntt curnan, wto yaer atcropa apeNtenK (MpososacrrensicoeTH sKeTIyeTaMI) B Ka tecrne’ gcwosuoro Mapanerpa b packeTax KOKeTpysIUHl — raapuetit ompoe pasurmi januoro MeToma. 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B wexovopon cxyax oHORwe aHaseseR enysallasr yma conpoTHs- senna Young areweitros mnaOTeR CHyTAIMTNA SeNOMNAN ZH B KAYA xenayranont roucrpysuin, B xeMbHeliNies OWK MOTYT MeKATEER TO jeTEpM- posaaBiony (necxysaitronsy) Saxony. Tors conpornasetee x YouHe TENE ‘Tos MoryT Gite aTMEpoxeHTMaiponasc DsxparxesuAN: (1.86) 87) RO=Rea Os SO=S,950, rae on () 1 9s () — nerepesnemponaimnte dyxias, roropse seoryr Gums onpe- tener uyreat oGeaen0NaNTiN SKCINYATIpYeQsK KoHCTpyatE x ryHesNGL IK Yyeuunel, & racke nyTeM Mposeselten chewwassinx axcTEpHNeeHTOB. Foam dymame 9x ()=9s(?)=1, 70 conpovunnemie x yormue aneMenron npeacrasamot cobolt crankenpiit npouece. Hopmposasnras xoppessuwosnias Gyan nasovoro mponecca pasweres eamue, B taxon cnyae caHNeTaEHMEIN TTokagaTexene aamexIOcTH 9NeeHTOD ADIKETOA neposTHCOCTS. 1x paboTococ06- Hoon a moGom cevenmte caysaii¥ore npowecca’ “Tletepaanimponaranste ConpoTiaNeHnI anéMeitron mpaKreeeKK He cyutec- yror. Hereponuposamaie Younis nocTOmHOI mime Nepesewsoit 20 apeMen enieumnt nerpesaiores cpamxrenbio pemxo. Tame yeraux ueiot MecTo MpIe pacieTe pesepayapon H HeKOTOpHDX ApyEIN eMKOCTAKKX CoopyxesIt "Tip pactere. uanipxesso-ReHOpMMPORRNKOTO COCTORIIA oTeNeHTOD exe- ayer iNet 3 My ocoGenLOcT oMeKtexina qusiKo-MexANEYeCKIEK XApaICTEpC- ‘ne Gevoua ie apaarrypoy, & Take XApAXTEA K BENMSHHT HTPYBOK BO BpeMent Tlosrony qbopnyaut, npenmaaiieHene MAK oNeHK conporuszesx oneMexTOS > onlesubrx cexernex (ntonestiax) caysalbioro Mponeeca, MOryT SKAsHTEMBO onnimatscn mexxy co6olt, Pacier yelumul craritecxk eompesesinMats KOHCTpyX- ruil cxeayer Beer ¢ yeeros x JofossttTessstoro nepepacrpesieneHAR BCE “Thue wefan wexamieveoxex epotiors naTepaaton ® oMACHBEK 20Hax aneMesTOD, 36 Mey youmenar, moumsenmn smrrenoll Karpyscoll, 8 oTsenbuKX ceweuie caysaiioro mpouecca cyueersyer TecHag xoppensuouwas cae. Memty MosTOPHO-epeMenBNOr BO apeMeRC BpemeHMSIMH Marpysxanct CTO- HacruseeNaa IADUCHMOCTS MOxer HTS cMMHOH UA cpemTel, HOO cHaGoil GraGax CTOXACTINECKAN SABKCHMOCTS MexAY mpeMtexNT sarpysxaMar meet recto prt SMIBOAKYOCKEX HeperpySKAX KORCTPYKUUCK BCIENCTEHE PeMOHTHCIK 607, CKIQIINPOSAKUR HECTAKUMTAWR mpenweTon, yeKa ocTAxOREK o6opy- Ropar, MOABINCNIA CTEMMATLNOl TpANCHOpTAOM MarpYSKN HT. J Tipit BeposTxocrHom paciere KOHUTPYIaNWA cneAyeT UMeTS B BAAY, ¥TO MIpO- ouatTeRbHOCTS feicTaHE warpyorm ue OGmaTeAbHO AOmKHA GRIT ZeTepMI- imposaatiolt. Hampisvep, KONCTpySIUM ehMOCTHNX cOOpyxestAii HomaTHBAIOT ‘arpysee cay nlliolt MponOmAGrresGICocTH, TAK XAX EMKOCTIE MOryT SAN1OAATSCH a pasrpywatica cuMywINGE MaTepHasAndH HeperynapHo. TIposlomatTesHOCTS lunwjiop MOBTOPHBIK HATpYGOK TaKKe OhmseT AeTEpMawUMposAMKOl WM cayyAi- nol. J[eTepHilkponaniax MpoAORXNTEMBNOCTS UNsOD DeTpesACTEA pH HAM un DOPALBCONBAK 4 JIpYTHK clicTeMaTaeceuX warpy30K. 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JANEHNITE nepORTHOCTKO-BKOUOMIINECKIN. NeronOM packeTa. Ka" oxCUMYATaNBHOMKy:O MpHromHOCTS. OnHaKO secs BcTpe- SaioTen TpyswocTa B eRsDH € OTCYTCTHMEM YETKOM TparHs BXOMa KONCTPYEUDt -b npeseiixoe cocrosine sTopoll rpyimit. Ceslyer onweritr> mpasiseckie nnpeanomesns B. Ml. Cuapexuca [67] m0 pewieno saxo npoSxes. Tips omusasausar xoncrpyxivCh anannic sx coopyKeMnE cnenyer oRO- Spars Tasore wx roucrpyxTaDHbte peMelUNs, pK KoTOPHK Moxer OpiTe aeO.L- sonata Hecyuias enocobiecrs orpaxnaionyx ssewexros. Tipit a1oM eneayer Mowiucrs, TO onTiwaasNocrb xeaev062TOHKL xOHeTpyKG oByeaousmsaeT- a He Tomtxo 10 crowvocnia H apy seTparax, HO TaHOKE NO MMH OMY Komtecrny TiNOn sxewexTOB Bonpoo ommnnsawnt xoHcTpyKI HeOTaEMNC OT HOAGOPR paIUtONAutbHO- ro coverarex xoxomrioro % cOopioro axenesoGerowa. [ark nOpAUIeHIE Hae Hoots KONCIDYxtuii xCeHATeNGNO MpHMEHTA NpeMMyIECTHENKO CTATIVECKIC eolipenemnae cicTeNGs, B TON ‘CIE OMEpTHC Ho KOETYpY MAMTH, Ges6ax0%- Mie epexpLIIN TOKAI. Tiprweneriie wostommioro weses0eroua neser x sbpbexTIaHOMy roRBC~ uno Hajenocre KoNCTPYsUUK, TA KAK NpH 9TOM coxpaulAeTEs WHEHO CTMKOR Nt conpsxeniti, HeOOxOMMAX CHCTEMAX ¥3 CGOPHX aoyemn. Yeo eriKoR 2 KOMCTDYRLOIE MOXGO YMENLLATH TAOKE TEN YBeMMeHULA Pasytepon COopstix Snewestron. OxeaKo TIpH TAKOM MostKOHE cAAVER MMETK 8 BAAY, TO Mase: hoers KpyiuoTaGapirnix yoy HeckombKo ciinkaeTos. HampiMep, Tpit YEA deuios CGopnnace onoiN narorOITEAMK HAPRACOB KOAYECTEO IK CTAIKOB yl bigeres, oak Np 3TOM HOMMUIAETCR 1OMEHSABOCTH cOmpOTABNENA TO HE SnemeuT0s. Kpone Toro, YoeniuIBaeTsE OnacKOCTs nospex esx KOON Gost tuoi Zu pH mK MBrOTOBNEM, TpaNeKOpTEPoAKE w MHI. 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B crastmne o6pas0naana Tpeut Ko3idor- IMesTT BApMALN mectNOCTHC HETHGAewAIX OxeMEHTOB TopsUIaETER 30 40—30 % 8} Feo Soxvuns saxewuunoen, cootcresa np pacepurin xaca0K- mc Tpeuyat, Omumane zante BUCH eonzerenscrayior, 870 nemAsa Fone pewwolh cimt worAGaewbox aneMexroo, mipx KoTOpOH pacxpsreaeTex waKnowNas ‘Tpenunia onpesenesaiok MHA, YoweeT FOpasz0 wexBbuMN pas6poc. ostomy rrerecoo6paaio 2aMesirs piO%eT KOHCTpYKUM Ha pAcKPBITE Tpeuus pacxevont {Ha TpewmooTOfiKocTs Mo yexumuns, cooTsereTeyIONDIN Mperesiojt mnmpHNe Hx pacxpsrri. TpH anpopuofi ouesite saxexstocrie npoexTapyentnx KoverpyKai onseire cramieriteceie Ouenxt conpoTHDeiix STeMeNTOB, KAX MpawHRO, orcyTeray- ror. Kpowe pyri Mpa TO OG McKseTes Tem, “TO w rpoexTax npesyenseTpH- naloTex suiG0 Mosbic KOWCTpYITDIe PeuIeHNKs, MOO NODE Thmbt wKese3OGe- ‘Town snewenToo. 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