What is 2G Mobile Technology 2G Mobile Technology

2G Mobile technology revolutionized the concept of mobile uses as compared to 1G. 1st generation used the mobile with analog system only used for the verbal communication. 2G Technology mobiles are now able to do not only verbal communication but also able to send text. There are 3 different types of 2G mobile technologies based on the system they are designed. Adoption of any one of the technology makes them somewhat different from the other because of the difference in their working method. All these 2G mobile technologies have different properties to facilitate a special feature of a mobile.

FDMA (2G Mobile Technology)

It works like a radio system by separating the frequency into equal spectrum but affecting the quality of voice. FDMA is an analog system still exists in 2G mobile technology with the digital module of 2G in limited area. Instead of frequency division now cellular based technology which divide geographical areas not frequency and improve the service. Properties

This technology is first used in 1G mobile as an analog system, introduced in 2G with the increase in its frequency with the help of cellular technology. Able to carry digital transmission but digital transmission is not quality wise as good as in case of analog system. Facilitate with the feature of analogue system by enabling the accessibility of call.

TDMA (2G Mobile Technology)

2G Mobiles uses TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) technology in some of its models. It actually divides the band into three time-periods. TDMA contains technologies GSM (Global Service Mobile Communication), which is the most common technology, uses widely across the world. Properties

It provides roaming in more than 200 countries. This international roaming feature attracts the subscribers to use it for travelling purpose. The most used and the most appreciative feature is that of short messaging service (sms). Use of sim is a prominent feature of GSM. It needs only a sim to start communication at a particular region. IDEN abbreviated for Integrated Digital Enhanced Network, which is TDMA based technology based on GSM, is utilized by Motorola limited to United State and Canada only. D-AMPS (Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System) also known as IS-136 used in America only North and South regions. PCS (Personal Communication System) is used in Japan.

CDMA (2G Mobile Technology)

Unlike TDMA, CDMA works using the entire band with the help of code. CDMA is based on a wide spectrum as many calls laid over each other identifying on the basis of unique code.

CDMA gives a separate code to a separate phone. Increase the frequency band space by assigning code in sequence. Both senders and receivers are able to use a full band with the help of using their codes. Contrast to one analog call, nearly dozen calls can be channelized at the same time. IS-95 (Interim Standard) widely uses in Korea increases the capacity as able to use complete band.

3G Mobile Technology What is 3G Mobile Technology 3G mobile technology is an edge over telephone and internet. Different 2G technologies are now gather and utilized at one place to give the mobile technology a new dimension and these called 3G mobile technologies. Combination of all the quality features of different 2G versions brings excellent one best device with high data transfer rate, maximum width of the frequency band, WiFi facility, and first-rate roaming. 3G mobile Technology is the combination of earthly and heavenly features. Let see the technologies used in 3g mobile and their properties one by one.

CDMA 2000 (3G Mobile Technology) Third Generation Partnership Project 2 (TGPP 2) introduced this CDMA 2000. Five countries Telecommunication standards organization did joint venture to design this technology. This technology advancement was already entertained by many other systems and serving as 3G Mobile Technology. Properties:

Able to use verbal and textual service concurrently. High data transfer rate approximately 200 kbps. CDMA 2000 provides wireless facility.

W-CDMA (UMTS) - (3G Mobile Technology) W-CDMA stands for Wideband Code Division Multiple Access is a third generations important feature based on radio transmission system. It is designed by ETSI Alpha organization. It is quite challenging to apply it because of its complex features and versatile properties. Properties:

Make hybrid with IS-95 (digital cellular standard) component of 2G technologyresponsible for the high frequency. It is able to download 14.7 Mb/s.

Provide wideband known as Spread Spectrum in addition to code division multiple accesses. Improved audio-visual effects.

TD-SCDMA (3G Mobile Technology) Time-Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access inherited and hybrid from 2G technologies. This 3G is a step forward as compared to 2G because in 2G either CDMA or TDMA is used to achieve the relevant property. But in 3G both these technologies have been combined to take benefit from both.

TDMA supports multiple access approach and its time division multiple access enables uplink and downlink Transmission. TDMA support GSM enabling sms service. It helps in multiplexing the FDMA technology with TDMA and CDMA allot whole frequency band to a specific service and transmit signals converts into digital data to the all the users.

Some other 3G mobile technologies utilized by the 3G mobiles are as follows;

Video technology for video calling or video conference. Here two cameras are used so that caller can see the other. Sim based technology with the 3G network connectivity. GPRS General Packet Radio Service where data is divided into chunks of information and transmit through radio signals. EDGE for enhanced data rate service. W-LAN is a standard for wireless facility through local area network service. Multimedia technology applications are the key feature for 3g mobile technology. IP connectivity is an additional feature for voice call or message and video call or video conference.

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4G Mobile Technology What is 4G Mobile Technology

4G Mobile Technology is in progress and still not set standards are defined. Many changes rather improvements are expected in the coming 4G mobile technology. First and foremost priority is giving to the security issue. International Telecommunication Union using Radio defined 4G mobile technology as IMTAdvanced (International Mobile telecommunication Advanced). Expected issues considered to be resolved in this 4G mobile technology are as follows;

It is considered to embed IP feature in the set for more security purpose as high data rates are send and receive through the phone using 4G mobile technology. 4G mobile technology is going to be able to download at a rate of 100Mbps like mobile access and less mobility of 1GBps for local access of wireless Instead of hybrid technology used in 3G with the combination of CDMA and IS-95 a new technology OFDMA is introduced 4G. In OFDMA, the concept is again of division multiple

accesses but this is neither time like TDMA nor code divided CDMA rather frequency domain equalization process symbolizes as OFDMA.

CDMA sends data through one channel but with the division of time in three slots. While CDMA also sends data through one channel identifying the receiver with the help of code. Whereas in 4G mobile technology OFDMA is going to introduce in which data packets sends by dividing the channel into a narrow band for the greater efficiency comprises a prominent feature of 4G mobile technology. IEEE 802.16m is processing for the IEE802.16e comprising the 4G brand will define it as WMBA (Wireless Mobile Broadband Access). This is a plain indicator for the internet availability. The implementation is in progress to avoid the call interference in case of data download from a website. It will propose 128 Mbps downlink data rate and 56Mbps uplink data rate which is an extra ordinary step in 4G mobile technology. The service will limit as the availability of hotspot is condition for the internet connectivity. Parallel with WiMAX, LTE is intended to incorporate in 4G mobiles. It is also a wireless technology for the broadband access. The difference between WiMAX and LTE is that LTE goes for the IP Address. It follows the same TCP / IP concept inherited from networking technology. Restricted for the IP addresses it will provide great security as well as high data transferability, avoid latency, having the ability to adjust the bandwidth. LTE is compatible with CDMA so able to back n forth the data in between both networks. 3GPP Organization is going to introduce two major wireless standards; LTE and IEEE802.16m. Former is granted permission for the further process while second is under consideration and that will become a part of 4G mobile technology. IPv6 is approved by Verizon as a 4G standard on June 2009.