Sentencecorrection:

Pronouns
Subjectpronouns: 1. I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they Objectpronouns: 2. Me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them Reflexivepronouns: 3. Myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves, yourselves,themselves 1. Icutmyselfshaving.(Returnstheaction) 2. Imyself(yomismo)haveseenaghost.(the person)) 3. Hecamebyhimself(sinsumam).(Alone) 1. OJO!Noesslosinayuda. PossessivePronouns 4. MyMine,YourYours,His,Hers,Its,OurOurs, TheirTheirs 2. Whenplacedattheendofsentence(i.e.Mine, Yours,Oursetc) IndefinitePronouns 5. None,everything,another,some,any,both,few, many,most,one,other,several,anyoneanyone, everyoneeveryone,anybodyanybody,besides beside ANY ONE ANY Cualquiera.Generalmentereferidoauna persona Unocualquiera,elquesea

ONE EVER YON E EVER Y ONE SOM EON E ANY BOD Y BESI DE BESI DES

DoesJoespeakanyoneofthesaxon dialects? Todos.Generalmentereferidoauna persona Cadauno. Pleasegiveeveryonehisownbook Alguno.Generalmentereferidoauna persona Cualquierpersona.

Juntoa. Thereisachairbesidethetable Ademsde. BESIDESthesofawehavethreeextra chairs

1.Possessivepronounbeforeingform: Idontmindhisstaringatthemirror. Idontlikehissmokinginthecar. 6. Itstheactionnottheperson 2.AfteralltheformsofTOBEexcepttheinfinitivetobeuseasubject pronoun(usedtobeisaformoftheverbtobe,nottheinfinitive): ItwasIwhocalledyoulastnight. ItusedtobehewhodresseduplikeSantaClaus 7. ItwillbeI,IthasbeenI,IthadbeenI,Itwouldhave beenI 3.Afteraprepositionalwaysusetheobjectpronoun:

 Betweenyouandme,Ireallyhateher. Thesecretremainsamongthem. 8. Everythingaftertheprepositionisaffectedbyit 4.Usethesameformincomparatives: Heisasbrightassheis. Thecarisnotyours,itishers. 9. PronounsmustbeparallelONLYIN COMPARISONS!!! 5.UsingPronouns:(alwayslooksatwhatcomesafterwhoandwhom) SubjectPronouns:substitutebyasubjectpronoun:he,she,weorthey 10. Who(quien)Idontknowthewomenwhoare going.(Theyaregoing) 11. Whoever(quienquiera)Choosewhoeveristhere. (Heisthere) 12. Whosoever(quienesquieran)Whosoevercouldhave doneit!(Theycouldhavedoneit UsingObjectPronouns:substitutebyanobjectpronoun:him,her,us orthem 13. Whom(aquien)Idontknowthewomenwhomyou sent.(Yousentthem) 14. Whomever(aquienquiera)Whomeveryousendwill befine!(him) 15. Whomsoever(aquienesquieran)Idontknowthe womanwithwhomyouweretalking(her)

Subjectverbagreement
6.Thesubjectsaresingularifthefollowingwordsareusedassubjects: EverySomeAnyNoEachEitherNeither Everyoneishappy. Everybodyishere.

 Neitherhimnorherisgoing. 7.Wheneachoreverycomesbeforesingularsubjectsjoinedbyand,a singularverbisrequired: boyandgirlisresponsibleoftheChristmastree. Each Every coachandplayerwasnervousbeforethegame. 8.Introductoryitissingularandshouldalwaysbefollowedbya singularverb: ItisIwhowilldefeattheenemy. Itcomessuddenlyanddestroystheforest. 9.Wordsthatcomebetweenasubjectanditsverbdonotchangethe numberofthesubject(togetherwith,aswellas,alongwith,inaddition to): Javier,aswellastherestoftheteam,isexpelledfromschool. Theman,togetherwithhisfamily,waskilledinacaraccident. 10.There,hereandwhereareneversubjects,Whenasentencebegins withoneofthesewords,thesubjectcomesaftertheverb: comestherainagain. Here Where doyouthinkyouaregoing? There arenodogsinthisneighborhood There isnodoginthisneighborhood 11.Subjectsjoinedby:andorbothandtakeapluralverb. AredZ3andabluePorscheareparkedoutside Thecarandthemotorcyclewerestolen. theactressandhermanagerreceiveanoutstandingrecognition. Both

12.Several,many,both,andfewarepluralwordsandtakeapluralverb: Several itemswereintroducedtothemarket. Many timeshaveItriedtogettoyou.

13.Somenounsarepluralinformandalwaystakepluralverbs: Clothes:trousers,pants,jeans,sunglasses Tools:scissors,pliers,tweezers. Abstract:riches,thanks,means Jeansaresoldinstores. Thanksarealwayswelcome. 16. OJO!:Thescissorsareonthetable Apairofscissorsisonthetable 14.Whensubjectsarejoinedbythefollowingstructures,theverbmust agreewiththeclosersubject:Neithernor,eitheror,notonlybutalso Notonly thenursebutalsothedoctoriscomingsoon. Notonly thenursebutalsothedoctorsarecomingsoon. Either thelifeguardsorthepolicemanisresponsibleofthesafetyofthe swimmers. 15.Manywordsmaybesingularorpluraldependingonwhatthey referto: All,some,any,majority,mosthalf,etc. thebooksareontheshelf. All themoneyisinthebank All 16.Theexpressionanumberofispluralandtheexpressionthenumberof issingular: Anumberof studentswereseenusingdrugs. Thenumberof homicideshasincreasedinthepasttwomonths. 17.Theexpressionmanya(unodetantos)issingular: Manya womanisaloneinthedark. Many womenhavetraveledalone

18.Expressionsstatingoneamountoftime,money,weight,volume requireasingularverb:(OJO:Cantidades,pesosyvolmenesson singulares) Loosingweight isnotaneasytask. Tenmonths ismorethanenoughtokeeponmissingsomeone. 19.Somewordsarealwayspluralinformbutsingularinmeaning,and requireasingularverb: Diseases,abstractnouns(news,ethics),academicsubjects (mathematics) Mathematics isagreatfieldofknowledge. Diseases isthemaincauseoftheextinctionoftheseparticularkindof dog. Thenewsisgood 20.Titlesofbooksandmovies,evenifpluralinformtakeasingular verb: StarWars isagreatmovie. TheRemainsoftheDayhasagreatartadaptation. 21.Collectivenounsareusuallysingular,butmaybepluralifthe membersarefunctioningindependently: Thecrewiswashingitsbunks. Thecrewarewashingtheirbunks. 22.Somenounshavethesameformforbothsingularandplural meanings(species,series,etc.): Sheep,shrimp,fish,zebra,trout,swine Thedeerisgrowingold. Thedeerwerekilledduringthehuntingseason. 23.Nounsfornationalitythatendwithese,chorsh,maybesingularor pluraldependingontheirmeaning: Whenthewordreferstoalanguageittakessingularverb Whenitreferstopeopleinacountryittakesapluralverbandis precededbythe

17. French isabeautifullanguage. 18. TheFrench womenaregorgeous.

24.Wordthatcomefromotherlanguages,haveunusualsingularand pluralforms: Basisbases,criterioncriteria,phenomenonphenomena,radiusradii, alumnusalumni,algaalgae,vitavitae,datumdata,mediummedia,index indices,appendixappendices. 25.Danglingmodifiers:Introductoryphrasesmodifythesubjectofthe sentence.Gotothecomma,lookforthesubjectwhichisusuallythe first,orsecondwordandseeifitisdescribingthesubjectcorrectly. 19. Becarefulwithsentencethatbeginwith gerundsorwithlike,unlike,similartoordissimilar to.

Incorrect:Runningdownthestreet,astonetrippedJohn. Correct:Runningdownthestreet,Johntrippedonastone. Correct:WhileJohnwasrunningdownthestreet,hetrippedona stone. 26.Demonverbs: Lie,lay,lainandlying:yacer,estaracostadoosituado(answerwhere?) 20. TolucaliestotheWest(Where?) Laylaidlaidlaying:poner,colocaralgoenalgnsitio(answerwhat?Or whom?) 21. Shelaidherkeysonthetable(What?) 22. Thechickenlaysanegg(What?) 3. OJO!Donotconfusewithlie,lied,liedand lyingdementir. Rise,rose,risenandrising:levantar(answerwhere?) Raise,raised,raisedandraisin:levanter(answerwhat?Orwhom?) 27.Afterreasonorcause,donotuseduetoorbecause: Incorrect:Thereasonthealumnusfailedwasbecausehedidnotstudy.

 Correct:Thereasonthealumnusfailedwasthathedidnotstudy. Thealumnusfailedbecausehedidnotstudy 28.Neverstartasentencewithdueto,usebecause(of)instead: Incorrect:Duetotherain Correct:Becauseoftherain

29.Formerlattercomparestwo;firstlastcomparesmorethantwo. Theformerpresidentwasmorepopularthanthelatter. Thefirstpresidentwasmorepopularthanthelastpresident. 30.Linkingcopulativeverbs(Theseverbslinkthesubjectwithits complementandshouldbefollowedbyanadjective.Senseverbsare alsolinkingverbs): Linkingverbsshouldbefollowedbyanadjective Tobe,appear,seem,become,remain,get,go,prove,turn,grow 23. Thegirlseemshappy 24. Theexampleprovesuseful Senseverbsarealsolinkingverbs,andshouldthereforebefollowedby andadjectiveaswell Theseverbsare:feel,smell,taste,look,sound 25. Themanfeltanxiousbeforehiswedding Exceptiontosenseverbs:Whenthesenseverbreferstotheactionand nottheperson,itbecomesanactionverbandisfollowedbyanadverb 26. Themananxiouslyapproachedthebridewiththe ring 31.Problemsintroducedbyif: Simplecondition;causeandeffect: 27. Ifyoucome,wewillgo.(If+presente=futuro)

28. Ifhestudied,hewouldlearn.(If+copreterito= postpreterito) 29. Ifshewasattheparty,Ididnotseeher. Ifuntrue,contrarytofacthighlyimprobableclauses;desirefuture: 30. IfIwereking,I(would/could/might)conquerthe world. 31. WereIking,Iwouldconquertheworld. 32. IftodaywereSaturday,we(would/could/might)go totheclub. 33. WeretodaySaturday,wewouldgototheclub.

Ifsubjunctive;regretofsomethingfromthepast: 34. IfIhadknownyouwerecoming,I (would/could/might)havebakedacake. 35. HadIknownyouwerecoming,Iwouldhavebakeda cake. 32.Neverusebeingasorbeingthattomeansinceor because: Incorrect:BeingthatIwastired Correct:(Since/because)Iwastired 33.Avoidtheuseofdoublenegatives: Incorrect:Idontwantnopeas. Correct:Idontwantanypeas 36. OJO!Becarefulwhenyoufindnegativeadverbssuch as:hardly,but,scarcely,seldom,rarelyandthelike. Whenyouspotthembeonthelookoutforanother negative Incorrect:Ispenttendollarsongasoline,andnowIdont(absoluto) havehardly(relativo)anymoney

37. Conservamossiempreelrelativo! Correct:Ihavehardlyanymoney. 34.Likeas: Uselikewhenyoucansubstituteitforsimilarto: 38. Iamlike(similarto)mybrother. Useastoestablishcomparison: 39. Iamastallasheis. Asifalwaysfollowedbywereorhave/had 40. Heactsasifheweremyfriend 35.Betweenamong: Usebetweeniftherearetwothings. Useamongiftherearemorethantwothings. UseOfallwhenyouareconsideringthewhole

36.FewerLess,ManyMuch,NumberAmount Countnouns Few,Fewer,Fewest 41. Fewerpeople 42. Fewhopes 43. Fewcoins never countable) Number Amount,Quantity 44. Numberofsugarcubes 45. Numberofsandcastles Many Much *Amountofsugar Noncountnouns Little,less,theleast *Lesspopulation *Lesshope *Littlemoney(moneyis

*Quantityofsand

46. Manythingstothinkabout 47. Manypeople 48. Majorityof:members

*MuchThought

*Muchpopulation *Muchnewsin

49. Remember,percentagesarenotcountable,therefore weusemuch Itispossiblethatweforgotto evaluateasmuchas60%ofthevoters 50. Losintangiblesalvolversepluralessevuleven contables 37.Punctuationoftwoindependentorcompleteideas: Neverseparatetwocompleteindependentideaswithacommaalone. 51. Incorrect:Youhavestudiedalot,youareagood student. Youmayseparatetwoindependentideaswithacommaonlyifyou useashortconnector: ,Or ,for ,so ,but ,nor ,yet 52. Youhavestudiedveryhard,soyouhavelearnedalot

Longconnectorsuseasemicolon: ;nevertheless, ;moreover, ;thus, 53. Youhavestudiedveryhard;hence,youhavelearned alot Remember: ;hence, ;ontheotherhand,

54. Commainsidequotationmarks, 55. Periodinsidequotationmarks. 56. Alldoublemarksoutsidequotationmarks:; 38.Afterusedtousethesimpleformoftheverb: Iusedtoread(leaperoyano) Iusedtostudyeverysingleday. Sheusedtosmileregardlessofhersadness. 39.Afterusingatobeform+usedtouseingform: Hewasusedtoridingbicycles. Shewasusedtowritingletters. VERBINVERSION 40.Verbinversionoccursifyoustartaclausewithanegativewordor words: i.e.Somenegativesthatdontlooknegative: Hardly,barely,scarcely Hardlydidhefinishwhenhearrived Barelywastheicecreamsufficientfortheparty ScarcelydidIhavetimetofinishmywork

41.WordsthatdontadmitnegativeinSpanisheither: Seldom:SeldomhaveIseensuchaman Rarely:Rarelydoesshegotothemovies Little:LittledidIknowthathewouldcallmeback Never:NeverhaveIeatenshrimp

 Only:OnlyoncedidIseeablackpanther So:SointensewasthepainthatIcried Innocase:InnocasewillIgo Undernocircumstances,undernocondition PARALLELSTRUCTURE 42.Bewareofunnecessaryshiftsinverbtenses: Incorrect:ShestudiedatITAMandapprovestheexams. Correct:ShestudiedalITAMandapprovedtheexams. 43.Avoidunnecessaryshiftsinperson: Incorrect:Oneshouldsavemoneyandyoushouldopenabankaccount. Correct:Youshouldsavemoneyandyoushouldopenabankaccount. 44.Watchforparallelstructureproblemsinlists: Incorrect:Ilivemylifetryingtobebold,braveandtoseemcharming. Correct:Ilivemylifetryingtobebold,braveandcharming. Seriesofadjectives:Heistall,blond,andhandsome Seriesofverbs:Hesings,dances,andplaysguitar Seriesofadverbs:Hedoeshisworkquickly,carefullyandefficiently

45.Verbs:Parallelstructurebetweengerundsandinfinitives Incorrect:Tobehappyisasimportantasbeingintelligent. Correct:Tobehappyisasimportantastobeintelligent.

 Incorrect:Totellaproblemtoastrangerissometimeseasierthan explainingittoafriend Correct:Totell.Toexplain BEWARE!Ofverbsindifferentlines: 57. Krakatoaerupedviolently,sendingashes,throwing rocks,blowingsmokeandmakingnoises 46.Bewareoftheuseofcorrelatives Theyarealwaysusedinpairs. Theymustalwaysbefollowedbythesamegrammaticalstructure. Bothand Notonlybut also Notbut Eitheror Notonlybut aswell Firstsecond Notmerelybut Notsomuchas Whetheror Neithernor Lessthan Asmuchas Morethan Tofrom Incorrect:Waterbothflowsoverandthroughporoussoil Flowsverbthroughpreposition Incorrect:Waterbothflowsoverandflowsthrough (Unnecessaryrepetionofverb) Correct:Waterflowsbothoverandthroughporoussoil (Overandthrougharebothprepositions) Betweenand

47.Comparison:

 Whenonememberofagroupiscomparedtotheothermembersofthe group,itisnecessarytoexcludethatmemberfromthegroupbyusing thewordsanyotheroranyoneelse: 58. Incorrect:Alaskaislargerthananystate 59. Correct:Alaskaislargerthananyotherstate 60. Camposisfasterthananyothergoalkeeper. 61. Chihuahuaislargerthananyotherstate. Manyparallelstructureproblemsarerelatedtoincomplete comparisons.Goodparallelstructuredemandsthatonlythosethings thatarealikecanactuallybecompared: 62. Incorrect:Thesoundoftheguitarisdifferentfromthe drums. 63. Correct:Thesoundoftheguitarisdifferentfromthe drums. 64. Correct:Thesoundoftheguitarisdifferentfromthat ofthedrums Insomesentences,twopersonsorthingsarecomparedintwoways. Whentwocomparisonsarecombined,allpartsofbothcomparisons mustberetained: 65. Comparison1:MaryisastallasJohn. 66. Comparison2:MarymaybetallerthanJohn. 67. Combined:Maryisastallas,ifnottallerthanJohn 48.Fullparallelism: Withinsentences,phrasesmustbeparallelwithphrases,andclauses mustbeparallelwithotherclauses(bewareofthewordsbecause,by, despite,for,andthroughasyoumayhavetorepeattheminthesentence). 68. Incorrect:HewasacceptedatStanfordbecausehe hadagoodGMATandheisintelligent. 69. Correct:HewasacceptedatStanfordbecausehehad agoodGMATandbecauseheisintelligent.

50.Consider/Regard Consider:Youconsidersomeonesomething:(Neveruseasafter consider) 70. Iconsiderhimaverygoodfriend. Regard:Youregardsomeoneassomething:(Useasafterregard) 71. Iregardhimasaverygoodfriend 51.Make/do Makemeansinvent,formulateorproduce. 72. Imakeanexam 73. Iformulateasentence 74. Iproduceanidea Domeanscarryout. 75. Imaketheexam,youdoit 76. Iformulateasentence,youdothehomework 77. Iproduceanidea,youdotheapplication 52.Whetherusedaschoiceoftwo: 78. Correct:WhetherHarvardorStanford 79. Correct:WhetheryouwantHarvardornot. 80. Correct:WhetheryouwantHarvard. 81. Incorrect:WhetheryouwantHarvardorStanfordor not. 53.WhenyoufindIfinthemiddleofthesentencereplaceitforwhether, exceptifisaclauseortherearemorethentwooptions: 82. Idliketoknowwhetheryouwantcoffeeortea. 83. Idliketoknowifyouwantcoffee,teaorwater. 84. Itisunusualifnotstrangetodressthatway.

4. Exceptoifcause 5. Unchoicedemsdedos 6. 54.Thewordhopefullydoesnotexist,usehopefulinstead Iamhopeful Ihope 55.Theonlywordthatendswithfulandiswrittenwithadoublellis full. 56.Madewith/madeof: Madewith:referstoseveralingredients: 85. Thecakeismadewithmanyingredients. Madeof:madewithoneingredient. 86. Thewatchismadeofgold. 57.Dontsplityourinfinitives,nointerponeradverbiooadjetivo Incorrect:Toquicklylearn Correct:Tolearnquickly 58.Oneofisusuallyplural,exceptifprecededby: But,just,only,single,nooranyothernegative Orifitisatthebeginningofthesentence. 87. Oneofthisdaysisgoingto.. 59.Comparewith/Comparedto Comparewithisusedtocomparesimilarinconcept 88. Comparedwith thatBMWtheMercedesisacheaper car comparetoisusedtocomparedifferentconcepts: 89. Comparedto mycomputer,mycalculatorisveryslow. 60.Attend/attendto Attend:meanstobepresent

90. Theboydidntattendthegymclass. Attendto:meanstobeincharge. 91. Thenurseattendedtotheneedsofthepatient. 61.Thedeterminesorspecifies: Bringmeacoat.(Anycoat) Bringmethecoat.(Thespecificcoat)

62.Theuseofaandan: Useawhenfirstlettersoundslikeaconsonant: Uniform Universe Hair Unicorn University Hotel Useanwhenthefirstlettersoundslikeavowel: Apple Heir Unusual Hostel 63.EarlywhilePrevious Herbal Honest Special Especial Specially Especially

Earlymustalwaysbereferredtotime. Earlyintheday Earlyinthestory Earlyinmylife 7. Whenearlyhasnotimeweassumeitistoday

Whilesiempreindicaun18ompassdeespera 92. HaveacupofcoffeewhileIleave 93. TimepassedwhileIwassick OJO!Cuandowhileestausadocomoaunqueoentantoquecambiaawhereas 94. Whilethedogisyours,helovesme 95. Whereasthedogisyours,helovesme Previoussesustituyeporcosas 96. Hecalledmefourprevioustimes Incorrect Correct

64.Beforethewordenoughalwaysuseanadjective,andafterenough alwaysuseanoun. Thatisgoodenoughcoffeeforme. (adj.)(noun) 65.Longlengthy: Uselongforthingsthatcanbecountedormeasuredwithanyunit (time,distance,etc) 97. Ithasbeenalongtripsincewemet. Uselengthyforthingsthatcantbecountedormeasured 98. Thepriestsspeechwaslengthyandboring. OJO!:Separationpuedeserutilizadatantoconlongcomoconlengthy dependiendositieneconnotacinsentimentalono 66.Fartherfurther: Usefartherformeasurabledistances. 99. AcapulcoisfartherthanCuernavaca. Usefurtherfordistancesthatthatcantbemeasured. 100. Youarenotexpectedinthearmyuntilfurther notice. 67.Rather Toindicatepreference,inthiscaseitmusthaveanauxiliary 101. 102. Iwouldrathergo Iwouldratherhavecoffeethantea

IndicateschoiceandmaybesubstitutedbyInstead 103. Iwantcoffeeratherthantea

NUNCAseusaparasignificarmsbienounpoquito 104. 105. 68.Todoit/todoso: Todoithasasexualconnotation.(Onlyusewhenitreferstoathing) Incorrect:Themoviewasrathersad Correct:Themoviewasabitsad

 Todosohastodowiththeactionofthings.(99%isthecorrectchoice) 69.Despite/Despitethefactthat: Despiteisalwaysfollowedbyanoun. 106. Despitetherainwearehere

Despitethefactthatisfollowedbyanactionorverb 107. Despitethefactthatitrained,weattendedthe concert. 8. Entodoslosdemscasosthefactthatesrolloyse quita

70.Which/that: Whichisspecific: 108. Thatisingeneral: 109. Tigersthatexistarefelines. TigerswhichliveinZoos.

71.Like/unlikeandjustas: Like/unlikecomparesnouns.Lookforacommaandthesame structure: 110. (nouns) Justascomparesverbs.Lookforaverbbeforeandafterthecomma: 111. JustasTomdoes,Joeworksforme LikeJohn,MaryisanAmerican.

OJO!Justlikedoesntexist. 72.Theuseofverbalsandspecificallyprovided: Verbalsareverbsthatareusedasnouns: 112. 113. Myfavoritesportisswimming.(noun) Iamswimming.(verbo)

 Providedisthepastofprovideandasaverbalitmeansdadoque: 114. Iwillprovideyouthefunds,providedyoustudy

(proveer)(siempreque)

73.Subjunctives:indicanrecomendacin,deseo,sugerencia,advertencia,y siemprequedaimplicitalaadvertencia:Siquieres,sinoallatu Ejemplos:

Recommend that Suggestthat Indicatethat Hopethat Requirethat Requestthat Advicethat Makethat

Elsubjuntivoesigualalinfinitivo,peroquitndoleelto. Infinitivo: Togo Tosay Tobe Subjuntivo: Go Say Be

115. Correct:Thedoctorrecommendedthathegotoa specialist 116. Incorrect:Thedoctorrecommendedthathe shouldgoto. OJO!Estareglanoaplicasidesapareceelthat 74.ErroresdeAntecedente:Debedetenersecuidado dequelosconectoresserefieranaloinmediato anterioraellos,yqueelrestodelaoracinsea coherenteconesto.

 Conectoresqueproducenerror: 117. Which(referstothings)

9. Thepenwhichyouhaveismine Correct 10. ThefriendwhichIdescribeisMary Incorrect 118. Where(referstoplaces)

11. MexicoiswhereIlive Correct 12. Thepencilwherethemarkswereleftwasmine Incorrect 119. Who/Whom(referstopeople)

13. Joeiswhomwehired Correct 120. Why(referstoreasons)

121. This/That/These/Those(referstothelast noun) 14. Paintingsaregoodtohave,andthesemakea wonderfulgift(Correct) 15. Readingisveryamusing,andthiseducatesyou (Correct) 16. Themoviewasasbadasthepopcorn,andthis madeusangry(Incorrect) 17. Themanrefusedtomovehiscar,andthatcaused himproblem(Incorrect) 18. Thenoiseattheairportwasdeafening, which/thatmadeconversationdifficult(Incorrect) 19. Thenoiseattheairportwasdeafening,situation thatmadeconversationdifficult(Correct) 20. Thenoiseattheairportwasdeafening,andthe rumblemadeconversationdifficult(Correct)

21. Becausethenoiseattheairportwasdeafening, conversationwasdifficult(Correct) Corrections: 122. Situationthat(Opcindeloscobarde)

22. Thenoiseattheairportwasdeafening,situation thatmadeconversationdifficult. 123. Repeatthesubject.

23. Thenoiseattheairportwasdeafening,andthe rumblemadeconversationdifficult. 124. Changeallthesentence.

24. Becausethenoiseattheairportwasdeafening, conversationwasdifficult. OJO!.ThisReferstotheentirelastsentenceanddoesnotcauseerror. 125. Itmayrefertothelastnounortothesubject ofthesentence 126. Thisreferstotheentirelastsentence

25. MaryhasaMexicanpassport.Thisallowsherto travelaroundtheworld 127. 1888,__________besurethatwhatfollows referstothesubjectandnottothedate 26. Themoviewasfilmedin1988,anditwasabig success(Correct)

75.Alltogether/altogether Alltogethermeanseveryone:(Todosjuntos) 128. Alltogetherforthepicture.

Altogethermeansentirely:(Deplano,deatiro,totalmente) 129. 78.Hang/hung: Hang,hanged,hanged:Ahorcar Theearthquakedestroyedthecityaltogether.

 Hang,hung,hung:Colgarconungancho 79.Fall/fell/fallen:caer Feel/felt/felt:sentir 80.Healthyandhealthful: Animalsandplantsarehealthy: 130. Youlookhealthyagain.

Healthful:somethingthatpromoteshealth: 131. Theparkisahealthfulenvironment.

81.Neveruseprobablewithmayormight: Incorrect:Itisprobablethatintherush,thedoctormayhaveforgottento giveusthemedicine. Correct:Itisprobablethatintherush,thedoctorforgottogiveusthe medicine.

82.Ontime/intime: Ontime:Punctually(atiempo) 132. Thebusarrivedontime.

Intime:Withtime(coneltiempo) 133. Youwilllearntosurfintime.

83.Contraryto/InContrastto Alwaysusetowithcontraryandincontrast 134. 135. Contraryto whatwasexpected Incontrastto Picasso,Rivera

OJO!Incontrastwith,contrarywith,oppositeofestanmal!!! 84.Packet/package: Packetalwaysreferstopaper;neveruse:Thepacketofpaper Packagereferstosomethingwrapped. 85.Theuseofhave:

 Seusacomoauxiliarentiemposperfectos Havesolitoindicaposesin 136. Incorrect:Ihavenot,andneverwillhaveyour strength. 137. Correct:Ihavenothave,andneverwillhave yourstrength. 86.Not/no: Notisusedwithverbsoradjectives: 138. 139. 140. Noisusedwithnouns: 141. Ihavenomoney. Notseen Iamnotrich. Incorrect:Itdoesnotgood

142. Correct:Itdoesnogood(Significaqueno sirvedenadaonoesadecuado)

87.Can,capableofandableto: Canreferstoamechanicalability. 143. Icandriveacar.

Capableofreferstotheabilitytodothingsforbeingahumanbeing. 144. Iamcapabletobreathe.

Abletoreferstoacquiredabilities. 145. Iamabletosurfthewaves.

Notablenoexiste,esnecesariousarunable 88.Let/may: Letimpliesaphysicalaction:(Sueltame!!,qutatedeenfrente) 146. mego. Let

May:permiso,cortesiaopeticin:

147.

wedance. May

89.Theverbsforbid,allow,permitandproposeaswell as,theverbsthatproducesubjunctivemode(i.e recommend,suggestetc.)refertoanactionandnever toanoun: Incorrect:Iforbidtheunionfromstriking. Correct:Iforbidtheunionsstriking.(Possesivebeforeing) Correct:Iforbidthattheunionstrikes. 90.Neverusetwotime,threetimes,fourtimes.Use:double,triple, quadruple,quintuple Doubletheamount Twicethenumber 91.Triplecorrelativeconjunction:(Whatcomesaftertheconjunction musthavethesamegrammaticalstructure) Notnorbut 148. IdonotreadnorwritebutunderstandEnglish well. Neithernorbut 149. 92.Maybe/maybe Maybe:paratodaslasinstanciasqueindicanprobabilidad 150. 151. Wemaybeneedinganattorney. Sigeneragerundiosecambiopormight Ihaveneitherfriendsnormoneybutfamily.

27. Imaybegoing(Incorrect) 28. Imightgo(Correct) Maybe:respuestaaunapregunta,esunaaccincompletaperoes coloquialysecambiaporPERHAPS 93.Lighton/turnon: Youlightwithfire 152. Youlightafire

153. Turnonismechanical 94.Win/gain/earn:

Youlightastove

Winllevaunelementofortuito,elementodesuerte Earnllevaesfuerzo,trabajootiempo Gain 95.Theuseofso: Siemprequetengosoynoesconectorbusco: 154. That(que)

29. Sothat:Sosmartthat 155. Asto(Comopara)

30. Soasto:Soastobehappy 156. Too(asitambin)

31. Sotoo:SohaveIworkedtoo 96.Theuseofbeing: BeingispassivevoicesoIsuspectabetterchoice 97.Degree/Level Degree:isusedwithacademicdegrees,temperatureandangles OJO!!!neverusedegreewithknowledge. Level:Seutilizaparaconocimiento 98.Well/good: Wellisanadverbexceptwhenitreferstohealth 157. Goodisanadjective. 158. 159. 99.Native/natives: Ifeelgood Thesoupisgood Iamwell

 Native:Oriundo,originario(Nosepluraliza) 160. IwasborninMexico,soIamanativefrom Mexico. 161. 162. Nativeofserefiereapersonas Nativetoserefiereaanimales

Nativesusebonesintheirheads!!!! 100.Over/about: Youdisputeover 163. Youargueabout 164. Iargueaboutamathematicalproblem. Idisputeoveracoupleofyards.

101.Neveruse2nd,4thuse2or4 102.Plus: nicamenteparaoperacionesmatemticas 165. 166. Incorrect:Thishasaplusforyou. Correct:Twoplustwoisfour.

103.Asacanbe(Tantocomolopuedeser) As(adjetivo)a(noun)canbe 167. Asgoodacarcanbe

104.Vulnerable/Opposed/Rebel/Contrary Neverusevulnerableopposedrebelcontrarywithagainst;alwaysuse to: 168. 169. Incorrect:Heisopposedagainstoppression. Correct:Heisopposedtooppression

105.Neverstartasentencewithanumber: Incorrect:1964isanimportantyearinthewarof 106.Basedon/onthebasisof: Basedonisusedwithsomethingphysical/tangible:

170. 171.

Thebuildingisbasedonpilotsofsteel Basedontheformula/survey(Correct)

Onthebasisofisusedwithsomethingintangible 172. Onthebasisof whatIknow.

107.Neverusegerundsexceptwhen: thesecondactionisconsequenceofthefirstone: 173. Krakatoaeruptedsendingashes

Whensomethinghappensinthisinstant 174. Itsraining

Cuandomellevasaunasituacinparaquelarevivacontigo 175. Whiletheearthquakestroke,Iwasdrinking coffee 108.Iamno/Iamnot: IamnoTarzan.IamnotsomeonelikeSignificaniquefuera IamnotTarzan.Iamnotthatperson. 109.Economic/economical: Economic(noun):Economicbehavior. Economical(adjective):Economicalticket.(Cheap,notexpensive) 110.Lasfrasesadverbialesdemodo,tiempoylugarvandepreferencia alprincipiooalfinaldelaidea 111.CuandonoencuentroAswellasyIfnotbetterthanbusco: Atleastaswellas 112.Ifyoubut(sitanslo) Seconjugaigualqueloscondicionales 176. IfyoubutwerekingIwouldconquerthe world 113.PREPOSITIONS: ON

177. Cuandounapersonaviajaentransportes colectivos:plane,train,boat,bus,subway.(Encoche no) 32. Doyouusuallycometoworkonabus? 178. Cuandounapersonamontaocamina(walkor ride) 33. Icameonfoot 34. Iplantoarriveonhorseback 179. Endirecciones.Serefiereaunacalle especficamente 35. OnBookerSt. 180. Parafechas.Seutilizaparaundadelasemana oparaunafechamuyespecfica 36. OnTuesday 37. OnJanuary28,1969 181. BY 182. Cuandounapersonaviajapormediodeun transporte,considerandocomomedio,noimportasi escolectivoono 38. Didyoucometoworkbycartoday? 183. Consignificadodeacompaadoosolo.La aplicacinessincompaia 39. Sheusuallysitsbyherself 184. Paraindicarautorazgo Ontheteam,onthecommittee,onthegroup

40. ThebookwaswrittenbyTom WITH 185. Consignificadodecompaa,seutilizapara expresarconcompaia 41. Sheusuallysitswithherfriends.

186. Cuandoserefierealautilizacindeun instrumento 42. Youmustsignthecheckwithapen IN 187. Seutilizacuandoserefierealasustanciadeun instrumento 43. Bankusuallylikesignaturesinink 188. Paradireccionesintermedias.Seutilizapara especificarunaciudad,estado;sinespecificarms.Da uncontextogeneral 44. InNorthCarolina,InUSA 189. Parafechas.Seutilizaparaespecificarunmes, unao,peronosemezclancomoundatocomplejoo msexacto 45. InJanuary,In1998 AT 190. Paradireccionesexactasycompletas

46. At491BookerSt.,California,USA 191. Paratiempo.Paramencionarunahora especfica,exacta. 47. At12noon. 114. Right Differentfrom Dieof Tryto Exceptfor Inregardto Planto Priorto Typeof Accordingto Similarto Insiston Wrong Notdifferentthan Diefrom Tryand Exceptingfor Inregardsto Planon Priorthan Typeofa Accordingwith Similarwith Insistin

Distinguishfrom(Diferenciar) Distinguishfor(Distinguirse) Distinguishbetween(Escogerentre2) Responsiblefor Contraryto Incontrastto Responsiblefor Preparedfor Superiorto Knownfor(Reconocidopor) Knownas(alias)

Distinguishof

Responsibleof Contrarywith Incontrastwith Responsibleof Preparedto Superiorthan

115.Cuandopuedesevitarqueunacosaposea: Correct:Thecaptainoftheship Incorrect:Theshipscaptain 116.Bother/Nuissance Bother:Algoquesipuedesapagarocontrolar Nuissance:Algoquenopuedescontrolar(i.etheweather) 117.Arcaicos Between=betwixt Among=amongst While=whilst Among=amid=amidst 118.Expectedto________.Expectedsiempreseguidodeinfinitivo. 119.Older/Ancient 192. Olderseutilizaparacosasde aproximadamente100aosdeantigedad 193. Ancientseutilizaparacosasmuchomsviejas

120.Paraadjetivarunafrase,elsustantivosehaceunparticipioyeladjetivoun advervio: 194. Newpaint=newlypainted

121.Paralosttulosdealgunapersona,sielttuloestjuntoalnombredela personaseescribeconmayscula.Encasocontrarioseescribeconminscula: 195. 196. ThePresidentFoxishere(Correct) Foxisthepresident(Correct)

Criticalreasoning:
Partsoftheargument: 1.Theconclusion:thisiswhattheauthoristryingtoconvinceusof. 2.Thepremises:thesearethepiecesofevidencetheauthorgivesto supporttheconclusion. 3.Theassumption:thesesareunstatedideasorevidencewithoutwhich theentireconclusionmightbeinvalid.(Neverstatedbytheauthor clearly.) 4.Thereasoning:thisisthelogicalstructureonwhichtheargumentis based.Itcanbeinductiveordeductive.

Tricks: 1.Readthequestionfirst,thequestioncontainsimportantcluesthat willtellyouwhattolookforasyoureadthepassage. 2.Considereverysinglewordcarefully,shadesofmeaningarevery importantinthissection. 3.Beobjective,thissectionistestingyourabilityasamanagertolisten orreadareport,seefallacies,needsforstrengtheningorweakening, incorrectassumptionsetc. Typesofinductivereasoning: 1.Statisticalarguments:Usestatisticstoproveapoint;trytoreasonif numericallytherecausality. 197. Fouroutoffivedoctorsagree:Thepain relieverisSinutolisthemosteffectiveanalgesicon themarkettoday.YoushouldtrySinutol. Theconclusionisbasedontheassumptionthatfouroutoffivedoctors findSinutolwonderful.Thefourdoctorsmayevenbeontheboardof directorsofSinutol.Themostwecansayisthatthismaybepossible.

2.Argumentbyanalogy:Comparesonesituationtoanother,ignoring thequestionofwhetherthetwosituationsarecomparable. 198. Studiesindicatethatuseofthisproductcauses cancerinlaboratoryanimals.Therefore,youshould stopusingthisproduct. Theargumentisnotreallycomplete.Thisargumentisnotreally complete.Itreliesontheassumptionthatsincethisproductcauses cancerinlabanimals,itwillalsocausecancerinhumans. 3.Causalarguments:Theytakeaneffectand suggestacauseforit. 199. EverytimeIwearmygreensuit,peoplelike me.Therefore,itismygreensuitthatmakespeople likeme. Thisargumentreliesontheassumptionthatthereisnootherpossible causeforpeoplelikinghim.

Typesofquestions(7):